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Amudala S, Sumit, Aidhen IS. LpxC inhibition: Potential and opportunities with carbohydrate scaffolds. Carbohydr Res 2024; 537:109057. [PMID: 38402732 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate-3-O-(hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of lipid A, an essential building block, for the construction and assembly of the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. The enzyme is highly conserved in almost all Gram-negative bacteria and hence has emerged as a promising target for drug discovery in the fight against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative infections. Since the first nanomolar LpxC inhibitor, L-161,240, an oxazoline-based hydroxamate, the two-decade-long ongoing search has provided valuable information regarding essential features necessary for inhibition. Although the design and structure optimization for arriving at the most efficacious inhibitor of this enzyme has made good use of different heterocyclic moieties, the use of carbohydrate scaffold is scant. This review briefly covers the advancement and progress made in LpxC inhibition. The field awaits the use of potential associated with carbohydrate-based scaffolds for LpxC inhibition and the discovery of anti-bacterial agents against Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Amudala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Sumit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Indrapal Singh Aidhen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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2
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Di Leo R, Cuffaro D, Rossello A, Nuti E. Bacterial Zinc Metalloenzyme Inhibitors: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114378. [PMID: 37298854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human deaths caused by Gram-negative bacteria keep rising due to the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon. Therefore, it is a priority to develop novel antibiotics with different mechanisms of action. Several bacterial zinc metalloenzymes are becoming attractive targets since they do not show any similarities with the human endogenous zinc-metalloproteinases. In the last decades, there has been an increasing interest from both industry and academia in developing new inhibitors against those enzymes involved in lipid A biosynthesis, and bacteria nutrition and sporulation, e.g., UDP-[3-O-(R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC), thermolysin (TLN), and pseudolysin (PLN). Nevertheless, targeting these bacterial enzymes is harder than expected and the lack of good clinical candidates suggests that more effort is needed. This review gives an overview of bacterial zinc metalloenzyme inhibitors that have been synthesized so far, highlighting the structural features essential for inhibitory activity and the structure-activity relationships. Our discussion may stimulate and help further studies on bacterial zinc metalloenzyme inhibitors as possible novel antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Rossello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Nuti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Fernandes GFS, Scarim CB, Kim SH, Wu J, Castagnolo D. Oxazolidinones as versatile scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:823-847. [PMID: 37252095 PMCID: PMC10211318 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxazolidinone is a five-member heterocyclic ring with several biological applications in medicinal chemistry. Among the three possible isomers, 2-oxazolidinone is the most investigated in drug discovery. Linezolid was pioneered as the first approved drug containing an oxazolidinone ring as the pharmacophore group. Numerous analogues have been developed since its arrival on the market in 2000. Some have succeeded in reaching the advanced stages of clinical studies. However, most oxazolidinone derivatives reported in recent decades have not reached the initial stages of drug development, despite their promising pharmacological applications in a variety of therapeutic areas, including antibacterial, antituberculosis, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neurologic, and metabolic diseases, among other areas. Therefore, this review article aims to compile the efforts of medicinal chemists who have explored this scaffold over the past decades and highlight the potential of the class for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cauê Benito Scarim
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University Araraquara 14800903 Brazil
| | - Seong-Heun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London 150 Stamford Street SE1 9NH London UK
| | - Jingyue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UK
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UK
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Niu Z, Lei P, Wang Y, Wang J, Yang J, Zhang J. Small molecule LpxC inhibitors against gram-negative bacteria: Advances and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115326. [PMID: 37023679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate-3-O-(hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC) is a metalloenzyme with zinc ions as cofactors and is a key enzyme in the essential structural outer membrane lipid A synthesis commitment step of gram-negative bacteria. As LpxC is extremely homologous among different Gram-negative bacteria, it is conserved in almost all gram-negative bacteria, which makes LpxC a promising target. LpxC inhibitors have been reported extensively in recent years, such as PF-5081090 and CHIR-090 were found to have broad-spectrum antibiotic activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli. They are mainly classified into hydroxamate inhibitors and non-hydroxamate inhibitors based on their structure, but no LpxC inhibitors have been marketed due to safety and activity issues. This review, therefore, focuses on small molecule inhibitors of LpxC against gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and covers recent advances in LpxC inhibitors, focusing on their structural optimization process, structure-activity relationships, and future directions, with the aim of providing ideas for the development of LpxC inhibitors and clinical research.
