1
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Huang Y, Zhao C, Zhang B, Li H, Zhao J. Marriage of Organic and Grubbs Catalysts for Tandem Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polyesters. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1711-1717. [PMID: 38039396 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) have gained wide attention for their special characters, such as rigid main/side chains, stemming from the exceedingly high graft density. This study aims to provide a simple synthetic approach to BBPs with polyester side chains by merging ring-opening alternating copolymerization (ROAP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). A simple phosphazene base (tBuP1) is employed for the ROAP of phthalic anhydride and epoxide, after which Grubbs third-generation catalyst (G3) is added to in situ switch on ROMP of the macromonomer, i.e., norbornenyl-ended alternating polyester. The compatibility of tBuP1 with G3 and well-controlled ROMP is evidenced by DOSY-NMR of mixed catalysts, characterization of BBPs, and side-chain degradation. The method can also be extended to BBPs with one-step synthesized block copolyesters side chains. These results highlight the strength of the non-nucleophilic organobase catalyst for convenient construction of complex (degradable) polymers with compositional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenke Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Boru Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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2
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Cormier S, Fogg DE. Probing Catalyst Degradation in Metathesis of Internal Olefins: Expanding Access to Amine-Tagged ROMP Polymers. ACS Catal 2023; 13:11834-11840. [PMID: 37671179 PMCID: PMC10476157 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-promoted ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) offers potentially powerful routes to amine-functionalized polymers with antimicrobial, adhesive, and self-healing properties. However, amines readily degrade the methylidene and unsubstituted ruthenacyclobutane intermediates formed in metathesis of terminal olefins. Examined herein is the relevance of these decomposition pathways to ROMP (i.e., metathesis of internal olefins) by the third-generation Grubbs catalyst. Primary alkylamines rapidly quench polymerization via fast adduct formation, followed by nucleophilic abstraction of the propagating alkylidene. Bulkier, Brønsted-basic amines are less aggressive: attack competes only for slow polymerization or strong bases (e.g., DBU). Added HCl limits degradation, as demonstrated by the successful ROMP of an otherwise intractable methylamine monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha
K. Cormier
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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3
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Liang Y, Sullivan HL, Carrow K, Mesfin JM, Korpanty J, Worthington K, Luo C, Christman KL, Gianneschi NC. Inflammation-Responsive Micellar Nanoparticles from Degradable Polyphosphoramidates for Targeted Delivery to Myocardial Infarction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11185-11194. [PMID: 37184379 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles that undergo a localized morphology change to target areas of inflammation have been previously developed but are limited by their lack of biodegradability. In this paper, we describe a low-ring-strain cyclic olefin monomer, 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenoxy-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphepine 2-oxide (MePTDO), that rapidly polymerizes via ring-opening metathesis polymerization at room temperature to generate well-defined degradable polyphosphoramidates with high monomer conversion (>84%). Efficient MePTDO copolymerizations with norbornene-based monomers are demonstrated, including a norbornenyl monomer functionalized with a peptide substrate for inflammation-associated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The resulting amphiphilic peptide brush copolymers self-assembled in aqueous solution to generate micellar nanoparticles (30 nm in diameter) which exhibit excellent cyto- and hemocompatibility and undergo MMP-induced assembly into micron-scale aggregates. As MMPs are upregulated in the heart postmyocardial infarction (MI), the MMP-responsive micelles were applied to target and accumulate in the infarcted heart following intravenous administration in a rat model of MI. These particles displayed a distinct biodistribution and clearance pattern in comparison to nondegradable analogues. Specifically, accumulation at the site of MI competed with elimination predominantly through the kidney rather than the liver. Together, these results suggest this as a promising new biodegradable platform for inflammation targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Holly L Sullivan
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering and the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kendal Carrow
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua M Mesfin
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering and the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Joanna Korpanty
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kendra Worthington
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering and the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Colin Luo
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering and the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Karen L Christman
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering and the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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4
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Albitz K, Csókás D, Dobi Z, Pápai I, Soós T. Late-Stage Formal Double C-H Oxidation of Prenylated Molecules to Alkylidene Oxetanes and Azetidines by Strain-Enabled Cross-Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216879. [PMID: 36629402 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Prenylation is a ubiquitous late-stage modification in nature that often confers significantly improved bioactivity for secondary metabolites. While this lipophilic modification renders enhanced potency, the lipophilic tag(s) can diminish bioavailability and adversely alter drug transportation and metabolism. Thus, a functional-group-tolerant, mild, and selective late-stage C-H functionalization of prenyl tags would present a great potential in drug discovery programs but could also impact other fields, such as agrochemistry and chemical biology. Herein we report an exocyclic-strain-driven cross-metathesis reaction of prenyl tags, a formal double C-H oxidation protocol, that can be used for the selective late-stage derivatization of prenylated compounds and natural products. This methodology avoids the need for prefunctionalization of target molecules and affords ready access to an unprecedented library of oxo- and aza-prenylated complex molecules. Thus, in a broader context, this methodology extends late-stage functionalization beyond that available to nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Albitz
- Organocatalysis Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/A Pázmány Péter sétány, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Dobi
- Organocatalysis Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Organocatalysis Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Boisvert EJY, Max HC, Fogg DE. Rapid Aerial Oxidation of Ruthenium-Dithiocatecholate Catalysts: A Challenge to Stereoretentive Olefin Metathesis. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza-Jayne Y. Boisvert
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Harrison C. Max
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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6
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Schunck NS, Mecking S. In Vivo Olefin Metathesis in Microalgae Upgrades Lipids to Building Blocks for Polymers and Chemicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211285. [PMID: 36062952 PMCID: PMC9827892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable sources are key to future chemicals production. Microalgae are promising resources as they fixate carbon dioxide to organic molecules by photosynthesis. Thereby they produce unsaturated fatty acids as established raw materials for the industrial production of chemical building blocks. Although these renewable feedstocks are generated inside cells, their catalytic upgrading to useful products requires in vitro transformations. A synthetic catalysis inside photoautotrophic cells has remained elusive. Here we show that a catalytic conversion of renewable substrates can be realized directly inside living microalgae. Organometallic catalysts remain active inside the cells, enabling in vivo catalytic olefin metathesis as new-to-nature transformation. Stored lipids are converted to long-chain dicarboxylates as valuable building blocks for polymers. This is a key step towards the long-term goal of producing desired renewable chemicals in microalgae as living "cellular factories".
