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Wu Z, Dou J, Nguyen KU, Eppley JC, Siwawannapong K, Zhang Y, Lindsey JS. Tailoring the AIE Chromogen 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole for Use in Enzyme-Triggered Molecular Brachytherapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248682. [PMID: 36557815 PMCID: PMC9786593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A targeted strategy for treating cancer is antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, where the enzyme attached to the antibody causes conversion of an inactive small-molecule prodrug into an active drug. A limitation may be the diffusion of the active drug away from the antibody target site. A related strategy with radiotherapeutics entails enzymatically promoted conversion of a soluble to insoluble radiotherapeutic agent, thereby immobilizing the latter at the target site. Such a molecular brachytherapy has been scarcely investigated. In distinct research, the advent of molecular designs for aggregation-induced emission (AIE) suggests translational use in molecular brachytherapy. Here, several 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole substrates that readily aggregate in aqueous solution (and afford AIE) were elaborated in this regard. In particular, (1) the 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) unit was derivatized to bear a pegylated phosphodiester that imparts water solubility yet undergoes enzymatic cleavage, and (2) a p-phenol unit was attached to the benzo moiety to provide a reactive site for final-step iodination (here examined with natural abundance iodide). The pegylated phosphodiester-iodinated benzothiazole undergoes conversion from aqueous-soluble to aqueous-insoluble upon treatment with a phosphatase or phosphodiesterase. The aggregation is essential to molecular brachytherapy, whereas the induced emission of AIE is not essential but provides a convenient basis for research development. Altogether, 21 compounds were synthesized (18 new, 3 known via new routes). Taken together, blending biomedical strategies of enzyme prodrug therapy with materials chemistry concerning substances that undergo AIE may comprise a step forward on the long road toward molecular brachytherapy.
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2
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Sajadi MS, Kazemi E, Darehkordi A. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of novel trifluoromethylated quinazolinone, N-arylquinazoline and N-benzylquinazoline derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Zhang X, Ren C, Hu F, Gao Y, Wang Z, Li H, Liu J, Liu B, Yang C. Detection of Bacterial Alkaline Phosphatase Activity by Enzymatic In Situ Self-Assembly of the AIEgen-Peptide Conjugate. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5185-5190. [PMID: 32207924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity are associated with various diseases, and many ALP probes have been developed to date. However, the development of ALP-sensitive probes for living cells, especially for the detection of bacterial ALP, remains challenging because of the complex and dynamic context. In this study, we constructed the first fluorescent probe (TPEPy-pY) for sensing bacterial ALP activity. TPEPy-pY is an AIEgen-peptide conjugate with property of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and could turn on its fluorescence by ALP-catalyzed in situ self-assembly of the probe. The probe shows excellent selectivity and sensitivity for ALP activity, with a detection limit of 6.6 × 10-3 U mL-1. TPEPy-pY performs well in detection and in situ imaging of bacterial ALP activity against E. coli. Also, the detection does not require tedious washing steps and takes approximately 1 h, which is advantageous over commercial ALP kits. Therefore, the proposed strategy paved a new avenue for bacterial ALP detection, and we envision that more self-assembling fluorescent probes will be designed with higher sensitivity in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Yang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Huiqiang Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Cuihong Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Wu Z, Takashima I, Nguyen KU, Matsumoto N, Lindsey JS. Engineering of an archaeal phosphodiesterase to trigger aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of synthetic substrates. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03208e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes that can be triggered by enzymatic activity are valuable for applications across the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Ippei Takashima
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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Wang J, Zhou J, He H, Wu D, Du X, Xu B. Cell-Compatible Nanoprobes for Imaging Intracellular Phosphatase Activities. Chembiochem 2019; 20:526-531. [PMID: 30388302 PMCID: PMC6377289 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatases play an important role in cell biology, but only a few probes are suitable for selectively imaging phosphatase activity in live cells, because the current probes require cell fixation or exhibit considerable cytotoxicity. Herein, we show that conjugating a d-peptide to a quinazolinone derivative generates cell-compatible, biostable probes for imaging the phosphatase activity inside live cells. Moreover, our results show that inhibiting ectophosphatases is a critical factor for imaging intracellular phosphatases. As the first example of using selective inhibitors to ensure intracellular function of molecular probes, this work illustrates a facile approach to design molecular probes for profiling the activities of enzymes in a spatial, selective manner in a complicated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St. Waltham, MA 02454 (USA),
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St. Waltham, MA 02454 (USA),
| | - Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St. Waltham, MA 02454 (USA),
