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Jin Z, Yim W, Retout M, Housel E, Zhong W, Zhou J, Strano MS, Jokerst JV. Colorimetric sensing for translational applications: from colorants to mechanisms. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38835195 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Colorimetric sensing offers instant reporting via visible signals. Versus labor-intensive and instrument-dependent detection methods, colorimetric sensors present advantages including short acquisition time, high throughput screening, low cost, portability, and a user-friendly approach. These advantages have driven substantial growth in colorimetric sensors, particularly in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Rapid progress in nanotechnology, materials science, microfluidics technology, biomarker discovery, digital technology, and signal pattern analysis has led to a variety of colorimetric reagents and detection mechanisms, which are fundamental to advance colorimetric sensing applications. This review first summarizes the basic components (e.g., color reagents, recognition interactions, and sampling procedures) in the design of a colorimetric sensing system. It then presents the rationale design and typical examples of POC devices, e.g., lateral flow devices, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, and wearable sensing devices. Two highlighted colorimetric formats are discussed: combinational and activatable systems based on the sensor-array and lock-and-key mechanisms, respectively. Case discussions in colorimetric assays are organized by the analyte identities. Finally, the review presents challenges and perspectives for the design and development of colorimetric detection schemes as well as applications. The goal of this review is to provide a foundational resource for developing colorimetric systems and underscoring the colorants and mechanisms that facilitate the continuing evolution of POC sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maurice Retout
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Emily Housel
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Amer L, Retout M, Jokerst JV. Activatable prodrug for controlled release of an antimicrobial peptide via the proteases overexpressed in Candida albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Theranostics 2024; 14:1781-1793. [PMID: 38389835 PMCID: PMC10879876 DOI: 10.7150/thno.91165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis are prevalent in the subgingival area where the frequency of fungal colonization increases with periodontal disease. Candida's transition to a pathogenic state and its interaction with P. gingivalis exacerbate periodontal disease severity. However, current treatments for these infections differ, and combined therapy remains unexplored. This work is based on an antimicrobial peptide that is therapeutic and induces a color change in a nanoparticle reporter. Methods: We built and characterized two enzyme-activatable prodrugs to treat and detect C. albicans and P. gingivalis via the controlled release of the antimicrobial peptide. The zwitterionic prodrug quenches the antimicrobial peptide's activity until activation by a protease inherent to the pathogens (SAP9 for C. albicans and RgpB for P. gingivalis). The toxicity of the intact prodrugs was evaluated against fungal, bacterial, and mammalian cells. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed through microscopy, disk diffusion, and viability assays, comparing the prodrug to the antimicrobial peptide alone. Finally, we developed a colorimetric detection system based on the aggregation of plasmonic nanoparticles. Results: The intact prodrugs showed negligible toxicity to cells absent a protease trigger. The therapeutic impact of the prodrugs was comparable to that of the antimicrobial peptide alone, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3.1 - 16 µg/mL. The enzymatic detection system returned a detection limit of 10 nM with gold nanoparticles and 3 nM with silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: This approach offers a convenient and selective protease sensing and protease-induced treatment mechanism based on bioinspired antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Amer
- Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Maurice Retout
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
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3
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Sinu K, Savitha R, Ranjit B, Pushpavanam S. Detection of azadirachtin from neem kernels using a paper-based sandwich sensor. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1034-1042. [PMID: 38265638 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02030d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was developed to detect the biopesticide azadirachtin (Aza) through a colorimetric assay. High precision estimation of Aza is classically carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which requires highly skilled personnel. Acidified vanillin is a commonly used colorimetric indicator in thin layer chromatography for detection of various phytochemicals. However, the assay involves concentrated acid, which limits the choice of paper substrates for paper-based sensors and raises safety concerns. In this work, we show how the assay can be extended from the liquid phase to a paper substrate. Glass microfiber (GMF) filter paper was found to be suitable paper as it was acid resistant; besides, its hydrophilicity enabled smooth flow of reagents. A microfluidic paper-based sensor (μPAD) was developed by sandwiching 5 mm sized GMF dots between two parafilm sheets. We demonstrate the use of colorimetric assay on the μPAD for on-site detection of Aza in neem kernels. The magenta color developed upon the reaction of acidified vanillin with Aza was captured using a smart-phone and analysed using RGB levels in the image. Calibration was established using neem kernel extract of known concentration. Linearity was seen in the concentration range of 5 to 25 mg L-1 Aza. A limit of detection of 2.3 mg L-1 was obtained using this method. The colorimetric assay showed a relative recovery of >85% when compared with the values obtained from HPLC. The stability of the reagents on the GMF sensor was investigated to understand the storage conditions and shelf life of the reagents and sensor. The present work demonstrates the development of a portable sensor for on-site detection of phytochemicals that can be an integral part of the agricultural supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurian Sinu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India