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S. Schunck
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078464KonstanzGermany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078464KonstanzGermany
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7
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Kuanr N, Gilmour DJ, Gildenast H, Perry MR, Schafer LL. Amine-Containing Monomers for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Understanding Chelate Effects in Aryl- and Alkylamine-Functionalized Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalendu Kuanr
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Damon J. Gilmour
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hans Gildenast
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mitchell R. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Occhipinti G, Nascimento DL, Foscato M, Fogg DE, Jensen VR. The Janus face of high trans-effect carbenes in olefin metathesis: gateway to both productivity and decomposition. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5107-5117. [PMID: 35655574 PMCID: PMC9093171 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00855f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium–cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) catalysts, used at ppm levels, can enable dramatically higher productivities in olefin metathesis than their N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) predecessors. A key reason is the reduced susceptibility of the metallacyclobutane (MCB) intermediate to decomposition via β-H elimination. The factors responsible for promoting or inhibiting β-H elimination are explored via density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in metathesis of ethylene or styrene (a representative 1-olefin) by Ru–CAAC and Ru–NHC catalysts. Natural bond orbital analysis of the frontier orbitals confirms the greater strength of the orbital interactions for the CAAC species, and the consequent increase in the carbene trans influence and trans effect. The higher trans effect of the CAAC ligands inhibits β-H elimination by destabilizing the transition state (TS) for decomposition, in which an agostic MCB Cβ–H bond is positioned trans to the carbene. Unproductive cycling with ethylene is also curbed, because ethylene is trans to the carbene ligand in the square pyramidal TS for ethylene metathesis. In contrast, metathesis of styrene proceeds via a ‘late’ TS with approximately trigonal bipyramidal geometry, in which carbene trans effects are reduced. Importantly, however, the positive impact of a strong trans-effect ligand in limiting β-H elimination is offset by its potent accelerating effect on bimolecular coupling, a major competing means of catalyst decomposition. These two decomposition pathways, known for decades to limit productivity in olefin metathesis, are revealed as distinct, antinomic, responses to a single underlying phenomenon. Reconciling these opposing effects emerges as a clear priority for design of robust, high-performing catalysts. In ruthenium catalysts for olefin metathesis, carbene ligands of high trans influence/effect suppress decomposition via β-H elimination, but increase susceptibility to bimolecular decomposition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Daniel L Nascimento
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Deryn E Fogg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway .,Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Vidar R Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
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9
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Angelucci F, Cirillo D, Bjørsvik HR. Imidazole backbone functionalization with olefin crossmetathesis. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- University of Bergen: Universitetet i Bergen Department of Chemistry Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen NORWAY
| | - Davide Cirillo
- University of Bergen: Universitetet i Bergen Department of Chemistry Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen NORWAY
| | - Hans-René Bjørsvik
- University of Bergen Department of Chemistry Allegaten 41 N-5007 Bergen NORWAY
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10
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Archer WR, Dinges GE, MacNicol PL, Schulz MD. Synthesis of bottlebrush polymers based on poly( N-sulfonyl aziridine) macromonomers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized bottlebrush polymers with polyaziridine brushes and a polynorbornene backbone by a grafting-through approach. The polyaziridine macromonomer aggregates in solution, but these aggregates disperse over the course of the polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Archer
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Grace E. Dinges
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Piper L. MacNicol
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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11
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Kravchenko A, Timmer BJJ, Inge AK, Biedermann M, Ramström O. Stable CAAC‐based Ruthenium Complexes for Dynamic Olefin Metathesis Under Mild Conditions. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kravchenko
- Department of Chemistry KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Brian J. J. Timmer
- Department of Chemistry KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Ken Inge
- Stockholm University Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C S-10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maurice Biedermann
- Department of Chemistry KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell One University Ave. Lowell MA 01854 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Linnaeus University SE-39182 Kalmar Sweden
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12
