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Flores-Mena JE, García-Sánchez P, Ramos A. Induced-charge electrophoresis of a tilted metal nanowire near an insulating wall. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:045109. [PMID: 38755876 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.045109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electric fields are commonly used to control the orientation and motion of microscopic metal particles in aqueous suspensions. For example, metallodielectric Janus spheres are propelled by the induced-charge electro-osmotic flow occurring on their metallic side, the most common case in electrokinetics of exploiting symmetry breaking of surface properties for achieving net particle motion. In this work, we demonstrate that a homogeneous metal rod can translate parallel to a dielectric wall as a result of the hydrodynamic wall-particle interaction arising from the induced-charge electro-osmosis on the rod surface. The applied electric field could be either dc or low-frequency ac. The only requirement for a nonvanishing particle velocity is that the axis of the rod be inclined with respect to the wall, i.e., it cannot be neither parallel nor perpendicular. We show numerical results of the rod velocity as a function of rod orientation and distance to the wall. The maximum particle velocity is found for an orientation of between ∼30^{∘} and ∼50^{∘}, depending on the position and aspect ratio of the cylinder. Particle velocities of up to tens of µm/s are predicted for typical conditions in electrokinetic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Eladio Flores-Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, San Manuel, CU. FCE2, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Pablo García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Ramos
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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2
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Wang H, Li H, Gu P, Huang C, Chen S, Hu C, Lee E, Xu J, Zhu J. Electric, magnetic, and shear field-directed assembly of inorganic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2018-2035. [PMID: 36648016 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ordered assemblies of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have shown tremendous potential for wide applications due to their unique collective properties, which differ from those of individual NPs. Various assembly methods, such as external field-directed assembly, interfacial assembly, template assembly, biomolecular recognition-mediated assembly, confined assembly, and others, have been employed to generate ordered inorganic NP assemblies with hierarchical structures. Among them, the external field-directed assembly method is particularly fascinating, as it can remotely assemble NPs into well-ordered superstructures. Moreover, external fields (e.g., electric, magnetic, and shear fields) can introduce a local and/or global field intensity gradient, resulting in an additional force on NPs to drive their rotation and/or translation. Therefore, the external field-directed assembly of NPs becomes a robust method to fabricate well-defined functional materials with the desired optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, which have various applications in catalysis, sensing, disease diagnosis, energy conversion/storage, photonics, nano-floating-gate memory, and others. In this review, the effects of an electric field, magnetic field, and shear field on the organization of inorganic NPs are highlighted. The methods for controlling the well-ordered organization of inorganic NPs at different scales and their advantages are reviewed. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Pan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Caili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Senbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Chenglong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
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3
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Mujica M, Mohabir A, Shetty PP, Cline WR, Aziz D, McDowell MT, Breedveld V, Behrens SH, Filler MA. Programming Semiconductor Nanowire Composition with Sub-100 nm Resolution via the Geode Process. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:554-560. [PMID: 34989235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the vapor-liquid-solid growth of single-crystalline i-Si, i-Si/n-Si, and SixGe1-x/SiyGe1-y nanowires via the Geode process. By enabling nanowire growth on the large internal surface area of a microcapsule powder, the Geode process improves the scalability of semiconductor nanowire manufacturing while maintaining nanoscale programmability. Here, we show that heat and mass transport limitations introduced by the microcapsule wall are negligible, enabling the same degree of compositional control for nanowires grown inside microcapsules and on conventional flat substrates. Efficient heat and mass transport also minimize the structural variations of nanowires grown in microcapsules with different diameters and wall thicknesses. Nanowires containing at least 16 segments and segment lengths below 75 nm are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Mujica
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Amar Mohabir
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Pralav P Shetty
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wesley R Cline
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Daniel Aziz
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Matthew T McDowell
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Victor Breedveld
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sven Holger Behrens
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael A Filler
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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4
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Zhou R, Hong D, Gao S, Gu Y, Liu X. Electric Field Induced Electrorotation of 2D Perovskite Microplates. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101228. [PMID: 34683279 PMCID: PMC8537397 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High precision-controlled movement of microscale devices is crucial to obtain advanced miniaturized motors. In this work, we report a high-speed rotating micromotor based on two-dimensional (2D) all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 microplates controlled via alternating-current (AC) external electric field. Firstly, the device configuration with optimized electric field distribution has been determined via systematic physical simulation. Using this optimized biasing configuration, when an AC electric field is applied at the four-electrode system, the microplates suspended in the tetradecane solution rotate at a speed inversely proportional to AC frequency, with a maximum speed of 16.4 × 2π rad/s. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of CsPbBr3 microplates has been determined in a contactless manner, which is approximately 10−9–10−8 S/m. Our work has extended the investigations on AC electric field-controlled micromotors from 1D to 2D scale, shedding new light on developing micromotors with new configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Zhou
- College of Microtechnology & Microtechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Daobiao Hong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
| | - Siyu Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuhai Liu
- College of Microtechnology & Microtechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (X.L.)
