1
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Shukla H, Promcharoen P, Poonsawat T, Chakarawet K, Chumkaeo P, Somsook E. Diels-Alder Cycloaddition of 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) and N-Phenylmaleimide Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36380-36388. [PMID: 39220524 PMCID: PMC11359630 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Currently, amidst atmospheric menace where natural calamities such as wildfire and floods are becoming more frequent than ever, biobased derivatives offer a sustainable alternative to conventional ways, for instance, petrochemical commodities. Biobased products, obtained from agricultural waste, including 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) are promising chemical platforms in the biorefinery, which is yet to be explored. The Diels-Alder cycloaddition of BHMF and N-phenylmaleimide derivatives under optimal reaction conditions is investigated in this report. First, HMF is reduced to BHMF in the presence of NaBH4, and then the Diels-Alder reaction of BHMF and N-phenylmaleimide derivatives is investigated to produce Diels-Alder adducts. All novel compounds are synthesized in acceptable yields and effectively characterized by employing important techniques such as one-dimensional (1D) NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, DEPT-90, and DEPT- 135), two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy (1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C HSQC, and 1H-13C HMBC), IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrum (QTOF), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Furthermore, this study underlines the necessity of sustainable synthetic methodologies and gives critical insights into the progress of ecologically friendly methodologies, providing a new avenue as a tunable precursor for the challenging functionalized polymer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Shukla
- NANOCAST
Laboratory, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology (CAST), Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Peerapong Promcharoen
- NANOCAST
Laboratory, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology (CAST), Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thinnaphat Poonsawat
- NANOCAST
Laboratory, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology (CAST), Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Khetpakorn Chakarawet
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, 272 Rama
VI Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Peerapong Chumkaeo
- NANOCAST
Laboratory, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology (CAST), Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ekasith Somsook
- NANOCAST
Laboratory, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology (CAST), Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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2
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Tönjes J, Medvarić V, Werner T. Synthesis of Trisubstituted Furans from Activated Alkenes by P(III)/P(V) Redox Cycling Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10729-10735. [PMID: 39009500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The organocatalytic formation of an underrepresented family of trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted furans from activated alkenes and acyl chlorides is reported. In a reaction sequence based on P(III)/P(V) redox cycling catalysis, the cyclic phosphine catalysts react with diacylethenes or acyl acrylates in Michael addition, followed by acylation and either an intramolecular Wittig reaction or a ring closure reaction, liberating the furans. The formed phosphine oxides are reduced in situ by phenylsilane as a terminal reductant. In the first step, 12 diacylethenes were converted to the respective trisubstituted furans. The reaction of acyl acrylates showed a surprising, catalyst-dependent alternate reaction forming tetrasubstituted furans. Two additional methods were developed, giving 14 trisubstituted furans using a phospholene catalyst and an additional 6 tetrasubstituted furans using a phosphetane catalyst. This encompassed 19 newly described compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tönjes
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock (LIKAT Rostock), Albert Einstein Str. 29a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Viktorija Medvarić
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock (LIKAT Rostock), Albert Einstein Str. 29a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn D-33098, Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock (LIKAT Rostock), Albert Einstein Str. 29a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn D-33098, Germany
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3
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Risangud N, Mama J, Sungkhaphan P, Pananusorn P, Termkunanon O, Arkana MS, Sripraphot S, Lertwimol T, Thongkham S. Synthesis and Characterization of Furan-Based Methacrylate Oligomers Containing the Imine Functional Group for Stereolithography. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30771-30781. [PMID: 39035923 PMCID: PMC11256344 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a furan-based methacrylate oligomer (FBMO) featuring imine functional groups was synthesized for application in stereolithography. The preparation involved the imination reaction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and amino ethanol. Utilizing 5-HMF as a sustainable building block for furan-based polymers, FBMO was formulated and subsequently integrated into photosensitive resin formulations along with methacrylate-containing diluents, such as PEGDMA and TEGDMA. The synthesized furan-based methacrylate oligomers underwent comprehensive characterization using FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography. The impact of methacrylate-containing diluents on various properties of the formulated resins and the resulting 3D-printed specimens was systematically evaluated. This assessment included an analysis of rheological behavior, printing fidelity, mechanical properties, thermal stability, surface morphology, and cytotoxicity. By adjusting the ratios of FBMO to methacrylate-containing diluents within the range of 50:50 to 90:10, the viscosity of the resulting resins was controlled to fall within 0.04 to 0.28 Pa s at a shear rate of 10 s-1. The 3D-printed specimens exhibited precise conformity to the computer-aided design (CAD) model and demonstrated compressive moduli ranging from 0.53 ± 0.04 to 144 ± 6.70 MPa, dependent on the resin formulation and internal structure. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assessments revealed that the 3D-printed specimens were noncytotoxic to porcine chondrocytes. In conclusion, we introduce a new strategy to prepare the furan-based methacrylate oligomer (FBMO) and 3D-printed specimens with adjustable properties using stereolithography, which can be further utilized for appropriate applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapol Risangud
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Petroleum
and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jittima Mama
- National
Nanotechnology Center, National Science
and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong
1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Sungkhaphan
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Puttipong Pananusorn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Orawan Termkunanon
- National
Nanotechnology Center, National Science
and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong
1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Supang Sripraphot
- National
Nanotechnology Center, National Science
and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong
1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Tareerat Lertwimol
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Somprasong Thongkham
- National
Nanotechnology Center, National Science
and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong
1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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4
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Shafranska O, Sutton C, Kalita D, Kannaboina P, Tiwari S, Sibi MP, Webster DC. A Preliminary Study of Thermosets from Epoxy Resins Made Using Low-Toxicity Furan-Based Diols. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300665. [PMID: 38444218 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycidyl ethers are prepared from a series of furan-based diols and cured with a diamine to form thermosets. The furan diols demonstrate lower toxicity than bisphenol-A in a prior study. The diglycidyl ethers show improved thermal stability compared to the parent diols. Cured thermosets are prepared at elevated temperature using isophorone diamine (IPDA). Glass transition temperatures are in the range of 30-54 °C and depend on the structure of the furan diol. Coatings are prepared on steel substrates and show very high hardness, good adhesion, and a range of flexibility. Properties compare favorably with a control based on a bisphenol-A epoxy resin. The study demonstrates that epoxy resins based on furan diols, which have been shown to have lower toxicity than bisphenol-A, can form thermosets having properties comparable to a standard epoxy resin system; and thus, are viable as replacements for bisphenol-A epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Shafranska
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Catherine Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Deep Kalita
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Prakash Kannaboina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Sandip Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Mukund P Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Dean C Webster
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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5
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Kayishaer A, Annatelli M, Hansom CM, Mouterde LMM, Peru AAM, Aricò F, Allais F, Fadlallah S. Green Synthesis of UV-Reactive Polycarbonates from Levoglucosenone and 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300483. [PMID: 37876336 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of fully renewable polycarbonates (PCs) starting from cellulose-based platform molecules levoglucosenone (LGO) and 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). These unique bio-based PCs are obtained through the reaction of a citronellol-containing triol (Triol-citro) derived from LGO, with a dimethyl carbonate derivative of BHMF (BHMF-DC). Solvent-free polymerizations are targeted to minimize waste generation and promote an eco-friendly approach with a favorable environmental factor (E-factor). The choice of metal catalyst during polymerization significantly influences the polymer properties, resulting in high molecular weight (up to 755 kDa) when Na2 CO3 is employed as an inexpensive catalyst. Characterization using nuclear magnetic resonance confirms the successful incorporation of the furan ring and the retention of the terminal double bond of the citronellol pendant chain. Furthermore, under UV irradiation, the presence of both citronellol and furanic moieties induces singular structural changes, triggering the formation of three distinct structures within the polymer network, a phenomenon herein occurs for the first time in this type of polymer. These findings pave the way to new functional materials prepared from renewable monomers with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihemaiti Kayishaer
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Mattia Annatelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino155, Venezia, Mestre, 30172, Italy
| | - Chloe M Hansom
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Louis M M Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Aurélien A M Peru
