1
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D'Antoni P, Toffoli D, Fronzoni G, Stener M, Sementa L, Fortunelli A. Dichroism of plasmonic chiral nanoalloys by rational design. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1657-1666. [PMID: 38551316 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) simulations are conducted on a series of chiral gold/silver alloy nanowires to explore whether silver doping can produce an enhancement of circular dichroism at the plasmon resonance in these systems, and to identify the quantum-mechanical origin of the observed effects. We find a strong plasmonic dichroism when one or two helixes of gold atoms are substituted by silver in a linear chiral nanotube, whose pure gold counterpart does not display any plasmonic dichroism, and we rationalize this finding in terms of "decoupling" the destructive interference of excitations in the pure gold nanotube via alloying. However, further attempts to increase the plasmonic dichroism by considering multi-shell gold nanowires in which one entire shell is doped with silver did not produce the desired effect, but rather a decrease in circular dichroism. We show that this latter result is due to a more severe destructive interference in the dipole excitation contributions, and suggest that further amplification should be possible in principle by properly tuning simultaneously the nanowire structure and chemical ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo D'Antoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Toffoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fronzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Ayala-Orozco C, Li G, Li B, Vardanyan V, Kolomeisky AB, Tour JM. How to Build Plasmon-Driven Molecular Jackhammers that Disassemble Cell Membranes and Cytoskeletons in Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309910. [PMID: 38183304 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Plasmon-driven molecular machines with ultrafast motion at the femtosecond scale are effective for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. It is recently shown that cyanine dyes act as molecular jackhammers (MJH) through vibronic (vibrational and electronic mode coupling) driven activation that causes the molecule to stretch longitudinally and axially through concerted whole molecule vibrations. However, the theoretical and experimental underpinnings of these plasmon-driven motions in molecules are difficult to assess. Here the use of near-infrared (NIR) light-activated plasmons in a broad array of MJH that mechanically disassemble membranes and cytoskeletons in human melanoma A375 cells is described. The characteristics of plasmon-driven molecular mechanical disassembly of supramolecular biological structures are observed and recorded using real-time fluorescence confocal microscopy. Molecular plasmon resonances in MJH are quantified through a new experimental plasmonicity index method. This is done through the measurement of the UV-vis-NIR spectra in various solvents, and quantification of the optical response as a function of the solvent polarity. Structure-activity relationships are used to optimize the synthesis of plasmon-driven MJH, applying them to eradicate human melanoma A375 cells at low lethal concentrations of 75 nm and 80 mW cm-2 of 730 nm NIR-light for 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Vardan Vardanyan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | | | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, the Smalley-Curl Institute, the Nano Carbon Center, and the Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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3
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Luo L, Liu Z, Kong J, Gianopoulos CG, Coburn I, Kirschbaum K, Zhou M, Jin R. Three-atom-wide gold quantum rods with periodic elongation and strongly polarized excitons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318537121. [PMID: 38412123 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318537121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Atomically precise control over anisotropic nanoclusters constitutes a grand challenge in nanoscience. In this work, we report our success in achieving a periodic series of atomically precise gold quantum rods (abbrev. Au QRs) with unusual excitonic properties. These QRs possess hexagonal close-packed kernels with a constant three-atom diameter but increasing aspect ratios (ARs) from 6.3 to 18.7, all being protected by the same thiolate (SR) ligand. The kernels of the QRs are in a Au1-(Au3)n-Au1 configuration (where n is the number of Au3 layers) and follow a periodic elongation with a uniform Au18(SR)12 increment consisting of four Au3 layers. These Au QRs possess distinct HOMO-LUMO gaps (Eg = 0.6 to 1.3 eV) and exhibit strongly polarized excitonic transition along the longitudinal direction, resulting in very intense absorption in the near-infrared (800 to 1,700 nm). While excitons in gapped systems and plasmons in gapless systems are distinctly different types of excitations, the strongly polarized excitons in Au QRs surprisingly exhibit plasmon-like behaviors manifested in the shape-induced polarization, very intense absorption (~106 M-1 cm-1), and linear scaling relations with the AR, all of which resemble the behaviors of conventional metallic-state Au nanorods (i.e., gapless systems), but the QRs possess distinct gaps and very long excited-state lifetimes (10 to 2,122 ns), which hold promise in applications such as near-infrared solar energy utilization, hot carrier generation and transfer. The observation of plasmon-like behaviors from single-electron transitions in Au QRs elegantly bridges the distinct realms of single-electron and collective-electron excitations and may stimulate more research on excitonics and plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianshun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jie Kong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | | - Isabelle Coburn
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kristin Kirschbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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4
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Guin S, Halder SC, Manna S, Jana AD. Quantifying plasmonic characteristics of pure and alkali doped aluminium clusters. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 127:108690. [PMID: 38056171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Study of plasmonic response of molecules and metal nanoclusters have drawn a considerable attention during recent times due to their various practical applications. In this study, the optical properties and the plasmonic response of our recently reported Al13+ cluster [Guin et al. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 2020, 97, 107544] and its alkali doped counterparts [Guin et al. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 2021, 27, 235] have been investigated based on Transition dipole moment (TDM), Natural Transition Orbital (NTO) and transition inverse participation ratio (TIPR) indices. Recently these indices have been utilized by various scientists to characterize plasmonic transitions of molecular systems and metal nanoclusters. In TDM analysis, the magnitude of all the contributing TDMs associated with the molecular orbital transitions have been estimated along with the angles the individual dipoles make with the resultant dipole moment vector. A transition having at least two dominating TDM contributions along with phase matching indicate a collective or plasmonic transition. The collectiveness of orbital transitions is also corroborated through NTO and TIPR analysis. The effect of solvent medium on the optical properties and plasmonic transitions have also been studied using time dependent density functional theory in the conductor like polarizable continuum model (TDDFT-CPCM). The solvent has a strong impact on the optical properties as well as the plasmonic response of the clusters. The dielectric environment of the solvent red shifts and broadens the spectra with respect to that in the gas phase. Plasmon like excitations have been found for Li doped Al13+ cluster without solvent and Na doped Al13+ cluster in ethanol and THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Guin