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5
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6
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Dipolophoresis and Travelling-Wave Dipolophoresis of Metal Microparticles. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030259. [PMID: 32121203 PMCID: PMC7143896 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We study theoretically and numerically the electrokinetic behavior of metal microparticles immersed in aqueous electrolytes. We consider small particles subjected to non-homogeneous ac electric fields and we describe their motion as arising from the combination of electrical forces (dielectrophoresis) and the electroosmotic flows on the particle surface (induced-charge electrophoresis). The net particle motion is known as dipolophoresis. We also study the particle motion induced by travelling electric fields. We find analytical expressions for the dielectrophoresis and induced-charge electrophoresis of metal spheres and we compare them with numerical solutions. This validates our numerical method, which we also use to study the dipolophoresis of metal cylinders.
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7
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Rodríguez-Sánchez L, Ramos A, García-Sánchez P. Electrorotation of semiconducting microspheres. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:042616. [PMID: 31770957 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.042616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study experimentally the electrorotation (ROT) of semiconducting microspheres. ZnO microspheres obtained by a hydrothermal synthesis method are dispersed in KCl aqueous solutions and subjected to rotating electric fields. Two ROT peaks are found in experiments: a counterfield peak and a cofield peak at somewhat higher frequencies. These observations are in accordance with recent theoretical predictions for semiconducting spheres. The counterfield rotation is originated by the charging of the electrical double layer at the particle-electrolyte interface, while the cofield rotation is due to the Maxwell-Wagner relaxation. Additionally, we also found that some microspheres in the sample behaved differently and only showed counterfield rotation. We show that the behavior of these particles can be described by the so-called shell model. The microstructure of the microspheres is analyzed with electron microscope techniques and related to the ROT measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laida Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Departamento Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Ramos
- Departamento Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Sánchez
- Departamento Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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8
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Yuan W, Tutuncuoglu G, Mohabir A, Liu L, Feldman LC, Filler MA, Shan JW. Contactless Electrical and Structural Characterization of Semiconductor Nanowires with Axially Modulated Doping Profiles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805140. [PMID: 30884159 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient characterization of semiconductor nanowires having complex dopant profiles or heterostructures is critical to fully understand these materials and the devices built from them. Existing electrical characterization techniques are slow and laborious, particularly for multisegment nanowires, and impede the statistical understanding of highly variable samples. Here, it is shown that electro-orientation spectroscopy (EOS)-a high-throughput, noncontact method for statistically characterizing the electrical properties of entire nanowire ensembles-can determine the conductivity and dimensions of two distinct segments in individual Si nanowires with axially encoded dopant profiles. This analysis combines experimental measurements and computational simulations to determine the electrical conductivity of the nominally undoped segment of two-segment Si nanowires, as well as the ratio of the segment lengths. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by comparing results generated by EOS with conventional four-point-probe measurements. This work provides new insights into the control and variability of semiconductor nanowires for electronic applications and is a critical first step toward the high-throughput interrogation of complete nanowire-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Yuan
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Gozde Tutuncuoglu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Amar Mohabir
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Leonard C Feldman
- Department of Material Science & Engineering and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Michael A Filler
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jerry W Shan
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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9
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Flores-Mena JE, García-Sánchez P, Ramos A. Electrokinetics of metal cylinders. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:032603. [PMID: 30999434 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.032603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically the rotation induced on an uncharged metal nanocylinder immersed in an electrolyte by AC electric fields. We consider the rotation of the cylinder when subjected to a rotating electric field (electrorotation) and the orientation of the cylinder in an AC field with constant direction (electro-orientation). The cylinder rotation is due to two mechanisms: the electric field interaction with the induced dipole on the particle and the hydrodynamic stress on the particle originated by the induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) flow around the particle. The cylinder rotation induced by the ICEO mechanism can be calculated by using the Lorentz reciprocal theorem, while the rotation due to the induced dipole is calculated from the cylinder polarizability. We employ 3D numerical computations using finite elements for the general case as well as analytical methods for slender cylinders. Both calculations use the thin-double-layer approximation. We compare the results for slender cylinders of both methods showing good agreement. The electro-orientation (EOr) due to dipole torque aligns the axis of slender cylinders with the applied field, but aligns the axis of short cylinders perpendicularly to the field. The EOr due to ICEO torque always aligns the axis of cylinders with the field. The rotation induced by ICEO torque tends to disappear for frequencies of the applied field much greater than the characteristic frequency for charging the double-layer capacitance of the metal-electrolyte interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Flores-Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, San Manuel, 72570, CU., FCE2 Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Pablo García-Sánchez