| | - Rangasamy Savitha
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
| | - Bauri Ranjit
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India
| | - Subramaniam Pushpavanam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
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4
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Pandit S, Duchow M, Chao W, Capasso A, Samanta D. DNA-Barcoded Plasmonic Nanostructures for Activity-Based Protease Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310964. [PMID: 37985161 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a new class of protease activity sensors called DNA-barcoded plasmonic nanostructures. These probes are comprised of gold nanoparticles functionalized with peptide-DNA conjugates (GPDs), where the peptide is a substrate of the protease of interest. The DNA acts as a barcode identifying the peptide and facilitates signal amplification. Protease-mediated peptide cleavage frees the DNA from the nanoparticle surface, which is subsequently measured via a CRISPR/Cas12a-based assay as a proxy for protease activity. As proof-of-concept, we show activity-based, multiplexed detection of the SARS-CoV-2-associated protease, 3CL, and the apoptosis marker, caspase 3, with high sensitivity and selectivity. GPDs yield >25-fold turn-on signals, 100-fold improved response compared to commercial probes, and detection limits as low as 58 pM at room temperature. Moreover, nanomolar concentrations of proteases can be detected visually by leveraging the aggregation-dependent color change of the gold nanoparticles. We showcase the clinical potential of GPDs by detecting a colorectal cancer-associated protease, cathepsin B, in three different patient-derived cell lines. Taken together, GPDs detect physiologically relevant concentrations of active proteases in challenging biological samples, require minimal sample processing, and offer unmatched multiplexing capabilities (mediated by DNA), making them powerful chemical tools for biosensing and disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mark Duchow
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Wilson Chao
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Devleena Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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5
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Amer L, Retout M, Jokerst JV. Activatable prodrug for controlled release of an antimicrobial peptide via the proteases overexpressed in Candida albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568833. [PMID: 38076788 PMCID: PMC10705279 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
We report the controlled release of an antimicrobial peptide using enzyme-activatable prodrugs to treat and detect Candida albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis . Our motivation lies in the prevalence of these microorganisms in the subgingival area where the frequency of fungal colonization increases with periodontal disease. This work is based on an antimicrobial peptide that is both therapeutic and induces a color change in a nanoparticle reporter. This antimicrobial peptide was then built into a zwitterionic prodrug that quenches its activity until activation by a protease inherent to these pathogens of interest: SAP9 or RgpB for C. albicans and P. gingivalis , respectively. We first confirmed that the intact zwitterionic prodrug has negligible toxicity to fungal, bacterial, and mammalian cells absent a protease trigger. Next, the therapeutic impact was assessed via disk diffusion and viability assays and showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3.1 - 16 µg/mL, which is comparable to the antimicrobial peptide alone (absent integration into prodrug). Finally, the zwitterionic design was exploited for colorimetric detection of C. albicans and P. gingivalis proteases. When the prodrugs were cleaved, the plasmonic nanoparticles aggregated causing a color change with a limit of detection of 10 nM with gold nanoparticles and 3 nM with silver nanoparticles. This approach has value as a convenient and selective protease sensing and protease-induced treatment mechanism based on bioinspired antimicrobial peptides. Abstract Figure
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Yim W, Retout M, Chen AA, Ling C, Amer L, Jin Z, Chang YC, Chavez S, Barrios K, Lam B, Li Z, Zhou J, Shi L, Pascal TA, Jokerst JV. Goldilocks Energy Minimum: Peptide-Based Reversible Aggregation and Biosensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42293-42303. [PMID: 37651748 PMCID: PMC10619458 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric biosensors based on gold nanoparticle (AuNP) aggregation are often challenged by matrix interference in biofluids, poor specificity, and limited utility with clinical samples. Here, we propose a peptide-driven nanoscale disassembly approach, where AuNP aggregates induced by electrostatic attractions are dissociated in response to proteolytic cleavage. Initially, citrate-coated AuNPs were assembled via a short cationic peptide (RRK) and characterized by experiments and simulations. The dissociation peptides were then used to reversibly dissociate the AuNP aggregates as a function of target protease detection, i.e., main protease (Mpro), a biomarker for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The dissociation propensity depends on peptide length, hydrophilicity, charge, and ligand architecture. Finally, our dissociation strategy provides a rapid and distinct optical signal through Mpro cleavage with a detection limit of 12.3 nM in saliva. Our dissociation peptide effectively dissociates plasmonic assemblies in diverse matrices including 100% human saliva, urine, plasma, and seawater, as well as other types of plasmonic nanoparticles such as silver. Our peptide-enabled dissociation platform provides a simple, matrix-insensitive, and versatile method for protease sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maurice Retout