- Department of Physics, Behala College, Parnasree, Kolkata, 700060, West Bengal, India
| | - Sasthi Charan Halder
- Department of Physics, Behala College, Parnasree, Kolkata, 700060, West Bengal, India
| | - Shovan Manna
- Department of Physics, Behala College, Parnasree, Kolkata, 700060, West Bengal, India
| | - Atish Dipankar Jana
- Department of Physics, Behala College, Parnasree, Kolkata, 700060, West Bengal, India; Institute of Astronomy Space and Earth Sciences, P-177, CIT Road, Scheme 7m, Ultadanga station, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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5
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Yamada A. Molecular Simulation Study of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Liquid Water. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:51-61. [PMID: 38127813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We developed in our previous study [J. Chem. Phys., 2021, 155, 174118, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2022, 126, 4762] a classical electronic and molecular dynamics simulation method to describe the optical response of metal material in solution based on an atomistic model by incorporating the classical equation of motion for free electrons under an applied electric field. To show further usefulness of the method, in the present study, we apply it to surface-enhanced Raman scattering of liquid water to examine the signal enhancement of the solution system caused by plasmon resonance effects of a silver nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
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6
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Domenis N, Grobas Illobre P, Marsili M, Stener M, Toffoli D, Coccia E. Time Evolution of Plasmonic Features in Pentagonal Ag Clusters. Molecules 2023; 28:5671. [PMID: 37570641 PMCID: PMC10420145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we apply recently developed real-time descriptors to study the time evolution of plasmonic features of pentagonal Ag clusters. The method is based on the propagation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation within a singly excited TDDFT ansatz. We use transition contribution maps (TCMs) and induced density to characterize the optical longitudinal and transverse response of such clusters, when interacting with pulses resonant with the low-energy (around 2-3 eV, A1) size-dependent or the high-energy (around 4 eV, E1) size-independent peak. TCMs plots on the analyzed clusters, Ag25+ and Ag43+ show off-diagonal peaks consistent with a plasmonic response when a longitudinal pulse resonant at A1 frequency is applied, and dominant diagonal spots, typical of a molecular transition, when a transverse E1 pulse is employed. Induced densities confirm this behavior, with a dipole-like charge distribution in the first case. The optical features show a time delay with respect to the evolution of the external pulse, consistent with those found in the literature for real-time TDDFT calculations on metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Domenis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Marsili
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi”, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Toffoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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7
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Hull OA, Aikens CM. Theoretical Investigations on the Plasmon-Mediated Dissociation of Small Molecules in the Presence of Silver Atomic Wires. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2228-2241. [PMID: 36862925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles can promote bond activation in adsorbed molecules under relatively benign conditions via excitation of the nanoparticle's plasmon resonance. As the plasmon resonance often falls within the visible light region, plasmonic nanomaterials are a promising class of catalysts. However, the exact mechanisms through which plasmonic nanoparticles activate the bonds of nearby molecules are still unclear. Herein, we evaluate Ag8-X2 (X = N, H) model systems via real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT), linear response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT), and Ehrenfest dynamics in order to better understand the bond activation processes of N2 and H2 facilitated by the presence of the atomic silver wire under excitation at the plasmon resonance energies. We find that dissociation is possible for both small molecules at high electric field strength. Activation of each adsorbate is symmetry- and electric field-dependent, and H2 activates at lower electric field strengths than N2. This work serves as a step toward understanding the complex time-dependent electron and electron-nuclear dynamics between plasmonic nanowires and adsorbed small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Hull
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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8
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Della Sala F, Pachter R, Sukharev M. Advances in modeling plasmonic systems. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:190401. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0130790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Della Sala
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano, LE, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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9