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Toward E-selective Olefin Metathesis: Computational Design and Experimental Realization of Ruthenium Thio-Indolate Catalysts. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe selective transformation of 1-alkenes into E-olefins is a long-standing challenge in olefin metathesis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict high E-selectivity for catalysts incorporating a bidentate, dianionic thio-indolate ligand within a RuXX’(NHC)(py)(= CHR) platform (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; py = pyridine). Such complexes are predicted to yield E-olefins by favoring anti-disposed substituents in the transition state expected to be rate-determining: specifically, that for cycloreversion of the metallacyclobutane intermediate. Three pyridine-stabilized catalysts Ru21a-c were synthesized, in which the thio-indolate ligand bears a H, Me, or Ph substituent at the C2 position, and the NHC ligand is the unsaturated imidazoline-2-ylidene Me2IMes (which bears N-mesityl groups and methyl groups on the C4,5 backbone). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of Ru21c confirms the ligand orientation required for E-selective metathesis, with the thio-indolate sulfur atom binding cis to the NHC, and the indolate nitrogen atom trans to the NHC. However, whereas the new complexes mediated metathetic exchange of their 2-thienylmethylidene ligand in the presence of the common metathesis substrates styrene and allylbenzene, no corresponding self-metathesis products were obtained. Only small amounts of 2-butene (73% (Z)-2-butene) were obtained in self-metathesis of propene using Ru21a. Detailed DFT analysis of this process revealed that product release is surprisingly slow, limiting the reaction rate and explaining the low metathesis activity. With the barrier to dissociation of (Z)-2-butene being lower than that of (E)-2-butene, the calculations also account for the observed Z-selectivity of Ru21a. These findings provide guidelines for catalyst redesign in pursuit of the ambitious goal of E-selective 1-alkene metathesis.
Graphic abstract
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13
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Nascimento D, Foscato M, Occhipinti G, Jensen VR, Fogg DE. Bimolecular Coupling in Olefin Metathesis: Correlating Structure and Decomposition for Leading and Emerging Ruthenium-Carbene Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11072-11079. [PMID: 34270895 PMCID: PMC8397316 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bimolecular catalyst decomposition is a fundamental, long-standing challenge in olefin metathesis. Emerging ruthenium-cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) catalysts, which enable breakthrough advances in productivity and general robustness, are now known to be extraordinarily susceptible to this pathway. The details of the process, however, have hitherto been obscure. The present study provides the first detailed mechanistic insights into the steric and electronic factors that govern bimolecular decomposition. Described is a combined experimental and theoretical study that probes decomposition of the key active species, RuCl2(L)(py)(═CH2) 1 (in which L is the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) H2IMes, or a CAAC ligand: the latter vary in the NAr group (NMes, N-2,6-Et2C6H3, or N-2-Me,6-iPrC6H3) and the substituents on the quaternary site flanking the carbene carbon (i.e., CMe2 or CMePh)). The transiently stabilized pyridine adducts 1 were isolated by cryogenic synthesis of the metallacyclobutanes, addition of pyridine, and precipitation. All are shown to decompose via second-order kinetics at -10 °C. The most vulnerable CAAC species, however, decompose more than 1000-fold faster than the H2IMes analogue. Computational studies reveal that the key factor underlying accelerated decomposition of the CAAC derivatives is their stronger trans influence, which weakens the Ru-py bond and increases the transient concentration of the 14-electron methylidene species, RuCl2(L)(═CH2) 2. Fast catalyst initiation, a major design goal in olefin metathesis, thus has the negative consequence of accelerating decomposition. Inhibiting bimolecular decomposition offers major opportunities to transform catalyst productivity and utility, and to realize the outstanding promise of olefin metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
L. Nascimento
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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14
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Subnaik S, Sheridan K, Hobbs CE. Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a New Monomer Derived from a Nitroso Diels–Alder Reaction. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selesha Subnaik
- Department of Chemistry Sam Houston State University Huntsville TX 77340 USA
| | - Katya Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry Sam Houston State University Huntsville TX 77340 USA
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15
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Zhao T, Zhu K, Yu X, Yuan X, Ren L. From Polymerization Inhibition to Controlled
Ring‐Opening
Metathesis Polymerization of Macromonomers with Tertiary Amine Groups: The Effect of Spacer Chain
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Kongying Zhu
- Analysis and Measurement Center, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
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16
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Monsigny L, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K. Ruthenium Complexes Featuring Unsymmetrical N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands-Useful Olefin Metathesis Catalysts for Special Tasks. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3648-3661. [PMID: 34145741 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review describes a distinct class of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts featuring unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene (uNHC) ligands, from its historical beginning to the present state of the art. Thanks to advantageous traits, such as pronounced thermodynamic stability, chemical latency, outstanding selectivity, and compatibility with green solvents, these catalysts led to good results in a number of specialized metathesis transformations. Therefore, while being a niche, the uNHC complexes can potentially be implemented in a number of industrial processes, such as valorization of Fischer-Tropsch olefin fractions, ethenolysis of renewable products, and modern pharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Monsigny
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Patra SG, Das NK. Recent advancement on the mechanism of olefin metathesis by Grubbs catalysts: A computational perspective. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Sonoda T, Kobayashi S, Tanaka M. Periodically Functionalized Linear Polyethylene with Tertiary Amino Groups via Regioselective Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Sonoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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19