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Zhao Q, Xin L, Liu Y, Liang C, Li J, Jian Y, Li H, Shi Z, Liu H, Cao W. Current Landscape and Future Perspective of Oxazolidinone Scaffolds Containing Antibacterial Drugs. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10557-10580. [PMID: 34260235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has made the problem of bacterial resistance increasingly serious, and the study of new drug-resistant bacteria has become the main direction of antibacterial drug research. Among antibiotics, the fully synthetic oxazolidinone antibacterial drugs linezolid and tedizolid have been successfully marketed and have achieved good clinical treatment effects. Oxazolidinone antibacterial drugs have good pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics and unique antibacterial mechanisms, and resistant bacteria are sensitive to them. This Perspective focuses on reviewing oxazolidinones based on the structural modification of linezolid and new potential oxazolidinone drugs in the past 10 years, mainly describing their structure, antibacterial activity, safety, druggability, and so on, and discusses their structure-activity relationships, providing insight into the reasonable design of safer and more potent oxazolidinone antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,Xi'an Xuri Shengchang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., High-tech Zone, Xi'an 710075, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhi Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Jian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Han Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Shi
- Department of Urology Surgery Center, Xinjiang Uyghur People's Hospital, Urumqi 830002, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, P. R. China
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Damale MG, Pathan SK, Patil RB, Sangshetti JN. Pharmacoinformatics approaches to identify potential hits against tetraacyldisaccharide 4'-kinase (LpxK) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32856-32874. [PMID: 35516480 PMCID: PMC9056689 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06675c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection can cause pneumonia and urinary tract infection and the management of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is critical in multidrug resistance, hospital-acquired bacteremia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The key enzymes of lipid A biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are promising drug targets. However, the enzyme tetraacyldisaccharide 4'-kinase (LpxK) has not been explored as a drug target so far. Several pharmacoinformatics tools such as comparative metabolic pathway analysis (Metacyc), data mining from a database of essential genes (DEG), homology modeling, molecular docking, pharmacophore based virtual screening, ADMET prediction and molecular dynamics simulation were used in identifying novel lead compounds against this target. The top virtual hits STOCK6S-33288, 43621, 39892, 37164 and 35740 may serve as the templates for the design and synthesis of potent LpxK inhibitors in the management of serious Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj G Damale
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh Aurangabad MS 431001 India
- Srinath College of Pharmacy Aurangabad MS India
| | - Shahebaaz K Pathan
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh Aurangabad MS 431001 India
| | - Rajesh B Patil
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy Pune-Saswad Road, Kondhwa (Bk) Pune 411048 India
| | - Jaiprakash N Sangshetti
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh Aurangabad MS 431001 India
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Mutations Reducing In Vitro Susceptibility to Novel LpxC Inhibitors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Interplay of Efflux and Nonefflux Mechanisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 64:AAC.01490-19. [PMID: 31658970 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01490-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulated expression of efflux pumps, lpxC target mutations, LpxC protein overexpression, and mutations in fabG were previously shown to mediate single-step resistance to the LpxC inhibitor CHIR-090 in P. aeruginosa Single-step selection experiments using three recently described LpxC inhibitors (compounds 2, 3, and 4) and mutant characterization showed that these mechanisms affect susceptibility to additional novel LpxC inhibitors. Serial passaging of P. aeruginosa wild-type and efflux pump-defective strains using the LpxC inhibitor CHIR-090 or compound 1 generated substantial shifts in susceptibility and underscored the interplay of efflux and nonefflux mechanisms. Whole-genome sequencing of CHIR-090 passage mutants identified efflux pump overexpression, fabG mutations, and novel mutations in fabF1 and in PA4465 as determinants of reduced susceptibility. Two new lpxC mutations, encoding A214V and G208S, that reduce susceptibility to certain LpxC inhibitors were identified in these studies, and we show that these and other target mutations differentially affect different LpxC inhibitor scaffolds. Lastly, the combination of target alteration (LpxCA214V) and upregulated expression of LpxC was shown to be tolerated in P. aeruginosa and could mediate significant decreases in susceptibility.
