1
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Erdélyi Á, Farkas V, Turczel G, Nagyházi M, Bényei A, Recta MLL, Nagy T, Kéki S, Osterthun O, Klankermayer J, Tuba R. Synthesis and Application of Robust Spiro [Fluorene-9] CAAC Ruthenium Alkylidene Complexes for the "One-Pot" Conversion of Allyl Acetate to Butane-1,4-diol. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401918. [PMID: 38865343 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A series of a novel CAAC ligands featuring a spiro-fluorene group have been synthesized and complexed with ruthenium alkylidenes, yielding the corresponding Hoveyda-type derivatives as a new family of olefin metathesis catalysts. The novel complexes have been characterized by XRD, HRMS and NMR measurements. The synthetised complexes were tested in catalysis and showed good activity in olefin metathesis, as demonstrated on diethyl diallylmalonate and allyl acetate substrates. The unique backbone in the ligand with the large, yet inflexible condensed system renders interesting properties to the catalyst, exemplified by the good catalytic performance and improved Z-selectivity. In addition, the complex can also serve as a hydrogenation catalyst in a consecutive (one-pot) reaction. The latter reaction can convert allyl acetate to butane-1,4-diol, a valuable chemical intermediate for biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Erdélyi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Research Centre for Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém, 8210, Hungary
| | - Vajk Farkas
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turczel
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Márton Nagyházi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Research Centre for Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém, 8210, Hungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Merell Lystra Ledesma Recta
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Ole Osterthun
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Róbert Tuba
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Research Centre for Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém, 8210, Hungary
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2
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Roth TFH, Kühl A, Spiekermann ML, Wegener HW, Seidensticker T. Biodiesel as a Sustainable Platform Chemical Enabled by Selective Partial Hydrogenation: Compounds Outplace Combustion?! CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400036. [PMID: 38376952 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vegetable oils and their derivatives is essential for their use in many areas, such as biofuels and food chemistry. However, no attempts have been made to adapt this technology to the requirements of further chemical utilization of fatty acid methyl esters as molecular building blocks, especially for particularly promising double-bond reactions. In this work, we, therefore, use three homogeneous catalytic model reactions (hydroformylation, isomerizing methoxycarbonylation, and ethenolysis) to show, firstly, that it is already known from the literature that high PUFA contents have a negative impact on activity and selectivity. Subsequently, using the example of soybean and canola biodiesel, we demonstrate that these key figures can be drastically improved by a preceding selective partial hydrogenation. This makes it possible to first reduce the share of PUFAs to <1 w % without causing significant overhydrogenation and then to carry out hydroformylation, methoxycarbonylation, and ethenolysis with significantly increased activity (up to twentyfold) and selectivity (up to 80 % increase). With these findings, we hope to convince the scientific and industrial world of the potential of selective partial hydrogenation as a key technology for utilizing renewable raw materials and to encourage its effective use in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F H Roth
- Department for Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44265, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Kühl
- Department for Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44265, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maximilian L Spiekermann
- Department for Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44265, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hannes W Wegener
- Department for Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44265, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Seidensticker
- Department for Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44265, Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Zhang X, Yang S, Zeng X. Ring Contraction by Rearrangement of Sterically Congested Cyclic (Amino)(aryl)carbenes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38808612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The rearrangement of sterically congested cyclic (amino)(aryl)carbenes (CAArCs) by the reaction of related iminium salts with potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide is reported, allowing for forming benzocyclobutanimines via a ring contraction process. Mechanistic studies by theoretical calculations indicate that the formation of conjugated ketenimines as intermediates could be considered, in which steric hindrance caused by N-alkyl motifs of CAArCs plays an important role in promoting the ring-opening by the cleavage of C-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shangru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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4
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Sousa JAD, Sá JLDS, Carneiro JWDM, Matos JMED. Structural and thermodynamic insights into the coordination preference of norbornadiene with the initiator complex [RuCl 2(PPh 3) 2(piperidine)] in polymerization via olefin metathesis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13164-13171. [PMID: 38630007 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03349j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The metathesis reaction has been an important tool in both organic and inorganic synthetic chemistry. More specifically in polymer chemistry, ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), via the formation of an active metal-carbene species (MCHR), has been widely used. The elucidation of the mechanism for ROMP opened the way for the development of well-defined catalysts, suited to local conditions. In the present study, we employed density functional theory (DFT) to investigate three reaction pathways for the formation of a species capable of activating ROMP. The active species is formed from the [RuCl2(PPh3)2(pip)] complex in the presence of norbornadiene (NBD) and the carbene source ethyl diazoacetate (EDA). Formation of a hexacoordinated intermediate [RuCl2(PPh3)2(pip)(NBD)] is favored in the first step, with NBD doubly coordinated to the [RuCl2(PPh3)2(pip)] moiety. Analysis of donation (X → Ru) and back-donation (Ru → X) processes in the [RuCl2(PPh3)2(pip)(NBD)] complex shows that piperidine behaves as a σ donor, while NBD behaves as a π donor and the PPh3 groups act as π acceptors. The intensity of the orbital component is predominant in relation to the steric component in the complex. Thus, we propose that the reaction occurs through the formation of a hexacoordinated complex, followed by the dissociation of a PPh3 group, thus forming a complex where NBD is doubly coordinated to the metal center. Coordination of EDA leads finally to the catalyst capable of forming the metallocyclobutane intermediate required for the ROMP reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio de Sousa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz da Silva Sá
- Centro de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64002-150, Brazil
| | - José Walkimar de Mesquita Carneiro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64002-150, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
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5
