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Chong HS, Sun X, Chen Y, Sin I, Kang CS, Lewis MR, Liu D, Ruthengael VC, Zhong Y, Wu N, Song HA. Synthesis and comparative biological evaluation of bifunctional ligands for radiotherapy applications of (90)Y and (177)Lu. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:1169-78. [PMID: 25648683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zevalin® is an antibody-drug conjugate radiolabeled with a cytotoxic radioisotope ((90)Y) that was approved for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A bifunctional ligand that displays favorable complexation kinetics and in vivo stability is required for effective RIT. New bifunctional ligands 3p-C-DE4TA and 3p-C-NE3TA for potential use in RIT were efficiently prepared by the synthetic route based on regiospecific ring opening of aziridinium ions with prealkylated triaza- or tetraaza-backboned macrocycles. The new bifunctional ligands 3p-C-DE4TA and 3p-C-NE3TA along with the known bimodal ligands 3p-C-NETA and 3p-C-DEPA were comparatively evaluated for potential use in targeted radiotherapy using β-emitting radionuclides (90)Y and (177)Lu. The bifunctional ligands were evaluated for radiolabeling kinetics with (90)Y and (177)Lu, and the corresponding (90)Y or (177)Lu-radiolabeled complexes were studied for in vitro stability in human serum and in vivo biodistribution in mice. The results of the comparative complexation kinetic and stability studies indicate that size of macrocyclic cavity, ligand denticity, and bimodality of donor groups have a substantial impact on complexation of the bifunctional ligands with the radiolanthanides. The new promising bifunctional chelates in the DE4TA and NE3TA series were rapid in binding (90)Y and (177)Lu, and the corresponding (90)Y- and (177)Lu-radiolabeled complexes remained inert in human serum or in mice. The in vitro and in vivo data show that 3p-C-DE4TA and 3p-C-NE3TA are promising bifunctional ligands for targeted radiotherapy applications of (90)Y and (177)Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States.
| | - Xiang Sun
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Inseok Sin
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Michael R Lewis
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dijie Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Varyanna C Ruthengael
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Yongliang Zhong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Ningjie Wu
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Hyun A Song
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
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Kang CS, Chen Y, Lee H, Liu D, Sun X, Kweon J, Lewis MR, Chong HS. Synthesis and evaluation of a new bifunctional NETA chelate for molecular targeted radiotherapy using(90)Y or(177)Lu. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:242-9. [PMID: 25487552 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic potential of β-emitting cytotoxic radionuclides (90)Y and (177)Lu has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical and clinical trials. A bifunctional chelate that can effectively complex with the radioisotopes is a critical component for molecular targeted radiotherapy (90)Y and (177)Lu. A new bifunctional chelate 5p-C-NETA with a relatively long alkyl spacer between the chelating backbone and the functional unit for conjugation to a tumor targeting moiety was synthesized. 5p-C-NETA was conjugated to a model targeting moiety, a cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys (RGDyK) peptide binding integrin αvβ3 protein overexpressed on various cancers. 5p-C-NETA was conjugated to c(RGDyK) peptide and evaluated for potential use in molecular targeted radiotherapy of (90)Y and (177)Lu. METHODS 5p-C-NETA conjugated with c(RGDyK) was evaluated in vitro for radiolabeling, serum stability, binding affinity, and the result of the in vitro studies of 5p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK) was compared to that of 3p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK). (177)Lu-5p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK) was further evaluated for in vivo biodistribution using gliobastoma bearing mice. RESULT The new chelate rapidly and tightly bound to a cytotoxic radioisotope for cancer therapy, (90)Y or (177)Lu with excellent radiolabeling efficiency and maximum specific activity under mild condition (>99%, RT, <1 min). (90)Y- and (177)Lu-radiolabeled complexes of the new chelator remained stable in human serum without any loss of the radiolanthanide for 14 days. Introduction of the tumor targeting RGD moiety to the new chelator made little impact on complexation kinetics and stability with (90)Y or (177)Lu. (177)Lu-radiolabeled 5p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK) conjugate was shown to target tumors in mice and produced a favorable in vivo stability profile. CONCLUSION The results of in vitro and in vivo evaluation suggest that 5p-C-NETA is an effective bifunctional chelate of (90)Y and (177)Lu that can be applied for generation of versatile molecular targeted radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Soo Kang
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Dijie Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Xiang Sun
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael R Lewis
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.