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Jin Z, Wang L, Gao H, Zhou YH, Liu YH, Tang YZ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pleuromutilin derivatives possessing acetamine phenyl linker. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111594. [PMID: 31419741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel acetamine phenyl pleuromutilin derivatives incorporating 2-aminothiophenol moieties into the C14 side chain were synthesized via acylation reactions under mild conditions. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized derivatives against three Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300, ATCC 29213 and AD 3) and two Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922 and 9-1) were evaluated by the broth dilution method. Most of the synthesized derivatives displayed potent activities. Compound 27 was found to be the most active antibacterial derivative against MRSA (minimal inhibitory concentration = 0.015 μg/mL) which may lead to a promising antibacterial drug. Furthermore, compound 27 displayed more rapid bactericidal kinetic than tiamulin in in vitro time-kill studies and possessed a longer PAE than tiamulin against MRSA. The PK properties of compound 27 were then measured. The half life (t1/2), clearance rate (Cl) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0→∞) of compound 27 were 6.88 h, 21.64 L/h/kg and 0.48 μg h/mL, respectively. The in vivo antibacterial activities of compound 27 against MRSA were further evaluated using thigh infection model and systemic infection model. Compound 27 possessed superior antibacterial efficacy to tiamulin against MRSA infection in both model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Le Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Ding S, Ji J, Zhang M, Yang Y, Wang R, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhong Y, Gao L, Lu M, Liu J, Chen Y. Exploration of the structure–activity relationship and druggability of novel oxazolidinone‐based compounds as Gram‐negative antibacterial agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900129. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Ding
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Jing‐Chao Ji
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Ming‐Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Yu‐She Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Rui Wang
- Central Hospital affiliated to Shenyang Medical College Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Xing‐Long Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Li‐Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Le Gao
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Man Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Ju Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning China
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Chen AY, Adamek RN, Dick BL, Credille CV, Morrison CN, Cohen SM. Targeting Metalloenzymes for Therapeutic Intervention. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1323-1455. [PMID: 30192523 PMCID: PMC6405328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to a wide range of essential biological activities, including nucleic acid modification, protein degradation, and many others. The role of metalloenzymes in these processes also makes them central for the progression of many diseases and, as such, makes metalloenzymes attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Increasing awareness of the role metalloenzymes play in disease and their importance as a class of targets has amplified interest in the development of new strategies to develop inhibitors and ultimately useful drugs. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of several drug discovery efforts focused on metalloenzymes and attempt to map out the current landscape of high-value metalloenzyme targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Rebecca N Adamek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Benjamin L Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Cy V Credille
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Christine N Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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Zhang ZS, Huang YZ, Luo J, Jin Z, Liu YH, Tang YZ. Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel pleuromutilin derivatives bearing an aminothiophenol moiety. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1627-1637. [PMID: 29722184 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of novel thioether pleuromutilin derivatives incorporating 2-aminothiophenol moieties into the C14 side chain via acylation reactions under mild conditions. We evaluated the in-vitro antibacterial activities of the derivatives against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, ATCC 43300), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The majority of the synthesized derivatives possessed moderate antibacterial activities. Compound 8 was found to be the most active antibacterial derivative against MRSA. We conducted docking experiments to understand the possible mode of interactions between compounds 8, 9b, 11a and 50S ribosomal subunit. The docking results proved that there is a reasonable correlation between the binding free energy and the antibacterial activity. Compound 8 was evaluated for its in-vivo antibacterial activity and showed higher efficacy than tiamulin against MRSA in mouse infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Sheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Zhen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Haque A, Al-Balushi RA, Al-Busaidi IJ, Khan MS, Raithby PR. Rise of Conjugated Poly-ynes and Poly(Metalla-ynes): From Design Through Synthesis to Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8474-8597. [PMID: 30112905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) constitute an important class of new materials with potential application in various domains of science. The key factors responsible for the diverse usage of these materials is their intriguing and tunable chemical and photophysical properties. This review highlights fascinating advances made in the field of conjugated organic poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) incorporating group 4-11 metals. This includes several important aspects of conjugated poly-ynes viz. synthetic protocols, bonding, electronic structure, nature of luminescence, structure-property relationships, diverse applications, and concluding remarks. Furthermore, we delineated the future directions and challenges in this particular area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rayya A Al-Balushi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
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Liu Q, Zu L. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Cross-Vinylogous Rauhut-Currier Reaction of Methyl Coumalate with Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Liansuo Zu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
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14
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Liu Q, Zu L. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Cross-Vinylogous Rauhut-Currier Reaction of Methyl Coumalate with Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9505-9509. [PMID: 29873432 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Liansuo Zu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
