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Tabernig SW, Yuan L, Cordaro A, Teh ZL, Gao Y, Patterson RJ, Pusch A, Huang S, Polman A. Optically Resonant Bulk Heterojunction PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cell. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13750-13760. [PMID: 36036908 PMCID: PMC9527793 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We design an optically resonant bulk heterojunction solar cell to study optoelectronic properties of nanostructured p-n junctions. The nanostructures yield strong light-matter interaction as well as distinct charge-carrier extraction behavior, which together improve the overall power conversion efficiency. We demonstrate high-resolution substrate conformal soft-imprint lithography technology in combination with state-of-the art ZnO nanoparticles to create a nanohole template in an electron transport layer. The nanoholes are infiltrated with PbS quantum dots (QDs) to form a nanopatterned depleted heterojunction. Optical simulations show that the absorption per unit volume in the cylindrical QD absorber layer is enhanced by 19.5% compared to a planar reference. This is achieved for a square array of QD nanopillars of 330 nm height and 320 nm diameter, with a pitch of 500 nm on top of a residual QD layer of 70 nm, surrounded by ZnO. Electronic simulations show that the patterning results in a current gain of 3.2 mA/cm2 and a slight gain in voltage, yielding an efficiency gain of 0.4%. Our simulations further show that the fill factor is highly sensitive to the patterned structure. This is explained by the electric field strength varying strongly across the patterned absorber. We outline a path toward further optimized optically resonant nanopattern geometries with enhanced carrier collection properties. We demonstrate a 0.74 mA/cm2 current gain for a patterned cell compared to a planar cell in experiments, owing to a much improved infrared response, as predicted by our simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W. Tabernig
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Lin Yuan
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhi Li Teh
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Yijun Gao
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert J. Patterson
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreas Pusch
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Albert Polman
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chen M, Lu L, Yu H, Li C, Zhao N. Integration of Colloidal Quantum Dots with Photonic Structures for Optoelectronic and Optical Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101560. [PMID: 34319002 PMCID: PMC8456226 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dot (QD), a solution-processable nanoscale optoelectronic building block with well-controlled light absorption and emission properties, has emerged as a promising material system capable of interacting with various photonic structures. Integrated QD/photonic structures have been successfully realized in many optical and optoelectronic devices, enabling enhanced performance and/or new functionalities. In this review, the recent advances in this research area are summarized. In particular, the use of four typical photonic structures, namely, diffraction gratings, resonance cavities, plasmonic structures, and photonic crystals, in modulating the light absorption (e.g., for solar cells and photodetectors) or light emission (e.g., for color converters, lasers, and light emitting diodes) properties of QD-based devices is discussed. A brief overview of QD-based passive devices for on-chip photonic circuit integration is also presented to provide a holistic view on future opportunities for QD/photonic structure-integrated optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Chen
- School of Electronic Science and EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
- Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina
| | - Lihua Lu
- School of Electronic Science and EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Electronic Science and EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
- Future DisplayInstitute of XiamenXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina
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Shi YJ, Zhang RJ, Chen X, Wang L, Chen L, Huang QH, Li DH, Zheng YX, Wang SY, Dai N, Chen LY. Evolution of optical properties and electronic structures: band gaps and critical points in Mg xZn 1-xO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25467-25475. [PMID: 30272075 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
MgxZn1-xO (ZMO) thin films with tunable Mg content were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on silicon substrates at 190 °C. The elemental and structural properties were acquired by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were performed to reveal the evolution of the dielectric functions and critical points in the ZMO thin films by point-by-point fit in the photon energy range of 1.2-6.0 eV. The dependence of the dielectric functions on doping content is clearly demonstrated and physically explained. The critical point energies and the types of interband optical transitions were extracted from standard lineshape analysis of the second derivatives of the dielectric functions. The critical point features were discussed in terms of band structure modification and structural homogeneity arisen by introducing the Mg dopant into the films. Controlling these transitions by changing the doping content will be of practical significance in emerging ZMO-based thin-film photonic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Yeon DH, Mohanty BC, Lee CY, Lee SM, Cho YS. High-Efficiency Double Absorber PbS/CdS Heterojunction Solar Cells by Enhanced Charge Collection Using a ZnO Nanorod Array. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:4894-4899. [PMID: 31457768 PMCID: PMC6641925 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The device architecture of solar cells remains critical in achieving high photoconversion efficiency while affordable and scalable routes are being explored. Here, we demonstrate a scalable, low cost, and less toxic synthesis route for the fabrication of PbS/CdS thin-film solar cells with efficiencies as high as ∼5.59%, which is the highest efficiency obtained so far for the PbS-based solar cells not involving quantum dots. The devices use a stack of two band-aligned junctions that facilitates absorption of a wider range of the solar spectrum and an architectural modification of the electron-accepting electrode assembly consisting of a very thin CdS layer (∼10 nm) supported by vertically aligned ZnO nanorods on a ∼50 nm thick ZnO underlayer. Compared to a planar electrode of a 50 nm thick CdS film, the modified electrode assembly enhanced the efficiency by ∼39% primarily due to a significantly higher photon absorption in the PbS layer, as revealed by a detailed three-dimensional finite difference time-domain optoelectronic modeling of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deuk Ho Yeon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- R&D
Center, LG Display Co., Ltd., Paju-si 10845, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | | | - Che Yoon Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong Soo Cho
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- E-mail: .
