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Riu F, Slater SC, Garcia EJ, Rodriguez-Arabaolaza I, Alvino V, Avolio E, Mangialardi G, Cordaro A, Satchell S, Zebele C, Caporali A, Angelini G, Madeddu P. Author Correction: The adipokine leptin modulates adventitial pericyte functions by autocrine and paracrine signalling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7132. [PMID: 38531961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sadie C Slater
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Eva Jover Garcia
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Iker Rodriguez-Arabaolaza
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Valeria Alvino
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Simon Satchell
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Carlo Zebele
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's, Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gianni Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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2
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Cordaro A, Müller R, Tabernig SW, Tucher N, Schygulla P, Höhn O, Bläsi B, Polman A. Nanopatterned Back-Reflector with Engineered Near-Field/Far-Field Light Scattering for Enhanced Light Trapping in Silicon-Based Multijunction Solar Cells. ACS Photonics 2023; 10:4061-4070. [PMID: 38027248 PMCID: PMC10655497 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Multijunction solar cells provide a path to overcome the efficiency limits of standard silicon solar cells by harvesting a broader range of the solar spectrum more efficiently. However, Si-based multijunction architectures are hindered by incomplete harvesting in the near-infrared (near-IR) spectral range as Si subcells have weak absorption close to the band gap. Here, we introduce an integrated near-field/far-field light trapping scheme to enhance the efficiency of silicon-based multijunction solar cells in the near-IR range. To achieve this, we design a nanopatterned diffractive silver back-reflector featuring a scattering matrix that optimizes trapping of multiply scattered light into a range of diffraction angles. We minimize reflection to the zeroth order and parasitic plasmonic absorption in silver by engineering destructive interference in the patterned back-contact. Numerical and experimental assessment of the optimal design on the performance of single-junction Si TOPCon solar cells highlights an improved external quantum efficiency over a planar back-reflector (+1.52 mA/cm2). Nanopatterned metagrating back-reflectors are fabricated on GaInP/GaInAsP//Si two-terminal triple-junction solar cells via substrate conformal imprint lithography and characterized optically and electronically, demonstrating a power conversion efficiency improvement of +0.9%abs over the planar reference. Overall, our work demonstrates the potential of nanophotonic light trapping for enhancing the efficiency of silicon-based multijunction solar cells, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable solar energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cordaro
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Müller
- Fraunhofer
ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Stefan Wil Tabernig
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Tucher
- Fraunhofer
ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Höhn
- Fraunhofer
ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bläsi
- Fraunhofer
ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Albert Polman
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
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Cordaro A, Edwards B, Nikkhah V, Alù A, Engheta N, Polman A. Solving integral equations in free space with inverse-designed ultrathin optical metagratings. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:365-372. [PMID: 36635333 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As standard microelectronic technology approaches fundamental limitations in speed and power consumption, novel computing strategies are strongly needed. Analogue optical computing enables the processing of large amounts of data at a negligible energy cost and high speeds. Based on these principles, ultrathin optical metasurfaces have been recently explored to process large images in real time, in particular for edge detection. By incorporating feedback, it has also recently been shown that metamaterials can be tailored to solve complex mathematical problems in the analogue domain, although these efforts have so far been limited to guided-wave systems and bulky set-ups. Here, we present an ultrathin Si metasurface-based platform for analogue computing that is able to solve Fredholm integral equations of the second kind using free-space visible radiation. A Si-based metagrating was inverse-designed to implement the scattering matrix synthesizing a prescribed kernel corresponding to the mathematical problem of interest. Next, a semitransparent mirror was incorporated into the sample to provide adequate feedback and thus perform the required Neumann series, solving the corresponding equation in the analogue domain at the speed of light. Visible wavelength operation enables a highly compact, ultrathin device that can be interrogated from free space, implying high processing speeds and the possibility of on-chip integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cordaro
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Center for Nanophotonics, Institute AMOLF, NWO, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Brian Edwards
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vahid Nikkhah