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Nascimento DL, Reim I, Foscato M, Jensen VR, Fogg DE. Challenging Metathesis Catalysts with Nucleophiles and Brønsted Base: Examining the Stability of State-of-the-Art Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts to Attack by Amines. ACS Catal 2020; 10:11623-11633. [PMID: 33123412 PMCID: PMC7587145 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Critical to advancing the uptake of olefin metathesis in leading contexts, including pharmaceutical manufacturing, is identification of highly active catalysts that resist decomposition. Amines constitute an aggressive challenge to ruthenium metathesis catalysts. Examined here is the impact of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), morpholine, n-butylamine, and triethylamine on Ru metathesis catalysts that represent the current state of the art, including cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. Accordingly, the amine-tolerance of the nitro-Grela catalyst RuCl2(H2IMes)(=CHAr) (nG; Ar = C6H4-2-O i Pr-5-NO2) is compared with that of its CAAC analogues nGC1 and nGC2, and the Hoveyda-class catalyst RuCl2(C2)(=CHAr') HC2 (Ar' = C6H4-2-O i Pr). In C1, the carbene carbon is flanked by an N-2,6-Et2C6H3 group and a CMePh quaternary carbon; in C2, by an N-2- i Pr-6-MeC6H3 group and a CMe2 quaternary carbon. The impact of 1 equiv amine per Ru on turnover numbers (TONs) in ring-closing metathesis of diethyl diallylmalonate was assessed at 9 ppm Ru, at RT and 70 °C. The deleterious impact of amines followed the trend NEt3 ∼ NH2 n Bu ≪ DBU ∼ morpholine. Morpholine is shown to decompose nGC1 by nucleophilic abstraction of the methylidene ligand; DBU, by proton abstraction from the metallacyclobutane. Decomposition was minimized at 70 °C, at which nGC1 enabled TONs of ca. 60 000 even in the presence of morpholine or DBU, vs ca. 80 000 in the absence of base. Unexpectedly, H2IMes catalyst nG delivered 70-90% of the performance of nGC1 at high temperatures, and underwent decomposition by Brønsted base at a similar rate. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis shows that this similarity is due to comparable net electron donation by the H2IMes and C1 ligands. Catalysts bearing the smaller C2 ligand were comparatively insensitive to amines, owing to rapid, preferential bimolecular decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Nascimento
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Immanuel Reim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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20
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Heidrich M, Plenio H. Efficient [(NHC)Au(NTf 2)]-catalyzed hydrohydrazidation of terminal and internal alkynes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2080-2086. [PMID: 32952724 PMCID: PMC7476583 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient hydrohydrazidation of terminal (6a–r, 18 examples, 0.1–0.2 mol % [(NHC)Au(NTf2)], T = 60 °C) and internal alkynes (7a–j, 10 examples, 0.2–0.5 mol % [(NHC)Au(NTf2)], T = 60–80 °C) utilizing a complex with a sterically demanding bispentiptycenyl-substituted NHC ligand and the benign reaction solvent anisole, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian Heidrich
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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21
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Foster JC, Grocott MC, Arkinstall LA, Varlas S, Redding MJ, Grayson SM, O’Reilly RK. It is Better with Salt: Aqueous Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization at Neutral pH. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13878-13885. [PMID: 32673484 PMCID: PMC7426906 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a powerful tool for polymer synthesis under environmentally friendly conditions, functionalization of biomacromolecules, and preparation of polymeric nanoparticles via ROMP-induced self-assembly (ROMPISA). Although new water-soluble Ru-based metathesis catalysts have been developed and evaluated for their efficiency in mediating cross metathesis (CM) and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions, little is known with regards to their catalytic activity and stability during aqueous ROMP. Here, we investigate the influence of solution pH, the presence of salt additives, and catalyst loading on ROMP monomer conversion and catalyst lifetime. We find that ROMP in aqueous media is particularly sensitive to chloride ion concentration and propose that this sensitivity originates from chloride ligand displacement by hydroxide or H2O at the Ru center, which reversibly generates an unstable and metathesis inactive complex. The formation of this Ru-(OH)n complex not only reduces monomer conversion and catalyst lifetime but also influences polymer microstructure. However, we find that the addition of chloride salts dramatically improves ROMP conversion and control. By carrying out aqueous ROMP in the presence of various chloride sources such as NaCl, KCl, or tetrabutylammonium chloride, we show that diblock copolymers can be readily synthesized via ROMPISA in solutions with high concentrations of neutral H2O (i.e., 90 v/v%) and relatively low concentrations of catalyst (i.e., 1 mol %). The capability to conduct aqueous ROMP at neutral pH is anticipated to enable new research avenues, particularly for applications in biological media, where the unique characteristics of ROMP provide distinct advantages over other polymerization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Foster
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Marcus C. Grocott
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Lucy A. Arkinstall
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - McKenna J. Redding
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
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22
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Abstract
Ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts are one of the most commonly used class of catalysts. There are multiple reviews on their uses in various branches of chemistry and other sciences but a detailed review of their decomposition is missing, despite a large number of recent and important advances in this field. In particular, in the last five years several new mechanism of decomposition, both olefin-driven as well as induced by external agents, have been suggested and used to explain differences in the decomposition rates and the metathesis activities of both standard, N-heterocyclic carbene-based systems and the recently developed cyclic alkyl amino carbene-containing complexes. Here we present a review which explores the last 30 years of the decomposition studied on ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst driven by both intrinsic features of such catalysts as well as external chemicals.
