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Kumar S, Arora A, Kumar R, Senapati NN, Singh BK. Recent advances in synthesis of sugar and nucleoside coumarin conjugates and their biological impact. Carbohydr Res 2023; 530:108857. [PMID: 37343455 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring coumarin and sugar molecules have a diverse range of applications along with superior biocompatibility. Coumarin, a member of the benzopyrone family, exhibits a wide spectrum of medicinal properties, such as anti-coagulant, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities. The sugar moiety functions as the central scaffold for the synthesis of complex molecules, attributing to their excellent biocompatibility, well-defined stereochemistry, benign nature and outstanding aqueous solubility. When the coumarin moiety is conjugated with the sugar or nucleoside molecule, the resulting conjugates exhibit significant biological properties. Due to the remarkable growth of such bioconjugates in the field of science over the last decade, owing to their future prospect as a potential bioactive core, an update to this area is very much needed. The present review focusses on the synthesis, characterization and the various therapeutic applications of coumarin conjugates, i.e., sugar and nucleoside coumarin conjugates along with their perspective for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11225, USA
| | - Aditi Arora
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, R.D.S College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, 842002, India.
| | | | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Jones Lipinski RA, Thillier Y, Morisseau C, Sebastiano CS, Smith BC, Hall CD, Katritzky AR. Molecular docking-guided synthesis of NSAID-glucosamine bioconjugates and their evaluation as COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors with potentially reduced gastric toxicity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:102-113. [PMID: 33955172 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a powerful class of inhibitors targeting two isoforms of the family of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2). While NSAIDs are widely used in the management of pain, in particular as a treatment for osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis, their long-term use has been associated with numerous on- and off-target effects. As the carboxylic acid moiety present in common NSAIDs is responsible for some of their adverse effects, but is not required for their anti-inflammatory activity, we sought to mask this group through direct coupling to glucosamine, which is thought to prevent cartilage degradation. We report herein the conjugation of commonly prescribed NSAIDs to glucosamine hydrochloride and the use of molecular docking to show that addition of the carbohydrate moiety to the parent NSAID can enhance binding in the active site of COX-2. In a preliminary, in vitro screening assay, the diclofenac-glucosamine bioconjugate exhibited 10-fold greater activity toward COX-2, making it an ideal candidate for future in vivo studies. Furthermore, in an intriguing result, we observed that the mefenamic acid-glucosamine bioconjugate displayed enhanced activity toward COX-1 rather than COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Jones Lipinski
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yann Thillier
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Sebastiano
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - C Dennis Hall
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Adbulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Khuong Mai D, Kang B, Pegarro Vales T, Badon IW, Cho S, Lee J, Kim E, Kim HJ. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Tumor-Targeted Water-Soluble BODIPY Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153340. [PMID: 32717858 PMCID: PMC7435441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of three water-soluble lactose-modified 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based photosensitizers with tumor-targeting capabilities is reported, including an investigation into their photodynamic therapeutic activity on three distinct cancer cell lines (human hepatoma Huh7, cervical cancer HeLa, and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines). The halogenated BODIPY dyes exhibited a decreased fluorescence quantum yield compared to their non-halogenated counterpart, and facilitated the efficient generation of singlet oxygen species. The synthesized dyes exhibited low cytotoxicities in the dark and high photodynamic therapeutic capabilities against the treated cancer cell lines following irradiation at 530 nm. Moreover, the incorporation of lactose moieties led to an enhanced cellular uptake of the BODIPY dyes. Collectively, the results presented herein provide promising insights for the development of photodynamic therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Khuong Mai
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (D.K.M.); (T.P.V.); (I.W.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Byungman Kang
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Korea;
| | - Temmy Pegarro Vales
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (D.K.M.); (T.P.V.); (I.W.B.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines
| | - Isabel Wen Badon
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (D.K.M.); (T.P.V.); (I.W.B.)
| | - Sung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.L.); (E.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Joomin Lee
- College of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.L.); (E.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.L.); (E.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (D.K.M.); (T.P.V.); (I.W.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.L.); (E.K.); (H.-J.K.)