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nader Engheta
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Albert Polman
- Center for Nanophotonics, Institute AMOLF, NWO, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Valenti M, Wobben MD, Bleiji Y, Cordaro A, Tabernig SW, Aarts M, Buijs RD, Rodriguez SRK, Polman A, Alarcón-Lladó E. Optical Characterization of Plasmonic Indium Lattices Fabricated via Electrochemical Deposition. ACS Appl Opt Mater 2023; 1:753-758. [PMID: 37007840 PMCID: PMC10043931 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of periodic metallic nanoparticle lattices have found many exciting applications. Indium is an emerging plasmonic material that offers to extend the plasmonic applications given by gold and silver from the visible to the ultraviolet spectral range, with applications in imaging, sensing, and lasing. Due to the high vapor pressure/low melting temperature of indium, nanofabrication of ordered metallic nanoparticles is nontrivial. In this work, we show the potential of selective area electrochemical deposition to generate large-area lattices of In pillars for plasmonic applications. We study the optical response of the In lattices by means of angle-dependent extinction measurements demonstrating strong plasmonic surface lattice resonances and a good agreement with numerical simulations. The results open avenues toward high-quality lattices of plasmonic indium nanoparticles and can be extended to other promising plasmonic materials that can be electrochemically grown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Valenti
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merlinde D. Wobben
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yorick Bleiji
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan W. Tabernig
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Aarts
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin D. Buijs
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert Polman
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Alarcón-Lladó
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tabernig SW, Yuan L, Cordaro A, Teh ZL, Gao Y, Patterson RJ, Pusch A, Huang S, Polman A. Optically Resonant Bulk Heterojunction PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cell. ACS Nano 2022; 16:13750-13760. [PMID: 36036908 PMCID: PMC9527793 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We design an optically resonant bulk heterojunction solar cell to study optoelectronic properties of nanostructured p-n junctions. The nanostructures yield strong light-matter interaction as well as distinct charge-carrier extraction behavior, which together improve the overall power conversion efficiency. We demonstrate high-resolution substrate conformal soft-imprint lithography technology in combination with state-of-the art ZnO nanoparticles to create a nanohole template in an electron transport layer. The nanoholes are infiltrated with PbS quantum dots (QDs) to form a nanopatterned depleted heterojunction. Optical simulations show that the absorption per unit volume in the cylindrical QD absorber layer is enhanced by 19.5% compared to a planar reference. This is achieved for a square array of QD nanopillars of 330 nm height and 320 nm diameter, with a pitch of 500 nm on top of a residual QD layer of 70 nm, surrounded by ZnO. Electronic simulations show that the patterning results in a current gain of 3.2 mA/cm2 and a slight gain in voltage, yielding an efficiency gain of 0.4%. Our simulations further show that the fill factor is highly sensitive to the patterned structure. This is explained by the electric field strength varying strongly across the patterned absorber. We outline a path toward further optimized optically resonant nanopattern geometries with enhanced carrier collection properties. We demonstrate a 0.74 mA/cm2 current gain for a patterned cell compared to a planar cell in experiments, owing to a much improved infrared response, as predicted by our simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W. Tabernig
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Lin Yuan
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhi Li Teh
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Yijun Gao
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert J. Patterson
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreas Pusch
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Albert Polman
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Muscarella L, Cordaro A, Krause G, Pal D, Grimaldi G, Antony LSD, Langhorst D, Callies A, Bläsi B, Höhn O, Koenderink AF, Polman A, Ehrler B. Nanopatterning of Perovskite Thin Films for Enhanced and Directional Light Emission. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:38067-38076. [PMID: 35943781 PMCID: PMC9412957 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskites offer excellent properties for lighting and display applications. Nanopatterning perovskite films could enable perovskite-based devices with designer properties, increasing their performance and adding novel functionalities. We demonstrate the potential of nanopatterning for achieving light emission of a perovskite film into a specific angular range by introducing periodic sol-gel structures between the injection and emissive layer by using substrate conformal imprint lithography (SCIL). Structural and optical characterization reveals that the emission is funnelled into a well-defined angular range by optical resonances, while the emission wavelength and the structural properties of the perovskite film are preserved. The results demonstrate a flexible and scalable approach to the patterning of perovskite layers, paving the way toward perovskite LEDs with designer angular emission patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta
