|
1
|
Zhang Q, Hu Z, Zhao H, Du F, Lv C, Peng T, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Liu J, Wang C. Development and evaluation of 18F-labeled novel radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging of fibroblast activation protein expressing tumors. Bioorg Chem 2025; 160:108445. [PMID: 40250254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2025] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/20/2025]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and evaluate two novel 18F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, [18F]AlF-NOTA-De-FAPI and [18F]AlF-NOTA-Glu-FAPI, for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of tumors expressing fibroblast activation protein. Molecular docking simulations predicted the binding affinities of NOTA-De-FAPI and NOTA-Glu-FAPI with FAP. The radiotracers were synthesized and evaluated for radiochemical yield, purity, and molar activity. Surface plasmon resonance analysis measured binding kinetics. In vitro and in vivo stability and distribution coefficients were assessed. PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies were conducted in U87MG tumor-bearing mice. A pilot clinical study compared [18F]AlF-NOTA-De-FAPI with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 and [18F]FDG in a liver cancer patient. Molecular docking simulations showed that NOTA-De-FAPI had a slightly higher binding affinity for FAP. The radiotracers were synthesized with high purity and molar activity. SPR analysis confirmed higher binding affinity of NOTA-De-FAPI (KD = 86.35 pM) compared to NOTA-Glu-FAPI (KD = 187 pM). In PET/CT imaging, [18F]AlF-NOTA-De-FAPI demonstrated higher tumor uptake in U87MG tumor-bearing mice, with a peak SUVmax of 2.71 ± 0.39 at 1 h post-injection. Ex vivo biodistribution studies showed that [18F]AlF-NOTA-De-FAPI had a tumor uptake of 9.16 ± 0.49 %ID/g at 1 h post-injection, significantly higher than [18F]AlF-NOTA-Glu-FAPI (6.60 ± 0.82 %ID/g). In the clinical study, [18F]AlF-NOTA-De-FAPI showed strong uptake in the primary tumor but exhibited higher physiological uptake in salivary glands, thyroid, and pancreas compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04. [18F]AlF-NOTA-De-FAPI demonstrated potential as a FAP-targeting tracer with high specific uptake and favorable tumor-to-normal tissue ratios in preclinical models. However, clinical evaluation revealed limitations, such as high physiological uptake in certain glands and lower tumor uptake compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04. Further optimization and clinical validation are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China; MOE Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Centre of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhoumi Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China
| | - Fuqiang Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China
| | - Chun Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China
| | - Tukang Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China
| | - Yukai Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China; MOE Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Centre of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Bowu Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Centre of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Bian L, Liu X, Wang X, Sun Y, Du X, Gu B, Xu X, Song S. Preclinical and First-In-Human Imaging of Novel [ 18F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07 Tracer: Comparative Prospective Study with [ 18F]F-FAPI-42 and [ 18F]F-FAPI-74. Mol Pharm 2025; 22:1624-1632. [PMID: 39873120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-specific tracer, fluorine-18-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-FUSCC-07 ([18F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07), for use in both preclinical and clinical settings. Preclinical evaluations were conducted to assess the stability and partition coefficient of [18F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07. Experiments involving human glioma U87MG cells demonstrated its cellular uptake and inhibitory properties. Further investigations included biodistribution analysis and micropositron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in U87MG tumor-bearing mice, which revealed strong tumor uptake and prolonged retention. In the clinical setting, [18F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07 was compared directly with [18F]F-FAPI-42 and [18F]F-FAPI-74 to evaluate its performance in imaging various cancers. By expanding the patient cohort, the study provided a more comprehensive assessment of tracer uptake in lesions. The findings demonstrated that [18F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07 exhibited high stability in phosphate-buffered saline and fetal bovine serum, as well as hydrophilic properties. Clinical imaging results indicated significantly higher tumor uptake and improved target-to-blood pool ratios compared to the other tracers. Moreover, PET imaging of patients with diverse cancers showed that [18F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07 consistently provided superior image contrast in most cases. These results represent the first clinical evidence supporting the feasibility of [18F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07 for imaging across multiple tumor types. The study highlights its potential as a promising tracer for FAPI PET imaging, offering enhanced diagnostic precision and broader applicability in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Bian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuyun Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinyue Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bingxin Gu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaoli Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Zhang Q, Hu Z, Zhao H, Du F, Lv C, Peng T, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Liu J, Wang C. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Novel [ 18F]AlF-H 3RESCA-FAPI Radiotracer Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025; 18:277. [PMID: 40006089 PMCID: PMC11859916 DOI: 10.3390/ph18020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key contributors to the tumorigenic process, with fibroblast activation protein (FAP) overexpressed on CAFs in numerous epithelial carcinomas. FAP represents a promising target for tumor imaging and therapy. We aimed to develop a novel [18F]AlF-H3RESCA-FAPI radiotracer with a high labeling yield at room temperature for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of FAP-expressing tumors. Methods: The H3RESCA-FAPI chelator was synthesized and radiolabeled with [18F]AlF. Its radiotracer binding affinity to FAP was assessed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Its in vitro stability, plasma clearance, and biodistribution were evaluated. PET imaging was performed in U87MG tumor-bearing mice, with a blocking study to assess tracer specificity. Results: The [18F]AlF-H3RESCA-FAPI radiotracer demonstrated a high binding affinity to FAP (KD < 10.09 pM) and favorable radiochemical yields (92.4 ± 2.4%) with >95% radiochemical purity. In vitro and in vivo studies showed good stability and rapid clearance from non-target tissues. PET imaging revealed specific tumor uptake, which was significantly reduced by co-injection with unlabeled DOTA-FAPI-04. Conclusions: [18F]AlF-H3RESCA-FAPI is a promising radiotracer for PET imaging of FAP-expressing tumors. Further optimization of its pharmacokinetics could make it a potential candidate for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.D.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (Y.Z.)
- MOE Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Centre of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
| | - Zhoumi Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.D.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.D.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fuqiang Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.D.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chun Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.D.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Tukang Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.D.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yukai Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.D.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (Y.Z.)
- MOE Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Centre of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
| | - Bowu Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Centre of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.D.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.D.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Ye T, Yu Y, Qu G, Ma H, Shi S, Ji J, Lyu J, Yang Y, Liu N, Li F. 211At radiolabeled APBA-FAPI for enhanced targeted-alpha therapy of glioma. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116919. [PMID: 39342682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα) is highly expressed in tumor-associated cells and has become one of the most attractive targeting sites in cancer diagnosis and therapy. To ameliorate the rapid metabolism of FAPα inhibitor (FAPI), here, a multifunctional binding agent was introduced to simultaneously achieve 211At radiolabeling and tumor retention prolongation of corresponding radiolabeled drug. 211At-APBA-FAPI was successfully synthesized by conjugating 211At with the designed FAPI carrier in satisfactory radiochemical yield (>60 %). 211At-APBA-FAPI exhibited excellent in vitro stability, significant tumor affinity and specific killing effect on FAPα-positive U87MG cells. Molecular docking reveals that FAPI decorated with albumin binder can bind with FAPα protein via multiple intermolecular interactions with a considerable binding energy of -9.66 kcal/mol 211At-APBA-FAPI exhibits good targeting in murine xenograft models, showing obviously longer tumor retention than previously-reported radioastatinated compound. As a result, 211At-APBA-FAPI presents pronounced therapeutic effect with ignorable normal organs/tissues biotoxicity. All these indicate that introducing a multifunctional binding agent can effectively enhance the availability of FAPI for 211At conjugation and tumoricidal effect, providing vital hints for the translation of targeted-alpha therapy based on radiolabeled FAPI derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yuying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Guofeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shilong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jiujian Ji