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amanda A Chen
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chuxuan Ling
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lubna Amer
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yu-Ci Chang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Saul Chavez
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Karen Barrios
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Benjamin Lam
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhi Li
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tod A Pascal
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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7
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Retout M, Amer L, Yim W, Creyer MN, Lam B, Trujillo DF, Potempa J, O'Donoghue AJ, Chen C, Jokerst JV. A Protease-Responsive Polymer/Peptide Conjugate and Reversible Assembly of Silver Clusters for the Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis Enzymatic Activity. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17308-17319. [PMID: 37602819 PMCID: PMC10561899 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the reversible aggregation of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) assemblies using the combination of a cationic arginine-based peptide and sulfur-capped polyethylene glycol (PEG). The formation and dissociation of the aggregates were studied by optical methods and electron microscopy. The dissociation of silver clusters depends on the peptide sequence and PEG size. A molecular weight of 1 kDa for PEG was optimal for the dissociation. The most important feature of this dissociation method is that it can operate in complex biofluids such as plasma, saliva, bile, urine, cell media, or even seawater without a significant decrease in performance. Moreover, the peptide-particle assemblies are highly stable and do not degrade (or express of loss of signal upon dissociation) when dried and resolubilized, frozen and thawed, or left in daylight for a month. Importantly, the dissociation capacity of PEG can be reduced via the conjugation of a peptide-cleavable substrate. The dissociation capacity is restored in the presence of an enzyme. Based on these findings, we designed a PEG-peptide hybrid molecule specific to the Porphyromonas gingivalis protease RgpB. Our motivation was that this bacterium is a key pathogen in periodontitis, and RgpB activity has been correlated with chronic diseases including Alzheimer's disease. The RgpB limit of detection was 100 pM RgpB in vitro. This system was used to measure RgpB in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples with a detection rate of 40% with 0% false negatives versus PCR for P. gingivalis (n = 37). The combination of PEG-peptide and nanoparticles dissociation method allows the development of convenient protease sensing that can operate independently of the media composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Retout
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lubna Amer
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Matthew N Creyer
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Benjamin Lam
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Diego F Trujillo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Casey Chen
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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8
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Jin Z, Yeung J, Zhou J, Retout M, Yim W, Fajtová P, Gosselin B, Jabin I, Bruylants G, Mattoussi H, O'Donoghue AJ, Jokerst JV. Empirical Optimization of Peptide Sequence and Nanoparticle Colloidal Stability: The Impact of Surface Ligands and Implications for Colorimetric Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20483-20494. [PMID: 37058597 PMCID: PMC10614165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface ligands play a critical role in controlling and defining the properties of colloidal nanocrystals. These aspects have been exploited to design nanoparticle aggregation-based colorimetric sensors. Here, we coated 13-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a large library of ligands (e.g., from labile monodentate monomers to multicoordinating macromolecules) and evaluated their aggregation propensity in the presence of three peptides containing charged, thiolate, or aromatic amino acids. Our results show that AuNPs coated with the polyphenols and sulfonated phosphine ligands were good choices for electrostatic-based aggregation. AuNPs capped with citrate and labile-binding polymers worked well for dithiol-bridging and π-π stacking-induced aggregation. In the example of electrostatic-based assays, we stress that good sensing performance requires aggregating peptides of low charge valence paired with charged NPs with weak stability and vice versa. We then present a modular peptide containing versatile aggregating residues to agglomerate a variety of ligated AuNPs for colorimetric detection of the coronavirus main protease. Enzymatic cleavage liberates the peptide segment, which in turn triggers NP agglomeration and thus rapid color changes in <10 min. The protease detection limit is 2.5 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Justin Yeung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maurice Retout
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bryan Gosselin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevel 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevel 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Bruylants