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23
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Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Byun S, Park S, Choi Y, Ryu JY, Lee J, Choi JH, Hong S. Highly Efficient Ethenolysis and Propenolysis of Methyl Oleate Catalyzed by Abnormal N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ruthenium Complexes in Combination with a Phosphine–Copper Cocatalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Byun
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwook Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro,
Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro,
Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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25
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Jawiczuk M, Marczyk A, Młodzikowska-Pieńko K, Trzaskowski B. Impact of the Carbene Derivative Charge on the Decomposition Rates of Hoveyda-Grubbs-like Metathesis Catalysts. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6158-6167. [PMID: 32639748 PMCID: PMC7460089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Hoveyda–Grubbs
metathesis catalysts undergo a relatively
fast decomposition in the presence of olefins. Using a computational
density functional theory approach, we show that positively charged
derivatives of N-heterocyclic carbenes have little impact on the degradation/deactivation
rates of such catalysts with respect to neutral carbenes. On the other
hand, the hypothetical anionic Hoveyda–Grubbs-like catalysts
are predicted to less likely undergo degradation in the presence of
the olefin, while being as active as standard, neutral Hoveyda–Grubbs
catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jawiczuk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Marczyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Młodzikowska-Pieńko
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
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26
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Church DC, Takiguchi L, Pokorski JK. Optimization of Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) under Physiologically Relevant Conditions. Polym Chem 2020; 11:4492-4499. [PMID: 33796158 PMCID: PMC8009303 DOI: 10.1039/d0py00716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is widely considered an excellent living polymerization technique that proceeds rapidly under ambient conditions and is highly functional group tolerant when performed in organic solvents. However, achieving the same level of success in aqueous media has proved to be challenging, often requiring an organic co-solvent or a very low pH to obtain fast initiation and high monomer conversion. The ability to efficiently conduct ROMP under neutral pH aqueous conditions would mark an important step towards utilizing aqueous ROMP with acid-sensitive functional groups or within a biological setting. Herein we describe our efforts to optimize ROMP in an aqueous environment under neutral pH conditions. Specifically, we found that the presence of excess chloride in solution as well as relatively small changes in pH near physiological conditions have a profound effect on molecular weight control, polymerization rate and overall monomer conversion. Additionally, we have applied our optimized conditions to polymerize a broad scope of water-soluble monomers and used this methodology to produce nanostructures via ring opening metathesis polymerization induced self-assembly (ROMPISA) under neutral pH aqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C. Church
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lauren Takiguchi
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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27
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Jawiczuk M, Młodzikowska-Pieńko K, Trzaskowski B. Impact of the olefin structure on the catalytic cycle and decomposition rates of Hoveyda-Grubbs metathesis catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13062-13069. [PMID: 32478784 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01798a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A relatively fast degradation of ruthenium catalysts in the presence of selected olefins, and ethylene in particular, is one of the bottlenecks in their use in metathesis reactions. Here we explore the structure-activity relationships between the rate of degradation of Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts and the structure of olefins by means of DFT calculations. We show that (Z)-1,2-dichloroethene can't form stable complexes with a 14-electron active complex due to a strong inductive electron withdrawal effect. Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts can be, however, used to convert (Z)-1,2-dichloroethene to (E)-1,2-dichloroethene due to differences in crucial barriers in the catalytic cycle for E/Z isomers. Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts in the presence of both isomers of 1,2-dimethoxyethene and 1,2-dichloroethene are predicted to be very stable in the unproductive metathesis, while for monosubstituted olefins the methoxyethene presence gives relatively low barriers for crucial degradation transition states and can readily undergo decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jawiczuk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
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28
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Engl PS, Tsygankov A, De Jesus Silva J, Lange J, Copéret C, Togni A, Fedorov A. Acrylate Esters by Ethenolysis of Maleate Esters with Ru Metathesis Catalysts: an HTE and a Technoeconomic Study. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal S. Engl
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexey Tsygankov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Current address: A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova str. 28 RU 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Jordan De Jesus Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Paul Lange
- Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam Grasweg 31 NL-1031 HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sustainable Process TechnologyUniversity of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 NL-7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich Leonhardstrasse 21 CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
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29
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Dąbrowski M, Wyrębek P, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K, Grela K. In a Quest for Selectivity Paired with Activity: A Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst Bearing an Unsymmetrical Phenanthrene‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbene. Chemistry 2020; 26:3782-3794. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Dąbrowski
- Laboratory of Organometallic SynthesisBiological and Chemical Research CentreFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Przemysław Wyrębek