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Jagadish B, Ozumerzifon TJ, Roberts SA, Hall GB, Mash EA, Raghunand N. IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 10-(2-ALKYLAMINO-2-OXOETHYL)-1,4,7,10-TETRAAZACYCLODODECANE-1,4,7-TRIACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES BEARING ACID-SENSITIVE LINKERS. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013; 44. [PMID: 24363464 DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.813547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation of the hydrobromide salts of 1,4,7-tris(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane and 1,4,7-tris(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane with appropriate α-bromoacetamides, followed by hydrolysis, provides convenient access to 10-(2-alkylamino-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid derivatives that contain acid-sensitive functional groups. The utility of the method is demonstrated by improved syntheses of two known DOTA monoamides bearing acid-sensitive ω-tritylthio alkyl chains in much higher yields based on cyclen as the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumasamudram Jagadish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041 USA
| | - Tarik J Ozumerzifon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041 USA
| | - Sue A Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041 USA
| | - Gabriel B Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041 USA
| | - Eugene A Mash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041 USA
| | - Natarajan Raghunand
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041 USA ; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041 USA
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Frullano L, Caravan P. Strategies for the preparation of bifunctional gadolinium(III) chelators. Curr Org Synth 2011; 8:535-565. [PMID: 22375102 DOI: 10.2174/157017911796117250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of gadolinium chelators that can be easily and readily linked to various substrates is of primary importance for the development high relaxation efficiency and/or targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Over the last 25 years a large number of bifunctional chelators have been prepared. For the most part, these compounds are based on ligands that are already used in clinically approved contrast agents. More recently, new bifunctional chelators have been reported based on complexes that show a more potent relaxation effect, faster complexation kinetics and in some cases simpler synthetic procedures. This review provides an overview of the synthetic strategies used for the preparation of bifunctional chelators for MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Frullano
- Case Western Reserve University. 11100 Euclid Ave Cleveland, OH 44106
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Lattuada L, Barge A, Cravotto G, Giovenzana GB, Tei L. The synthesis and application of polyamino polycarboxylic bifunctional chelating agents. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3019-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Barge A, Cappelletti E, Cravotto G, Ferrigato A, Lattuada L, Marinoni F, Tei L. Synthesis of functionalised HP-DO3A chelating agents for conjugation to biomolecules. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3810-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b905369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojmír Suchý
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5K8
| | - Robert H. E. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
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Meunier S, Cristau P, Taran F. New Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Nitro Derivatives for the Synthesis of Bifunctional and Trifunctional Chelating Agents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910500189718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Meunier
- a Service de Marquage Moléculaire et de Chimie Bio‐Organique , DBJC/DSV CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Cristau
- a Service de Marquage Moléculaire et de Chimie Bio‐Organique , DBJC/DSV CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- a Service de Marquage Moléculaire et de Chimie Bio‐Organique , DBJC/DSV CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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Onthank DC, Liu S, Silva PJ, Barrett JA, Harris TD, Robinson SP, Edwards DS. 90Y and 111In complexes of a DOTA-conjugated integrin alpha v beta 3 receptor antagonist: different but biologically equivalent. Bioconjug Chem 2004; 15:235-41. [PMID: 15025518 DOI: 10.1021/bc034108q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