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Coviello V, Forrer D, Amendola V. Recent Developments in Plasmonic Alloy Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Modelling, Properties and Applications. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200136. [PMID: 35502819 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the traditional plasmonic materials are counted on one hand, there are a lot of possible combinations leading to alloys with other elements of the periodic table, in particular those renowned for magnetic or catalytic properties. It is not a surprise, therefore, that nanoalloys are considered for their ability to open new perspectives in the panorama of plasmonics, representing a leading research sector nowadays. This is demonstrated by a long list of studies describing multiple applications of nanoalloys in photonics, photocatalysis, sensing and magneto-optics, where plasmons are combined with other physical and chemical phenomena. In some remarkable cases, the amplification of the conventional properties and even new effects emerged. However, this field is still in its infancy and several challenges must be overcome, starting with the synthesis (control of composition, crystalline order, size, processability, achievement of metastable phases and disordered compounds) as well as the modelling of the structure and properties (accuracy of results, reliability of structural predictions, description of disordered phases, evolution over time) of nanoalloys. To foster the research on plasmonic nanoalloys, here we provide an overview of the most recent results and developments in the field, organized according to synthetic strategies, modelling approaches, dominant properties and reported applications. Considering the several plasmonic nanoalloys under development as well as the large number of those still awaiting synthesis, modelling, properties assessment and technological exploitation, we expect a great impact on the forthcoming solutions for sustainability, ultrasensitive and accurate detection, information processing and many other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Coviello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Forrer
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
- CNR - ICMATE, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Amendola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
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10
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Yamada A. Computational Analyses of Plasmonics of a Silver Nanoparticle in a Vacuum and in a Water Solution by Classical Electronic and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4762-4771. [PMID: 35853175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present basic optical responses of a silver nanoparticle (Ag309) in a vacuum and a water solution obtained by classical electronic and molecular dynamics (CEMD) calculations, where the CEMD is our previously developed force-field based molecular dynamics simulation method that incorporates the classical equation of motion for free electrons in metal and an interaction with the applied oscillating electric field (Yamada, A. J. Chem. Phys. 2021, 155, 174118)). The present work is the follow-up of the previous study. Calculated absorption spectra in the visible region with various conditions are reported together with parameter determination for realistic analyses as well as the verification of the method. Time-domain optical responses of Ag309 in water solvent are as well analyzed in terms of the plasmon resonance excitation under a subpicosecond light pulse and its thermal relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamada
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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11
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Zhu Y, Xing X, Liu Z, Meng H. A step towards the application of molecular plasmonic-like excitations of PAH derivatives in organic electrochromics. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Müller MM, Perdana N, Rockstuhl C, Holzer C. Modeling and measuring plasmonic excitations in hollow spherical gold nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:094103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate molecular plasmonic excitations sustained in hollow spherical gold nanoparticles using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Specifically, we consider Au60 spherical, hollow molecules as a toy model for single-shell plasmonic molecules. To quantify the plasmonic character of the excitations obtained from TD-DFT, the energy-based plasmonicity index is generalized to the framework of DFT, validated on simple systems such as the sodium Na20 chain and the silver Ag20 compound, and subsequently successfully applied to more complex molecules. We also compare the quantum mechanical TD-DFT simulations to those obtained from a classical Mie theory that relies on macroscopic electrodynamics to model the light–matter interaction. This comparison allows us to distinguish those features that can be explained classically from those that require a quantum-mechanical treatment. Finally, a double-shell system obtained by placing a C60 buckyball inside the hollow spherical gold particle is further considered. It is found that the double-shell, while increasing the overall plasmonic character of the excitations, leads to significantly lowered absorption cross sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M. Müller
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nanda Perdana
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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13
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Dillon AD, Gieseking RLM. Evolution of plasmon-like excited states in silver nanowires and nanorods. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:074301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alva D. Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - Rebecca L. M. Gieseking
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
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14
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Gieseking RLM. Plasmons: untangling the classical, experimental, and quantum mechanical definitions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:25-42. [PMID: 34608479 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01163d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmons have been widely studied over the past several decades because of their ability to strongly absorb light and localize its electric field on the nanoscale, leading to applications in spectroscopy, biosensing, and solar energy storage. In a classical electrodynamics framework, a plasmon is defined as a collective, coherent oscillation of the conduction electrons of the material. In recent years, it has been shown experimentally that noble metal nanoclusters as small as a few nm can support plasmons. This work has led to numerous attempts to identify plasmons from a quantum mechanical perspective, including many overlapping and sometimes conflicting criteria for plasmons. Here, we shed light on the definitions of plasmons. We start with a brief overview of the well-established classical electrodynamics definition of a plasmon. We then turn to the experimental features used to determine whether a particular system is plasmonic, connecting the experimental results to the corresponding features of the classical electrodynamics description. The core of this article explains the many quantum mechanical criteria for plasmons. We explore the common features that these criteria share and explain how these features relate to the classical electrodynamics and experimental definitions. This comparison shows where more work is needed to expand and refine the quantum mechanical definitions of plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L M Gieseking
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA.