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Kumari S, Halder S, Aggrawal R, Sundar G, Saha SK. Effect of gemini surfactants on binding interactions of Coumarin 485 with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid in presence of nanotubes of β-cyclodextrin. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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YILMAZ F. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Coumarin Hydrazides. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.390928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zhu T, Xiong J, Xue Z, Su Y, Sun F, Chai R, Xu J, Feng Y, Meng S. A novel amphiphilic fluorescent probe BODIPY–O-CMC–cRGD as a biomarker and nanoparticle vector. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20087-20094. [PMID: 35541689 PMCID: PMC9080774 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes have been demonstrated to be promising candidates as biomarkers and biological carriers. Our study focuses on the development of a novel amphiphilic fluorescent probe with good photostability, high water solubility, excellent specificity and promising loading capability for tumor diagnosis and treatment. At first, BODIPY dye and O-carboxymethyl chitosan were prepared via a chemical reaction. Then, the prepared BODIPY dye and cRGD were bonded to O-carboxymethyl chitosan successively via an acylation reaction. Finally, we obtained the desired amphiphilic fluorescent probe: BODIPY–O-CMC–cRGD, which was based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) principle for selective visualization of tumors in vitro. Through a series of experiments, we found that this fluorescent probe possessed better fluorescence characteristics and tumor targeting properties. Simultaneously, by self-assembly, the amphiphilic probe encapsulated the other flexible structure of BODIPY2 and the rigid structure of porphyrin, which formed distinct nanoparticles with different particle sizes. Hence, we could observe different phagocytosis processes of the two nanoparticles in the tumor cells via the fluorescence of dyes by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Therefore, the results suggest that the fluorescent probe has advantages in tumor detection, and the constructed tumor-specific nanoparticles show high clinical potential to be utilized not only in visual and precise diagnosis but also in excellent drug delivery for tumor treatment. Henceforth, we will prepare new targeted and visualized pharmaceuticals by replacing BODIPY2 and porphyrin with antineoplastic drugs for future tumor treatment. The amphipathic fluorescence probe, BODIPY–O-CMC–cRGD, can be applied in visualized diagnoses and as drug delivery vehicles of visualized therapies in the future.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Ji Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongbo Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Su
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Fengnan Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Ran Chai
- Hebei University of Technology
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics Institute of Biophysics
- P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Yaqing Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
- Tianjin Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
| | - Shuxian Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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Yılmaz F, Menteşe E. Synthesis and Characterisation of Some Coumarin-1,2,4-Triazol-3-Thioether Hybrid Molecules. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x14815427219040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new series of N′-{[(4-methyl/phenyl-5-phenyl-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]acetyl}-2-oxo-2 H-chromene-3-carbohydrazides was synthesised via the reaction of 2-[(4-methyl/phenyl-5-phenyl-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]acetohydrazides and 3-(1 H-benzotriazol-1-ylcarbonyl)-2 H-chromen-2-ones in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University 53100-Rize, Turkey
| | - Emre Menteşe
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University 53100-Rize, Turkey
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Liu BQ, Chen YT, Chen YW, Chung KY, Tsai YH, Li YJ, Chao CM, Liu KM, Tseng HW, Chou PT. Ethylene glycol modified 2-(2′-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles at the amino site: the excited-state N-H proton transfer reactions in aqueous solution, micelles and potential application in live-cell imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/4/1/014004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kahveci B, Yılmaz F, Menteşe E, Ülker S. Microwave-assisted synthesis of some new coumarin derivatives including 1,2,4-triazol-3-one and investigation of their biological activities. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-015-1714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chandrasekaran S, Sameena Y, Enoch IV. Tuning the binding of coumarin 6 with DNA by molecular encapsulators: effect of β-cyclodextrin and C-hexylpyrogallol[4]arene. J Mol Recognit 2015; 27:640-52. [PMID: 25277088 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report in this paper that the binding of coumarin 6 (C6) to DNA can be tuned by complexing it with host structures, viz. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and C-hexylpyrogallol-4-arene (C-HPA). Because host molecules are used as carriers of small molecules onto target sites, the exposed part of the guest molecule needs to be found out, and the relationship between the host : guest ratio and the mode of binding with the target macromolecule, that is, the DNA needs to be analyzed, in order to comprehend the preferred binding moiety and tune the binding. In this paper, the formation of the inclusion complex of C6 with β-CD and with C-HPA is studied by UV-visible, fluorescence, 2D rotating-frame nuclear Overhauser effect correlation spectroscopy and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and molecular modeling. C6 forms a 1:1 complex with β-CD and a 1:2 complex with C-HPA. The studies on the protonation of C6 in the presence and the absence of the host molecules suggest that the chromone part of C6 is outside the β-CD molecule, whereas it is fully covered by C-HPA. The binding of C6 with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) occurs through intercalation and hydrogen bonding, and the host-guest structures remain intact on binding with ctDNA. The oxygens of the C6 molecules are exposed when inside the host molecules and aid in the hydrogen bonding with DNA.