90Y-TA138 is a (90)Y-labeled nonpeptide integrin alpha(v)beta(3) receptor antagonist that binds with high affinity and specificity to integrin alpha(v)beta(3) receptors overexpressed on both endothelial and tumor cells. (90)Y-TA138 has demonstrated significant therapeutic effects in several preclinical tumor-bearing animal models. Since (90)Y is a pure beta-emitter, (111)In-TA138 has been chosen as the imaging surrogate for dosimetry determination of (90)Y-TA138. This report describes the synthesis of (111)In-TA138 and biological evaluations of both (111)In-TA138 and (90)Y-TA138 in the c-neu Oncomouse model. The HPLC data shows that (111)In-TA138 is more hydrophilic with the retention time approximately 4.5 min shorter than that of (90)Y-TA138 under identical chromatographic conditions. Since the only difference between (111)In-TA138 and (90)Y-TA138 is the metal ion, the HPLC retention time difference strongly suggests that indium and yttrium chelates do not share the same coordination sphere in solution even though they are coordinated by the same DOTA conjugate. Despite their differences in lipophilicity and solution structure, biodistribution data in the c-neu Oncomouse model clearly showed that (111)In-TA138 and (90)Y-TA138 are biologically equivalent with respect to their uptake in tumors and other major organs. Therefore, (111)In-TA138 is useful as an imaging surrogate for (90)Y-TA138 and should be able to predict the radiation dosimetry of (90)Y-TA138, a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for treatment of rapidly growing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Onthank
- Discovery R & D, Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA
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Chong HS, Garmestani K, Ma D, Milenic DE, Overstreet T, Brechbiel MW. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic ligands with pendent donor groups as potential yttrium chelators for radioimmunotherapy with improved complex formation kinetics. J Med Chem 2002; 45:3458-64. [PMID: 12139456 DOI: 10.1021/jm0200759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N' '-triacetic acid (NOTA) based octadentate ligands [2-(4,7-biscarboxymethyl[1,4,7]triazacyclononan-1-ylethyl)carbonylmethylamino]acetic acid tetrahydrochloride (1) and [3-(4,7-biscarboxymethyl[1,4,7]triazacyclononan-1-yl-propyl)carbonylmethylamino]acetic acid tetrahydrochloride (2) with pendent donor groups as potential yttrium chelators for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) have been prepared via a convenient and high-yield cyclization route. The complexation kinetics of the novel chelates with Y(III) was investigated and compared to that of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N' ',N" '-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), a macrocyclic chelating agent well recognized as forming very stable complexes with yttrium but also limited in usage because of slow Y(III) complex formation rates. The in vitro stability of the corresponding (88)Y-labeled complexes in human serum was assessed by measuring the release of (88)Y from the complexes over 14 days. The in vivo biodistribution of (86)Y-labeled 1 in mice was evaluated and compared to that of the (86)Y-DOTA complex. Formation of the Y complex of 1 was significantly more rapid than that of either 2 or DOTA. Serum stability of the (88)Y complex formed with 1 was equivalent to the DOTA complex, while the complex formed with 2 proved to be significantly unstable. The results obtained from a biodistribution study indicate that the (86)Y-1 complex possesses in vivo stability comparable to the analogous DOTA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-soon Chong
- Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Building 10, Room B3B69, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Liu S, Pietryka J, Ellars CE, Edwards DS. Comparison of yttrium and indium complexes of DOTA-BA and DOTA-MBA: models for (90)Y- and (111)In-labeled DOTA-biomolecule conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2002; 13:902-13. [PMID: 12121149 DOI: 10.1021/bc010134h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Yttrium and indium complexes of 1,4,7,10-tetraaza-4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-cyclododecylacetylbenzylamine (DOTA-BA) and 1,4,7,10-tetraaza-4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-cyclododecylacetyl-R-(+)-alpha-methylbenzylamine (DOTA-MBA) were prepared in order to study solution structures of (90)Y- and (111)In-labeled DOTA-biomolecule conjugates. (90)Y and (111)In complexes M(L) (M = (90)Y and (111)In; L = DOTA-BA and DOTA-MBA) were prepared from the reaction of MCl(3) with DOTA-BA and DOTA-MBA, respectively, in ammonium acetate buffer. A reverse phase HPLC method revealed that both (90)Y and (111)In complexes show only one radiometric peak in their radio-HPLC chromatograms. It was also found that (111)In(DOTA-BA) and (111)In(DOTA-MBA) are more hydrophilic than their corresponding (90)Y analogues, suggesting different coordination spheres in (111)In and (90)Y complexes of the same DOTA conjugate. Complexes M(L) (M = Y and In; L = DOTA-BA and DOTA-MBA) were prepared and characterized by HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR ((1)H and (13)C) methods. The HPLC concordance experiments for (90)Y(DOTA-MBA)/Y(DOTA-MBA) and (111)In(DOTA-MBA)/In(DOTA-MBA) show that the same complex is prepared at both tracer and macroscopic levels. The NMR data ((1)H and (13)C) clearly demonstrates that Y(DOTA-BA) and Y(DOTA-MBA) exist in solution as one predominant isomer. VT NMR data ((1)H and (13)C) show that In(DOTA-BA) and In(DOTA-MBA) are fluxional at room temperature while Y(DOTA-BA) and Y(DOTA-MBA) become fluxional only at elevated temperatures. The fluxionality of these complexes is due to rapid rotation of acetate/acetamide chelating arms and inversion of ethylenic groups of the macrocyclic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA.