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15
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Toffoli D, Medves M, Fronzoni G, Coccia E, Stener M, Sementa L, Fortunelli A. Plasmonic Circular Dichroism in Chiral Gold Nanowire Dimers. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010093. [PMID: 35011325 PMCID: PMC8746476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a computational study at the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) level of the chiro-optical spectra of chiral gold nanowires coupled in dimers. Our goal is to explore whether it is possible to overcome destructive interference in single nanowires that damp chiral response in these systems and to achieve intense plasmonic circular dichroism (CD) through a coupling between the nanostructures. We predict a huge enhancement of circular dichroism at the plasmon resonance when two chiral nanowires are intimately coupled in an achiral relative arrangement. Such an effect is even more pronounced when two chiral nanowires are coupled in a chiral relative arrangement. Individual component maps of rotator strength, partial contributions according to the magnetic dipole component, and induced densities allow us to fully rationalize these findings, thus opening the way to the field of plasmonic CD and its rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Toffoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (M.M.); (G.F.); (E.C.)
| | - Marco Medves
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (M.M.); (G.F.); (E.C.)
| | - Giovanna Fronzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (M.M.); (G.F.); (E.C.)
| | - Emanuele Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (M.M.); (G.F.); (E.C.)
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (M.M.); (G.F.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (A.F.)
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16
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Farshad M, Perera DC, Rasaiah JC. Theoretical study of the stability, structure, and optical spectra of small silver clusters and their formation using density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25507-25517. [PMID: 34698740 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanism of formation of small clusters would help to identify efficient routes to their synthesis. Here, we apply density functional theory (DFT) to study the free energies and structure of ultra-small silver clusters, and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to calculate their UV-Vis spectra and provide a better understanding of the intermediate steps in cluster formation in the gas phase and solution. Our calculations of the optical properties of neutral and cationic clusters confirm the presence of charged and uncharged intermediates observed in pulse radiolysis experiments during the early stages of the growth of silver clusters. The free energies of formation of hydrated clusters extracted from DFT calculations reveal the greater thermodynamic stability of cationic clusters compared to the corresponding neutral clusters of the same composition. This is consistent with the predominance of kinetically stable cationic clusters observed in pulse radiolysis experiments. Our DFT and TDDFT calculations clarify the effects of ligand, hydration, and oxidation states on the structure, stability, and optical properties of silver clusters that elucidate the mechanism of silver cluster formation in solution and the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Farshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA.
| | - Duwage C Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA.
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17
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Xia Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhou R. Theoretical Insights into Energy Absorption and Charge Draining during Field Evaporation Assisted by Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9338-9345. [PMID: 34652158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of laser-assisted field evaporation taking place at a sub-picosecond time scale relies on a full understanding of the dynamics at a microscopic level. We use first-principles methods to investigate the mechanism of energy absorption and charge draining during fast evaporation of silicon in a high electrostatic field with ultrafast-laser illumination. The results show that laser energy absorption to trigger field evaporation can be described by an effective cross section, which depends on the photon frequency and the static field strength. The cross section is not affected by pulse duration or laser intensity, indicating that the absorption is first-order. It is found that the charge state of the evaporating ion fluctuates due to the collective excitation of electrons. The average charge state does not depend on laser parameters but only on the static field strength, in agreement with experimental observations. Our work provides theoretical insights into the manipulation of modern atom probe tomography and other ultrafast-laser-induced phenomena in high electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, No. 351 Xingang Zhong Road, Guangzhou 510303, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, No. 351 Xingang Zhong Road, Guangzhou 510303, China
| | - Xingchu Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, No. 351 Xingang Zhong Road, Guangzhou 510303, China
| | - Renlong Zhou
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, No. 351 Xingang Zhong Road, Guangzhou 510303, China
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18
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Langford J, Xu X, Yang Y. Plasmon Character Index: An Accurate and Efficient Metric for Identifying and Quantifying Plasmons in Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9391-9397. [PMID: 34551254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmons, which are collective and coherent oscillations of charge carriers driven by an external field, play an important role in applications such as solar energy harvesting, sensing, and catalysis. Conventionally, plasmons are found in bulk and nanomaterials and can be described with classical electrodynamics. In recent years, plasmons have also been identified in molecules, and these molecules have been utilized to build plasmonic devices. As molecular plasmons can no longer be described by classical electrodynamics, a description using quantum mechanics is necessary. In this Letter, we develop a quantum metric to accurately and efficiently identify and quantify plasmons in molecules. A number, which we call the plasmon character index (PCI), can be calculated for each electronic excited state and describes the plasmonicity of the excitation. PCI is developed from the collective and coherent excitation picture in orbitals and shows excellent agreement with the predictions from scaled time-dependent density functional theory but is vastly more computationally efficient. Therefore, PCI can be a useful tool in identifying and quantifying plasmons and will inform the rational design of plasmonic molecules and nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Langford
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xi Xu