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Farkas V, Csókás D, Erdélyi Á, Turczel G, Bényei A, Nagy T, Kéki S, Pápai I, Tuba R. "Inverted" Cyclic(Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene (CAAC) Ruthenium Complex Catalyzed Isomerization Metathesis (ISOMET) of Long Chain Olefins to Propylene at Low Ethylene Pressure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400118. [PMID: 38482751 PMCID: PMC11109630 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Isomerization Metathesis (ISOMET) reaction is an emerging tool for "open loop" chemical recycling of polyethylene to propylene. Novel, latent N-Alkyl substituted Cyclic(Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene (CAAC)-ruthenium catalysts (5a-Ru, 3b-Ru - 6c-Ru) are developed rendering "inverted" chemical structure while showing enhanced ISOMET activity in combination with (RuHCl)(CO)(PPh3)3 (RuH) double bond isomerization co-catalyst. Systematic investigations reveal that the steric hindrance of the substituents on nitrogen and carbon atom adjacent to carbene moiety in the CAAC ligand have significantly improved the catalytic activity and robustness. In contrast to the NHC-Ru and CAAC-Ru catalyst systems known so far, these systems show higher isomerization metathesis (ISOMET) activity (TON: 7400) on the model compound 1-octadecene at as low as 3.0 bar optimized pressure, using technical grade (3.0) ethylene. The propylene content formed in the gas phase can reach up to 20% by volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajk Farkas
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4BudapestH‐1111Hungary
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
| | - Ádám Erdélyi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
- Research Centre for BiochemicalEnvironmental and Chemical EngineeringDepartment of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal ProcessingUniversity of PannoniaEgyetem u. 10VeszprémH‐8210Hungary
| | - Gábor Turczel
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Physical ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 1DebrecenH‐4032Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 1DebrecenH‐4032Hungary
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 1DebrecenH‐4032Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
| | - Róbert Tuba
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
- Research Centre for BiochemicalEnvironmental and Chemical EngineeringDepartment of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal ProcessingUniversity of PannoniaEgyetem u. 10VeszprémH‐8210Hungary
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6
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Puerta Lombardi BM, Faas MR, West D, Suvinen RA, Tuononen HM, Roesler R. An isolable, chelating bis[cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene] stabilizes a strongly bent, dicoordinate Ni(0) complex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3417. [PMID: 38653986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chelating ligands have had a tremendous impact in coordination chemistry and catalysis. Notwithstanding their success as strongly σ-donating and π-accepting ligands, to date no chelating bis[cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes] have been reported. Herein, we describe a chelating, C2-symmetric bis[cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene] ligand, which was isolated as a racemic mixture. The isolation and structural characterization of its isostructural, pseudotetrahedral complexes with iron, cobalt, nickel, and zinc dihalides featuring eight-membered metallacycles demonstrates the binding ability of the bis(carbene). Reduction of the nickel(II) dibromide with potassium graphite produces a dicoordinate nickel(0) complex that features one of the narrowest angles measured in any unsupported dicoordinate transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan R Faas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roope A Suvinen
- Department of Chemistry, NanoScience Centre, University of Jyvӓskylӓ, Jyvӓskylӓ, Finland
| | - Heikki M Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, NanoScience Centre, University of Jyvӓskylӓ, Jyvӓskylӓ, Finland.
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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7
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Li TY, Zheng SJ, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Two-Coordinate Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Coinage Metal Complexes: Molecular Design, Photophysical Characters, and Device Application. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4332-4392. [PMID: 38546341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the first green light emission from a fluorescent thin-film organic light emitting diode (OLED) in the mid-1980s, a global consumer market for OLED displays has flourished over the past few decades. This growth can primarily be attributed to the development of noble metal phosphorescent emitters that facilitated remarkable gains in electrical conversion efficiency, a broadened color gamut, and vibrant image quality for OLED displays. Despite these achievements, the limited abundance of noble metals in the Earth's crust has spurred ongoing efforts to discover cost-effective electroluminescent materials. One particularly promising avenue is the exploration of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), a mechanism with the potential to fully harness excitons in OLEDs. Recently, investigations have unveiled TADF in a series of two-coordinate coinage metal (Cu, Ag, and Au) complexes. These organometallic TADF materials exhibit distinctive behavior in comparison to their organic counterparts. They offer benefits such as tunable emissive colors, short TADF emission lifetimes, high luminescent quantum yields, and reasonable stability. Impressively, both vacuum-deposited and solution-processed OLEDs incorporating these materials have achieved outstanding performance. This review encompasses various facets on two-coordinate TADF coinage metal complexes, including molecular design, photophysical characterizations, elucidation of structure-property relationships, and OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shu-Jia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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8
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Talcik J, Serrato MR, Del Vecchio A, Colombel-Rouen S, Morvan J, Roisnel T, Jazzar R, Melaimi M, Bertrand G, Mauduit M. Cyclic (amino)(barrelene)carbene Ru-complexes: synthesis and reactivity in olefin metathesis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5346-5350. [PMID: 38450432 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of ruthenium-complexes with cyclic (amino)(barrelene)carbenes (namely CABCs) as ligands is reported. Isolated in moderate to good yields, these new complexes showed impressive thermal stability at 110 °C over several days. Good catalytic performances were demonstrated in various ring-closing metathesis (RCM), macrocyclic-RCM, ring-closing enyne metathesis (RCEYM), cross-metathesis (CM), and ring-opening cross metathesis (ROCM) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Talcik
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Melinda R Serrato
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Antonio Del Vecchio
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Colombel-Rouen
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Jennifer Morvan
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Marc Mauduit
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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9
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Nayak MK, Elvers BJ, Mehta S, Krummenacher I, Mondal A, Braunschweig H, Schulzke C, Ravat P, Jana A. Bis-[cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene]-derived diradicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1739-1742. [PMID: 38240479 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05779h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Crystalline polymeric structures of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene bridged N-tethered bis-CAACs in the form of their LiOTf adducts were synthesized and isolated. These were further used as building blocks for the synthesis of crystalline (amino)(carboxy)-based diradicals. The triplet diradical character of these compounds was unambiguously confirmed by the presence of a half-field signal in their EPR spectra. Theoretical calculations show that the singlet state is marginally more stable than the triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500107, India.
| | - Benedict J Elvers
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sakshi Mehta
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Abhishake Mondal
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Prince Ravat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500107, India.
