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Zavala LA, Kumar K, Martin V, Maillard F, Maugé F, Portier X, Oliviero L, Dubau L. Direct Evidence of the Role of Co or Pt, Co Single-Atom Promoters on the Performance of MoS 2 Nanoclusters for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luz A. Zavala
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 6, bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Kavita Kumar
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Françoise Maugé
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 6, bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Xavier Portier
- Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique, CEA, UMR CNRS 6252, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Laetitia Oliviero
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 6, bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Zavala-Sanchez LA, Maugé F, Portier X, Oliviero L. Infrared Spectroscopic Evidence of WS2 Morphology Change With Citric Acid Addition and Sulfidation Temperature. Front Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.792368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MS2 morphology is strongly influenced by several parameters including the addition of a chelating agent and sulfidation temperature. In this work, we report the use of citric acid as chelating agent in order to prepare a series of WS2/Al2O3 catalysts that were submitted to sulfidation at several temperatures. The effect of these two parameters in the morphology of the slabs was explored by means of CO adsorption at low temperature followed by IR spectroscopy (IR/CO) and later confirmed by High-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled with High Angular Annular Dark Field detector (HR STEM - HAADF). This allowed to depict the morphology of WS2 slabs by means of calculating the M-edge/S-edge site ratio. The use of citric acid in the preparation stage favors the increase of S-edge site concentration whereas it keeps that of M-edge sites: according to IR/CO, with an increasing amount of citric acid, the WS2 morphology progressively changes from a slightly truncated triangle exhibiting predominantly M edges to a hexagon with both M edge and S edge. In addition, HR STEM-HAADF demonstrated that the addition of citric acid in the impregnation step of W catalysts considerably reduces the size of WS2 nanoparticles increasing their dispersion degree. The morphology of the WS2 plates on the activated WS2/Al2O3 catalyst with a typical sulfidation temperature range (573–673 K) was detected to be a truncated triangle exposing both the M-edge and the S-edge. Furthermore, the IR/CO results indicate that the degree of truncation (ratio of S-edge/M-edge) of WS2 slabs gradually rises with the increasing sulfidation temperature. However, the most determining factor for a modification of the morphology of the slabs turns out to be the presence of citric acid as a chelating agent and not the sulfidation temperature. This change in morphology (i.e., change of S-edge/M-edge ratio) is a key factor for catalytic performance, since the M-edge and the S-edge show different reactivity in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions. Notably, it was also found that the addition of citric acid not only improves the catalytic activity but also the stability of the catalysts, giving the best performance in concentrations higher than (CA/W = 1).
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Liu B, Liu Q, Yang W, Li J, Labbe C, Portier X, Zhang X, Yao J. Homoepitaxial growth of high-quality GaN nanoarrays for enhanced UV luminescence. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01519b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the homoepitaxial growth of high-quality GaN nanoarrays on [0001]-oriented GaN substrate with/without Au catalysts through an accessible chemical vapor deposition process. The morphology observation and...
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Zavala-Sanchez L, Portier X, Maugé F, Oliviero L. Formation and stability of CoMoS nanoclusters by the addition of citric acid: A study by high resolution STEM-HAADF microscopy. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Leroux C, Guillaume C, Labbé C, Portier X, Pelloquin D. Identification of (Tb,Eu) 9.43(SiO 4) 6O 2-δ Oxy-Apatite Structures as Nanometric Inclusions in Annealed (Eu,Tb)-Doped ZnO/Si Junctions: Combined Electron Diffraction and Chemical Contrast Imaging Studies. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4508-4516. [PMID: 33705658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(Tb,Eu)-doped ZnO-annealed films at 1100 °C showed intense photoluminescense (PL) emission from Eu and Tb ions. The high-temperature annealing led to a chemical segregation and a secondary Zn-free phase formation that is suspected to be responsible for the high PL intensity. Large faceted inclusions of rare-earth (RE) silicates of a size of few hundred nanometers were observed. Owing to various advanced electron microscopy techniques, a detailed microstructural study of these nanometric inclusions combining atomic Z contrast imaging (STEM) and precession electron diffraction tomography (PEDT) data was carried out and resulted in the determination of a hexagonal P63/m-type (Tb,Eu)9.43(SiO4)6O2-δ structure related to an oxy-apatite structure. Chemical analyses from spectroscopic data (energy-dispersive X-ray mapping and electron energy loss spectroscopy) at the atomic scale showed that both RE elements sitting on two independent (4f) and (6h) atomic sites have three-fold oxidation states, while refinements of their occupancy sites from PEDT data have evidenced preferential deficiency for the first one. The deduced RE-O distances and their corresponding bond valences are listed and discussed with the efficient energy transfer from Tb3+ toward Eu3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Leroux
- CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, Caen Cedex 04 14050, France
| | - Clément Guillaume
- CIMAP, CEA, UMR CNRS 6252, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, Caen Cedex 04 14050, France
| | - Christophe Labbé
- CIMAP, CEA, UMR CNRS 6252, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, Caen Cedex 04 14050, France
