1
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Guo X, Liu W, Schwartz J, Sung SH, Zhang D, Shimizu M, Kondusamy ALN, Li L, Sun K, Deng H, Jeschke HO, Mazin II, Hovden R, Lv B, Zhao L. Extraordinary phase transition revealed in a van der Waals antiferromagnet. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6472. [PMID: 39085242 PMCID: PMC11291737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
While the surface-bulk correspondence has been ubiquitously shown in topological phases, the relationship between surface and bulk in Landau-like phases is much less explored. Theoretical investigations since 1970s for semi-infinite systems have predicted the possibility of the surface order emerging at a higher temperature than the bulk, clearly illustrating a counterintuitive situation and greatly enriching phase transitions. But experimental realizations of this prediction remain missing. Here, we demonstrate the higher-temperature surface and lower-temperature bulk phase transitions in CrSBr, a van der Waals (vdW) layered antiferromagnet. We leverage the surface sensitivity of electric dipole second harmonic generation (SHG) to resolve surface magnetism, the bulk nature of electric quadrupole SHG to probe bulk spin correlations, and their interference to capture the two magnetic domain states. Our density functional theory calculations show the suppression of ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic competition at the surface is responsible for this enhanced surface magnetism. Our results not only show counterintuitive, richer phase transitions in vdW magnets, but also provide viable ways to enhance magnetism in their 2D form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guo
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Department of Physics, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Schwartz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suk Hyun Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dechen Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aswin L N Kondusamy
- Department of Physics, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harald O Jeschke
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Igor I Mazin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Quantum Science and Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Robert Hovden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bing Lv
- Department of Physics, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Rivero-Carracedo G, Rybakov A, Baldoví JJ. Magnon Sensing of NO, NO 2 and NH 3 Gas Capture on CrSBr Monolayer. Chemistry 2024:e202401092. [PMID: 38856100 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution and greenhouse emissions are significant problems across various sectors, urging the need for advanced technologies to detect and capture harmful gases. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted increasing attention due to their large surface-to-volume ratio and reactivity. Herein, we investigate the potential of single-layer CrSBr for gas sensing and capturing by means of first-principles calculations. We explore the adsorption behaviour of different pollutant gases (H2S, NH3, NO, NO2, CO and CO2) on this 2D ferromagnet and the impact of intrinsic defects on its magnetic properties. Interestingly, we find that Br vacancies enhance the adsorption of NH3, NO and NO2 and induce a selective frequency shift on the magnon dispersion. This work motivates the creation of novel magnonic gas sensing devices based on 2D van der Waals magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rivero-Carracedo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Andrey Rybakov
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - José J Baldoví
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
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3
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Tabataba-Vakili F, Nguyen HPG, Rupp A, Mosina K, Papavasileiou A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Maletinsky P, Glazov MM, Sofer Z, Baimuratov AS, Högele A. Doping-control of excitons and magnetism in few-layer CrSBr. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4735. [PMID: 38830857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetism in two-dimensional materials reveals phenomena distinct from bulk magnetic crystals, with sensitivity to charge doping and electric fields in monolayer and bilayer van der Waals magnet CrI3. Within the class of layered magnets, semiconducting CrSBr stands out by featuring stability under ambient conditions, correlating excitons with magnetic order and thus providing strong magnon-exciton coupling, and exhibiting peculiar magneto-optics of exciton-polaritons. Here, we demonstrate that both exciton and magnetic transitions in bilayer and trilayer CrSBr are sensitive to voltage-controlled field-effect charging, exhibiting bound exciton-charge complexes and doping-induced metamagnetic transitions. Moreover, we demonstrate how these unique properties enable optical probes of local magnetic order, visualizing magnetic domains of competing phases across metamagnetic transitions induced by magnetic field or electrostatic doping. Our work identifies few-layer CrSBr as a rich platform for exploring collaborative effects of charge, optical excitations, and magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farsane Tabataba-Vakili
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799, München, Germany.
| | - Huy P G Nguyen
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Anna Rupp
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anastasios Papavasileiou
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | | | | | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anvar S Baimuratov
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany.
| | - Alexander Högele
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799, München, Germany.