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10
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Touj N, Mazars F, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Aldiminium and 1,2,3-triazolium dithiocarboxylate zwitterions derived from cyclic (alkyl)(amino) and mesoionic carbenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1947-1956. [PMID: 38170157 PMCID: PMC10760461 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of zwitterionic dithiocarboxylate adducts was achieved by deprotonating various aldiminium or 1,2,3-triazolium salts with a strong base, followed by the nucleophilic addition of the in situ-generated cyclic (alkyl)(amino) or mesoionic carbenes (CAACs or MICs) onto carbon disulfide. Nine novel compounds were isolated and fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, and HRMS techniques. Moreover, the molecular structures of two CAAC·CS2 and two MIC·CS2 betaines were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The analytical data recorded for all these adducts were compared with those reported previously for related NHC·CS2 betaines derived from imidazolinium or (benz)imidazolium salts. Due to the absence of electronic communication between the CS2 unit and the orthogonal heterocycle, all the CAAC·CS2, MIC·CS2, and NHC·CS2 zwitterions displayed similar electronic properties and featured the same bite angle. Yet, their steric properties are liable to ample modifications by varying the exact nature of their cationic heterocycle and its substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Touj
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - François Mazars
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidad de Difracción de Rayos X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostella, Edificio CACTUS, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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11
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Gawin R, Tracz A, Krajczy P, Kozakiewicz-Piekarz A, Martínez JP, Trzaskowski B. Inhibition of the Decomposition Pathways of Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Development of Highly Efficient Catalysts for Ethenolysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37916946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based Hoveyda-type olefin metathesis catalysts bearing novel rigid spirocyclic alkyl amino carbenes (CAACs) have been developed. They are characterized by exceptional stability toward decomposition through β-elimination and bimolecular pathways, thus enabling unprecedented efficiency in the cross-metathesis of seed oil-derived fatty acid esters with ethylene (ethenolysis). Catalyst loading as low as 100 ppb was applied to the ethenolysis of the model substrate methyl oleate, leading to a remarkable turnover number (TON) of 2.6 million, significantly higher than previously reported (TON 340 000 at 1 ppm and 744 000 at 0.5 ppm catalyst loading). Ethenolysis of methyl esters derived from high oleic sunflower oil and rapeseed oil, readily available on an industrial scale, inexpensive, and renewable feedstocks, was for the first time effectively carried out with 0.5 ppm catalyst loading with TON as high as 964 000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Gawin
- Apeiron Synthesis SA, Duńska 9, 54-427 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tracz
- Apeiron Synthesis SA, Duńska 9, 54-427 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Juan Pablo Martínez
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
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12
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Park J, Kim J, Jeong GY, Kim Y, Lee E. Uncovering Nitrosyl Reactivity at N-Heterocyclic Carbene Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202314978. [PMID: 37917039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have garnered much attention due to their unique properties, such as strong σ-donating and π-accepting abilities, as well as their transition-metal-like reactivity toward small molecules. In 2015, we discovered that NHCs can react with nitric oxide (NO) gas to form radical adducts that resemble transition metal nitrosyl complexes. To elucidate the analogy between NHC and transition metal NO adducts, here we have undertaken a systematic investigation of the electron- and proton-transfer chemistry of [NHC-NO]⋅ (N-heterocyclic carbene nitric oxide radical) compounds. We have accessed a suite of compounds, comprised of [NHC-NO]+ , [NHC-NO]- , [NHC-NOH]0 , and [NHC-NHOH]+ species. In particular, [NHC-NO]- was isolated as potassium and lithium ion adducts. Most interestingly, a monomeric potassium [NHC-NO]- compound was isolated with the assistance of 18-crown-6, which is the first instance of a monomeric alkali N-oxyl compound to the best of our knowledge. Our results demonstrate that [NHC-NO]⋅ exhibits redox behavior broadly similar to metal nitrosyl complexes, which opens up more possibilities for utilizing NHCs to build on the known reactivity of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbeom Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaelim Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Yoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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13
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Li S, Feng S, Zhou Y, Liu C, Chen B, Xing X. Development of Highly Enantio- and Z-Selective Grubbs Catalysts via Controllable C-H Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22745-22752. [PMID: 37800981 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric olefin metathesis is a powerful strategy for stereocontrolled synthesis that allows the formation of chiral elements in conjunction with carbon-carbon double bonds. Here, we report a new series of cyclometalated stereogenic-at-Ru catalysts that enable highly efficient asymmetric ring opening/cross-metathesis (AROCM) and asymmetric ring-closing metathesis (ARCM) reactions. Single enantiomers of these catalysts with either right-handed or left-handed configurations at the Ru center can be easily accessed via highly stereoselective C-H bond activation-based cyclometalation. Right-handed chiral Ru catalysts enabled the Z- and enantioselective AROCM of a wide range of norbornenes and terminal alkenes, generating densely functionalized cyclopentanes with excellent stereo- and enantioselectivities (99:1 Z/E, up to 99% ee). Left-handed chiral Ru catalysts enabled the facile ARCM of sterically unhindered, all-terminal prochiral trienes, which had not been achieved by previous Ru catalysts, providing simple cyclic ethers and amides with tertiary or quaternary carbon stereocenters with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shijie Feng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiangyou Xing
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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14