| | - Difei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St. Waltham, MA 02454 (USA),
| | - Xuewen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St. Waltham, MA 02454 (USA),
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St. Waltham, MA 02454 (USA),
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6
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Novel triclabendazole prodrug: A highly water soluble alternative for the treatment of fasciolosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:616-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Zhou J, Du X, Berciu C, He H, Shi J, Nicastro D, Xu B. Enzyme-Instructed Self-Assembly for Spatiotemporal Profiling of the Activities of Alkaline Phosphatases on Live Cells. Chem 2016; 1:246-263. [PMID: 28393126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an ectoenzyme, plays important roles in biology. But there is no activity probes for imaging ALPs in live cell environment due to the diffusion and cytotoxicity of current probes. Here we report the profiling of the activities of ALPs on live cells by enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) of a D-peptidic derivative that forms fluorescent, non-diffusive nanofibrils. Our study reveals the significantly higher activities of ALP on cancer cells than on stromal cells in their co-culture and shows an inherent and dynamic difference in ALP activities between drug sensitive and resistant cancer cells or between cancer cells with and without hormonal stimulation. Being complementary to genomic profiling of cells, EISA, as a reaction-diffusion controlled process, achieves high spatiotemporal resolution for profiling activities of ALPs of live cells at single cell level. The activity probes of ALP contribute to understanding the reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the extracellular domains that is an emerging frontier in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Xuewen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Cristina Berciu
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | | | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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8
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Critical analysis of radioiodination techniques for micro and macro organic molecules. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
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9
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Bao Y, Yan Y, Xu K, Su J, Zha Z, Wang Z. Copper-catalyzed radical methylation/C-H amination/oxidation cascade for the synthesis of quinazolinones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4736-42. [PMID: 25849218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed radical methylation/sp(3) C-H amination/oxidation reaction for the facile synthesis of quinazolinone was developed. In this cascade reaction, dicumyl peroxide acts not only as a useful oxidant but also as an efficient methyl source. Notably, a methyl radical, generated from peroxide, was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance for the first time.
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10
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Yang Y, Adelstein SJ, Kassis AI. Putative molecular signatures for the imaging of prostate cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:65-74. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Pospisil P, Korideck H, Wang K, Yang Y, Iyer LK, Kassis AI. Computational and biological evaluation of quinazolinone prodrug for targeting pancreatic cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:926-34. [PMID: 22304734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our concept of enzyme-mediated cancer imaging and therapy aims to use radiolabeled compounds to target hydrolases over-expressed on the extracellular surface of solid tumors. A data mining approach identified extracellular sulfatase 1 (SULF1) as an enzyme expressed on the surface of pancreatic cancer cells. We designed, synthesized, and characterized 2-(2'-sulfooxyphenyl)-6-iodo-4-(3H)-quinazolinone (IQ(2-S)) as well as its radioiodinated form ((125) IQ(2-S)) as a prodrug with potential for hydrolysis by SULF1. IQ(2-S) was successfully docked in silico into three enzymes - homolog of SULF1, alkaline phosphatase, and prostatic acid phosphatase. The incubation of (125) IQ(2-S) and (125) IQ(2-P) with the three enzymes in solution confirms the docking results and enzyme selectivity for the analogs. The hydrolysis of both radioactive compounds produces the water-insoluble, fluorescent product 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(125) I]iodo-4-(3H)-quinazolinone ((125) IQ(2-OH)). The in vitro incubation of (127) IQ(2-S) and (127) IQ(2-P) with pancreatic, ovarian, and prostate cancer cells expressing studied hydrolases also results in their hydrolysis and the precipitation of (127) IQ(2-OH) fluorescent crystals on the cell surface. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to report the targeting of a radioactive substrate to SULF1 and that this prodrug may be potentially useful in the imaging ((123) I/(124) I/(131) I) and radiotherapy ((131) I) of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pospisil