A. Muscarella
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Krause
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debapriya Pal
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Grimaldi
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Langhorst
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Callies
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bläsi
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Höhn
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. Femius Koenderink
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Polman
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abbott RA, Cordaro A, Lloyd B, Cannings-John R, Wootton M, Kirby N, Pickles T, McQueen A, Westmoreland M, Ziaj S, Martin-Clavijo A, Wernham A, Matin R, Thomas-Jones E. Observational study to estimate the proportion of surgical site infection following excision of ulcerated skin tumours (OASIS study). Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:882-888. [PMID: 34855996 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulceration is a recognized risk factor for surgical site infection (SSI); however, the proportion of patients developing SSI after excision of an ulcerated skin cancer is unknown. AIM To determine the proportion of participants with SSI after surgical excision of an ulcerated skin cancer. A secondary aim was to assess feasibility outcomes to inform the design of a randomized controlled trial to investigate the benefits and harms of perioperative antibiotics following excision of ulcerated tumours. METHODS This was a multicentre, prospective, observational study of patients undergoing excision of an ulcerated skin cancer between March 2019 and March 2020. Prior to surgical excision, surface swabs of the ulcerated tumours of participants recruited from one centre were undertaken to determine organism growth. At 4 weeks after surgery, all participants were e-mailed or posted the Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) to determine whether they had developed SSI. RESULTS In total, 148 participants were recruited 105 (70.9%) males; mean ± SD age 77.1 ± 12.3 years. Primary outcome data were available for 116 (78.4%) participants, of whom 35 (30.2%) were identified as having an SSI using the WHQ with a cutoff score of 8, and 47 (40.5%) were identified with a cutoff score of 6. Using the modified WHQ in participants with wounds left to heal by secondary intention, 33 (28.4%) and 43 (37.1%) were identified to have SSI respectively. CONCLUSION This prospective evaluation of SSI identified with the WHQ following excision of ulcerated skin cancers demonstrated a high proportion with SSI. The WHQ was acceptable to patients; however, further evaluation is required to ensure validity in assessing skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Abbott
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Cordaro
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - B Lloyd
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - M Wootton
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Kirby
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - T Pickles
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A McQueen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Westmoreland
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - S Ziaj
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - A Martin-Clavijo
- Department of Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Wernham
- Department of Dermatology, Manor Hospital, Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust, Wallsall, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - R Matin
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - E Thomas-Jones
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Altayeb A, Cordaro A, Caesar J, Vyas J, Ingram J. Two cases of skin manifestations prior to the onset of COVID-19 respiratory symptoms. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1541-1542. [PMID: 33084036 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla Altayeb
- Welsh Institute of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Welsh Institute of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jenny Caesar
- Welsh Institute of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jui Vyas
- Welsh Institute of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Dermatology & Wound Healing, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John Ingram
- Welsh Institute of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Dermatology & Wound Healing, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Cordaro A, Kwon H, Sounas D, Koenderink AF, Alù A, Polman A. High-Index Dielectric Metasurfaces Performing Mathematical Operations. Nano Lett 2019; 19:8418-8423. [PMID: 31675241 PMCID: PMC6909238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Image processing and edge detection are at the core of several newly emerging technologies, such as augmented reality, autonomous driving, and more generally object recognition. Image processing is typically performed digitally using integrated electronic circuits and algorithms, implying fundamental size and speed limitations, as well as significant power needs. On the other hand, it can also be performed in a low-power analog fashion using Fourier optics, requiring, however, bulky optical components. Here, we introduce dielectric metasurfaces that perform optical image edge detection in the analog domain using a subwavelength geometry that can be readily integrated with detectors. The metasurface is composed of a suitably engineered array of nanobeams designed to perform either first- or second-order spatial differentiation. We experimentally demonstrate the second-derivative operation on an input image, showing the potential of all-optical edge detection using a silicon metasurface geometry working at a numerical aperture as large as 0.35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cordaro