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Wu Q, Liu C, Cui C, Li L, Yang L, Liu Y, Safari Yazd H, Xu S, Li X, Chen Z, Tan W. Plasmon Coupling in DNA-Assembled Silver Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14573-14580. [PMID: 34464111 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quantum-size metal clusters with multiple delocalized electrons could support collective plasmon excitation, and thus, theoretically, coupling of plasmons in the few-atom limit might exist between assembled metal clusters, while currently few experimental observations about this phenomenon have been reported. Here we examined the optical absorption of DNA-templated Ag nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) assembled through DNA hybridization and found their absorption peaks were sensitive to the assembled distances, which share common characteristics with classical plasmon coupling. Dipolar charge distribution, multiple transition contributed optical absorption, and strongly enhanced electric field simulated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) indicated the origin of the absorption of individual DNA-AgNCs is a plasmon. The consistency of the peak-shifting trend between experimental and simulation results for assembled DNA-AgNCs suggested the possible presence of plasmon coupling. Our data imply the possibility for quantum-size structures to support plasmon coupling and also show that DNA-AgNCs possess the potential to be promising materials for construction of plasmon-coupling devices with ultrasmall size, site-specific and stoichiometric binding abilities, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Cheng Cui
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States.,Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Long Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.,Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Lu Yang
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.,Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Hoda Safari Yazd
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.,Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States.,Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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20
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Giannone G, Śmiga S, D'Agostino S, Fabiano E, Della Sala F. Plasmon Couplings from Subsystem Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7246-7259. [PMID: 34403247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many applications in plasmonics are related to the coupling between metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) or between an emitter and a MNP. The theoretical analysis of such a coupling is thus of fundamental importance to analyze the plasmonic behavior and to design new systems. While classical methods neglect quantum and spill-out effects, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) considers all of them and with Kohn-Sham orbitals delocalized over the whole system. Thus, within TD-DFT, no definite separation of the subsystems (the single MNP or the emitter) and their couplings is directly available. This important feature is obtained here using the subsystem formulation of TD-DFT, which has been originally developed in the context of weakly interacting organic molecules. In subsystem TD-DFT, interacting MNPs are treated independently, thus allowing us to compute the plasmon couplings directly from the subsystem TD-DFT transition densities. We show that subsystem TD-DFT, as well as a simplified version of it in which kinetic contributions are neglected, can reproduce the reference TD-DFT calculations for gap distances greater than about 6 Å or even smaller in the case of hybrid plasmonic systems (i.e., molecules interacting with MNPs). We also show that the subsystem TD-DFT can be also used as a tool to analyze the impact of charge-transfer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giannone
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, Arnesano (LE) 73010, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Arnesano, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Szymon Śmiga
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudzia̧dzka 5, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Stefania D'Agostino
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, Arnesano (LE) 73010, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Arnesano, Lecce 73100, Italy.,Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Eduardo Fabiano
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, Arnesano (LE) 73010, Italy.,Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Fabio Della Sala
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, Arnesano (LE) 73010, Italy.,Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, Lecce 73100, Italy
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21
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Toffoli D, Russi A, Fronzoni G, Coccia E, Stener M, Sementa L, Fortunelli A. Circularly Polarized Plasmons in Chiral Gold Nanowires via Quantum-Mechanical Design. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5829-5835. [PMID: 34138576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) simulations are conducted on a series of chiral gold nanowires to explore whether an enhancement of circular dichroism at the plasmon resonance is possible and identify its quantum-mechanical origin. We find that in linear two-dimensional chiral nanowires the dichroic response is suppressed by destructive interference of nearly degenerate components with opposite signs, pointing to this phenomenon as a common and likely origin of the difficulty encountered so far in achieving a plasmonic CD response in experiment and suggesting nevertheless that these opposite components could be "decoupled" by using multiwall arrangements. In contrast, we predict a giant dichroic response for nanowires with three-dimensional helical coiling. We rationalize this finding via an electronic structure analysis of longitudinal and transversal plasmonic excitations and their coupling into chiral components, and we propose a simple formula for the chiral response as a function of structural parameters (nanowire length and coiling number).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Toffoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Russi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fronzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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22
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Román Castellanos L, Hess O, Lischner J. Dielectric Engineering of Hot-Carrier Generation by Quantized Plasmons in Embedded Silver Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:3081-3087. [PMID: 33613808 PMCID: PMC7885732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling properties of plasmon-induced hot carriers is a key step toward next-generation photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices. Here, we uncover a route to engineering hot-carrier generation rates of silver nanoparticles by designed embedding in dielectric host materials. Extending our recently established quantum-mechanical approach to describe the decay of quantized plasmons into hot carriers we capture both external screening by the nanoparticle environment and internal screening by silver d-electrons through an effective electron-electron interaction. We find that hot-carrier generation can be maximized by engineering the dielectric host material such that the energy of the localized surface plasmon coincides with the highest value of the nanoparticle joint density of states. This allows us to uncover a path to control the energy of the carriers and the amount produced, for example, a large number of relatively low-energy carriers are obtained by embedding in strongly screening environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ortwin Hess
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- The
Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Johannes Lischner
- The
Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics and Materials, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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23