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Sytniczuk A, Struzik F, Grela K, Kajetanowicz A. A tunable family of CAAC-ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts modularly derived from a large-scale produced ibuprofen intermediate. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10744-10755. [PMID: 37829018 PMCID: PMC10566500 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of tunable CAAC-based ruthenium benzylidene complexes with increased lipophilicity derived from a ketone being a large-scale produced key substrate for a popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-ibuprofen was obtained and tested in various olefin metathesis transformations. As a group, these catalysts exhibited higher activity than their known analogues containing a smaller and less lipophilic phenyl substituent on the α-carbon atom, but in individual reactions, the size of the N-aryl moiety was revealed as a decisive factor. For example, in the cross-metathesis of methyl oleate with ethylene (ethenolysis)-a reaction with growing industrial potential-the best results were obtained when the N-aryl contained an isopropyl or tert-butyl substituent in the ortho position. At the same time, in the RCM, CM, and self-CM transformations involving larger olefinic substrates, the catalysts with smaller aryl-bearing CAAC ligands, where methyl and ethyl groups occupy ortho, ortho' positions performed better. This offers a great deal of tunability and allows for selection of the best catalyst for a given reaction while keeping the general structure (and manufacturing method) of the ibuprofen-intermediate derived CAAC ligand the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sytniczuk
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Filip Struzik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
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15
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Podchorodecka P, Dziuk B, Szostak R, Szostak M, Bisz E. IPr* Oxa - a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible N,C-chelating oxazole-donor N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13608-13617. [PMID: 37698540 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a major direction in ancillary ligand development for stabilization of reactive metal centers in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. In particular, wingtip-flexible NHCs have attracted significant attention due to their unique ability to provide a sterically-demanding environment for transition metals in various oxidation states. Herein, we report a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible NHC ligands that feature N,C-chelating oxazole donors. These ligands are readily accessible through a modular arylation of oxazole derivatives. We report their synthesis and complete structural and electronic characterization. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties and coordination chemistry to Ag(I), Pd(II) and Rh(I) is described. Preliminary studies of catalytic activity in Ag, Pd and Rh-catalyzed coupling and hydrosilylation reactions are presented. This study establishes the fluxional behavior of a freely-rotatable oxazole unit, wherein the oxazolyl ring adjusts to the steric and electronic environment of the metal center. Considering the tremendous impact of sterically-hindered NHCs and their potential to stabilize reactive metals by N-chelation, we expect that this class of NHC ligands will be of broad interest in inorganic and organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Podchorodecka
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
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16
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Grzesiński Ł, Milewski M, Nadirova M, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K. Unexpected Latency of Z-Stereoretentive Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing Unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic Carbene or Cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligands. Organometallics 2023; 42:2453-2459. [PMID: 37772273 PMCID: PMC10526643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
A set of ruthenium complexes bearing a CAAC or uNHC ligand and a dithiocatechol fragment have been obtained and characterized spectroscopically. The activity and Z-selectivity of the newly obtained catalysts were studied in selected model CM, self-CM, and RCM olefin metathesis reactions. Intriguingly, and in contrast to structurally related NHC-bearing catalysts Ru4a and Ru4b, the CAAC and uNHC analogues showed no or only very little activity in olefin metathesis. Interestingly, despite being not productive in metathesis reactions conducted in solution, Ru8 enabled the synthesis of a model 16-membered macrocyclic lactone of valuable musk smell with excellent chemoselectivity (no C-C double-bond migration was observed) at a concentration 40 times higher than that typically used by organic chemists in similar macrocyclizations (200 mM instead of 5 mM) with excellent Z-selectivity. Unfortunately, also here the conversion was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Grzesiński
- Biological and Chemical Research
Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Milewski
- Biological and Chemical Research
Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maryana Nadirova
- Biological and Chemical Research
Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological and Chemical Research
Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research
Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Diekamp J, Seidensticker T. Synthesis Strategies towards Tagged Homogeneous Catalysts To Improve Their Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304223. [PMID: 37167065 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of homogeneous catalysts while keeping them in the homogeneous matrix is an ongoing challenge many reactions face if they are to find industrial applications. While a plethora of different synthetic approaches towards better, recyclable homogeneous catalysts exist, the literature shows a gap when one searches for a concise overview of the different catalyst modifications. This Review is designed to close that gap by summarising the existing synthesis pathways towards polar, non-polar, fluorous, and molecular-weight-enlarged catalysts and by examining their respective synthesis routes with a focus on modular and late-stage approaches. Furthermore, we map out the potential for a generally applicable tag library that allows straightforward catalyst modifications to tune them for each desired recycling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Diekamp
- TU Dortmund University, Department for Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Seidensticker
- TU Dortmund University, Department for Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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18
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Jensen KH, Michel BW. Steric Modulation of CAACs Controls Orientation and Ethenolysis Performance. CHEM CATALYSIS 2023; 3:100764. [PMID: 38434759 PMCID: PMC10906913 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2023.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In this issue of Chem Catalysis, Sytniczuk, Kajetanowicz, and Grela report sterically tuned Cyclic(Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene (CAAC) ligands to protect the requisite Ru-methylidene ([Ru]=CH2) intermediate present during ethenolysis of renewable fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Surprising structural characteristics of the Ru-CAAC complexes resulted in TON up to 740,000 and sub-ppm catalyst loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina H. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, 57799, United States
| | - Brian W. Michel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, United States
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19