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Li L, Tsai SW, Anderson AL, Keire DA, Raubitschek AA, Shively JE. Vinyl sulfone bifunctional derivatives of DOTA allow sulfhydryl- or amino-directed coupling to antibodies. Conjugates retain immunoreactivity and have similar biodistributions. Bioconjug Chem 2002; 13:110-5. [PMID: 11792185 DOI: 10.1021/bc015535b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a bifunctional vinyl sulfone-cysteineamido derivative of DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) that can be conjugated to the sulfhydryls of mildly reduced recombinant antibody (chimeric anti-CEA antibody cT84.66) at pH 7 or to the amino groups of lysine residues at pH 9. The conjugation is sulfhydryl specific at pH 7 (case 1), and amino specific at pH 9 (case 2) as long as the antibody has no free sulhydryl groups. At a molar ratio of 50 BCA (bifunctional chelating agent) to mAb, the number of chelates conjugated is 0.8 for case 1, and 4.6 for case 2. The resulting conjugates can be radiolabeled with (111)In to high specific activity (5 mCi/mg) with high efficiency (>95%) at 43 degrees C in 60 min. The radiolabeled conjugates retained >95% immunoreactivity and are stable in serum containing 1mM DTPA over 3 d. When the radiolabeled conjugates were injected into nude mice bearing LS174T human colon tumor xenografts, over 40% ID/g accumulated in tumors during the period 24-72h. Tumor-to-blood ratios were 4.5, 3.5, and 2.5 for the sulfhydryl coupled conjugate at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, and 2.7, 2.5, and 2.3 for the amino-coupled conjugate at the same time points. For other organs the biodistributions were nearly identical whether the conjugates were attached via sulfhydryl or amino groups. These novel BCAs are easy to synthesize, offer versatile conjugation options, and give equivalent biodistributions that result in high tumor uptake and good tumor-to-blood ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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Liu S, Cheung E, Ziegler MC, Rajopadhye M, Edwards DS. (90)Y and (177)Lu labeling of a DOTA-conjugated vitronectin receptor antagonist useful for tumor therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12:559-68. [PMID: 11459461 DOI: 10.1021/bc000146n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The (90)Y and (177)Lu complexes (RP697 and RP688, respectively) of a DOTA-conjugated vitronectin receptor antagonist (SU015: 2-(1,4,7,10-tetraaza-4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-cyclododecyl)acetyl-Glu(cyclo[Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe])-cyclo[Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe]) were prepared by reacting SU015 with the radiometal chloride in ammonium acetate buffer (pH > 7.2) in the presence of an antioxidant (sodium gentisate, GA). Through a series of radiolabeling experiments, it was found that there are many factors influencing the rate of (90)Y chelation and the radiolabeling efficiency of SU015. These include the purity of SU015, the pH, reaction temperature, and heating time, as well as the presence of trace metal contaminants, such as Ca(2+), Fe(3+), and Zn(2+). The chelation of (90)Y by SU015 is slow, so that heating at elevated temperatures (50-100 degrees C) is needed to complete the (90)Y-labeling. The rate of (90)Y chelation is also dependent on the pH of the reaction mixture. Under optimized radiolabeling conditions (pH 7.2-7.8 and heating at 50-100 degrees C for 5-10 min), the minimum amount of SU015 required to achieve 95% RCP for RP697 is approximately 25 microg for 20 mCi of (90)YCl(3) corresponding to a SU015:(90)Y ratio of approximately 30:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Medical Imaging Division, DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA.