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Müller MM, Kosik M, Pelc M, Bryant GW, Ayuela A, Rockstuhl C, Słowik K. From single-particle-like to interaction-mediated plasmonic resonances in graphene nanoantennas. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2021; 129:10.1063/5.0038883. [PMID: 36575704 PMCID: PMC9791988 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures attract tremendous attention as they confine electromagnetic fields well below the diffraction limit while simultaneously sustaining extreme local field enhancements. To fully exploit these properties, the identification and classification of resonances in such nanostructures is crucial. Recently, a novel figure of merit for resonance classification has been proposed1 and its applicability was demonstrated mostly to toy model systems. This novel measure, the energy-based plasmonicity index (EPI), characterizes the nature of resonances in molecular nanostructures. The EPI distinguishes between either a single-particle-like or a plasmonic nature of resonances based on the energy space coherence dynamics of the excitation. To advance the further development of this newly established measure, we present here its exemplary application to characterize the resonances of graphene nanoantennas. In particular, we focus on resonances in a doped nanoantenna. The structure is of interest, as a consideration of the electron dynamics in real space might suggest a plasmonic nature of selected resonances in the low doping limit but our analysis reveals the opposite. We find that in the undoped and moderately doped nanoantenna, the EPI classifies all emerging resonances as predominantly single-particle-like and only after doping the structure heavily, the EPI observes plasmonic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M. Müller
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Miriam Kosik
- Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Pelc
- Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, CFM-MPC CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Garnett W. Bryant
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Andrés Ayuela
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, CFM-MPC CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karolina Słowik
- Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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24
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Rossi TP, Erhart P, Kuisma M. Hot-Carrier Generation in Plasmonic Nanoparticles: The Importance of Atomic Structure. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9963-9971. [PMID: 32687311 PMCID: PMC7458472 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are attractive for plasmon-enhanced generation of hot carriers, which may be harnessed in photochemical reactions. In this work, we analyze the coherent femtosecond dynamics of photon absorption, plasmon formation, and subsequent hot-carrier generation through plasmon dephasing using first-principles simulations. We predict the energetic and spatial hot-carrier distributions in small metal nanoparticles and show that the distribution of hot electrons is very sensitive to the local structure. Our results show that surface sites exhibit enhanced hot-electron generation in comparison to the bulk of the nanoparticle. Although the details of the distribution depend on particle size and shape, as a general trend, lower-coordinated surface sites such as corners, edges, and {100} facets exhibit a higher proportion of hot electrons than higher-coordinated surface sites such as {111} facets or the core sites. The present results thereby demonstrate how hot carriers could be tailored by careful design of atomic-scale structures in nanoscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas P. Rossi
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Kuisma
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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25
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Cui L, Zhu Y, Abbasi M, Ahmadivand A, Gerislioglu B, Nordlander P, Natelson D. Electrically Driven Hot-Carrier Generation and Above-Threshold Light Emission in Plasmonic Tunnel Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6067-6075. [PMID: 32568541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Above-threshold light emission from plasmonic tunnel junctions, when emitted photons have energies significantly higher than the energy scale of incident electrons, has attracted much recent interest in nano-optics, while the underlying physics remains elusive. We examine above-threshold light emission in electromigrated tunnel junctions. Our measurements over a large ensemble of devices demonstrate a giant (∼104) material-dependent photon yield (emitted photons per incident electrons). This dramatic effect cannot be explained only by the radiative field enhancement due to localized plasmons in the tunneling gap. Emission is well described by a Boltzmann spectrum with an effective temperature exceeding 2000 K, coupled to a plasmon-modified photonic density of states. The effective temperature is approximately linear in the applied bias, consistent with a suggested theoretical model describing hot-carrier dynamics driven by nonradiative decay of electrically excited localized plasmons. Electrically generated hot carriers and nontraditional light emission could open avenues for active photochemistry, optoelectronics, and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longji Cui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yunxuan Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mahdiyeh Abbasi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Arash Ahmadivand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Burak Gerislioglu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Douglas Natelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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26
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Lau BTG, Berkelbach TC. Quantum plasmons and intraband excitons in doped nanoparticles: Insights from quantum chemistry. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224704. [PMID: 32534544 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We use excited-state quantum chemistry techniques to investigate the intraband absorption of doped semiconductor nanoparticles as a function of doping density, nanoparticle radius, and material properties. Modeling the excess electrons as interacting electrons confined to a sphere, we find that the excitation evolves from single-particle to plasmonic with increasing number of electrons at fixed density, and the threshold number of electrons to produce a plasmon increases with density due to quantum confinement and electron-hole attraction. In addition, the excitation passes through an intermediate regime where it is best characterized as an intraband exciton. We compare equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with those of more affordable single-excitation theories and identify the inclusion of electron-hole interactions as essential to describing the evolution of the excitation. Despite the simplicity of our model, the results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental spectra of doped ZnO nanoparticles at a doping density of 1.4 × 1020 cm-3. Based on our quantum chemistry calculations, we develop a schematic model that captures the dependence of the excitation energy on nanoparticle radius and electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T G Lau
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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27
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Conley KM, Nayyar N, Rossi TP, Kuisma M, Turkowski V, Puska MJ, Rahman TS. Plasmon Excitations in Mixed Metallic Nanoarrays. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5344-5355. [PMID: 30973699 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Features of the surface plasmon from macroscopic materials emerge in molecular systems, but differentiating collective excitations from single-particle excitations in molecular systems remains elusive. The rich interactions between single-particle electron-hole and collective electron excitations produce phenomena related to the chemical physics aspects within the atomic array. We study the plasmonic properties of atomic arrays of noble (Au, Ag, and Cu) and transition-metal (Pd, Pt) homonuclear chains using time-dependent density functional theory and their Kohn-Sham transition contributions. The response to the electromagnetic radiation is related to both the geometry-dependent confinement of sp-valence electrons and the energy position of d-electrons in the different atomic species and the hybridization between d and sp electrons. It is possible to tune the position of the plasmon resonance, split it into several peaks, and eventually achieve broadband absorption of radiation. Arrays of mixed noble and transition-metal chains may have strongly attenuated plasmonic behavior. The collective nature of the excitations is ascertained using their Kohn-Sham transition contributions. To manipulate the plasmonic response and achieve the desired properties for broad applications, it is vital to understand the origins of these phenomena in atomic chains and their arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Conley