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Yang Y, Wang K, Li W, Adelstein SJ, Kassis AI. Human placental alkaline phosphatase-mediated hydrolysis correlates tightly with the electrostatic contribution from tail group. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:923-31. [PMID: 21910833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human placental alkaline phosphatase has been identified as a hydrolase that is significantly overexpressed on the surface of various solid tumor cells, and is therefore a suitable prodrug design target for non-invasive cancer imaging and therapy. Structure-based prediction of enzymatic activities is essential for rational prodrug design. We have been probing the catalytic proficiency--(k(cat) /K(M) )/k(w)--of placental alkaline phosphatase toward several widely diverse substrate structures experimentally and correlating these results to in silico predictions that are based on the free energy estimates obtained from docking of each substrate structure with placental alkaline phosphatase. We have found that electrostatic contribution from the tail group is the most crucial factor to determine the catalytic efficiencies of the substrates. The electrostatic contribution and the total binding energy of the tail group are well correlated with catalytic efficiencies (R² = 0.79 and 0.89, respectively). However, hydrophobic contribution from the tail group does not correlate with the catalytic efficiencies (negative correlation, R² = 0.27). This supports the prior hypothesis stating that alkaline phosphatase-mediated differential hydrolysis of its substrates is attributable to the differential interactions with the tail group, determined by the electrostatic contributions from the non-bridging oxygen atoms. Calculation of the electrostatic potentials within the active site of human placental alkaline phosphatase also suggests that the local positive electrostatic environment may account for its capability to distinguish various substrates. Our study is likely to have immediate implications in the design of prodrugs against human placental alkaline phosphatase and other esterases overexpressed by human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Liu X, Shi D, Tang J, Yang D, Li J. 5'-Methyl-sulfanyl-4'-oxo-7'-phenyl-3',4'-dihydro-1'H-spiro-[cyclo-hexane-1,2'-quinazoline]-8'-carbonitrile dimethyl-formamide monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2016. [PMID: 22091048 PMCID: PMC3213469 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811026948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C21H21N3OS·C3H7NO, the carbonitrile molecule is built up of two fused six-membered rings and one six-membered ring linked through a spiro C atom. The 1,3-diaza ring adopts an envelope conformation and the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 46.7 (3)°. In the crystal, the components are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
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Mizuno M, Iwakura Y, Shibuya M, Zheng Y, Eda T, Kato T, Takasu Y, Nawa H. Antipsychotic potential of quinazoline ErbB1 inhibitors in a schizophrenia model established with neonatal hippocampal lesioning. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 114:320-31. [PMID: 20962455 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10099fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-signaling of the epidermal growth factor receptor family (ErbB) is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Various quinazoline inhibitors targeting ErbB1 or ErbB2 - 4 have been developed as anti-cancer agents and might be useful for antipsychotic treatment. In the present study, we used an animal model of schizophrenia established by neonatal hippocampal lesioning and evaluated the neurobehavioral consequences of ErbB1-inhibitor treatment. Subchronic administration of the ErbB1 inhibitor ZD1839 to the cerebroventricle of rats receiving neonatal hippocampal lesioning ameliorated deficits in prepulse inhibition as well as those in the latent inhibition of tone-dependent fear learning. There were no apparent adverse effects on basal learning scores or locomotor activity, however. The administration of other ErbB1 inhibitors, PD153035 and OSI-774, similarly attenuated the prepulse inhibition impairment of this animal model. In parallel, there were decreases in ErbB1 phosphorylation in animals treated with ErbB1 inhibitors. These results indicate an antipsychotic potential of quinazoline ErbB1 inhibitors. ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases may be novel therapeutic targets for schizophrenia or its related psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mizuno
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Japan
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15
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Chou LC, Chen CT, Lee JC, Way TD, Huang CH, Huang SM, Teng CM, Yamori T, Wu TS, Sun CM, Chien DS, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH, Huang LJ, Kuo SC. Synthesis and preclinical evaluations of 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-6,7-methylenedioxyquinolin-4-one monosodium phosphate (CHM-1-P-Na) as a potent antitumor agent. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1616-26. [PMID: 20102207 DOI: 10.1021/jm901292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CHM-1 [2-(2-fluorophenyl)-6,7-methylenedioxyquinolin-4-one] (1) has a unique antitumor mechanism of action. However, because 1 has relatively low hydrophilicity, it was evaluated only via ip administration, which is not clinically acceptable. In this study, we synthesized the monosodium phosphate salt (CHM-1-P-Na, 4) of 1 as a hydrophilic prodrug. Compound 4 was rapidly converted into 1 following iv and po administration and also possessed excellent antitumor activity in a SKOV-3 xenograft nude mice model. Compound 4 also had clear-cut pharmacological effects on enzymes related with tumor cells. Neither 4 nor 1 significantly affected normal biological function in a safety pharmacology profiling study. Compound 1 caused apoptotic effects in breast carcinoma cells via accumulation of cyclin B1, and importantly, the endogenous levels of the mitotic spindle checkpoint proteins BubR1 directly correlated with cellular response to microtubule disruption. With excellent antitumor activity profiles, 4 is highly promising for development as an anticancer clinical trials candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Chou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