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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9
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Chang YC, Jin Z, Li K, Zhou J, Yim W, Yeung J, Cheng Y, Retout M, Creyer MN, Fajtová P, He T, Chen X, O'Donoghue AJ, Jokerst JV. Peptide valence-induced breaks in plasmonic coupling. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2659-2668. [PMID: 36908948 PMCID: PMC9993903 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions are a key driving force that mediates colloidal assembly. The Schulze-Hardy rule states that nanoparticles have a higher tendency to coagulate in the presence of counterions with high charge valence. However, it is unclear how the Schulze-Hardy rule works when the simple electrolytes are replaced with more sophisticated charge carriers. Here, we designed cationic peptides of varying valencies and demonstrate that their charge screening behaviors on anionic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) follow the six-power relationship in the Schulze-Hardy rule. This finding further inspires a simple yet effective strategy for measuring SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) via naked eyes. This work provides a unique avenue for fundamental NP disassembly based on the Schulze-Hardy rule and can help design versatile substrates for colorimetric sensing of other proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ci Chang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Justin Yeung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Maurice Retout
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Matthew N Creyer
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Tengyu He
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
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10
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Jin Z, Li Y, Li K, Zhou J, Yeung J, Ling C, Yim W, He T, Cheng Y, Xu M, Creyer MN, Chang YC, Fajtová P, Retout M, Qi B, Li S, O'Donoghue AJ, Jokerst JV. Peptide Amphiphile Mediated Co-assembly for Nanoplasmonic Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214394. [PMID: 36409652 PMCID: PMC9852014 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic interactions are commonly involved in the assembly of naturally occurring building blocks, and these interactions can be replicated in an artificial setting to produce functional materials. Here we describe a colorimetric biosensor using co-assembly experiments with plasmonic gold and surfactant-like peptides (SLPs) spanning a wide range of aromatic residues, polar stretches, and interfacial affinities. The SLPs programmed in DDD-(ZZ)x -FFPC self-assemble into higher-order structures in response to a protease and subsequently modulate the colloidal dispersity of gold leading to a colorimetric readout. Results show the strong aggregation propensity of the FFPC tail without polar DDD head. The SLPs were specific to the target protease, i.e., Mpro , a biomarker for SARS-CoV-2. This system is a simple and visual tool that senses Mpro in phosphate buffer, exhaled breath condensate, and saliva with detection limits of 15.7, 20.8, and 26.1 nM, respectively. These results may have value in designing other protease testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Justin Yeung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chuxuan Ling
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tengyu He
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Matthew N Creyer
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yu-Ci Chang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maurice Retout
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Baiyan Qi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shuzhou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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11
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Zhao M, Wang X, Liang Z, Zhang B, Liao Y, He Y, Ma Y. Plasmonic Array at the Liquid-Liquid Interface: A Dual-Mode Optical Sensing Platform for Multianalytes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1234-1240. [PMID: 36548432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Analyte-triggered nanoparticle (NP) assemblies in bulk colloidal suspension have been extensively utilized in various optical sensors. Nevertheless, the assembling process is still limited by the slow diffusion dynamics of NPs and the low concentration of analytes in trace detections, which hinders further improvement of the sensitivity and repeatability of the sensors. In this work, by functionalizing the gold NPs with specific ligands, we constructed a dual-mode optical sensing platform for multianalytes based on the plasmonic NP array at the liquid-liquid interface. Through emulsification, the NP diffusion kinetics are boosted for several orders, and the NPs are condensed from the bulk aqueous phase to the liquid-liquid interface as a plasmonic array. The as-formed metasurface generates major reflectance and surface-enhanced Raman scattering changes in response to analytes, providing two optical sensing modes. As prototypes, cysteine and glucose are selected as the target molecules, achieving the limit of detection as 193 ± 2 and 297 ± 12 pM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhensen Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yiquan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yichang He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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12