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hoyeong Kwon
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dimitrios Sounas
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - A. Femius Koenderink
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Photonics
Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New
York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Albert Polman
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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10
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Mangialardi G, Ferland-McCollough D, Maselli D, Santopaolo M, Cordaro A, Spinetti G, Sambataro M, Sullivan N, Blom A, Madeddu P. Correction to: Bone marrow pericyte dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1315. [PMID: 31115642 PMCID: PMC6828369 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Unfortunately, three errors were made in the conversion of HbA1c to per cent values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - David Ferland-McCollough
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Davide Maselli
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | | | - Maria Sambataro
- Department of Specialized Medicines, Endocrine, Metabolic and Nutrition Diseases Unit, Santa Maria of Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Niall Sullivan
- Muscloskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley Blom
- Muscloskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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Mangialardi G, Ferland-McCollough D, Maselli D, Santopaolo M, Cordaro A, Spinetti G, Sambataro M, Sullivan N, Blom A, Madeddu P. Bone marrow pericyte dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1275-1290. [PMID: 31001672 PMCID: PMC6560025 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Previous studies have shown that diabetes mellitus destabilises the integrity of the microvasculature in different organs by damaging the interaction between pericytes and endothelial cells. In bone marrow, pericytes exert trophic functions on endothelial cells and haematopoietic cells through paracrine mechanisms. However, whether bone marrow pericytes are a target of diabetes-induced damage remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether type 2 diabetes can affect the abundance and function of bone marrow pericytes. METHODS We conducted an observational clinical study comparing the abundance and molecular/functional characteristics of CD146+ pericytes isolated from the bone marrow of 25 individuals without diabetes and 14 individuals with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes, referring to our Musculoskeletal Research Unit for hip reconstructive surgery. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that diabetes causes capillary rarefaction and compression of arteriole size in bone marrow, without changing CD146+ pericyte counts. These data were confirmed by flow cytometry on freshly isolated bone marrow cells. We then performed an extensive functional and molecular characterisation of immunosorted CD146+ pericytes. Type 2 diabetes caused a reduction in pericyte proliferation, viability, migration and capacity to support in vitro angiogenesis, while inducing apoptosis. AKT is a key regulator of the above functions and its phosphorylation state is reportedly reduced in the bone marrow endothelium of individuals with diabetes. Surprisingly, we could not find a difference in AKT phosphorylation (at either Ser473 or Thr308) in bone marrow pericytes from individuals with and without diabetes. Nonetheless, the angiocrine signalling reportedly associated with AKT was found to be significantly downregulated, with lower levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), and activation of the angiogenesis inhibitor angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2). Transfection with the adenoviral vector carrying the coding sequence for constitutively active myristoylated AKT rescued functional defects and angiocrine signalling in bone marrow pericytes from diabetic individuals. Furthermore, an ANGPT2 blocking antibody restored the capacity of pericytes to promote endothelial networking. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This is the first demonstration of pericyte dysfunction in bone marrow of people with type 2 diabetes. An altered angiocrine signalling from pericytes may participate in bone marrow microvascular remodelling in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - David Ferland-McCollough
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Davide Maselli
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | | | - Maria Sambataro
- Department of Specialized Medicines, Endocrine, Metabolic and Nutrition Diseases Unit, Santa Maria of Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Niall Sullivan
- Muscloskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley Blom
- Muscloskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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Abstract