| | - Xavier Portier
- CIMAP, CEA, UMR CNRS 6252, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, Caen Cedex 04 14050, France
| | - Denis Pelloquin
- CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, Caen Cedex 04 14050, France
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Frieiro JL, Guillaume C, López-Vidrier J, Blázquez O, González-Torres S, Labbé C, Hernández S, Portier X, Garrido B. Toward RGB LEDs based on rare earth-doped ZnO. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:465207. [PMID: 32877372 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abadc9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By using ZnO thin films doped with Ce, Tb or Eu, deposited via radiofrequency magnetron sputtering, we have developed monochromatic (blue, green and red, respectively) light emitting devices (LEDs). The rare earth ions introduced with doping rates lower than 2% exhibit narrow and intense emission peaks due to electronic transitions in relaxation processes induced after electrical excitation. This study proves zinc oxide to be a good host for these elements, its high conductivity and optical transparency in the visible range being as well exploited as top transparent electrode. After structural characterization of the different doped layers, a device structure with intense electroluminescence is presented, modeled, and electrically and optically characterized. The different emission spectra obtained are compared in a chromatic diagram, providing a reference for future works with similar devices. The results hereby presented demonstrate three operating monochromatic LEDs, as well as a combination of the three species into another one, with a simply-designed structure compatible with current Si technology and demonstrating an integrated red-green-blue emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Frieiro
- MIND, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN²UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Zavala-Sanchez LA, Portier X, Maugé F, Oliviero L. Promoter Location on NiW/Al 2O 3 Sulfide Catalysts: Parallel Study by IR/CO Spectroscopy and High-Resolution STEM-HAADF Microscopy. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Portier
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique, CEA, UMR CNRS 6252, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Francoise Maugé
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCS, 14000 Caen, France
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Liu Q, Li J, Yang W, Zhang X, Zhang C, Labbé C, Portier X, Liu F, Yao J, Liu B. Simultaneous detection of trace Ag(I) and Cu(II) ions using homoepitaxially grown GaN micropillar electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1100:22-30. [PMID: 31987144 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the motivation to quantitively control and monitor trace metal ions in water, the development of environmental-friendly electrodes with superior detection sensitivity is extremely important. In this work, we report the design of a stable, ultrasensitive and biocompatible electrode for the detection of trace Ag+ and Cu2+ ions by growing n-type GaN micropillars on conductive p-type GaN substrate. The electrochemical measurement based on cyclic voltammetry indicates that the GaN micropillars exhibit quasi-reversible and mass-controlled reaction in redox probe solution. In the application of trace Ag+ and Cu2+ determination, the GaN micropillars show superior sensitivity and excellent conductivity by presenting a detection limit of 3.3 ppb for Ag+ and 3.3 ppb for Cu2+. Comparative studies on the electrochemical response of GaN micropillars and GaN film in the simultaneous Ag+ and Cu2+ detection reveal that GaN micropillars show three orders of magnitude higher stripping peak current than GaN film. It is assumed that the microarray morphology with large active area and the hydrophilia nature of GaN micropillars are responsible for the excellent sensitivity. This work will open up some opportunities for GaN nanostructure electrodes in the application of trace metal ions detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenjin Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinglai Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Christophe Labbé
- CIMAP CNRS/CEA/ENSICAEN/Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Xavier Portier
- CIMAP CNRS/CEA/ENSICAEN/Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jinlei Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Mathematics and Physics, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Baodan Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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9
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Zavala-Sanchez L, Portier X, Maugé F, Oliviero L. High-resolution STEM-HAADF microscopy on a γ-Al 2O 3 supported MoS 2 catalyst-proof of the changes in dispersion and morphology of the slabs with the addition of citric acid. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:035706. [PMID: 31557737 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale images of MoS2 slabs supported on γ-Al2O3 were obtained by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy equipped with a high angular annular dark field detector (HR STEM-HAADF). These observations, obtained for sulfide catalysts prepared with or without citric acid as a chelating agent, evidenced variations in morphology (shape) and size of the MoS2 nanoslabs, as detected indirectly by the adsorption of CO followed by infrared spectroscopy. Quantitative dispersion values and a morphology index (S-edge/M-edge ratio) were determined from the slabs observed. In this way, HR STEM-HAADF underlines that the addition of citric acid to Mo catalysts decreases the size of the particles and modifies the shape of the MoS2 nanoslabs from slightly truncated triangles to particles with a higher ratio of S-edge/M-edge. These finding are of great significance since tayloring the morphology of the slabs is a way to increase their catalytic activity and selectivity. Furthermore, this work demonstrated that the IR/CO method is a relevant approach to describe the MoS2 morphology of supported catalysts used in hydrotreatment processes for clean fuel production.