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Wang D, Lang W, Wang W, Zou Q, Yang C, Liu F, Zhao T. CuH-Catalyzed Selective N-Methylation of Amines Using Paraformaldehyde as a C1 Source. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30640-30645. [PMID: 37636962 PMCID: PMC10448681 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Copper hydride (CuH) complexes have been proposed as key intermediates in synthesis and catalysis. Herein, we developed a highly efficient strategy for CuH-catalyzed N-methylation of aromatic and aliphatic amines using paraformaldehyde and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) under mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeded smoothly without additives to furnish the corresponding N-methylated products using cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC)CuH as a reaction intermediate, which results from a reaction between PMHS and (CAAC)CuCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diedie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Wanglv Lang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Wan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Qizhuang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Chunliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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20
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Ou X, Occhipinti G, Boisvert EJY, Jensen VR, Fogg DE. Mesomeric Acceleration Counters Slow Initiation of Ruthenium-CAAC Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis (CAAC = Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino) Carbene). ACS Catal 2023; 13:5315-5325. [PMID: 37123599 PMCID: PMC10127214 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium catalysts bearing cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands can attain very high productivities in olefin metathesis, owing to their resistance to unimolecular decomposition. Because the propagating methylidene species RuCl2(CAAC)(=CH2) is extremely susceptible to bimolecular decomposition, however, turnover numbers in the metathesis of terminal olefins are highly sensitive to catalyst concentration, and hence loadings. Understanding how, why, and how rapidly the CAAC complexes partition between the precatalyst and the active species is thus critical. Examined in a dual experimental-computational study are the rates and basis of initiation for phosphine-free catalysts containing the leading CAAC ligand C1 Ph , in which a CMePh group α to the carbene carbon helps retard degradation. The Hoveyda-class complex HC1 Ph (RuCl2(L)(=CHAr), where L = C1 Ph , Ar = C6H3-2-O i Pr-5-R; R = H) is compared with its nitro-Grela analogue (nG-C1 Ph ; R = NO2) and the classic Hoveyda catalyst HII (L = H2IMes; R = H). t-Butyl vinyl ether (tBuVE) was employed as substrate, to probe the reactivity of these catalysts toward olefins of realistic bulk. Initiation is ca. 100× slower for HC1 Ph than HII in C6D6, or 44× slower in CDCl3. The rate-limiting step for the CAAC catalyst is cycloaddition; for HII, it is tBuVE binding. Initiation is 10-13× faster for nG-C1 Ph than HC1 Ph in either solvent. DFT analysis reveals that this rate acceleration originates in an overlooked role of the nitro group. Rather than weakening the Ru-ether bond, as widely presumed, the NO2 group accelerates the ensuing, rate-limiting cycloaddition step. Faster reaction is caused by long-range mesomeric effects that modulate key bond orders and Ru-ligand distances, and thereby reduce the trans effect between the carbene and the trans-bound alkene in the transition state for cycloaddition. Mesomeric acceleration may plausibly be introduced via any of the ligands present, and hence offers a powerful, tunable control element for catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Ou
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Eliza-Jayne Y. Boisvert
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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21
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Yoon JS, Cena N, Markarian C, Schrodi Y. Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing Hemilabile NHC Ligands: Effect of Remote Torsional Strain on Activity. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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22
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Morvan J, Vermersch F, Zhang Z, Vives T, Roisnel T, Crévisy C, Falivene L, Cavallo L, Vanthuyne N, Bertrand G, Jazzar R, Mauduit M. Ambivalent Role of Rotamers in Cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene Ruthenium Complexes for Enantioselective Ring-Opening Cross-Metathesis. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Morvan
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Vermersch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Vives
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Crévisy
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Laura Falivene
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, 84100 Fisiciano, SA, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - Guy Bertrand
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Marc Mauduit
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
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23
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Mulks FF, Melaimi M, Yan X, Baik MH, Bertrand G. How To Enhance the Efficiency of Breslow Intermediates for SET Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2535-2542. [PMID: 36719963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative carbene organocatalysis, which proceeds via single electron transfer (SET) pathways, has been limited by the moderately reducing properties of deprotonated Breslow intermediates BI-s derived from thiazol-2-ylidene 1 and 1,2,4-triazolylidene 2. Using computational methods, we assess the redox potentials of BI-s based on ten different types of known stable carbenes and report our findings concerning the key parameters influencing the steps of the catalytic cycle. From the calculated values of the first oxidation potential of BI-s derived from carbenes 1 to 10, it appears that, apart from the diamidocarbene 7, all the others are more reducing than thiazol-2-ylidene 1 and the 1,2,4-triazolylidene 2. We observed that while the reducing power of BI-s significantly decreases with increasing solvent polarity, the redox potential of the oxidant can increase at a greater rate, thus facilitating the reaction. The cation, associated with the base, also plays an important role when a nonpolar solvent is used; large and weakly coordinating cations such as Cs+ are beneficial. The radical-radical coupling step is probably the most challenging step due to both electronic and steric constraints. Based on our results, we predict that mesoionic carbene 3 and abnormal NHC 4 are the most promising candidates for oxidative carbene organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian F Mulks
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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24
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Młodzikowska-Pieńko K, Trzaskowski B. Decomposition of Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts: Unsymmetrical N-Heterocyclic Carbenes versus Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Młodzikowska-Pieńko
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Kim H, Lee E. Ambiphilic singlet carbenes: Electron donors and acceptors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
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26
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Fast Initiating Furan-Containing Hoveyda-Type Complexes: Synthesis and Applications in Metathesis Reactions. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new ruthenium complexes with chelating-ether benzylidene ligands bearing a furan moiety were synthesized and characterized, including X-ray crystallography. They initiated fast, also at 0 °C, and were found to be highly active in a variety of ring-closing, ene-yne, and cross-metathesis reactions, including an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) model, which makes them good candidates for the transformation of complex polyfunctional compounds that require mild reaction conditions.