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Hassfjell S, Brechbiel MW. The development of the alpha-particle emitting radionuclides 212Bi and 213Bi, and their decay chain related radionuclides, for therapeutic applications. Chem Rev 2001; 101:2019-36. [PMID: 11710239 DOI: 10.1021/cr000118y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hassfjell
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Room B3B69, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
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Liu S, Edwards DS. Bifunctional chelators for therapeutic lanthanide radiopharmaceuticals. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12:7-34. [PMID: 11170362 DOI: 10.1021/bc000070v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Medical Imaging Division, DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA.
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Ladd DL, Hollister R, Peng X, Wei D, Wu G, Delecki D, Snow RA, Toner JL, Kellar K, Eck J, Desai VC, Raymond G, Kinter LB, Desser TS, Rubin DL. Polymeric gadolinium chelate magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents: design, synthesis, and properties. Bioconjug Chem 1999; 10:361-70. [PMID: 10346865 DOI: 10.1021/bc980086+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized and evaluated five series of polymeric gadolinium chelates which are of interest as potential MRI blood pool contrast agents. The polymers were designed so that important physical properties including molecular weight, relaxivity, metal content, viscosity, and chelate stability could be varied. We have shown that, by selecting polymers of the appropriate MW, extended blood pool retention can be achieved. In addition, relaxivity can be manipulated by changing the polymer rigidity, metal content affected by monomer selection, viscosity by polymer shape, and chelate stability by chelator selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Ladd
- Torsten Almén Research Center, Nycomed Amersham Imaging, 466 Devon Park Drive, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087, USA.
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Lewis MR, Shively JE. Maleimidocysteineamido-DOTA derivatives: new reagents for radiometal chelate conjugation to antibody sulfhydryl groups undergo pH-dependent cleavage reactions. Bioconjug Chem 1998; 9:72-86. [PMID: 9460549 DOI: 10.1021/bc970136v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized two bifunctional derivatives of the macrocyclic chelating agent 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N"-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) equipped with maleimide groups for conjugation to reduced disulfide bonds of monoclonal antibodies. Using water-soluble carbodiimide chemistry, DOTA was coupled to L-cysteine to incorporate both a "pendant-type" carboxyl group for metal coordination and an orthogonal thiol group for protein attachment. The homobifunctional reagent 1,6-bis(maleimido)hexane was then used to introduce the maleimide functionality via a sulfide linkage to the macrocycle, and alternatively, the sulfide group was converted to a sulfone side chain. Both maleimide derivatives were conjugated to the anticarcinoembryonic antigen chimeric monoclonal antibody cT84.66 after light reduction of the mAb with dithiothreitol. In this manner, antibody conjugates were prepared which afforded near-quantitative labeling with the radiometals 111In(III) and 90Y(III) as well as quantitative immunoreactivity. Radioimmunoconjugates prepared with the sulfide and sulfone compounds exhibited relatively rapid linker-dependent radiometal loss when incubated in human serum and aqueous solutions at physiological temperature and pH. The unconjugated maleimidocysteineamido-DOTA derivatives and their Y(III) complexes were incubated in aqueous solution at 37 degrees C, and the resulting decomposition products were analyzed by HPLC and mass spectrometry. These studies revealed that the two bifunctional chelating agents underwent linker-specific cleavage reactions which were considerably faster at pH 7.4 than at pH 5.4. The chemically labile linker systems are expected to release chelated radiometal from mAb conjugates in a pH-dependent manner. This property may impart favorable tumor uptake and normal tissue clearance on radioimmunoconjugates prepared with these reagents, on the basis of the observation that many solid tumors are significantly more acidic than normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Lewis
- City of Hope Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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Trabaud C, Dessolin J, Camplo M, Kraus LJ. Synthesis of New Tetrakis N-Substituted Tetra-Azamacrocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919808005724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gilbert ML, Brown GM, Elbert JE, Sachleben RA. A new synthetic route to 2-(p-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ansari MH, Ahmad M, Dicke KA. Synthesis of N-[3-(p-aminophenyl)-1-carboxypropyl] derivatives of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′-diacetic acid and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″-triacetic acid: macrocyclic bifunctional chelating agents useful for antibodies labelling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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