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Jin Z, Ling C, Li Y, Zhou J, Li K, Yim W, Yeung J, Chang YC, He T, Cheng Y, Fajtová P, Retout M, O'Donoghue AJ, Jokerst JV. Spacer Matters: All-Peptide-Based Ligand for Promoting Interfacial Proteolysis and Plasmonic Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8932-8940. [PMID: 36346642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic coupling via nanoparticle assembly is a popular signal-generation method in bioanalytical sensors. Here, we customized an all-peptide-based ligand that carries an anchoring group, polyproline spacer, biomolecular recognition, and zwitterionic domains for functionalizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a colorimetric enzyme sensor. Our results underscore the importance of the polyproline module, which enables the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) to recognize the peptidic ligand on nanosurfaces for subsequent plasmonic coupling via Coulombic interactions. AuNP aggregation is favored by the lowered surface potential due to enzymatic unveiling of the zwitterionic module. Therefore, this system provides a naked-eye measure for Mpro. No proteolysis occurs on AuNPs modified with a control ligand lacking a spacer domain. Overall, this all-peptide-based ligand does not require complex molecular conjugations and hence offers a simple and promising route for plasmonic sensing other proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chuxuan Ling
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yi Li
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138634
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Justin Yeung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yu-Ci Chang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tengyu He
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maurice Retout
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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13
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Retout M, Jin Z, Tsujimoto J, Mantri Y, Borum R, Creyer MN, Yim W, He T, Chang YC, Jokerst JV. Di-Arginine Additives for Dissociation of Gold Nanoparticle Aggregates: A Matrix-Insensitive Approach with Applications in Protease Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52553-52565. [PMID: 36346346 PMCID: PMC10464667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the reversible aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) assemblies via a di-arginine peptide additive and thiolated PEGs (HS-PEGs). The AuNPs were first aggregated by attractive forces between the citrate-capped surface and the arginine side chains. We found that the HS-PEG thiol group has a higher affinity for the AuNP surface, thus leading to redispersion and colloidal stability. In turn, there was a robust and obvious color change due to on/off plasmonic coupling. The assemblies' dissociation was directly related to the HS-PEG structural properties such as their size or charge. As an example, HS-PEGs with a molecular weight below 1 kDa could dissociate 100% of the assemblies and restore the exact optical properties of the initial AuNP suspension (prior to the assembly). Surprisingly, the dissociation capacity of HS-PEGs was not affected by the composition of the operating medium and could be performed in complex matrices such as plasma, saliva, bile, urine, cell lysates, or even seawater. The high affinity of thiols for the gold surface encompasses by far the one of endogenous molecules and is thus favored. Moreover, starting with AuNPs already aggregated ensured the absence of a background signal as the dissociation of the assemblies was far from spontaneous. Remarkably, it was possible to dry the AuNP assemblies and solubilize them back with HS-PEGs, improving the colorimetric signal generation. We used this system for protease sensing in biological fluids. Trypsin was chosen as the model enzyme, and highly positively charged peptides were conjugated to HS-PEG molecules as cleavage substrates. The increase of positive charge of the HS-PEG-peptide conjugate quenched the dissociation capacity of the HS-PEG molecules, which could only be restored by the proteolytic cleavage. Picomolar limit of detection was obtained as well as the detection in saliva or urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Retout
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Jason Tsujimoto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Yash Mantri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Raina Borum
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Matthew N Creyer
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Tengyu He
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Yu-Ci Chang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
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14
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Creyer MN, Jin Z, Retout M, Yim W, Zhou J, Jokerst JV. Gold-Silver Core-Shell Nanoparticle Crosslinking Mediated by Protease Activity for Colorimetric Enzyme Detection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14200-14207. [PMID: 36351199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles produce a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) under optical excitation. The LSPR of nanoparticles can shift in response to changes in the local dielectric environment and produce a color change. This color change can be observed by the naked eye due to the exceptionally large extinction coefficients (108-1011 M-1 cm-1) of plasmonic nanoparticles. Herein, we investigate the optical shifts (i.e., color change) of three unique gold-silver core-shell nanoparticle structures in response to changes in their dielectric environment upon nanoparticle aggregation. Aggregation is induced by a cysteine-containing peptide that has a sulfhydryl near its N and C termini, which crosslinks nanoparticles. Furthermore, we demonstrate that adding proline spacers between the cysteines impacts the degree of aggregation and, ultimately, the color response. Using this information, we construct a colorimetric enzyme assay, where the signal produced from nanoparticle aggregation is modulated by proteolysis. The degree of aggregation and the resulting optical shift can be correlated with enzyme concentration with high linearity (R2 = 0.998). Overall, this study explores the optical properties of gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles in a dispersed vs aggregated state and leverages that information to develop an enzyme sensor with a spectral LOD of 0.47 ± 0.09 nM.