- Laboratory of Organometallic SynthesisBiological and Chemical Research CentreFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Laboratory of CrystallochemistryBiological and Chemical Research CentreFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Laboratory of CrystallochemistryBiological and Chemical Research CentreFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Laboratory of Organometallic SynthesisBiological and Chemical Research CentreFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
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30
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Noh H, Lim T, Park BY, Han MS. A Fluorescence-Based High-Throughput Screening Method for Olefin Metathesis Using a Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe. Org Lett 2020; 22:1703-1708. [PMID: 31855442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
(Z)-1,8-Di(pyren-1-yl)oct-4-ene (1) was prepared as a probe for olefin metathesis. The conversions of substrate by olefin metathesis under various conditions were calculated using the ratiometric fluorescence intensity change of 1. The conversions calculated by 1 and gas chromatography were consistent. These results show that conversions of olefin metathesis can be simply obtained from the fluorescence change of 1 and this method can be applied to the high-throughput screening (HTS) method for various olefin metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongju Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Yong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Han
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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31
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Goudreault AY, Walden DM, Nascimento DL, Botti AG, Steinmann SN, Michel C, Fogg DE. Hydroxide-Induced Degradation of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: A Challenge for Metathesis in Alkaline Media. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Y. Goudreault
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Daniel M. Walden
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratorie de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Daniel L. Nascimento
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adrian G. Botti
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephan N. Steinmann
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratorie de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Carine Michel
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratorie de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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32
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Carter JD, Schrodi Y. Olefin Metathesis Catalyst Supported by a Hemilabile NHC Ligand Bearing Polyether Arms: Structure, Activity, and Decomposition. Organometallics 2020; 39:378-382. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Yann Schrodi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
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33
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Jawiczuk M, Młodzikowska-Pieńko K, Osella S, Trzaskowski B. Molecular Modeling of Mechanisms of Decomposition of Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts by Acrylonitrile. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jawiczuk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Młodzikowska-Pieńko
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Silvio Osella
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
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34
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Li N, Qu X, Wang L, Tian Q, Chen Y, Yao X, Chen S, Jin S. Chemical synthesis of chitosan-mimetic polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization and their applications in Cu 2+ adsorption and catalytic decomposition. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at solving the uncontrollability in the properties of chitosan, we synthesized two chitosan-mimetic polymers, the homopolymer mimic PHNI and the copolymer mimic PHNI-PHNIA, by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaosai Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Paper Chemicals
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qingquan Tian
- National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Paper Chemicals
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Xianping Yao
- National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Paper Chemicals
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shusen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
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35
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Nascimento DL, Fogg DE. Origin of the Breakthrough Productivity of Ruthenium–Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene Catalysts in Olefin Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19236-19240. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Nascimento
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ontario, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ontario, Canada
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36
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Ton SJ, Fogg DE. The Impact of Oxygen on Leading and Emerging Ru-Carbene Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis: An Unanticipated Correlation Between Robustness and Metathesis Activity. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Ton
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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37
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Walker JCL, Werrel S, Donohoe TJ. Photochemical Alkene Isomerization for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans and Pyrroles under Neutral Conditions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13114-13118. [PMID: 31390097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A photochemical approach to polysubstituted heterocycles using UV-induced alkene isomerization is described. The method allows for the synthesis of disubstituted furans and pyrroles under mild and neutral conditions and also provides access to a class of trisubstituted furans pertinent to natural-product synthesis. The method has broad functional-group tolerance and many richly decorated heterocycles have been prepared incorporating functional groups that are unstable under Brønsted and Lewis acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Simon Werrel
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Timothy J Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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38
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Szczepaniak G, Nogaś W, Piątkowski J, Ruszczyńska A, Bulska E, Grela K. Semiheterogeneous Purification Protocol for the Removal of Ruthenium Impurities from Olefin Metathesis Reaction Products Using an Isocyanide Scavenger. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nogaś
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Piątkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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39