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Liu K, Cristini-Robbe O, Elmi OI, Wang SL, Wei B, Yu I, Portier X, Gourbilleau F, Stiévenard D, Xu T. Tunneling Atomic Layer-Deposited Aluminum Oxide: a Correlated Structural/Electrical Performance Study for the Surface Passivation of Silicon Junctions. Nanoscale Res Lett 2019; 14:330. [PMID: 31641871 PMCID: PMC6805846 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Passivation is a key process for the optimization of silicon p-n junctions. Among the different technologies used to passivate the surface and contact interfaces, alumina is widely used. One key parameter is the thickness of the passivation layer that is commonly deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. This paper aims at presenting correlated structural/electrical studies for the passivation effect of alumina on Si junctions to obtain optimal thickness of alumina passivation layer. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) observations coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements are used to determine the thickness of alumina at atomic scale. The correlated electrical parameters are measured with both solar simulator and Sinton's Suns-Voc measurements. Finally, an optimum alumina thickness of 1.2 nm is thus evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | | | - Omar Ibrahim Elmi
- Université de Djibouti, Groupe de Recherche PCM, Faculté des Sciences, BP 1904, Djibouti City, Djibouti
| | - Shuang Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Bin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Ingsong Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xavier Portier
- CIMAP, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Fabrice Gourbilleau
- CIMAP, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Didier Stiévenard
- IEMN, UMR8520, Université de Lille 1, 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cédex, France
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072 China
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Wei B, Tang Z, Wang S, Qin C, Li C, Ding X, Gao Y, Portier X, Gourbilleau F, Stiévenard D, Xu T. Enhanced photovoltaic performance of inverted polymer solar cells through atomic layer deposited Al 2O 3 passivation of ZnO-nanoparticle buffer layer. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:395204. [PMID: 29972683 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 ultrathin layer was introduced to passivate the ZnO-nanoparticle (NP) buffer layer of inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on P3HT:PCBM. The surface morphology of the ZnO-NP/Al2O3 interface was systematically analyzed by using a variety of tools, in particular transmission electron microscopy (TEM), evidencing a conformal ALD-Al2O3 deposition. The thickness of the Al2O3 layers was optimized at the nanoscale to boost electron transport of the ZnO-NP layer, which can be attributed to the suppression of oxygen vacancy defects in ZnO-NPs confirmed by photoluminescence measurement. The optimal inverted PSCs passivated by ALD-Al2O3 exhibited an ∼22% higher power conversion efficiency than the control devices with a pristine ZnO-NP buffer layer. The employment of the ALD-Al2O3 passivation layer with precisely controlled thickness provides a promising approach to develop high efficiency PSCs with novel polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
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Jedrecy N, Aghavnian T, Moussy JB, Magnan H, Stanescu D, Portier X, Arrio MA, Mocuta C, Vlad A, Belkhou R, Ohresser P, Barbier A. Cross-Correlation between Strain, Ferroelectricity, and Ferromagnetism in Epitaxial Multiferroic CoFe 2O 4/BaTiO 3 Heterostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:28003-28014. [PMID: 30085643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic biphase systems with robust ferromagnetic and ferroelectric response at room temperature would be ideally suitable for voltage-controlled nonvolatile memories. Understanding the role of strain and charges at interfaces is central for an accurate control of the ferroelectricity as well as of the ferromagnetism. In this paper, we probe the relationship between the strain and the ferromagnetic/ferroelectric properties in the layered CoFe2O4/BaTiO3 (CFO/BTO) model system. For this purpose, ultrathin epitaxial bilayers, ranging from highly strained to fully relaxed, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Nb:SrTiO3(001). The lattice characteristics, determined by X-ray diffraction, evidence a non-intuitive cross-correlation: the strain in the bottom BTO layer depends on the thickness of the top CFO layer and vice versa. Plastic deformation participates in the relaxation process through dislocations at both interfaces, revealed by electron microscopy. Importantly, the switching of the BTO ferroelectric polarization, probed by piezoresponse force microscopy, is found dependent on the CFO thickness: the larger is the latter, the easiest is the BTO switching. In the thinnest thickness regime, the tetragonality of BTO and CFO has a strong impact on the 3d electronic levels of the different cations, which were probed by X-ray linear dichroism. The quantitative determination of the nature and repartition of the magnetic ions in CFO, as well as of their magnetic moments, has been carried out by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, with the support of multiplet calculations. While bulklike ferrimagnetism is found for 5-15 nm thick CFO layers with a magnetization resulting as expected from the Co2+ ions alone, important changes occur at the interface with BTO over a thickness of 2-3 nm because of the formation of Fe2+ and Co3+ ions. This oxidoreduction process at the interface has strong implications concerning the mechanisms of polarity compensation and coupling in multiferroic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Jedrecy