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27
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Yan W, You Z, Meng K, Du F, Zhang S, Jin X. Cross-metathesis of biomass to olefins: Molecular catalysis bridging the gap between fossil and bio-energy. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Musso JV, De Jesus Silva J, Benedikter MJ, Groos J, Frey W, Copéret C, Buchmeiser MR. Cationic molybdenum oxo alkylidenes stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes: from molecular systems to efficient supported metathesis catalysts. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8649-8656. [PMID: 35974748 PMCID: PMC9337747 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic d0 group 6 olefin metathesis catalysts have been recently shown to display in most instances superior activity in comparison to their neutral congeners. Furthermore, their catalytic performance is greatly improved upon immobilization on silica. In this context, we have developed the new family of molecular cationic molybdenum oxo alkylidene complexes stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes of the general formula [Mo(O)(CHCMe3)(IMes)(OR)[X-]] (IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene; R = 1,3-dimesityl-C6H3, C6F5; X- = B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4 -, B(ArF)4, tetrakis(perfluoro-t-butoxy)aluminate (PFTA)). Immobilization of [Mo(O)(CHCMe3)(IMes)(O-1,3-dimesityl-C6H3)+B(ArF)4 -] on silica via surface organometallic chemistry yields an active alkene metathesis catalyst that shows the highest productivity towards terminal olefins amongst all existing molybdenum oxo alkylidene catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis V Musso
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jordan De Jesus Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Mathis J Benedikter
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jonas Groos
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research (DITF) Denkendorf Körschtalstr. 26, 73770 Denkendorf Germany
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29
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Horrer G, Krummenacher I, Mann S, Braunschweig H, Radius U. N-Heterocyclic carbene and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene complexes of vanadium(III) and vanadium(V). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11054-11071. [PMID: 35796195 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
[VCl3(THF)3] offers a convenient entrance point into the chemistry of carbene stabilized V(III) complexes. Herein we report the paramagnetic mono- and biscarbene complexes [VCl3(cAACMe)] 1, [VCl3(cAACMe)(THF)] 1(thf), [VCl3(IMes)] 2, [{VCl2(IiPrMe)(μ-Cl)}2] 3, [VCl3(IDipp)] 4, [VCl3(SIDipp)] 5, [VCl3(SIDipp)(THF)] 5(thf), [VCl3(ItBu)] 6, [VCl3(cAACMe)2] 7 and [VCl3(IiPrMe)2] 8. Reaction of 1 with MesMgCl, MesLi and LiNPh2 afforded the complexes [VCl2(Mes)(cAACMe)] 9, [cAACMeH]+[VCl2Mes2]-10 and [VCl2(NPh2)(cAACMe)] 11. The V(V) complexes [V(O)Cl3(IDipp)] 12 and [V(O)Cl3(SIDipp)] 13 were selectively prepared from oxygen oxidation of 4 and 5. [V(O)Cl3(IDipp)] 12 and [V(O)Cl3(IMes)] react with isocyanates to yield the NHC-ligated imido complexes [V(N-p-CH3C6H4)Cl3(IDipp)] 14, [V(N-p-FC6H4)Cl3(IDipp)] 15, [V(N-p-CH3C6H4)Cl3(SIDipp)] 16, [V(N-p-FC6H4)Cl3(SIDipp)] 17, [V(N-p-CH3C6H4)Cl3(IMes)] 18 and [V(N-p-FC6H4)Cl3(IMes)] 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Horrer
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Mann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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30
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Nagyházi M, Lukács Á, Turczel G, Hancsók J, Valyon J, Bényei A, Kéki S, Tuba R. Catalytic Decomposition of Long-Chain Olefins to Propylene via Isomerization-Metathesis Using Latent Bicyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene-Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204413. [PMID: 35420225 PMCID: PMC9400880 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most exciting scientific challenges today is the catalytic degradation of non-biodegradable polymers into value-added chemical feedstocks. The mild pyrolysis of polyolefins, including high-density polyethylene (HDPE), results in pyrolysis oils containing long-chain olefins as major products. In this paper, novel bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ruthenium (BICAAC-Ru) temperature-activated latent olefin metathesis catalysts, which can be used for catalytic decomposition of long-chain olefins to propylene are reported. These thermally stable catalysts show significantly higher selectivity to propylene at a reaction temperature of 75 °C compared to second generation Hoveyda-Grubbs or CAAC-Ru catalysts under ethenolysis conditions. The conversion of long-chain olefins (e.g., 1-octadecene or methyl oleate) to propylene via isomerization-metathesis is performed by using a (RuHCl)(CO)(PPh3 )3 isomerization co-catalyst. The reactions can be carried out at a BICAAC-Ru catalyst loading as low as 1 ppm at elevated reaction temperature (75 °C). The observed turnover number and turnover frequency are as high as 55 000 and 10 000 molpropylene molcatalyst -1 h-1 , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Nagyházi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1519, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Lukács
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1519, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turczel
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1519, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jenő Hancsók
- Research Centre for Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, 8210, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - József Valyon
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1519, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róbert Tuba
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1519, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Kim M, Kim H, Kim S, Hong S, Lee E. Syntheses and Applications of Indol-2-ylidene-Ligated Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minseop Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology. Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology. Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology. Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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32
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Gao Y, Kim N, Mendoza SD, Yazdani S, Faria Vieira A, Liu M, Kendrick A, Grotjahn DB, Bertrand G, Jazzar R, Engle KM. (CAAC)Copper Catalysis Enables Regioselective Three-Component Carboboration of Terminal Alkynes. ACS Catal 2022; 12:7243-7247. [PMID: 37143933 PMCID: PMC10153597 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands are found to perturb regioselectivity of the copper-catalyzed carboboration of terminal alkynes, favoring the less commonly observed internal alkenylboron regiosomer through an α-selective borylcupration step. A variety of carbon electrophiles participate in the reaction, including allyl alcohols derivatives and alkyl halides. The method provides a straightforward and selective route to versatile tri-substituted alkenylboron compounds that are otherwise challenging to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nana Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Skyler D. Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sima Yazdani
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Andre Faria Vieira
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Aaron Kendrick
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Douglas B. Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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33
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Puerta Lombardi BM, Pezoulas ER, Suvinen RA, Harrison A, Dubrawski ZS, Gelfand BS, Tuononen HM, Roesler R. Bis[cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene] isomers: Stable trans-bis(CAAC) versus facile olefin formation for cis-bis(CAAC). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6482-6485. [PMID: 35583166 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isomeric bis(aldiminium) salts with a 1,4-cyclohexylene framework were synthesized. The first isolable bis(CAAC) was prepared from the trans-stereoisomer and its ditopic ligand competency was proven by conversion to iridium(I) and rhodium(I) complexes. Upon deprotonation, the cis-isomer yielded an electron rich olefin via a classic, proton-catalyzed pathway. The CC bond formation from the desired cis-bis(CAAC) was shown to be thermodynamically very favorable and to involve a small activation barrier. Compounds that can be described as insertion products of the cis-bis(CAAC) into the E-H bonds of NH3, CH3CN and H2O were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Puerta Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ethan R Pezoulas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Roope A Suvinen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Alexander Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Zachary S Dubrawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Heikki M Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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35