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Fabio Aricò
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino155, Venezia, Mestre, 30172, Italy
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
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6
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Zhou Q, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Zheng R, Guo L. Acidic Metal-Based Functional Ionic Liquids Catalyze the Synthesis of Bio-Based PEF Polyester. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:103. [PMID: 38201768 PMCID: PMC10780836 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing triethylenediamine (DA), 1,3-propanesultone (PS), whose ring opens during the formation of the dizwiterion-intermediate DA-2PS, and the metal chlorides XCly, where X = Sn(IV), Zn(II),Al(III), Fe(III) and Mn(II), are used for the synthesis of five kinds of acidic metal-based functionalized ionic liquid catalysts ([DA-2PS][XCly]2). Their chemical structures, thermal stability and dual acidic active site were analyzed. We investigated the performance of [DA-2PS][XCly]2 in catalyzing the esterification reaction between 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and ethylene glycol (EG) to synthesize poly (ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PEF). Among the catalysts tested, [DA-2PS][SnCl5]2 exhibited the best catalytic performance under identical process parameters, and the optimal catalyst dosage was determined to be 0.05 mol% based on FDCA. The optimal conditions for the reaction were predicted using response surface methodology: a feed ratio of EG:FDCA = 1.96:1, an esterification temperature of 219.86 °C, a polycondensation temperature of 240.04 °C and a polycondensation time of 6.3 h, with a intrinsic viscosity of 0.67 dL·g-1. The resulting PEF was experimentally verified to exhibit an intrinsic viscosity of 0.68 dL·g-1 and a number average molecular weight of 28,820 g·mol-1. Finally, the structure and thermal properties of PEF were characterized. The results confirmed that PEF possessed the correct structure, exhibited high thermal stability and demonstrated excellent thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liying Guo
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.)
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7
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Fiandra EF, Shaw L, Starck M, McGurk CJ, Mahon CS. Designing biodegradable alternatives to commodity polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8085-8105. [PMID: 37885416 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The development and widespread adoption of commodity polymers changed societal landscapes on a global scale. Without the everyday materials used in packaging, textiles, construction and medicine, our lives would be unrecognisable. Through decades of use, however, the environmental impact of waste plastics has become grimly apparent, leading to sustained pressure from environmentalists, consumers and scientists to deliver replacement materials. The need to reduce the environmental impact of commodity polymers is beyond question, yet the reality of replacing these ubiquitous materials with sustainable alternatives is complex. In this tutorial review, we will explore the concepts of sustainable design and biodegradability, as applied to the design of synthetic polymers intended for use at scale. We will provide an overview of the potential biodegradation pathways available to polymers in different environments, and highlight the importance of considering these pathways when designing new materials. We will identify gaps in our collective understanding of the production, use and fate of biodegradable polymers: from identifying appropriate feedstock materials, to considering changes needed to production and recycling practices, and to improving our understanding of the environmental fate of the materials we produce. We will discuss the current standard methods for the determination of biodegradability, where lengthy experimental timescales often frustrate the development of new materials, and highlight the need to develop better tools and models to assess the degradation rate of polymers in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuella F Fiandra
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Lloyd Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Matthieu Starck
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | | | - Clare S Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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8
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García-Domínguez J, Carranza M, Jansons E, Carmona AT, Robina I, Moreno-Vargas AJ. Transferring Substituents from Alkynes to Furans and Pyrroles through Heteronorbornadienes as Intermediates: Synthesis of β-Substituted Pyrroles/Furans. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13331-13338. [PMID: 37616527 PMCID: PMC10507663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of 7-oxa/azanorbornadienes as synthetic intermediates for the preparation of 3/4-substituted (β-substituted) furans/pyrroles is presented. The method lies in the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) cycloaddition between a substituted heteronorbornadiene and an electron-poor tetrazine followed by spontaneous fragmentation of the resulting cycloadduct via two retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reactions affording a β-substituted furan/pyrrole. The scope of this tandem iEDDA/rDA/rDA reaction was explored in the preparation of 29 heterocycles. A one-pot procedure starting directly from the alkyne precursors of the heteronorbornadiene intermediates is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edijs Jansons
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana T. Carmona
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Moreno-Vargas
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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