- Institut des Nano Sciences de Paris (INSP) , Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7588 , 4 Place Jussieu , 75252 Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Thomas Aghavnian
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (SPEC), CEA, CNRS UMR 3680, Université Paris Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Moussy
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (SPEC), CEA, CNRS UMR 3680, Université Paris Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Hélène Magnan
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (SPEC), CEA, CNRS UMR 3680, Université Paris Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Dana Stanescu
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (SPEC), CEA, CNRS UMR 3680, Université Paris Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Xavier Portier
- Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), CEA, CNRS UMR 6252, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université , 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin , 14050 Caen , France
| | - Marie-Anne Arrio
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD, MNHN , 4 Place Jussieu , 75252 Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Cristian Mocuta
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin , BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin , BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Rachid Belkhou
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin , BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Philippe Ohresser
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin , BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Antoine Barbier
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (SPEC), CEA, CNRS UMR 3680, Université Paris Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
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Elmi OI, Cristini-Robbe O, Chen MY, Wei B, Bernard R, Yarekha D, Okada E, Ouendi S, Portier X, Gourbilleau F, Xu T, Stiévenard D. Local Schottky contacts of embedded Ag nanoparticles in Al 2O 3/SiN x :H stacks on Si: a design to enhance field effect passivation of Si junctions. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:285403. [PMID: 29697055 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an original design leading to the field effect passivation of Si n+-p junctions. Ordered Ag nanoparticle (Ag-NP) arrays with optimal size and coverage fabricated by means of nanosphere lithography and thermal evaporation, were embedded in ultrathin-Al2O3/SiN x :H stacks on the top of implanted Si n+-p junctions, to achieve effective surface passivation. One way to characterize surface passivation is to use photocurrent, sensitive to recombination centers. We evidenced an improvement of photocurrent by a factor of 5 with the presence of Ag NPs. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations combining with semi-quantitative calculations demonstrated that such gain was mainly due to the enhanced field effect passivation through the depleted region associated with the Ag-NPs/Si Schottky contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ibrahim Elmi
- Université de Djibouti, Faculté des Sciences BP 1904, Djibouti
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Ehré F, Labbé C, Dufour C, Jadwisienczak WM, Weimmerskirch-Aubatin J, Portier X, Doualan JL, Cardin J, Richard AL, Ingram DC, Labrugère C, Gourbilleau F. The nitrogen concentration effect on Ce doped SiO xN y emission: towards optimized Ce 3+ for LED applications. Nanoscale 2018; 10:3823-3837. [PMID: 29412204 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06139k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ce-Doped SiOxNy films are deposited by magnetron reactive sputtering from a CeO2 target under a nitrogen reactive gas atmosphere. Visible photoluminescence measurements regarding the nitrogen gas flow reveal a large emission band centered at 450 nm for a sample deposited under a 2 sccm flow. Special attention is paid to the origin of such an emission at high nitrogen concentration. Different emitting centers are suggested in Ce doped SiOxNy films (e.g. band tails, CeO2, Ce clusters, Ce3+ ions), with different activation scenarios to explain the luminescence. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the exclusive presence of Ce3+ ions whatever the nitrogen or Ce concentrations, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows no clusters or silicates upon high temperature annealing. With the help of photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy (PLE), a wide excitation range from 250 nm up to 400 nm is revealed and various excitations of Ce3+ ions are proposed involving direct or indirect mechanisms. Nitrogen concentration plays an important role in Ce3+ emission by modifying Ce surroundings, reducing the Si phase volume in SiOxNy and causing a nephelauxetic effect. Taking into account the optimized nitrogen growth parameters, the Ce concentration is analyzed as a new parameter. Under UV excitation, a strong emission is visible to the naked eye with high Ce3+ concentration (6 at%). No saturation of the photoluminescence intensity is observed, confirming again the lack of Ce cluster or silicate phase formation due to the nitrogen presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ehré
- CIMAP, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, 14050 Caen, France.