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Häußler D, Gütschow M. Synthesis of a Fluorescent-Labeled Bisbenzamidine Containing the Central (6,7-Dimethoxy-4-coumaryl)Alanine Building Block. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Häußler
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; D-53121 Bonn Germany
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12
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Mertens MD, Schmitz J, Horn M, Furtmann N, Bajorath J, Mareš M, Gütschow M. A coumarin-labeled vinyl sulfone as tripeptidomimetic activity-based probe for cysteine cathepsins. Chembiochem 2014; 15:955-9. [PMID: 24648212 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A coumarin-tetrahydroquinoline hydride 8 was synthesized as a chemical tool for fluorescent labeling. The rigidified tricyclic coumarin structure was chosen for its suitable fluorescence properties. The connection of 8 with a vinyl sulfone building block was accomplished by convergent synthesis thereby leading to the coumarin-based, tripeptidomimetic activity-based probe 10, containing a Gly-Phe-Gly motif. Probe 10 was evaluated as inactivator of the therapeutically relevant human cysteine cathepsins S, L, K, and B: it showed particularly strong inactivation of cathepsin S. The detection of recombinant and native cathepsin S was demonstrated by applying 10 to in-gel fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D Mertens
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
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Host–guest association of coumarin 343 with β-cyclodextrin and C-hexylpyrogallol[4]arene: opposite fluorescent behavior and prototropic characteristics. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-014-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Taylor JE, Williams JM, Bull SD. N-Acyl 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) tetraphenylborate salts as O-acylating agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Regioselective pivaloylation of N-phthaloylchitosan: a promising soluble intermediate for chitosan chemistry. Carbohydr Res 2012; 351:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Katritzky AR, Rachwal S. Synthesis of heterocycles mediated by benzotriazole. 2. Bicyclic systems. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7063-120. [PMID: 21894899 DOI: 10.1021/cr200031r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611-7200, United States.
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Romieu A, Bruckdorfer T, Clavé G, Grandclaude V, Massif C, Renard PY. N-Fmoc-α-sulfo-β-alanine: a versatile building block for the water solubilisation of chromophores and fluorophores by solid-phase strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5337-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05730h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Labeling of nucleosides with fluorescent 6-chloro-2,3-napthalimide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5326-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Katritzky AR, Ozcan S, Todadze E. Synthesis and fluorescence of the new environment-sensitive fluorophore 6-chloro-2,3-naphthalimide derivative. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1296-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c000684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Niu SL, Ulrich G, Ziessel R, Kiss A, Renard PY, Romieu A. Water-soluble BODIPY derivatives. Org Lett 2009; 11:2049-52. [PMID: 19379006 DOI: 10.1021/ol900302n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New, water-soluble BODIPY dyes have been readily obtained from various BODIPY cores by reactions involving the introduction of novel sulfonated peptide chains by either coupling or substitution to give dimethylpropargylamine derivatives subsequently quaternized by reaction with propanesultone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin Niu
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées (LCOSA), CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Ecole de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux de Strasbourg (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France
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Katritzky AR, Yoshioka M, Narindoshvili T, Chung A, Johnson JV. Fluorescent labeling of peptides on solid phase. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4582-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b811693h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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