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, QTF Centre of Excellence , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Neha Nayyar
- Department of Physics , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32816 , United States
| | - Tuomas P Rossi
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Mikael Kuisma
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center , University of Jyväskylä , FI-40014 Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Volodymyr Turkowski
- Department of Physics , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32816 , United States
| | - Martti J Puska
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Talat S Rahman
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
- Department of Physics , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32816 , United States
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28
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Guerrini M, Calzolari A, Varsano D, Corni S. Quantifying the Plasmonic Character of Optical Excitations in a Molecular J-Aggregate. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3197-3203. [PMID: 30986064 PMCID: PMC6524342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The definition of plasmon at the
microscopic scale is far from
being understood. Yet, it is very important to recognize plasmonic
features in optical excitations, as they can inspire new applications
and trigger new discoveries by analogy with the rich phenomenology
of metal nanoparticle plasmons. Recently, the concepts of plasmonicity
index and the generalized plasmonicity index (GPI) have been devised
as computational tools to quantify the plasmonic nature of optical
excitations. The question may arise whether any strong absorption
band, possibly with some sort of collective character in its microscopic
origin, shares the status of plasmon. Here we demonstrate that this
is not always the case, by considering a well-known class of systems
represented by J-aggregates molecular crystals, characterized by the
intense J band of absorption. By means of first-principles simulations,
based on a many-body perturbation theory formalism, we investigate
the optical properties of a J-aggregate made of push–pull organic
dyes. We show that the effect of aggregation is to lower the GPI associated
with the J-band with respect to the isolated dye one, which corresponds
to a nonplasmonic character of the electronic excitations. In order
to rationalize our finding, we then propose a simplified one-dimensional
theoretical model of the J-aggregate. A useful microscopic picture
of what discriminates a collective molecular crystal excitation from
a plasmon is eventually obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Guerrini
- Dipartimento FIM , Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia , I-41125 Modena , Italy.,CNR Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Arrigo Calzolari
- CNR Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Daniele Varsano
- CNR Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- CNR Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, I-41125 Modena , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Padova , Padova 35131 , Italy
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29
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Pavliuk MV, Gutiérrez Álvarez S, Hattori Y, Messing ME, Czapla-Masztafiak J, Szlachetko J, Silva JL, Araujo CM, A Fernandes DL, Lu L, Kiely CJ, Abdellah M, Nordlander P, Sá J. Hydrated Electron Generation by Excitation of Copper Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1743-1749. [PMID: 30920838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrated electrons are important in radiation chemistry and charge-transfer reactions, with applications that include chemical damage of DNA, catalysis, and signaling. Conventionally, hydrated electrons are produced by pulsed radiolysis, sonolysis, two-ultraviolet-photon laser excitation of liquid water, or photodetachment of suitable electron donors. Here we report a method for the generation of hydrated electrons via single-visible-photon excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of supported sub-3 nm copper nanoparticles in contact with water. Only excitations at the LSPR maximum resulted in the formation of hydrated electrons, suggesting that plasmon excitation plays a crucial role in promoting electron transfer from the nanoparticle into the solution. The reactivity of the hydrated electrons was confirmed via proton reduction and concomitant H2 evolution in the presence of a Ru/TiO2 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia V Pavliuk
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Sol Gutiérrez Álvarez
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Yocefu Hattori
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Maria E Messing
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 118, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | | | - Jakub Szlachetko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics , Polish Academy of Sciences , PL-31342 Krakow , Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Jose L Silva
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Carlos Moyses Araujo
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Daniel L A Fernandes
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Lehigh University , 5 East Packer Avenue , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015 , United States
| | - Christopher J Kiely
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Lehigh University , 5 East Packer Avenue , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015 , United States
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Qena Faculty of Science , South Valley University , 83523 Qena , Egypt
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics , Rice University , 6100 South Main Street , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
| | - Jacinto Sá
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
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30
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31
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Zhao ZJ, Gao M, Hwang S, Jeon S, Park I, Park SH, Jeong JH. Heterogeneous Nanostructures Fabricated via Binding Energy-Controlled Nanowelding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7261-7271. [PMID: 30672280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel concept for fabricating heterogeneous nanostructures based on different melting temperatures is developed. Au-Ag composite cross-structures are fabricated by nanowelding technologies. During the fabrication of Au-Ag composite cross-structures, Ag nanowires transform into ordered particles decorating the Au nanowire surfaces with an increase in the welding temperature because of the different melting temperatures of Au and Ag. To compare and explain the melting temperatures, the thicknesses of Au and Ag nanowires as parameters are analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam imaging are used to observe the morphologies and cross sections of the fabricated samples. The evolution of 3D nanostructures is observed by atomic force microscopy, whereas the compositions and binding energies of the nanostructures are determined by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. In addition, the atomic structures are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, and the optical properties of the fabricated nanostructures are evaluated by spectrometry. Furthermore, color filter electrodes are fabricated, and their polarization properties are evaluated by sheet resistance measurements and observing the color and brightness of light-emitting diodes. The proposed method is suitable for application in various fields such as biosensors, optics, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156, Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Technology , Deajeon 34141 , Korea