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Korsunska N, Baran M, Vorona I, Nosenko V, Lavoryk S, Portier X, Khomenkova L. Impurity-Governed Modification of Optical and Structural Properties of ZrO 2-Based Composites Doped with Cu and Y. Nanoscale Res Lett 2017; 12:157. [PMID: 28249369 PMCID: PMC5328883 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of calcination temperature on copper spatial localization in Y-stabilized ZrO2 powders was studied by attenuated total reflection, diffuse reflectance, electron paramagnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies. It was found that calcination temperature rise in the range of 500-700 °C caused the increase of copper concentration in the volume of ZrO2 nanocrystals. This increase was due to Cu in-diffusion from surface complexes that contained copper ions linked with either water molecules or OH groups. This copper in-diffusion led also to an enhancement of absorption band peaked at ~270 nm that was ascribed to the formation of additional oxygen vacancies in nanocrystal volume. Further increasing of calcination temperature from 800 up to 1000 °C resulted in outward Cu diffusion accompanied by a decrease of the intensity of the 270-nm absorption band (i.e., oxygen vacancies' number), the transformation of ZrO2 tetragonal (cubic) phase to monoclinic one as well as the enhancement of absorption band of dispersed and crystalline CuO in the 600-900 nm range.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Korsunska
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Pr. Nauky, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
| | - M. Baran
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Pr. Nauky, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
| | - I. Vorona
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Pr. Nauky, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
| | - V. Nosenko
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Pr. Nauky, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
| | - S. Lavoryk
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Pr. Nauky, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
- NanoMedTech LLC, 68 Antonovycha Str, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
| | - X. Portier
- CIMAP Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, 6 Boulevard Marechal Juin, Caen, 14050 France
| | - L. Khomenkova
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Pr. Nauky, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
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Liu Q, Liu B, Yang W, Yang B, Zhang X, Labbé C, Portier X, An V, Jiang X. Alignment control and atomically-scaled heteroepitaxial interface study of GaN nanowires. Nanoscale 2017; 9:5212-5221. [PMID: 28397937 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Well-aligned GaN nanowires are promising candidates for building high-performance optoelectronic nanodevices. In this work, we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of well-aligned GaN nanowires on a [0001]-oriented sapphire substrate in a simple catalyst-assisted chemical vapor deposition process and their alignment control. It is found that the ammonia flux plays a key role in dominating the initial nucleation of GaN nanocrystals and their orientation. Typically, significant improvement of the GaN nanowire alignment can be realized at a low NH3 flow rate. X-ray diffraction and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy studies further verified the preferential orientation of GaN nanowires along the [0001] direction. The growth mechanism of GaN nanowire arrays is also well studied based on cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization and it is observed that GaN nanowires have good epitaxial growth on the sapphire substrate following the crystallographic relationship between (0001)GaN∥(0001)sapphire and (101[combining macron]0)GaN∥(112[combining macron]0)sapphire. Most importantly, periodic misfit dislocations are also experimentally observed in the interface region due to the large lattice mismatch between the GaN nanowire and the sapphire substrate, and the formation of such dislocations will favor the release of structural strain in GaN nanowires. HRTEM analysis also finds the existence of "type I" stacking faults and voids inside the GaN nanowires. Optical investigation suggests that the GaN nanowire arrays have strong emission in the UV range, suggesting their crystalline nature and chemical purity. The achievement of aligned GaN nanowires will further promote the wide applications of GaN nanostructures toward diverse high-performance optoelectronic nanodevices including nano-LEDs, photovoltaic cells, photodetectors etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Labbé C, An YT, Zatryb G, Portier X, Podhorodecki A, Marie P, Frilay C, Cardin J, Gourbilleau F. Structural and emission properties of Tb 3+-doped nitrogen-rich silicon oxynitride films. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:115710. [PMID: 28140358 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5ca0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Terbium doped silicon oxynitride host matrix is suitable for various applications such as light emitters compatible with CMOS technology or frequency converter systems for photovoltaic cells. In this study, amorphous Tb3+ ion doped nitrogen-rich silicon oxynitride (NRSON) thin films were fabricated using a reactive magnetron co-sputtering method, with various N2 flows and annealing conditions, in order to study their structural and emission properties. Rutherford backscattering (RBS) measurements and refractive index values confirmed the silicon oxynitride nature of the films. An electron microscopy analysis conducted for different annealing temperatures (T A) was also performed up to 1200 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed two different sublayers. The top layer showed porosities coming from a degassing of oxygen during deposition and annealing, while in the region close to the substrate, a multilayer-like structure of SiO2 and Si3N4 phases appeared, involving a spinodal decomposition. Upon a 1200 °C annealing treatment, a significant