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Wang T, Wu B, Guo W, Wu S, Zhang H, Dang Y, Wang J. Synthesis, catalysis, and DFT study of a ruthenium carbene complex bearing a 1,2-dicarbadodecaborane (12)-1,2-dithiolate ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2646-2656. [PMID: 30702720 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A ruthenium carbene catalyst containing a 1,2-dicarbadodecaborane(12)-1,2-dithiolate ligand was synthesized, and the structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This new ruthenium carbene catalyst can catalyze the ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reaction of norbornene to give the corresponding Z-polymer (Z/E ratio, 98 : 2) in high yield (93%); ring opening cross metathesis (ROCM) reactions of norbornene/5-norbornene-2-exo, 3-exo-dimethanol with styrene or 4-fluorostyrene to give the corresponding Z-olefin products (Z/E ratios, 97 : 3-98 : 2), respectively, in high yields (73%-88%); cross metathesis (CM) reactions of terminal alkenes with (Z)-but-2-ene-1,4-diol to give high Z-olefin products in low yields; homometathesis reactions of terminal alkenes to give olefin products in low yields. Like other ruthenium carbene catalysts, the new complex tolerates many different functional groups. DFT calculations were also performed in order to understand the process of forming Z-olefin products and the decomposition process of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
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40
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Pauly J, Gröger H, Patel AV. Catalysts Encapsulated in Biopolymer Hydrogels for Chemoenzymatic One‐Pot Processes in Aqueous Media. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201802070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pauly
- Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals Faculty of Engineering and MathematicsBielefeld University of Applied Sciences Interaktion 1 33619 Bielefeld Germany
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Anant V. Patel
- Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals Faculty of Engineering and MathematicsBielefeld University of Applied Sciences Interaktion 1 33619 Bielefeld Germany
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41
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Walsh DJ, Guironnet D. Macromolecules with programmable shape, size, and chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1538-1542. [PMID: 30655343 PMCID: PMC6358684 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817745116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Shape, size, and composition are the most fundamental design features, enabling highly complex functionalities. Despite recent advances, the independent control of shape, size, and chemistry of macromolecules remains a synthetic challenge. We report a scalable methodology to produce large, well-defined macromolecules with programmable shape, size, and chemistry that combines reactor engineering principles and controlled polymerizations. Specifically, bottlebrush polymers with conical, ellipsoidal, and concave architectures are synthesized using two orthogonal polymerizations. The chemical versatility is highlighted by the synthesis of a compositional asymmetric cone. The strong agreement between predictions and experiments validates the precision that this methodology offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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42
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Sauer DF, Qu Y, Mertens MAS, Schiffels J, Polen T, Schwaneberg U, Okuda J. Biohybrid catalysts for sequential one-pot reactions based on an engineered transmembrane protein. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A two-step one pot reaction sequence consisting of artificial metalloprotein olefin metathesis and hydrogenation was performed yielding 1,2-diphenylethane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. F. Sauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology
| | - Y. Qu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - M. A. S. Mertens
- Institute of Biotechnology
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - J. Schiffels
- Institute of Biotechnology
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - T. Polen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - U. Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
| | - J. Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
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43
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K P, D A, M S, Sripadi P, Vemula M, Komarraju VS, Gorai B, Prakash S. Synthesis of 8',11'-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2'-oxepino[2,3- h] chromen]-4'(3' H)-ones with ring closing metathesis as a key step. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38673-38680. [PMID: 35559090 PMCID: PMC9090623 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07920j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel hybrid molecular entities incorporating various spiro chromanone scaffolds onto the benzannulated oxepine core moiety were synthesised using allylation, Claisen rearrangement, Kabbe condensation and Ring Closing Metathesis (RCM) as a key step. During the synthesis we found that the nitrogen functionality in the substrate influences significantly the catalyst load due to electronic effects. Several iterations have been carried out to achieve complete conversion to products 6a-6e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathima K
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University Hyderabad India
| | - Ashok D
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University Hyderabad India
| | - Sarasija M
- Department of Chemistry, Satavahana University Karimnagar Telangana India 505001
| | - Prabhakar Sripadi
- Analytical Chemistry & Mass Spectrometry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology India
| | - Madhu Vemula
- Analytical Chemistry & Mass Spectrometry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology India
| | - Venkata S Komarraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences India
| | - Biswajit Gorai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences India
| | - Shyam Prakash
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences India
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44
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Rufh SA, Goudreault AY, Foscato M, Jensen VR, Fogg DE. Rapid Decomposition of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts by a Truncated N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Efficient Catalyst Quenching and N-Heterocyclic Carbene Vinylation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Rufh
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Alexandre Y. Goudreault
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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45
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Sytniczuk A, Forcher G, Grotjahn DB, Grela K. Sequential Alkene Isomerization and Ring-Closing Metathesis in Production of Macrocyclic Musks from Biomass. Chemistry 2018; 24:10403-10408. [PMID: 29931831 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report successful utilization of sequential alkene isomerization and ring-closing metathesis of dec-9-enoic acid based dienes in synthesis of macrocyclic lactones that possess a strong scent of musk. This catalytic sequence was essential to trim the chain length of starting dienes to yield macrocycles of the right size. Dec-9-enoic acid is conveniently obtainable from oleic esters by Ru-catalysed ethenolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sytniczuk