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4
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Ziebel ME, Feuer ML, Cox J, Zhu X, Dean CR, Roy X. CrSBr: An Air-Stable, Two-Dimensional Magnetic Semiconductor. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4319-4329. [PMID: 38567828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of magnetic order at the 2D limit has sparked new exploration of van der Waals magnets for potential use in spintronics, magnonics, and quantum information applications. However, many of these materials feature low magnetic ordering temperatures and poor air stability, limiting their fabrication into practical devices. In this Mini-Review, we present a promising material for fundamental studies and functional use: CrSBr, an air-stable, two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor. Our discussion highlights experimental research on bulk CrSBr, including quasi-1D semiconducting properties, A-type antiferromagnetic order (TN = 132 K), and strong coupling between its electronic and magnetic properties. We then discuss the behavior of monolayer and few-layer flakes and present a perspective on promising avenues for further studies on CrSBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ziebel
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Margalit L Feuer
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jordan Cox
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Columbia University, Department of Physics, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
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5
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Meineke C, Schlosser J, Zizlsperger M, Liebich M, Nilforoushan N, Mosina K, Terres S, Chernikov A, Sofer Z, Huber MA, Florian M, Kira M, Dirnberger F, Huber R. Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics in the Atomically Thin van der Waals Magnet CrSBr. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4101-4107. [PMID: 38507732 PMCID: PMC11010225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Among atomically thin semiconductors, CrSBr stands out as both its bulk and monolayer forms host tightly bound, quasi-one-dimensional excitons in a magnetic environment. Despite its pivotal importance for solid-state research, the exciton lifetime has remained unknown. While terahertz polarization probing can directly trace all excitons, independently of interband selection rules, the corresponding large far-field foci substantially exceed the lateral sample dimensions. Here, we combine terahertz polarization spectroscopy with near-field microscopy to reveal a femtosecond decay of paramagnetic excitons in a monolayer of CrSBr, which is 30 times shorter than the bulk lifetime. We unveil low-energy fingerprints of bound and unbound electron-hole pairs in bulk CrSBr and extract the nonequilibrium dielectric function of the monolayer in a model-free manner. Our results demonstrate the first direct access to the ultrafast dielectric response of quasi-one-dimensional excitons in CrSBr, potentially advancing the development of quantum devices based on ultrathin van der Waals magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meineke
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schlosser
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zizlsperger
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Liebich
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niloufar Nilforoushan
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sophia Terres
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markus A. Huber
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Florian
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mackillo Kira
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert Huber
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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6
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González-Gutiérrez C, García-Pons D, Zueco D, Martínez-Pérez MJ. Scanning Spin Probe Based on Magnonic Vortex Quantum Cavities. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4717-4725. [PMID: 38271997 PMCID: PMC10867890 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Performing nanoscale scanning electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) requires three essential ingredients: First, a static magnetic field together with field gradients to Zeeman split the electronic energy levels with spatial resolution; second, a radio frequency (rf) magnetic field capable of inducing spin transitions; finally, a sensitive detection method to quantify the energy absorbed by spins. This is usually achieved by combining externally applied magnetic fields with inductive coils or cavities, fluorescent defects, or scanning probes. Here, we theoretically propose the realization of an EPR scanning sensor merging all three characteristics into a single device: the vortex core stabilized in ferromagnetic thin-film discs. On one hand, the vortex ground state generates a significant static magnetic field and field gradients. On the other hand, the precessional motion of the vortex core around its equilibrium position produces a circularly polarized oscillating magnetic field, which is enough to produce spin transitions. Finally, the spin-magnon coupling broadens the vortex gyrotropic frequency, suggesting a direct measure of the presence of unpaired electrons. Moreover, the vortex core can be displaced by simply using external magnetic fields of a few mT, enabling EPR scanning microscopy with large spatial resolution. Our numerical simulations show that, by using low damping magnets, it is theoretically possible to detect single spins located on the disc's surface. Vortex nanocavities could also attain strong coupling to individual spin molecular qubits with potential applications to mediate qubit-qubit interactions or to implement qubit readout protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos
A. González-Gutiérrez
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza ES-50009, Spain
- Department
of Physics and Applied Physics, University
of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Instituto
de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
| | - David García-Pons
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza ES-50009, Spain
| | - David Zueco
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza ES-50009, Spain
| | - María José Martínez-Pérez
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza ES-50009, Spain
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7
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Lin K, Sun X, Dirnberger F, Li Y, Qu J, Wen P, Sofer Z, Söll A, Winnerl S, Helm M, Zhou S, Dan Y, Prucnal S. Strong Exciton-Phonon Coupling as a Fingerprint of Magnetic Ordering in van der Waals Layered CrSBr. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2898-2905. [PMID: 38240736 PMCID: PMC10832030 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The layered, air-stable van der Waals antiferromagnetic compound CrSBr exhibits pronounced coupling among its optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. As an example, exciton dynamics can be significantly influenced by lattice vibrations through exciton-phonon coupling. Using low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate the effective coupling between excitons and phonons in nanometer-thick CrSBr. By careful analysis, we identify that the satellite peaks predominantly arise from the interaction between the exciton and an optical phonon with a frequency of 118 cm-1 (∼14.6 meV) due to the out-of-plane vibration of Br atoms. Power-dependent and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements support exciton-phonon coupling and indicate a coupling between magnetic and optical properties, suggesting the possibility of carrier localization in the material. The presence of strong coupling between the exciton and the lattice may have important implications for the design of light-matter interactions in magnetic semiconductors and provide insights into the exciton dynamics in CrSBr. This highlights the potential for exploiting exciton-phonon coupling to control the optical properties of layered antiferromagnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiman Lin