density of Tb clusters was detected, indicating a higher thermal threshold of rare earth (RE) clusterization in comparison to the silicon oxide matrix. With an opposite variation of the N2 flow during the deposition, the nitrogen excess parameter (Nex) estimated by RBS measurements was introduced to investigate the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum behavior and emission properties. Different vibration modes of the Si-N and Si-O bonds have been carefully identified from the FTIR spectra characterizing such host matrices, especially the 'out-of-phase' stretching vibration mode of the Si-O bond. The highest Tb3+ photoluminescence (PL) intensity was obtained by optimizing the N incorporation and the annealing conditions. In addition, according to these conditions, the integrated PL intensity variation confirmed that the silicon nitride-based host matrix had a higher thermal threshold of rare earth clusterization than its silicon oxide counterpart. Analysis of time-resolved PL intensity versus T A showed the impact of Tb clustering on decay times, in agreement with the TEM observations. Finally, PL and PL excitation (PLE) experiments and comparison of the related spectra between undoped and Tb-doped samples were carried out to investigate the impact of the band tails on the excitation mechanism of Tb3+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Labbé
- CIMAP, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
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18
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Abstract
The ratio of S-edge/Mo-edge on the MoS2 phase supported by Al2O3 increases on increasing the Mo loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie
- ENSICAEN
- Université de Caen
- CNRS
- 14050 Caen
| | - Laetitia Oliviero
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie
- ENSICAEN
- Université de Caen
- CNRS
- 14050 Caen
| | | | - Françoise Maugé
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie
- ENSICAEN
- Université de Caen
- CNRS
- 14050 Caen
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An Y, Labbé C, Khomenkova L, Morales M, Portier X, Gourbilleau F. Microstructure and optical properties of Pr3+-doped hafnium silicate films. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:43. [PMID: 23336520 PMCID: PMC3562245 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the evolution of the microstructure and photoluminescence properties of Pr3+-doped hafnium silicate thin films as a function of annealing temperature (TA). The composition and microstructure of the films were characterized by means of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, spectroscopic ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared absorption, and X-ray diffraction, while the emission properties have been studied by means of photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectroscopies. It was observed that a post-annealing treatment favors the phase separation in hafnium silicate matrix being more evident at 950°C. The HfO2 phase demonstrates a pronounced crystallization in tetragonal phase upon 950°C annealing. Pr3+ emission appeared at TA = 950°C, and the highest efficiency of Pr3+ ion emission was detected upon a thermal treatment at 1,000°C. Analysis of the PLE spectra reveals an efficient energy transfer from matrix defects towards Pr3+ ions. It is considered that oxygen vacancies act as effective Pr3+ sensitizer. Finally, a PL study of undoped HfO2 and HfSiOx matrices is performed to evidence the energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongTao An
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS/CEA/Ensicaen/UCBN, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, Cedex 4, 14050, France
| | - Christophe Labbé
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS/CEA/Ensicaen/UCBN, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, Cedex 4, 14050, France
| | - Larysa Khomenkova
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS/CEA/Ensicaen/UCBN, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, Cedex 4, 14050, France
| | - Magali Morales
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS/CEA/Ensicaen/UCBN, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, Cedex 4, 14050, France
| | - Xavier Portier
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS/CEA/Ensicaen/UCBN, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, Cedex 4, 14050, France
| | - Fabrice Gourbilleau
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS/CEA/Ensicaen/UCBN, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, Cedex 4, 14050, France
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Debieu O, Nalini RP, Cardin J, Portier X, Perrière J, Gourbilleau F. Structural and optical characterization of pure Si-rich nitride thin films. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:31. [PMID: 23324447 PMCID: PMC3563568 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The specific dependence of the Si content on the structural and optical properties of O- and H-free Si-rich nitride (SiNx>1.33) thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering is investigated. A semiempirical relation between the composition and the refractive index was found. In the absence of Si-H, N-H, and Si-O vibration modes in the FTIR spectra, the transverse and longitudinal optical (TO-LO) Si-N stretching pair modes could be unambiguously identified using the Berreman effect. With increasing Si content, the LO and the TO bands shifted to lower wavenumbers, and the LO band intensity dropped suggesting that the films became more disordered. Besides, the LO and the TO bands shifted to higher wavenumbers with increasing annealing temperature which may result from the phase separation between Si nanoparticles (Si-np) and the host medium. Indeed, XRD and Raman measurements showed that crystalline Si-np formed upon 1100°C annealing but only for SiNx<0.8. Besides, quantum confinement effects on the Raman peaks of crystalline Si-np, which were observed by HRTEM, were evidenced for Si-np average sizes between 3 and 6 nm. A contrario, visible photoluminescence (PL) was only observed for SiNx>0.9, demonstrating that this PL is not originating from confined states in crystalline Si-np. As an additional proof, the PL was quenched while crystalline Si-np could be formed by laser annealing. Besides, the PL cannot be explained neither by defect states in the bandgap nor by tail to tail recombination. The PL properties of SiNx>0.9 could be then due to a size effect of Si-np but having an amorphous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Debieu