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gwénaël Forcher
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Douglas B Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California, 92182-1030, USA
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, P.O. Box 58, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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46
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Yu M, Lou S, Gonzalez-Bobes F. Ring-Closing Metathesis in Pharmaceutical Development: Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Sha Lou
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Bobes
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
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47
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Xie Q, Wang T, Wu S, Guo W, Zhang H, Wang J. A stable ruthenium complex bearing a 1,2-dicarbadodecaborane(12)-1,2-dithiolate ligand and its activation for olefin metathesis. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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48
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Bailey GA, Foscato M, Higman CS, Day CS, Jensen VR, Fogg DE. Bimolecular Coupling as a Vector for Decomposition of Fast-Initiating Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6931-6944. [PMID: 29652496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The correlation between rapid initiation and rapid decomposition in olefin metathesis is probed for a series of fast-initiating, phosphine-free Ru catalysts: the Hoveyda catalyst HII, RuCl2(L)(═CHC6H4- o-O iPr); the Grela catalyst nG (a derivative of HII with a nitro group para to O iPr); the Piers catalyst PII, [RuCl2(L)(═CHPCy3)]OTf; the third-generation Grubbs catalyst GIII, RuCl2(L)(py)2(═CHPh); and dianiline catalyst DA, RuCl2(L)( o-dianiline)(═CHPh), in all of which L = H2IMes = N,N'-bis(mesityl)imidazolin-2-ylidene. Prior studies of ethylene metathesis have established that various Ru metathesis catalysts can decompose by β-elimination of propene from the metallacyclobutane intermediate RuCl2(H2IMes)(κ2-C3H6), Ru-2. The present work demonstrates that in metathesis of terminal olefins, β-elimination yields only ca. 25-40% propenes for HII, nG, PII, or DA, and none for GIII. The discrepancy is attributed to competing decomposition via bimolecular coupling of methylidene intermediate RuCl2(H2IMes)(═CH2), Ru-1. Direct evidence for methylidene coupling is presented, via the controlled decomposition of transiently stabilized adducts of Ru-1, RuCl2(H2IMes)Ln(═CH2) (Ln = py n'; n' = 1, 2, or o-dianiline). These adducts were synthesized by treating in situ-generated metallacyclobutane Ru-2 with pyridine or o-dianiline, and were isolated by precipitating at low temperature (-116 or -78 °C, respectively). On warming, both undergo methylidene coupling, liberating ethylene and forming RuCl2(H2IMes)Ln. A mechanism is proposed based on kinetic studies and molecular-level computational analysis. Bimolecular coupling emerges as an important contributor to the instability of Ru-1, and a potentially major pathway for decomposition of fast-initiating, phosphine-free metathesis catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A Bailey
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bergen , Allégaten 41 , N-5007 Bergen , Norway
| | - Carolyn S Higman
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Craig S Day
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Vidar R Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bergen , Allégaten 41 , N-5007 Bergen , Norway
| | - Deryn E Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada K1N 6N5
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49
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Gleeson EC, Jackson WR, Robinson AJ. Ring closing metathesis of unprotected peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9769-9772. [PMID: 28815236 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and expedient route to the synthesis of dicarba peptides from protecting group-free sequences is reported using Ru-alkylidene catalysed olefin metathesis. A range of cyclic peptides was prepared from linear peptides containing two Z-crotyl glycine residues. Free amine groups were masked as salts with Brønsted acids preventing in situ catalyst decomposition. Excellent RCM conversion was obtained in both DMF and methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Gleeson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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50
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Sutar RL, Sen S, Eivgi O, Segalovich G, Schapiro I, Reany O, Lemcoff NG. Guiding a divergent reaction by photochemical control: bichromatic selective access to levulinates and butenolides. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1368-1374. [PMID: 29675185 PMCID: PMC5885942 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allylic and acrylic substrates may be efficiently transformed by a sequential bichromatic photochemical process into derivatives of levulinates or butenolides with high selectivity when phenanthrene is used as a regulator. Thus, UV-A photoinduced cross-metathesis (CM) couples the acrylic and allylic counterparts and subsequent UV-C irradiation initiates E-Z isomerization of the carbon-carbon double bond, followed by one of two competing processes; namely, cyclization by transesterification or a 1,5-H shift and tautomerization. Quantum chemical calculations demonstrate that intermediates are strongly blue-shifted for the cyclization while red-shifted for the 1,5-H shift reaction. Hence, delaying the double bond migration by employing UV-C absorbing phenanthrene, results in a selective novel divergent all-photochemical pathway for the synthesis of fundamental structural motifs of ubiquitous natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revannath L Sutar
- Department of Chemistry , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel .
- Department of Natural Sciences , The Open University of Israel , Ra'anana , 43537 , Israel
| | - Saumik Sen
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics , Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , 91904 , Israel
| | - Or Eivgi
- Department of Chemistry , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel .
| | - Gal Segalovich
- Department of Chemistry , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel .
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics , Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , 91904 , Israel
| | - Ofer Reany
- Department of Natural Sciences , The Open University of Israel , Ra'anana , 43537 , Israel
| | - N Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel .
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , 84105 , Israel
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