- University
of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 20024 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence
ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yi Li
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiang Qu
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peiting Wen
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aljoscha Söll
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stephan Winnerl
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yaping Dan
- University
of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 20024 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Slawomir Prucnal
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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8
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Serati de Brito C, Faria Junior PE, Ghiasi TS, Ingla-Aynés J, Rabahi CR, Cavalini C, Dirnberger F, Mañas-Valero S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Zollner K, Fabian J, Schüller C, van der Zant HSJ, Gobato YG. Charge Transfer and Asymmetric Coupling of MoSe 2 Valleys to the Magnetic Order of CrSBr. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 38019289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals heterostructures composed of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides and vdW magnetic materials offer an intriguing platform to functionalize valley and excitonic properties in nonmagnetic TMDs. Here, we report magneto photoluminescence (PL) investigations of monolayer (ML) MoSe2 on the layered A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor CrSBr under different magnetic field orientations. Our results reveal a clear influence of the CrSBr magnetic order on the optical properties of MoSe2, such as an anomalous linear-polarization dependence, changes of the exciton/trion energies, a magnetic-field dependence of the PL intensities, and a valley g-factor with signatures of an asymmetric magnetic proximity interaction. Furthermore, first-principles calculations suggest that MoSe2/CrSBr forms a broken-gap (type-III) band alignment, facilitating charge transfer processes. The work establishes that antiferromagnetic-nonmagnetic interfaces can be used to control the valley and excitonic properties of TMDs, relevant for the development of opto-spintronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Serati de Brito
- Physics Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paulo E Faria Junior
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Talieh S Ghiasi
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Ingla-Aynés
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - César Ricardo Rabahi
- Physics Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila Cavalini
- Physics Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Klaus Zollner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Fabian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schüller
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yara Galvão Gobato
- Physics Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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9
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Pawbake A, Pelini T, Mohelsky I, Jana D, Breslavetz I, Cho CW, Orlita M, Potemski M, Measson MA, Wilson NP, Mosina K, Soll A, Sofer Z, Piot BA, Zhitomirsky ME, Faugeras C. Magneto-Optical Sensing of the Pressure Driven Magnetic Ground States in Bulk CrSBr. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9587-9593. [PMID: 37823538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Competition between exchange interactions and magnetocrystalline anisotropy may bring new magnetic states that are of great current interest. An applied hydrostatic pressure can further be used to tune their balance. In this work, we investigate the magnetization process of a biaxial antiferromagnet in an external magnetic field applied along the easy axis. We find that the single metamagnetic transition of the Ising type observed in this material under ambient pressure transforms under hydrostatic pressure into two transitions, a first-order spin-flop transition followed by a second-order transition toward a polarized ferromagnetic state near saturation. This reversible tuning into a new magnetic phase is obtained in layered bulk CrSBr at low temperature by varying the interlayer distance using high hydrostatic pressure, which efficiently acts on the interlayer magnetic exchange and is probed by magneto-optical spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pawbake
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Pelini
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ivan Mohelsky
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dipankar Jana
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ivan Breslavetz
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chang-Woo Cho
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Milan Orlita
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marek Potemski
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics, PAS, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Nathan P Wilson
- Walter Schottky Institut, Physics Department and MCQST, Technische Universitat Munchen, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aljoscha Soll
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin A Piot
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mike E Zhitomirsky
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, Pheliqs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Clement Faugeras
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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10
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Long F, Ghorbani-Asl M, Mosina K, Li Y, Lin K, Ganss F, Hübner R, Sofer Z, Dirnberger F, Kamra A, Krasheninnikov AV, Prucnal S, Helm M, Zhou S. Ferromagnetic Interlayer Coupling in CrSBr Crystals Irradiated by Ions. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8468-8473. [PMID: 37669544 PMCID: PMC10540254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Layered magnetic materials are becoming a major platform for future spin-based applications. Particularly, the air-stable van der Waals compound CrSBr is attracting considerable interest due to its prominent magneto-transport and magneto-optical properties. In this work, we observe a transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior in CrSBr crystals exposed to high-energy, non-magnetic ions. Already at moderate fluences, ion irradiation induces a remanent magnetization with hysteresis adapting to the easy-axis anisotropy of the pristine magnetic order up to a critical temperature of 110 K. Structure analysis of the irradiated crystals in conjunction with density functional theory calculations suggests that the displacement of constituent atoms due to collisions with ions and the formation of interstitials favors ferromagnetic order between the layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Long
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yi Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaiman Lin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- University