Optical analog signal processing has been gaining significant attention as a way to overcome the speed and energy limitations of digital techniques. Metasurfaces offer a promising avenue towards this goal due to their efficient manipulation of optical signals over deeply subwavelength volumes. To date, metasurfaces have been proposed to transform signals in the spatial domain, e.g., for beam steering, focusing, or holography, for which angular-dependent responses, or nonlocality, are unwanted features that must be avoided or mitigated. Here, we show that the metasurface nonlocality can be engineered to enable signal manipulation in the momentum domain over an ultrathin platform. We explore nonlocal metasurfaces performing basic mathematical operations, paving the way towards fast and power-efficient ultrathin devices for edge detection and optical image processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyeong Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Dimitrios Sounas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert Polman
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
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Haynes HR, Gallagher PJ, Cordaro A, Likeman M, Love S. A case of chronic asymptomatic central pontine myelinolysis with histological evidence of remyelination. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2017; 14:106-108. [PMID: 29177819 PMCID: PMC5830465 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-017-9933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a neurological demyelinating disease of the pons. Although usually associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia, CPM may occur despite normonatremia, is often associated with chronic alcoholism and may be asymptomatic. Histological confirmation of asymptomatic CPM is rare. We describe an unusual post-mortem case of extensive but asymptomatic CPM in a chronic alcoholic patient with normonatremia. The affected part of the pons contained thinly myelinated axons with appearances supporting remyelination. We suggest that remyelination may account for the subclinical nature of this patient's CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Haynes
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Marcus Likeman
- Department of Neuroradiology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Department of Neuropathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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14
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Riu F, Slater SC, Garcia EJ, Rodriguez-Arabaolaza I, Alvino V, Avolio E, Mangialardi G, Cordaro A, Satchell S, Zebele C, Caporali A, Angelini G, Madeddu P. The adipokine leptin modulates adventitial pericyte functions by autocrine and paracrine signalling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5443. [PMID: 28710369 PMCID: PMC5511138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of adventitial pericytes (APCs) improves recovery from tissue ischemia in preclinical animal models by still unknown mechanisms. This study investigates the role of the adipokine leptin (LEP) in the regulation of human APC biological functions. Transcriptomic analysis of APCs showed components of the LEP signalling pathway are modulated by hypoxia. Kinetic studies indicate cultured APCs release high amounts of immunoreactive LEP following exposure to hypoxia, continuing upon return to normoxia. Secreted LEP activates an autocrine/paracrine loop through binding to the LEP receptor (LEPR) and induction of STAT3 phosphorylation. Titration studies using recombinant LEP and siRNA knockdown of LEP or LEPR demonstrate the adipokine exerts important regulatory roles in APC growth, survival, migration and promotion of endothelial network formation. Heterogeneity in LEP expression and secretion may influence the reparative proficiency of APC therapy. Accordingly, the levels of LEP secretion predict the microvascular outcome of APCs transplantation in a mouse limb ischemia model. Moreover, we found that the expression of the Lepr gene is upregulated on resident vascular cells from murine ischemic muscles, thus providing a permissive milieu to transplanted LEP-expressing APCs. Results highlight a new mechanism responsible for APC adaptation to hypoxia and instrumental to vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
- University of Nottingham, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sadie C Slater
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Jover Garcia
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Iker Rodriguez-Arabaolaza
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Alvino
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Satchell
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Zebele
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Caporali
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gianni Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
The concept of pericyte has been changing over years. This cell type was believed to possess only a function of trophic support to endothelial cells and to maintain vasculature stabilization. In the last years, the discovery of multipotent ability of perivascular populations led to the concept of vessel/wall niche. Likewise, several perivascular populations have been identified in animal and human bone marrow. In this review, we provide an overview on bone marrow perivascular population, their cross-talk with other niche components, relationship with bone marrow stromal stem cells, and similarities and differences with the perivascular population of the vessel/wall niche. Finally, we focus on the regenerative potential of these cells and the forthcoming challenges related to their use as cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
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