- Depto. Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Ramos
- Depto. Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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10
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García-Sánchez P, Flores-Mena JE, Ramos A. Modeling the AC Electrokinetic Behavior of Semiconducting Spheres. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10020100. [PMID: 30700028 PMCID: PMC6412628 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We study theoretically the dielectrophoresis and electrorotation of a semiconducting microsphere immersed in an aqueous electrolyte. To this end, the particle polarizability is calculated from first principles for arbitrary thickness of the Debye layers in liquid and semiconductor. We show that the polarizability dispersion arises from the combination of two relaxation interfacial phenomena: charging of the electrical double layer and the Maxwell⁻Wagner relaxation. We also calculate the particle polarizability in the limit of thin electrical double layers, which greatly simplifies the analytical calculations. Finally, we show the model predictions for two relevant materials (ZnO and doped silicon) and discuss the limits of validity of the thin double layer approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Jose Eladio Flores-Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
| | - Antonio Ramos
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Yu K, Yi J, Shan JW. Automated characterization and assembly of individual nanowires for device fabrication. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1494-1503. [PMID: 29707725 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The automated sorting and positioning of nanowires and nanotubes is essential to enabling the scalable manufacturing of nanodevices for a variety of applications. However, two fundamental challenges still remain: (i) automated placement of individual nanostructures in precise locations, and (ii) the characterization and sorting of highly variable nanomaterials to construct well-controlled nanodevices. Here, we propose and demonstrate an integrated, electric-field based method for the simultaneous automated characterization, manipulation, and assembly of nanowires (ACMAN) with selectable electrical conductivities into nanodevices. We combine contactless and solution-based electro-orientation spectroscopy and electrophoresis-based motion-control, planning and manipulation strategies to simultaneously characterize and manipulate multiple individual nanowires. These nanowires can be selected according to their electrical characteristics and precisely positioned at different locations in a low-conductivity liquid to form functional nanodevices with desired electrical properties. We validate the ACMAN design by assembling field-effect transistors (FETs) with silicon nanowires of selected electrical conductivities. The design scheme provides a key enabling technology for the scalable, automated sorting and assembly of nanowires and nanotubes to build functional nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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12
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Cetindag S, Tiwari B, Zhang D, Yap YK, Kim S, Shan JW. Surface-charge effects on the electro-orientation of insulating boron-nitride nanotubes in aqueous suspension. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:1185-1192. [PMID: 28732394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Semih Cetindag
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bishnu Tiwari
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Yoke Khin Yap
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Sangil Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 810 S. Clinton, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jerry W Shan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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13
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García-Sánchez P, Ramos A. Electrorotation and Electroorientation of Semiconductor Nanowires. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8553-8561. [PMID: 28771366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of experimental studies have shown electric-field manipulation of nanowires dispersed in liquids. We demonstrate from first-principles that the electrical response of semiconductor nanowires in liquids must be described by considering, at least, two mechanisms for interfacial polarization: the classical Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization and the formation of an electrical double layer. We compare the theoretical predictions with our experimental data and with data published elsewhere and show that both mechanisms play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Sánchez
- Departimento Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla , Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012, Sevilla Spain
| | - Antonio Ramos
- Departimento Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla , Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012, Sevilla Spain
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14
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Behrens SH, Breedveld V, Mujica M, Filler MA. Process Principles for Large-Scale Nanomanufacturing. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 8:201-226. [PMID: 28375773 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nanomanufacturing—the fabrication of macroscopic products from well-defined nanoscale building blocks—in a truly scalable and versatile manner is still far from our current reality. Here, we describe the barriers to large-scale nanomanufacturing and identify routes to overcome them. We argue for nanomanufacturing systems consisting of an iterative sequence of synthesis/assembly and separation/sorting unit operations, analogous to those used in chemicals manufacturing. In addition to performance and economic considerations, phenomena unique to the nanoscale must guide the design of each unit operation and the overall process flow. We identify and discuss four key nanomanufacturing process design needs: (a) appropriately selected process break points, (b) synthesis techniques appropriate for large-scale manufacturing, (c) new structure- and property-based separations, and (d) advances in stabilization and packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Behrens