of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fabian Ganss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence
ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Akashdeep Kamra
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Departamento de Física Teórica
de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria
de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arkady V. Krasheninnikov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Slawomir Prucnal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Dirnberger F, Quan J, Bushati R, Diederich GM, Florian M, Klein J, Mosina K, Sofer Z, Xu X, Kamra A, García-Vidal FJ, Alù A, Menon VM. Magneto-optics in a van der Waals magnet tuned by self-hybridized polaritons. Nature 2023; 620:533-537. [PMID: 37587298 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling quantum materials with light is of fundamental and technological importance. By utilizing the strong coupling of light and matter in optical cavities1-3, recent studies were able to modify some of their most defining features4-6. Here we study the magneto-optical properties of a van der Waals magnet that supports strong coupling of photons and excitons even in the absence of external cavity mirrors. In this material-the layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr-emergent light-matter hybrids called polaritons are shown to substantially increase the spectral bandwidth of correlations between the magnetic, electronic and optical properties, enabling largely tunable optical responses to applied magnetic fields and magnons. Our results highlight the importance of exciton-photon self-hybridization in van der Waals magnets and motivate novel directions for the manipulation of quantum material properties by strong light-matter coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiamin Quan
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rezlind Bushati
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Diederich
- Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthias Florian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Julian Klein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Akashdeep Kamra
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Marques-Moros F, Boix-Constant C, Mañas-Valero S, Canet-Ferrer J, Coronado E. Interplay between Optical Emission and Magnetism in the van der Waals Magnetic Semiconductor CrSBr in the Two-Dimensional Limit. ACS NANO 2023; 17:13224-13231. [PMID: 37442121 PMCID: PMC10863932 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The van der Waals semiconductor metamagnet CrSBr offers an ideal platform for studying the interplay between optical and magnetic properties in the two-dimensional limit. Here, we carried out an exhaustive optical characterization of this material by means of temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent photoluminescence (PL) on flakes of different thicknesses down to the monolayer. We found a characteristic emission peak that is quenched upon switching the ferromagnetic layers from an antiparallel to a parallel configuration and exhibits a temperature dependence different from that of the peaks commonly ascribed to excitons. The contribution of this peak to the PL is boosted around 30-40 K, coinciding with the hidden order magnetic transition temperature. Our findings reveal the connection between the optical and magnetic properties via the ionization of magnetic donor vacancies. This behavior enables a useful tool for the optical reading of the magnetic states in atomically thin layers of CrSBr and shows the potential of the design of 2D heterostructures with magnetic and excitonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Boix-Constant
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
(ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
(ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Josep Canet-Ferrer
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
(ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
(ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
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13
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Klein J, Pingault B, Florian M, Heißenbüttel MC, Steinhoff A, Song Z, Torres K, Dirnberger F, Curtis JB, Weile M, Penn A, Deilmann T, Dana R, Bushati R, Quan J, Luxa J, Sofer Z, Alù A, Menon VM, Wurstbauer U, Rohlfing M, Narang P, Lončar M, Ross FM. The Bulk van der Waals Layered Magnet CrSBr is a Quasi-1D Material. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5316-5328. [PMID: 36926838 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Correlated quantum phenomena in one-dimensional (1D) systems that exhibit competing electronic and magnetic order are of strong interest for the study of fundamental interactions and excitations, such as Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids and topological orders and defects with properties completely different from the quasiparticles expected in their higher-dimensional counterparts. However, clean 1D electronic systems are difficult to realize experimentally, particularly for magnetically ordered systems. Here, we show that the van der Waals layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr behaves like a quasi-1D material embedded in a magnetically ordered environment. The strong 1D electronic character originates from the Cr-S chains and the combination of weak interlayer hybridization and anisotropy in effective mass and dielectric screening, with an effective electron mass ratio of mXe/mYe ∼ 50. This extreme anisotropy experimentally manifests in strong electron-phonon and exciton-phonon interactions, a Peierls-like structural instability, and a Fano resonance from a van Hove singularity of similar strength to that of metallic carbon nanotubes. Moreover, because of the reduced dimensionality and interlayer coupling, CrSBr hosts spectrally narrow (1 meV) excitons of high binding energy and oscillator strength that inherit the 1D character. Overall, CrSBr is best understood as a stack of weakly hybridized monolayers and appears to be an experimentally attractive candidate for the study of exotic exciton and 1D-correlated many-body physics in the presence of magnetic order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Klein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin Pingault
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Florian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - Alexander Steinhoff
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhigang Song
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kierstin Torres
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Jonathan B Curtis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- College of Letters and Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Mads Weile
- Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aubrey Penn
- MIT.nano, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thorsten Deilmann
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rami Dana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rezlind Bushati
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jiamin Quan
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10026, United States
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10026, United States
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ursula Wurstbauer
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Rohlfing
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- College of Letters and Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Marko Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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