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15
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Singh PK, Silakari O. The Current Status of O-Heterocycles: A Synthetic and Medicinal Overview. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1071-1087. [PMID: 29603634 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
O-Heterocycles have been explored in the field of medicinal chemistry for a long time, but their significance has not been duly recognised and they are often shunned in favour of N-heterocycles. The design of bioactive molecules for nearly every pathophysiological condition is primarily focused on novel N-heterocycles. The main reasons for such bias include the ease of synthesis and possible mimicking of physiological molecules by N-heterocycles. But considering only this criterion rarely provides breakthrough molecules for a given disease condition, and instead the risks of toxicity or side effects are increased with such molecules. On the other hand, owing to improved synthetic feasibility, O-heterocycles have established themselves as equally potent lead molecules for a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. In the last decade there have been hundreds of reports validating the fact that equally potent molecules can be designed and developed by using O-heterocycles, and these are also expected to have comparably low toxicity. Even so, researchers tend to remain biased toward the use of N-heterocycles over O-heterocycles. Thus, this review provides a critical analysis of the synthesis and medicinal attributes of O-heterocycles, such as pyrones, oxazolones, furanones, oxetanes, oxazolidinones, and dioxolonones, and others, reported in the last five years, underlining the need for and the advantages guiding researchers toward them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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Žalubovskis R, Winum JY. Inhibitors of Selected Bacterial Metalloenzymes. Curr Med Chem 2018; 26:2690-2714. [PMID: 29611472 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180403154018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of bacterial metalloenzymes, especially ones not having mammalian (human) counterparts, has drawn attention to develop novel antibacterial agents to overcome drug resistance and especially multidrug resistance. In this review, we focus on the recent achievements on the development of inhibitors of bacterial enzymes peptide deformylase (PDF), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) and UDP-3-O-acyl- N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC). The state of the art of the design and investigation of inhibitors of bacterial metalloenzymes is presented, and challenges are outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron, Universite de Montpellier, France
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Ding S, Dai RY, Wang WK, Cao Q, Lan LF, Zhou XL, Yang YS. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship evaluation of novel LpxC inhibitors as Gram-negative antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Piizzi G, Parker DT, Peng Y, Dobler M, Patnaik A, Wattanasin S, Liu E, Lenoir F, Nunez J, Kerrigan J, McKenney D, Osborne C, Yu D, Lanieri L, Bojkovic J, Dzink-Fox J, Lilly MD, Sprague ER, Lu Y, Wang H, Ranjitkar S, Xie L, Wang B, Glick M, Hamann LG, Tommasi R, Yang X, Dean CR. Design, Synthesis, and Properties of a Potent Inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Deacetylase LpxC. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5002-5014. [PMID: 28549219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, the frequency of antibacterial resistance in hospitals, including multidrug resistance (MDR) and its association with serious infectious diseases, has increased at alarming rates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, and resistance to virtually all approved antibacterial agents is emerging in this pathogen. To address the need for new agents to treat MDR P. aeruginosa, we focused on inhibiting the first committed step in the biosynthesis of lipid A, the deacetylation of uridyldiphospho-3-O-(R-hydroxydecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine by the enzyme LpxC. We approached this through the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel hydroxamic acid LpxC inhibitors, exemplified by 1, where cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines was reduced, solubility and plasma-protein binding were improved while retaining potent anti-pseudomonal activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David McKenney
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Colin Osborne
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Donghui Yu
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Leanne Lanieri
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jade Bojkovic
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - JoAnn Dzink-Fox
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Maria-Dawn Lilly
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | | | | | | | - Srijan Ranjitkar
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Lili Xie
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Xia Yang
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Charles R Dean
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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19
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3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LpxC Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050761. [PMID: 28481250 PMCID: PMC5454807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important target for the development of novel antibiotics, UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC) has been widely studied. Pyridone methylsulfone hydroxamate (PMH) compounds can effectively inhibit the catalytic activity of LpxC. In this work, the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships of PMH inhibitors were explored and models with good predictive ability were established using comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity index analysis methods. The effect of PMH inhibitors' electrostatic potential on the inhibitory ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LpxC (PaLpxC) is revealed at the molecular level via molecular electrostatic potential analyses. Then, two molecular dynamics simulations for the PaLpxC and PaLpxC-inhibitor systems were also performed respectively to investigate the key residues of PaLpxC hydrolase binding to water molecules. The results indicate that orderly alternative water molecules can form stable hydrogen bonds with M62, E77, T190, and H264 in the catalytic center, and tetracoordinate to zinc ion along with H78, H237, and D241. It was found that the conformational transition space of PaLpxC changes after association with PMH inhibitors through free energy landscape and cluster analyses. Finally, a possible inhibitory mechanism of PMH inhibitors was proposed, based on our molecular simulation. This paper will provide a theoretical basis for the molecular design of LpxC-targeting antibiotics.
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Kawai T, Kazuhiko I, Takaya N, Yamaguchi Y, Kishii R, Kohno Y, Kurasaki H. Sulfonamide-based non-alkyne LpxC inhibitors as Gram-negative antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1045-1049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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