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Tian L, Luo X, Yin M, Li D, Xue X, Wang H. Enhanced CMOS image sensor by flexible 3D nanocone anti-reflection film. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:130-135. [PMID: 36659484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CIS) are being widely used in digital video cameras, web cameras, digital single lens reflex camera (DSLR), smart phones and so on, owing to their high level of integration, random accessibility, and low-power operation. It needs to be installed with the cover glass in practical applications to protect the sensor from damage, mechanical issues, and environmental conditions, which, however, limits the accuracy and usability of the sensor due to the reflection in the optical path from air-to-cover glass-to-air. In this work, the flexible 3D nanocone anti-reflection (AR) film with controlled aspect ratio was firstly employed to reduce the light reflection at air/cover glass/air interfaces by directly attaching onto the front and rear sides of the CIS cover glass. As both the front and rear sides of cover glass were coated by the AR film, the output image quality was found to be improved with external quantum efficiency increased by 7%, compared with that without AR film. The mean digital data value, root-mean-square contrast, and dynamic range are increased by 45.14%, 38.61% and 57, respectively, for the output image with AR films. These results provide a novel and facile pathway to improve the CIS performance and also could be extended to rational design of other image sensors and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaolei Luo
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Min Yin
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Dongdong Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Xinzhong Xue
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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Effect of band-aligned double absorber layers on photovoltaic characteristics of chemical bath deposited PbS/CdS thin film solar cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14353. [PMID: 26394761 PMCID: PMC4585813 DOI: 10.1038/srep14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report the highest energy conversion efficiency and good stability of PbS thin film-based depleted heterojunction solar cells, not involving PbS quantum dots. The PbS thin films were grown by the low cost chemical bath deposition (CBD) process at relatively low temperatures. Compared to the quantum dot solar cells which require critical and multistep complex procedures for surface passivation, the present approach, leveraging the facile modulation of the optoelectronic properties of the PbS films by the CBD process, offers a simpler route for optimization of PbS-based solar cells. Through an architectural modification, wherein two band-aligned junctions are stacked without any intervening layers, an enhancement of conversion efficiency by as much as 30% from 3.10 to 4.03% facilitated by absorption of a wider range of solar spectrum has been obtained. As an added advantage of the low band gap PbS stacked over a wide gap PbS, the devices show stability over a period of 10 days.
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Carey GH, Abdelhady AL, Ning Z, Thon SM, Bakr OM, Sargent EH. Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12732-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 844] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham H. Carey
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ahmed L. Abdelhady
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike
Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Susanna M. Thon
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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Cheng C, Lee MM, Noel NK, Hughes GM, Ball JM, Assender HE, Snaith HJ, Watt AAR. Polystyrene templated porous titania wells for quantum dot heterojunction solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:14247-14252. [PMID: 25054377 DOI: 10.1021/am503558q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene spheres are used to template TiO2 with a single layer of 300 nm wells which are infilled with PbS quantum dots to form a heterojunction solar cell. The porous well device has an efficiency of 5.7% while the simple planar junction is limited to 3.2%. Using a combination of optical absorption and photocurrent transient decay measurement we determined that the performance enhancement comes from a combination of enhanced optical absorption and increased carrier lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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