| | - SoonHyoung Hwang
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156, Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156, Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Technology , Deajeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Sang-Hu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Pusan National University , Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil , Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156, Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
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32
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Muhammed MM, Mokkath JH. Linear acene molecules in plasmonic cavities: mapping evolution of optical absorption spectra and electric field intensity enhancements. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the plasmonic cavity induced electric field enhancement in a hybrid nanosystem is of paramount importance in the development of new optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufasila Mumthaz Muhammed
- Quantum Nanophotonics Simulations Lab
- Department of Physics
- Kuwait College of Science And Technology
- Kuwait
| | - Junais Habeeb Mokkath
- Quantum Nanophotonics Simulations Lab
- Department of Physics
- Kuwait College of Science And Technology
- Kuwait
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33
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Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules are essentially graphene in the subnanometer limit, typically consisting of 50 or fewer atoms. With the addition or removal of a single electron, these molecules can support molecular plasmon (collective) resonances in the visible region of the spectrum. Here, we probe the plasmon dynamics in these quantum systems by measuring the excited-state lifetime of three negatively charged PAH molecules: anthanthrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and perylene. In contrast to the molecules in their neutral state, these three systems exhibit far more rapid decay dynamics due to the deexcitation of multiple electron-hole pairs through molecular plasmon "dephasing" and vibrational relaxation. This study provides a look into the distinction between collective and single-electron excitation dynamics in the purely quantum limit and introduces a conceptual framework with which to visualize molecular plasmon decay.
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34
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35
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Chang L, Baseggio O, Sementa L, Cheng D, Fronzoni G, Toffoli D, Aprà E, Stener M, Fortunelli A. Individual Component Map of Rotatory Strength and Rotatory Strength Density Plots As Analysis Tools of Circular Dichroism Spectra of Complex Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3703-3714. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Oscar Baseggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daojian Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Giovanna Fronzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Toffoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Aprà
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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36
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Crouch GM, Han D, Bohn PW. Zero-Mode Waveguide Nanophotonic Structures for Single Molecule Characterization. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2018; 51:193001. [PMID: 34158676 PMCID: PMC8216246 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aab8be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule characterization has become a crucial research tool in the chemical and life sciences, but limitations, such as limited concentration range, inability to control molecular distributions in space, and intrinsic phenomena, such as photobleaching, present significant challenges. Recent developments in non-classical optics and nanophotonics offer promising routes to mitigating these restrictions, such that even low affinity (K D ~ mM) biomolecular interactions can be studied. Here we introduce and review specific nanophotonic devices used to support single molecule studies. Optical nanostructures, such as zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs), are usually fabricated in thin gold or aluminum films and serve to confine the observation volume of optical microspectroscopy to attoliter to zeptoliter volumes. These simple nanostructures allow individual molecules to be isolated for optical and electrochemical analysis, even when the molecules of interest are present at high concentration (μM - mM) in bulk solution. Arrays of ZMWs may be combined with optical probes such as single molecule fluorescence, single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET), and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) for distributed analysis of large numbers of single-molecule reactions or binding events in parallel. Furthermore, ZMWs may be used as multifunctional devices, for example by combining optical and electrochemical functions in a single discrete architecture to achieve electrochemical ZMWs (E-ZMW). In this review, we will describe the optical properties, fabrication, and applications of ZMWs for single-molecule studies, as well as the integration of ZMWs into systems for chemical and biochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrison M. Crouch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Donghoon Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Departmemt of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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37
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Wu PC, Liao CY, Savinov V, Chung TL, Chen WT, Huang YW, Wu PR, Chen YH, Liu AQ, Zheludev NI, Tsai DP. Optical Anapole Metamaterial. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1920-1927. [PMID: 29376312 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic excitation independent from the familiar magnetic and electric dipoles. It corresponds to currents flowing along minor loops of a torus. Interference of radiating induced toroidal and electric dipoles leads to anapole, a nonradiating charge-current configuration. Interactions of induced toroidal dipoles with electromagnetic waves have recently been observed in artificial media at microwave, terahertz, and optical frequencies. Here, we demonstrate a quasi-planar plasmonic metamaterial, a combination of dumbbell aperture and vertical split-ring resonator, that exhibits transverse toroidal moment and resonant anapole behavior in the optical part of the spectrum upon excitation with a normally incident electromagnetic wave. Our results prove experimentally that toroidal modes and anapole modes can provide distinct and physically significant contributions to the absorption and dispersion of slabs of matter in the optical part of the spectrum in conventional transmission and reflection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Chieh Wu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun Yen Liao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Vassili Savinov
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Tsung Lin Chung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei Ting Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei Ru Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
- TPI and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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