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yuanyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Feize Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Sidhu JS, Kaur G, Chavan AR, Chahal MK, Taliyan R. Phenoxy-1,2-dioxetane-based activatable chemiluminescent probes: tuning of photophysical properties for tracing enzymatic activities in living cells. Analyst 2024; 149:5739-5761. [PMID: 39569538 DOI: 10.1039/d4an01082e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
The use of chemiluminophores for tracing enzymatic activities in live-cell imaging has gained significant attention, making them valuable tools for diagnostic applications. Among various chemiluminophores, the phenoxy-1,2-dioxetane scaffold exhibits significant structural versatility and its activation is governed by the chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) mechanism. This mechanism can be initiated by enzymatic activity, changes in pH, or other chemical stimuli. The photophysical properties of phenoxy-1,2-dioxetanes can be fine-tuned through the incorporation of different substituents on the phenolic ring and by anchoring them with specific triggers. This review discusses the variations in physicochemical properties, including emission maxima, quantum yield, aqueous solubility, and pKa, as influenced by structural modifications, thereby establishing a comprehensive structure-activity relationship. Furthermore, it categorises the probes based on different enzyme classes, such as hydrolase-sensitive probes, oxidoreductase-responsive probes, and transferase-activatable phenoxy-1,2-dioxetanes, offering a promising platform technology for the early diagnosis of diseases and disorders. The summary section highlights key opportunities and limitations associated with applying phenoxy-1,2-dioxetanes in achieving precise and effective enzyme assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagpreet Singh Sidhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
| | - Gurjot Kaur
- Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab, 143002, India
| | - Atharva Rajesh Chavan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
| | - Mandeep K Chahal
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Kubyshkin V, Mykhailiuk PK. Proline Analogues in Drug Design: Current Trends and Future Prospects. J Med Chem 2024; 67:20022-20055. [PMID: 39605166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Proline analogues are versatile chemical building blocks that enable modular construction of small-molecule drugs and pharmaceutical peptides. Over the past 15 years, the FDA has approved over 15 drugs containing proline analogues in their structures, five in the last three years alone (daridorexant, trofinetide, nirmatrelvir, rezafungin, danicopan). This perspective offers an analysis of the most common types of proline analogues currently trending in drug design. We focus on examples of fluoroprolines, α-methylproline, bicyclic proline analogues, and aminoprolines, while also highlighting proline analogues that remain underrepresented. We supplement our analysis with physicochemical information regarding the specific molecular properties of these moieties. Additionally, we discuss several intriguing cases where nonproline residues were replaced with proline analogues as a strategy to eliminate unwanted hydrogen bond donor sites. In conclusion, we present some suggestions for the future exploration of this promising class of molecular entities in drug discovery.
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Yu Z, Jiang Z, Cheng X, Yuan L, Chen H, Ai L, Wu Z. Development of fibroblast activation protein-α radiopharmaceuticals: Recent advances and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116787. [PMID: 39197253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) has emerged as a promising target in the field of radiopharmaceuticals due to its selective expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and other pathological conditions involving fibrosis and inflammation. Recent advancements have focused on developing FAP-specific radioligands for diagnostic imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. This perspective summarized the latest progress in FAP radiopharmaceutical development, highlighting novel radioligands, preclinical evaluations, and potential clinical applications. Additionally, we analyzed the advantages and existing problems of targeted FAP radiopharmaceuticals, and discussed the key breakthrough directions of this target, so as to improve the development and conversion of FAP-targeted radiopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Yu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zeng Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xuebo Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Leilei Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Zehui Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Zheng W, Huang Y, Xie Y, Yang T, Cheng X, Chen H, Li C, Jiang Z, Yu Z, Li Z, Zhang L, Yuan L, Liu Y, Liang Y, Wu Z. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of [ 18F]BIBD-300 as a Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2606-2621. [PMID: 38606716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Compounds 8a-j were designed to adjust the mode of interaction and lipophilicity of FTT by scaffold hopping and changing the length of the alkoxy groups. Compounds 8a, 8d, 8g, and BIBD-300 were screened for high-affinity PARP-1 through enzyme inhibition assays and are worthy of further evaluation. PET imaging of MCF-7 subcutaneous tumors with moderate expression of PARP-1 showed that compared to [18F]FTT, [18F]8a, [18F]8d, and [18F]8g exhibited greater nonspecific uptake, a lower target-to-nontarget ratio, and severe defluorination, while [18F]BIBD-300 exhibited lower nonspecific uptake and a greater target-to-nontarget ratio. PET imaging of 22Rv1 subcutaneous tumors, which highly express PARP-1, confirmed that the uptake of [18F]BIBD-300 in normal organs, such as the liver, muscle, and bone, was lower than that of [18F]FTT, and the ratio of tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-liver [18F]BIBD-300 was greater than that of [18F]FTT. The biodistribution results in mice with MCF-7 and 22Rv1 subcutaneous tumors further validated the results of PET imaging. Unlike [18F]FTT, which mainly relies on hepatobiliary clearance, [18F]BIBD-300, which has lower lipophilicity, undergoes a partial shift from hepatobiliary to renal clearance, providing the possibility for [18F]BIBD-300 to indicate liver cancer. The difference in the PET imaging results for [18F]FTT, [18F]BIBD-300, and [18F]8j in 22Rv1 mice and the corresponding molecular docking results further confirmed that subtle structural modifications in lipophilicity greatly optimize the properties of the tracer. Cell uptake experiments also demonstrated that [18F]BIBD-300 has a high affinity for PARP-1. Metabolized and unmetabolized [18F]FTT and [18F]BIBD-300 were detected in the brain, indicating that they could not accurately quantify the amount of PARP-1 in the brain. However, PET imaging of glioma showed that both [18F]FTT and [18F]BIBD-300 could accurately localize both in situ to C6 and U87MG tumors. Based on its potential advantages in the diagnosis of breast cancer, prostate cancer, and glioma, as well as liver cancer, [18F]BIBD-300 is a new option for an excellent PARP-1 tracer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuebo Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chengze Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zeng Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyue Yu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongjing Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Leilei Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Yang T, Zheng W, Cheng X, Chen H, Jiang Z, Yu Z, Zhang L, Xie Y, Du L, Ge X, Zhang J, Yuan L, Liu Y, Wu Z. 18F-Labeled PET Tracers Specific for Adenosine A 2A Receptor: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1286-1297. [PMID: 38457777 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
By modifying the structures of targeted A2AR antagonists and tracers, novel compounds 3, 7a, 9, 12c, and BIBD-399 were designed and synthesized. In vitro inhibition experiments demonstrated that 3, 12c, and BIBD-399 have high affinity for A2AR. [18F]3 and [18F]BIBD-399 were successfully synthesized. In terms of biological distribution, the brain uptake of [18F]MNI-444 exhibits greater than that of [18F]3 and [18F]BIBD-399. PET imaging shows that [18F]3 is off-target in the brain, while [18F]BIBD-399 and [18F]MNI-444 can be specifically imaged in regions with high A2AR expression. Differently, [18F]BIBD-399 could quickly reach equilibrium in the targeted region within 10 min after administration, while [18F]MNI-444 shows a slowly increasing trend within 2 h of administration. [18F]BIBD-399 is mainly metabolized by the liver and kidney, and there is no obvious defluorination in vivo. Additional in vitro autoradiography showed that the striatal signals of [18F]BIBD-399 and [18F]MNI-444 were inhibited by the A2AR antagonist SCH442416 but not by the A1R antagonist DPCPX, demonstrating the high A2AR binding specificity of [18F]BIBD-399. Molecular docking further confirms the high affinity of MNI-444 and BIBD-399 for A2AR. Further tMCAo imaging showed that [18F]BIBD-399 can sensitively distinguish between infarcted and noninfarcted sides, a capability not observed with [18F]MNI-444. Given its pharmacokinetic properties and the ability to identify lesion regions, [18F]BIBD-399 has potential advantages in monitoring A2AR changes, meriting further clinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuebo Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zeng Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyue Yu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lianjie Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuan Ge
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiahuai Zhang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Leilei Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|