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Maiti A, Elvers BJ, Bera S, Lindl F, Krummenacher I, Ghosh P, Braunschweig H, Yildiz CB, Schulzke C, Jana A. Disclosing Cyclic(Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes as One-Electron Reductants: Synthesis of Acyclic(Amino)(Aryl)Carbene-Based Kekulé Diradicaloids. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104567. [PMID: 35262232 PMCID: PMC9321839 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) to be one-electron reductants under the formation of a transient radical cation as indicated by EPR spectroscopy. The disclosed CAAC reducing reactivity was used to synthesize acyclic(amino)(aryl)carbene-based Thiele and Chichibabin hydrocarbons, a new class of Kekulé diradicaloids. The results demonstrate CAACs to be potent organic reductants. Notably, the acyclic(amino)(aryl)carbene-based Chichibabin's hydrocarbon shows an appreciable population of the triplet state at room temperature, as evidenced by both variable-temperature NMR and EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046, TelanganaIndia
| | - Benedict J. Elvers
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Sachinath Bera
- Department of ChemistryRamakrishna Mission Residential College NarendrapurKolkata700103India
- Shahid Matangini Hazra Govt General Degree College for Women TamlukPurba Medinipur721649India
| | - Felix Lindl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryRamakrishna Mission Residential College NarendrapurKolkata700103India
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal PlantsAksaray UniversityAksaray68100Turkey
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046, TelanganaIndia
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36
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Zhang J, Li T, Li X, Lv A, Li X, Wang Z, Wang R, Ma Y, Fang R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Thiazol-2-ylidenes as N-Heterocyclic carbene ligands with enhanced electrophilicity for transition metal catalysis. Commun Chem 2022; 5:60. [PMID: 36697942 PMCID: PMC9814509 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a dominant direction in ligand development in transition metal catalysis. In particular, strong σ-donation in combination with tunable steric environment make NHCs to be among the most common ligands used for C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation. Herein, we report the study on steric and electronic properties of thiazol-2-ylidenes. We demonstrate that the thiazole heterocycle and enhanced π-electrophilicity result in a class of highly active carbene ligands for electrophilic cyclization reactions to form valuable oxazoline heterocycles. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties as well as structural characterization and coordination chemistry is presented. This mode of catalysis can be applied to late-stage drug functionalization to furnish attractive building blocks for medicinal chemistry. Considering the key role of N-heterocyclic ligands, we anticipate that N-aryl thiazol-2-ylidenes will be of broad interest as ligands in modern chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Tao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Anqi Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology Transfer, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ran Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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37
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liu T, Fang S, Wang R, Ma Y, Fang R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Application of Indazolin-3-ylidenes in Catalysis: Steric Tuning of Nonclassical Formally Normal N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with Dual Electronic Character for Catalysis. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology Transfer, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ran Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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38
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Tyszka-Gumkowska A, Purohit VB, Nienałtowski T, Dąbrowski M, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K. Testing enabling techniques for olefin metathesis reactions of lipophilic substrates in water as a diluent. iScience 2022; 25:104131. [PMID: 35434568 PMCID: PMC9010768 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Olefin metathesis reactions of diverse polyfunctional substrates were conducted in water emulsions using two hydrophobic ruthenium catalysts in the presence of air. Instead of using surfactants to increase the efficiency of the metathesis reaction in water, ultrasound and microwave techniques were tested on a small-scale reaction, whereas conventional heating and mechanical stirring were effective enough to provide high conversion and selectivity on a larger scale. The developed conditions extend known protocols for the aqueous metathesis methodology, utilizing relatively low catalyst loadings and allowing for simple product isolation and purification. The established synthetic protocol was successfully adopted in the large-scale synthesis of a pharmaceutically related product – sildenafil (Viagra) derivative. Sustainable approach for metathesis reaction in water emulsion system on air. Utilization of enabling techniques for boosting metathesis under aqueous conditions. RCM of medically important sildenafil derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Tyszka-Gumkowska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vishal B Purohit
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nienałtowski
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.,Polpharma SA Pharmaceutical Works, Pelplińska 19, 83-200 Starogard Gdański, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Nagyházi M, Lukács Á, Turczel G, Hancsók J, Valyon J, Bényei A, Kéki S, Tuba R. Catalytic Decomposition of Long‐Chain Olefins to Propylene via Isomerization‐Metathesis Using Latent Bicyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene‐Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Márton Nagyházi
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont Institute of Material and Environmental Chemistry HUNGARY
| | - Ádám Lukács
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont Institute of Material and Environmental Chemistry HUNGARY
| | - Gábor Turczel
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Magyar Tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest HUNGARY
| | - Jenő Hancsók
- University of Pannonia: Pannon Egyetem Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering HUNGARY
| | - József Valyon
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont Institute of Material and Environmental Chemistry HUNGARY
| | - Attila Bényei
- University of Debrecen: Debreceni Egyetem Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry HUNGARY
| | - Sándor Kéki
- University of Debrecen: Debreceni Egyetem Department of Applied Chemistry HUNGARY
| | - Robert Tuba
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Magyar tudosok korutja 2. 1117 Budapest HUNGARY
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Kumar Kushvaha S, Mishra A, Roesky HW, Chandra Mondal K. Recent Advances in the Domain of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino) Carbenes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101301. [PMID: 34989475 PMCID: PMC9307053 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of cyclic (alkyl) amino carbenes (cAACs) in 2005 has been a major achievement in the field of stable carbenes due to their better electronic properties. cAACs and bicyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (BicAAC) in essence are the most electrophilic as well as nucleophilic carbenes are known till date. Due to their excellent electronic properties in terms of nucleophilic and electrophilic character, cAACs have been utilized in different areas of chemistry, including stabilization of low valent main group and transition metal species, activation of small molecules, and catalysis. The applications of cAACs in catalysis have opened up new avenues of research in the field of cAAC chemistry. This review summarizes the major results of cAAC chemistry published until August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankush Mishra
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryTammannstrasse 4D-37077GöttingenGermany