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15
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Akarapipad P, Bertelson E, Pessell A, Wang TH, Hsieh K. Emerging Multiplex Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Tests for Combating COVID-19. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110978. [PMID: 36354487 PMCID: PMC9688249 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has drawn attention to the need for fast and accurate diagnostic testing. Concerns from emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and other circulating respiratory viral pathogens further underscore the importance of expanding diagnostic testing to multiplex detection, as single-plex diagnostic testing may fail to detect emerging variants and other viruses, while sequencing can be too slow and too expensive as a diagnostic tool. As a result, there have been significant advances in multiplex nucleic-acid-based virus diagnostic testing, creating a need for a timely review. This review first introduces frequent nucleic acid targets for multiplex virus diagnostic tests, then proceeds to a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of multiplex assays that incorporate various detection reactions and readout modalities. The performances, advantages, and disadvantages of these assays are discussed, followed by highlights of platforms that are amenable for point-of-care use. Finally, this review points out the remaining technical challenges and shares perspectives on future research and development. By examining the state of the art and synthesizing existing development in multiplex nucleic acid diagnostic tests, this review can provide a useful resource for facilitating future research and ultimately combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patarajarin Akarapipad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bertelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alexander Pessell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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16
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Wei Y, Zhang J, Liu X. Surfactant-Assisted Assembly of Dipeptide Forming a Broom-like Structure. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154876. [PMID: 35956826 PMCID: PMC9369827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the influence of surfactants on the assembly of peptides has a considerable practical motivation. In this paper, we systematically study the anionic surfactant-assisted assembly of diphenylalanine (FF). FF forms broom-like structures in a concentration of sodium cholate (NaC) around the CMC, and assembles into linear and unidirectional rods in the presence of low and high surfactant concentrations. FF’s improved hydrogen bonding and controlled assembly rates are appropriate for other anionic surfactants. At this stage, the use of FF as the simplest protein consequence can be helpful in the investigation of further protein–surfactant interactions.
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17
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Zeng Y, Qu X, Nie B, Mu Z, Li C, Li G. An electrochemical biosensor based on electroactive peptide nanoprobes for the sensitive analysis of tumor cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 215:114564. [PMID: 35853325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides possess many appealing and desirable features, which have attracted increasing attention in the field of electrochemical biosensing. However, peptides hardly produce noticeable electronic signals in response to target binding events. In this work, amphipathic peptides FFFGGGGRGDS with both target recognition and self-assembly capabilities are designed to be co-assembled with the electroactive species ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcCOOH). Furthermore, the resultant electroactive peptide nanoprobes (ePNPs) are applied for sensitive electrochemical analysis of tumor cells. Specifically, tumor cells are captured by the electrode modified with the corresponding DNA aptamers, and ePNPs can then selectively bind to integrin proteins on the cell surface, thereby accompanied by a remarkable increase of electrochemical signal. Taking the assay of MDA-MB-231 cells, the fabricated biosensor can detect cancer cells with a detection limit of 7 cells mL-1. Moreover, the ePNPs can act as a universal probe for the detection of different cell lines. Given the merits of easy synthesis, convenient operation, and favorable analytical performance, the proposed biosensor exhibits great potential in developing peptide-based electrochemical biosensing for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xinyu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Beibei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zheying Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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18
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Capocefalo A, Bizien T, Sennato S, Ghofraniha N, Bordi F, Brasili F. Responsivity of Fractal Nanoparticle Assemblies to Multiple Stimuli: Structural Insights on the Modulation of the Optical Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091529. [PMID: 35564238 PMCID: PMC9099587 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multi-responsive nanomaterials based on the self-limited assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles are of great interest due to their widespread employment in sensing applications. We present a thorough investigation of a hybrid nanomaterial based on the protein-mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles at varying protein concentration, pH and temperature. By combining Small Angle X-ray Scattering with extinction spectroscopy, we are able to frame the morphological features of the formed fractal aggregates in a theoretical model based on patchy interactions. Based on this, we established the main factors that determine the assembly process and their strong correlation with the optical properties of the assemblies. Moreover, the calibration curves that we obtained for each parameter investigated based on the extinction spectra point out to the notable flexibility of this nanomaterial, enabling the selection of different working ranges with high sensitivity. Our study opens for the rational tuning of the morphology and the optical properties of plasmonic assemblies to design colorimetric sensors with improved performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Capocefalo
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC-CNR), National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Thomas Bizien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, CEDEX, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Simona Sennato
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC-CNR), National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Neda Ghofraniha
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC-CNR), National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Federico Bordi
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC-CNR), National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Brasili
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC-CNR), National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (F.B.)
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