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS-ENSICAEN-CEA-UCBN, Ensicaen, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, cedex 4, France
| | - Ramesh Pratibha Nalini
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS-ENSICAEN-CEA-UCBN, Ensicaen, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, cedex 4, France
| | - Julien Cardin
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS-ENSICAEN-CEA-UCBN, Ensicaen, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, cedex 4, France
| | - Xavier Portier
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS-ENSICAEN-CEA-UCBN, Ensicaen, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, cedex 4, France
| | - Jacques Perrière
- UNIV PARIS 06, INSP NANOSCIENCE PARIS, CNRS, UMR 7588, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Gourbilleau
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CNRS-ENSICAEN-CEA-UCBN, Ensicaen, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, cedex 4, France
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El Hamri E, Meddah M, Boulkadat L, Elfanaoui A, Bouabid K, Nya M, Portier X, Ihlal A. Studies of non-vacuum processing of Cu-chalcogenide thin films. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:6800-6803. [PMID: 22962825 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cu-chalcogenide thin films were prepared using a two stage method: one step electrodeposition of CuISe and CIGSe, and the sulfurisation of CISe to prepare CISSe thin films. The films were deposited on different substrates: Mo and ITO coated glass. The optimum potentials for electrodeposition of CISe and CIGSe films were respectively selected in the range -400 to -550 mV and -650 to -700 mV (vs. SCE). The electrodeposited layers were firmly adhesive. The well known chalcopyrite structure appears after annealing at 400 degrees C under Argon for CISe. The band gap value deduced from the optical measurements is close to 1 eV. To increase this value, addition of gallium in the aqueous electrolytic solution was performed. A band gap value as high as 1.26 eV was recorded on the obtained CIGSe films. Sulfurisation of CISe layers under 5% H2S/Ar atmosphere lead to a shift of the position of the principal XRD peaks indicating the substitution of selenium atoms by sulfur atoms and thus the formation of the quaternary CISSe. Optical measurements performed on this quaternary compound show that our films exhibit a band gap value scaling from 1 eV to 1.4 eV depending on the amount of sulphur incorporated into the layers during the heat treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E El Hamri
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Energies Renouvelables (LMER), Université Ibn Zohr Dépt. Physique, Faculté des Sciences B.P. 8106, Hay Dakhla, 80000 Agadir, Maroc
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22
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Badawi M, Paul J, Cristol S, Payen E, Romero Y, Richard F, Brunet S, Lambert D, Portier X, Popov A, Kondratieva E, Goupil J, El Fallah J, Gilson J, Mariey L, Travert A, Maugé F. Effect of water on the stability of Mo and CoMo hydrodeoxygenation catalysts: A combined experimental and DFT study. J Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cueff S, Labbé C, Jambois O, Garrido B, Portier X, Rizk R. Thickness-dependent optimization of Er3+ light emission from silicon-rich silicon oxide thin films. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011; 6:395. [PMID: 21711930 PMCID: PMC3211489 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of the film thickness on the silicon-excess-mediated sensitization of Erbium ions in Si-rich silica. The Er3+ photoluminescence at 1.5 μm, normalized to the film thickness, was found five times larger for films 1 μm-thick than that from 50-nm-thick films intended for electrically driven devices. The origin of this difference is shared by changes in the local density of optical states and depth-dependent interferences, and by limited formation of Si-based sensitizers in "thin" films, probably because of the prevailing high stress. More Si excess has significantly increased the emission from "thin" films, up to ten times. This paves the way to the realization of highly efficient electrically excited devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Cueff
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), ENSICAEN, CNRS, CEA/IRAMIS, Université de Caen, 14050 CAEN cedex, France
| | - Christophe Labbé
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), ENSICAEN, CNRS, CEA/IRAMIS, Université de Caen, 14050 CAEN cedex, France
| | - Olivier Jambois
- Departament Electrònica, MIND-IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Fanquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, CAT, Spain
| | - Blas Garrido
- Departament Electrònica, MIND-IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Fanquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, CAT, Spain
| | - Xavier Portier
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), ENSICAEN, CNRS, CEA/IRAMIS, Université de Caen, 14050 CAEN cedex, France
| | - Richard Rizk
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), ENSICAEN, CNRS, CEA/IRAMIS, Université de Caen, 14050 CAEN cedex, France