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Victor Breedveld
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Maritza Mujica
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Michael A. Filler
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
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15
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Ramos A, García-Sánchez P, Morgan H. AC electrokinetics of conducting microparticles: A review. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Akin C, Feldman LC, Durand C, Hus SM, Li AP, Hui HY, Filler MA, Yi J, Shan JW. High-throughput electrical measurement and microfluidic sorting of semiconductor nanowires. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2126-2134. [PMID: 27171977 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00217j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Existing nanowire electrical characterization tools not only are expensive and require sophisticated facilities, but are far too slow to enable statistical characterization of highly variable samples. They are also generally not compatible with further sorting and processing of nanowires. Here, we demonstrate a high-throughput, solution-based electro-orientation-spectroscopy (EOS) method, which is capable of automated electrical characterization of individual nanowires by direct optical visualization of their alignment behavior under spatially uniform electric fields of different frequencies. We demonstrate that EOS can quantitatively characterize the electrical conductivities of nanowires over a 6-order-of-magnitude range (10(-5) to 10 S m(-1), corresponding to typical carrier densities of 10(10)-10(16) cm(-3)), with different fluids used to suspend the nanowires. By implementing EOS in a simple microfluidic device, continuous electrical characterization is achieved, and the sorting of nanowires is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept. With measurement speeds two orders of magnitude faster than direct-contact methods, the automated EOS instrument enables for the first time the statistical characterization of highly variable 1D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cevat Akin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Leonard C Feldman
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Corentin Durand
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Saban M Hus
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - An-Ping Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Ho Yee Hui
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Michael A Filler
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jingang Yi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Jerry W Shan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. and Institute of Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Wang K, Jin SM, Xu J, Liang R, Shezad K, Xue Z, Xie X, Lee E, Zhu J. Electric-Field-Assisted Assembly of Polymer-Tethered Gold Nanorods in Cylindrical Nanopores. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4954-60. [PMID: 27054687 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate the confined assembly of polymer-tethered gold nanorods in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) channels with the assistance of electric field (EF). Various interesting hybrid assemblies, such as single-, double-, triple-, or quadruple-helix, linear, and hexagonally packed structures are obtained by adjusting pore size in AAO channels, ligand length, and EF orientation. Correspondingly, surface plasmonic property of the assemblies can thus be tuned. This strategy, by coupling of external-field and cylindrically confined assembly, is believed to be a promising approach for generating ordered hybrid assemblies with hierarchical structures, which may find potential applications in photoelectric devices, biosensors, and data storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Seon-Mi Jin
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Khurram Shezad
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Eunji Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
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Mito M, Matsui H, Yoshida T, Anami T, Tsuruta K, Deguchi H, Iwamoto T, Terada D, Miyajima Y, Tsuji N. Contactless electrical conductivity measurement of metallic submicron-grain material: Application to the study of aluminum with severe plastic deformation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:053905. [PMID: 27250440 DOI: 10.1063/1.4950868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We measured the electrical conductivity σ of aluminum specimen consisting of submicron-grains by observing the AC magnetic susceptibility resulting from the eddy current. By using a commercial platform for magnetic measurement, contactless measurement of the relative electrical conductivity σn of a nonmagnetic metal is possible over a wide temperature (T) range. By referring to σ at room temperature, obtained by the four-terminal method, σn(T) was transformed into σ(T). This approach is useful for cylinder specimens, in which the estimation of the radius and/or volume is difficult. An experiment in which aluminum underwent accumulative roll bonding, which is a severe plastic deformation process, validated this method of evaluating σ as a function of the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - H Matsui
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - T Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - T Anami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - K Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - H Deguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - T Iwamoto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - D Terada
- Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Y Miyajima
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - N Tsuji
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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