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Karnamkkott HS, Gorantla SMNVT, Devi K, Tiwari G, Mondal KC. Bonding and stability of dinitrogen-bonded donor base-stabilized Si(0)/Ge(0) species [(cAAC Me-Si/Ge) 2(N 2)]: EDA-NOCV analysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4081-4093. [PMID: 35425464 PMCID: PMC8981037 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07714g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, dinitrogen (N2) binding and its activation have been achieved by non-metal compounds like intermediate cAAC-borylene as (cAAC)2(B-Dur)2(N2) [cAAC = cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene; Dur = aryl group, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl; B-Dur = borylene]. It has attracted a lot of scientific attention from different research areas because of its future prospects as a potent species towards the metal free reduction of N2 into ammonia (NH3) under mild conditions. Two (cAAC)(B-Dur) units, each of which possesses six valence electrons around the B-centre, are shown to accept σ-donations from the N2 ligand (B ← N2). Two B-Dur further provide π-backdonations (B → N2) to a central N2 ligand to strengthen the B–N2–B bond, providing maximum stability to the compound (cAAC)2(B-Dur)2(N2) since the summation of each pair wise interaction accounted for the total stabilization energy of the molecule. (cAAC)(B-Dur) unit is isolobal to cAAC–E (E = Si, Ge) fragment. Herein, we report on the stability and bonding of cAAC–E bonded N2-complex (cAAC–E)2(N2) (1–2; Si, Ge) by NBO, QTAIM and EDA-NOCV analyses (EDA-NOCV = energy decomposition analysis coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence; QTAIM = quantum theory of atoms in molecule). Our calculation suggested that syntheses of elusive (cAAC–E)2(N2) (1–2; Si, Ge) species may be possible with cAAC ligands having bulky substitutions adjacent to the CcAAC atom by preventing the homo-dimerization of two (cAAC)(E) units which can lead to the formation of (cAAC–E)2. The formation of E
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E bond is thermodynamically more favourable (E = Si, Ge) over binding energy of N2 inbetween two cAAC–E units. Dinitrogen (N2) binding and its activation have been achieved by non-metal compounds like intermediate cAACborylene with the general formula of (cAAC)2(B-Dur)2(N2) [cAAC = cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene; Dur = aryl group, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl; B-Dur = aryl-borylene].![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha S Karnamkkott
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | | | - Kavita Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Geetika Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
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Kaps A, Foro S, Plenio H. Bi- and trimetallic complexes with macrocyclic xanthene-4,5-diNHC ligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2464-2479. [PMID: 35048930 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03857e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three different types of bimetallic NHC-metal complexes were synthesized, whose NHC units are attached at the 4,5-positions of xanthene. The NHC units are in close proximity and are designed such that each carbene coordinates one ML unit, while the chelation of one metal by two NHC is not possible. Several xanthene-((NHC)ML)2 complexes with ML = RhCl(cod), IrCl(cod), RhCl(CO)2, IrCl(CO)2, AuCl, AgCl, CuCl and Pd(allyl)Cl were synthesized and investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kaps
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Sabine Foro
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands: Electronic structure and application as chemically- and redox-non-innocent ligands and chromophores. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Aşkun M, Sagdic K, Inci F, Öztürk B. Olefin Metathesis in Confined Spaces: The Encapsulation of Hoveyda-Grubbs Catalyst in Peanut, Square, and Capsule Shaped Hollow Silica Gels. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd generation (HG2) catalyst was encapsulated in hollow mesoporous silica gels with various morphologies (peanut, square, and capsule) by reducing the pore size of the mesoporous...
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Byun S, Park DA, Kim S, Kim S, Ryu JY, Lee J, Hong S. Highly selective ethenolysis with acyclic-aminooxycarbene ruthenium catalysts. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acyclic carbene–ruthenium catalysts were developed for the ethenolysis. Remarkable catalytic efficiency (turnover numbers of 100 000) and excellent α-olefin selectivity (up to 98%) were exhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Byun
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Ae Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Huang Z, Wang R, Sheng T, Zhong X, Wang S, Zhu X, Yuan Q, Wei Y, Zhou S. Transformation of the sp 2 Carbanion to Carbene with Subsequent 1,1-Migratory Insertion and Nucleophilic Substitution in Rare-Earth Metal Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18843-18853. [PMID: 34846129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of Fischer-type electrophilic carbene chemistry with early transition metals has been a great challenge due to the fact that such metals in their high oxidation states lack the d electrons to stabilize the electrophilic carbene. Herein, we disclose the first experimental and theoretical findings of in situ transformation of an sp2 carbanion to a Fischer-type electrophilic carbene with rare-earth metals in their high oxidation state with a d0 electron via electron transfer. The carbene may undergo 1,1-migratory insertion into an adjacent RE-C(sp3) bond, and an unprecedented ring opening of the indole ring of the ligand occurs when the carbenes undergo nucleophilic substitution with a special organolithium reagent o-Me2NC6H4CH2Li. The key to success is the uniquely tailored novel ligand systems featuring a suitable conjugate building block (-C═C-C═N) bearing an sp2 carbanion connected to the rare-earth metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Ruru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Tian Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China.,Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Qingbing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
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Gonsales SA, Mueller ZC, Zhao F, Paioti PHS, Karmazin L, Wan J, Liu F, Houk KN, Hoveyda AH. Cross-metathesis of Allenes. Mechanistic Analysis and Identification of a Ru-CAAC as the Most Effective Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20640-20644. [PMID: 34846867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of cross-metathesis between two different allenes is disclosed. First- and second-generation Ru complexes were found to be ineffective, at most affording only oligomeric products. The exception was a first-generation complex bearing a bidentate phenyl isopropoxy ligand (i.e., PCy3 is not released upon initiation), reactions with which afforded a 1,3-disubstituted allenyl boronate in 22% yield. On the basis of mechanistic studies designed to gain deeper understanding of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of different Ru catalysts, it was discovered that phosphine-free Ru-CAAC complexes have the steric and electronic attributes to be highly effective. The results of these investigations pave the way for development of additional olefin metathesis reactions that generate allenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A Gonsales
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Zoé C Mueller
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fengyue Zhao
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Paulo H S Paioti
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydia Karmazin
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amir H Hoveyda
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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Shibahara F, Shibata Y, Murai T. Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridinylidenes as π-Accepting NHC Ligands in Catalysis. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Shibahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshifuru Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Murai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Nouaille A, Lorkowski J, Pannecoucke X, Mauduit M, Poisson T, Couve-Bonnaire S. Metal-Catalyzed Metathesis of Fluorinated Alkenes: Still a Current Major Challenge. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Nouaille
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jan Lorkowski
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marc Mauduit
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes 75231 Paris, France
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