PURPOSE The extreme radiotoxicity of Auger electrons and their exquisite capacity to irradiate specific molecular sites has prompted scientists to extensively investigate their radiobiological effects. Their efforts have been punctuated by quadrennial international symposia that have focused on biophysical aspects of Auger processes. The latest meeting, the 6th International Symposium on Physical, Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects of Auger Processes, was held 5-6 July 2007 at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. This article provides a review of the research in this field that was published during the years 2004-2007, the period that has elapsed since the previous meeting. CONCLUSION The field has advanced considerably. A glimpse of the potential of this unique form of ionizing radiation to contribute to future progress in a variety of fields of study is proffered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W Howell
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Kassis AI, Korideck H, Wang K, Pospisil P, Adelstein SJ. Novel prodrugs for targeting diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides to solid tumors. Molecules 2008; 13:391-404. [PMID: 18305426 PMCID: PMC6244955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer therapeutics (chemo, radiation, antibody-based, anti-angiogenic) are at best partially and/or temporarily effective. In general, the causes for failure can be summarized as: (i) poor diffusion and/or nonuniform distribution of drug/prodrug molecules in solid tumors; (ii) high drug concentration and retention in normal tissues (leading to side effects); (iii) requirement for plasma-membrane permeability and/or internalization of drug/prodrug molecules; (iv) low uptake of drug by tumor; (v) lack of retention of drug within tumor (most have gradient-driven reversible binding); and (vi) multidrug resistance. We are developing an innovative technology that aims to surmount these problems by actively concentrating and permanently entrapping radioimaging and radiotherapeutic prodrugs specifically within solid tumors. The approach will enable noninvasive sensing (imaging) and effective therapy of solid tumors, allowing tumor detection, diagnosis, and treatment to be closely coupled (personalized medicine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin I Kassis
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Armenise Building, Room D2-137, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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18
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Yao Z, Borbas KE, Lindsey JS. Soluble precipitable porphyrins for use in targeted molecular brachytherapy. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b714127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Wang K, Adelstein SJ, Kassis AI. DMSO increases radioiodination yield of radiopharmaceuticals. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:50-9. [PMID: 17931872 PMCID: PMC2139899 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A high-yield radioiodination method for various types of molecules is described. The approach employs DMSO as precursor solvent, a reaction ratio of 2-5 precursor molecules per iodine atom, 5-10 microg oxidant, and a 10-25 microl reaction volume. The solution is vortexed at room temperature for 1-5 min and progress of the reaction is assessed by HPLC. Radioiodinated products are obtained in > or = 95% yield and meet the requirements for radiotracer imaging, biodistribution studies, and molecular and cellular biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketai Wang
- Department of Radiology, Armenise Building Room D2-137, 200 Longwood Avenue, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - S. James Adelstein
- Department of Radiology, Armenise Building Room D2-137, 200 Longwood Avenue, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Amin I. Kassis
- Department of Radiology, Armenise Building Room D2-137, 200 Longwood Avenue, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Pospisil P, Wang K, Al Aowad AF, Iyer LK, Adelstein SJ, Kassis AI. Computational Modeling and Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Prodrug for Targeting the Extracellular Space of Prostate Tumors. Cancer Res 2007; 67:2197-205. [PMID: 17332350 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We are developing a noninvasive approach for targeting imaging and therapeutic radionuclides to prostate cancer. Our method, Enzyme-Mediated Cancer Imaging and Therapy (EMCIT), aims to use enzyme-dependent, site-specific, in vivo precipitation of a radioactive molecule within the extracellular space of solid tumors. Advanced methods for data mining of the literature, protein databases, and knowledge bases (IT. Omics LSGraph and Ingenuity Systems) identified prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) as an enzyme overexpressed in prostate cancer and secreted in the extracellular space. Using AutoDock 3.0 software, the prodrug ammonium 2-(2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-iodo-4-(3H)-quinazolinone (IQ(2-P)) was docked in silico into the X-ray structure of PAP. The data indicate that IQ(2-P) docked into the PAP active site with a calculated inhibition constant (K(i)) more favorable than that of the PAP inhibitor alpha-benzylaminobenzylphosphonic acid. When (125)IQ(2-P), the radioiodinated form of the water-soluble prodrug, was incubated with PAP, rapid hydrolysis of the compound was observed as exemplified by formation of the water-insoluble 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(125)I]iodo-4-(3H)-quinazolinone ((125)IQ(2-OH)). Similarly, the incubation of IQ(2-P) with human LNCaP, PC-3, and 22Rv1 prostate tumor cells resulted in the formation of large fluorescent IQ(2-OH) crystals. No hydrolysis was seen in the presence of normal human cells. Autoradiography of tumor cells incubated with (125)IQ(2-P) showed accumulation of radioactive grains ((125)IQ(2-OH)) around the cells. We anticipate that the EMCIT approach will enable the active in vivo entrapment of radioimaging and radiotherapeutic compounds within the extracellular spaces of primary prostate tumors and their metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pospisil
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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