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Debieu O, Cardin J, Portier X, Gourbilleau F. Effect of the Nd content on the structural and photoluminescence properties of silicon-rich silicon dioxide thin films. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011; 6:161. [PMID: 21711673 PMCID: PMC3211213 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the microstructure and photoluminescence (PL) properties of Nd-doped silicon-rich silicon oxide (SRSO) are reported as a function of the annealing temperature and the Nd concentration. The thin films, which were grown on Si substrates by reactive magnetron co-sputtering, contain the same Si excess as determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra show that a phase separation occurs during the annealing because of the condensation of the Si excess resulting in the formation of silicon nanoparticles (Si-np) as detected by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Under non-resonant excitation at 488 nm, our Nd-doped SRSO films simultaneously exhibited PL from Si-np and Nd3+ demonstrating the efficient energy transfer between Si-np and Nd3+ and the sensitizing effect of Si-np. Upon increasing the Nd concentration from 0.08 to 4.9 at.%, our samples revealed a progressive quenching of the Nd3+ PL which can be correlated with the concomitant increase of disorder within the host matrix as shown by FTIR experiments. Moreover, the presence of Nd-oxide nanocrystals in the highest Nd-doped sample was established by XRD. It is, therefore, suggested that the Nd clustering, as well as disorder, are responsible for the concentration quenching of the PL of Nd3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Debieu
- CIMAP, UMR CNRS/CEA/ENSICAEN/UCBN, Ensicaen 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Julien Cardin
- CIMAP, UMR CNRS/CEA/ENSICAEN/UCBN, Ensicaen 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Xavier Portier
- CIMAP, UMR CNRS/CEA/ENSICAEN/UCBN, Ensicaen 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Fabrice Gourbilleau
- CIMAP, UMR CNRS/CEA/ENSICAEN/UCBN, Ensicaen 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
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Khomenkova L, Portier X, Cardin J, Gourbilleau F. Thermal stability of high-k Si-rich HfO(2) layers grown by RF magnetron sputtering. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:285707. [PMID: 20585152 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/28/285707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure and optical properties of HfSiO films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering were studied by means of x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy versus annealing treatment. It was shown that silicon incorporation in the HfO(2) matrix plays an important role in the structure stability of the layers. Thus, the increase of the annealing temperature up to 1000 degrees C did not lead to the crystallization of the films. The evolution of the chemical composition as well as a decrease of the density of the films was attributed to the phase separation of HfSiO on HfO(2) and SiO(2) phases in the film. An annealing at 1000-1100 degrees C results in the formation of the multilayer Si-rich/Hf-rich structure and was explained by a surface-directed spinodal decomposition. The formation of the stable tetragonal structure of HfO(2) phase was shown upon annealing treatment at 1100 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Khomenkova
- CIMAP, CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/UCBN, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France.
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Petford-Long AK, Larson DJ, Cerezo A, Portier X, Shang P, Ozkaya D, Long T, Clifton PH. The role of atomic scale investigation in the development of nanoscale materials for information storage applications. Microsc Microanal 2004; 10:366-372. [PMID: 15233855 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927604040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the response of devices based on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect depends critically on film microstructure, with parameters such as interfacial abruptness, the roughness and waviness of the layers, and grain size being crucial. Such devices have applications in information storage systems, and are therefore of great technological interest as well as being of fundamental scientific interest. The layers must be studied at high spatial resolution if the microstructural parameters are to be characterized with sufficient detail to enable the effects of fabrication conditions on properties to be understood, and the techniques of high resolution electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy chemical mapping, and atom probe microanalysis are ideally suited. This article describes the application of these techniques to a range of materials including spin valves, spin tunnel junctions, and GMR multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Petford-Long
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
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Petford-Long AK, Portier X, Bayle-Guillemaud P, Anthony TC, Brug JA. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of the Magnetization Reversal Mechanism in Information Storage Materials. Microsc Microanal 1998; 4:325-333. [PMID: 9767670 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927698980333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
: The Foucault and Fresnel modes of Lorentz microscopy, together with a quantitative magnetization mapping technique, summed image differential phase-contrast imaging, were used to study the magnetization reversal mechanism of the sense layer in spin-valve structures exhibiting the giant magnetoresistance effect. In addition to studies of sheet film, lithographically defined spin-valve elements were investigated. A current can be passed through the element during magnetizing so that the effect of the applied current on the giant magnetoresistance and magnetization reversal mechanism can be studied. Results are presented for a number of different spin-valve structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- AK Petford-Long
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
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Portier X, Rizk R, Nouet G, Allais G. High-resolution electron microscopy observations of silicon/nickel silicide interfaces in a ∑ = 25 silicon bicrystal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/01418619508236239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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