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Macromolecular conformational changes in photosystem II: interaction between structure and function. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:871-886. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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2
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Shukshina AK, Terentyev VV. Involvement of Carbonic Anhydrase CAH3 in the Structural and Functional Stabilization of the Water-Oxidizing Complex of Photosystem II from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:867-877. [PMID: 34284710 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921070075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of carbonic anhydrases (CA) and CA activity in the functioning of photosystem II (PSII) has been studied for a long time and has been shown in many works. However, so far only for CAH3 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii there is evidence for its association with the donor side of PSII, where the CA activity of CAH3 can influence the functioning of the water-oxidizing complex (WOC). Our results suggest that CAH3 is also involved in the organization of the native structure of WOC independently of its CA activity. It was shown that in PSII preparations from wild type (WT) the high O2-evolving activity of WOC was observed up to 100 mM NaCl in the medium and practically did not decrease with increasing incubation time with NaCl. At the same time, the WOC function in PSII preparations from CAH3-deficient mutant cia3 is significantly inhibited already at NaCl concentrations above 35 mM, reaching 50% at 100 mM NaCl and increased incubation time. It is suggested that the absence of CAH3 in PSII from cia3 causes disruption of the native structure of WOC, allowing more pronounced conformational changes of its proteins and, consequently, suppression of the WOC active center function, when the ionic strength of the medium is increased. The results of Western blot analysis indicate a more difficult removal of PsbP protein from PSII of cia3 at higher NaCl concentrations, apparently due to the changes in the intermolecular interactions between proteins of WOC in the absence of CAH3. At the same time, the values of the maximum quantum yield of PSII did not practically differ between preparations from WT and cia3, indicating no effect of CAH3 on the photoinduced electron transfer in the reaction center of PSII. The obtained results indicate the involvement of the CAH3 protein in the native organization of the WOC and, as a consequence, in the stabilization of its functional state in PSII from C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Shukshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Vasily V Terentyev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Photosystem II Extrinsic Proteins and Their Putative Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Higher Plants. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040100. [PMID: 30441780 PMCID: PMC6313935 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress remains one of the major challenges in managing and preventing crop loss. Photosystem II (PSII), being the most susceptible component of the photosynthetic machinery, has been studied in great detail over many years. However, much of the emphasis has been placed on intrinsic proteins, particularly with respect to their involvement in the repair of PSII-associated damage. PSII extrinsic proteins include PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ, and PsbR in higher plants, and these are required for oxygen evolution under physiological conditions. Changes in extrinsic protein expression have been reported to either drastically change PSII efficiency or change the PSII repair system. This review discusses the functional role of these proteins in plants and indicates potential areas of further study concerning these proteins.
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Zhang M, Bommer M, Chatterjee R, Hussein R, Yano J, Dau H, Kern J, Dobbek H, Zouni A. Structural insights into the light-driven auto-assembly process of the water-oxidizing Mn 4CaO 5-cluster in photosystem II. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28718766 PMCID: PMC5542773 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the light-driven splitting of water at a protein-bound Mn4CaO5-cluster, the water-oxidizing complex (WOC). In the photosynthetic organisms, the light-driven formation of the WOC from dissolved metal ions is a key process because it is essential in both initial activation and continuous repair of PSII. Structural information is required for understanding of this chaperone-free metal-cluster assembly. For the first time, we obtained a structure of PSII from Thermosynechococcus elongatus without the Mn4CaO5-cluster. Surprisingly, cluster-removal leaves the positions of all coordinating amino acid residues and most nearby water molecules largely unaffected, resulting in a pre-organized ligand shell for kinetically competent and error-free photo-assembly of the Mn4CaO5-cluster. First experiments initiating (i) partial disassembly and (ii) partial re-assembly after complete depletion of the Mn4CaO5-cluster agree with a specific bi-manganese cluster, likely a di-µ-oxo bridged pair of Mn(III) ions, as an assembly intermediate. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26933.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Bommer
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | - Rana Hussein
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | - Holger Dau
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | - Holger Dobbek
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Athina Zouni
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gururani MA, Venkatesh J, Tran LSP. Regulation of Photosynthesis during Abiotic Stress-Induced Photoinhibition. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1304-20. [PMID: 25997389 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants as sessile organisms are continuously exposed to abiotic stress conditions that impose numerous detrimental effects and cause tremendous loss of yield. Abiotic stresses, including high sunlight, confer serious damage on the photosynthetic machinery of plants. Photosystem II (PSII) is one of the most susceptible components of the photosynthetic machinery that bears the brunt of abiotic stress. In addition to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by abiotic stress, ROS can also result from the absorption of excessive sunlight by the light-harvesting complex. ROS can damage the photosynthetic apparatus, particularly PSII, resulting in photoinhibition due to an imbalance in the photosynthetic redox signaling pathways and the inhibition of PSII repair. Designing plants with improved abiotic stress tolerance will require a comprehensive understanding of ROS signaling and the regulatory functions of various components, including protein kinases, transcription factors, and phytohormones, in the responses of photosynthetic machinery to abiotic stress. Bioenergetics approaches, such as chlorophyll a transient kinetics analysis, have facilitated our understanding of plant vitality and the assessment of PSII efficiency under adverse environmental conditions. This review discusses the current understanding and indicates potential areas of further studies on the regulation of the photosynthetic machinery under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Lam Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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Duchoslav M, Fischer L. Parallel subfunctionalisation of PsbO protein isoforms in angiosperms revealed by phylogenetic analysis and mapping of sequence variability onto protein structure. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:133. [PMID: 26051374 PMCID: PMC4459440 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PsbO, the manganese-stabilising protein, is an indispensable extrinsic subunit of photosystem II. It plays a crucial role in the stabilisation of the water-splitting Mn4CaO5 cluster, which catalyses the oxidation of water to molecular oxygen by using light energy. PsbO was also demonstrated to have a weak GTPase activity that could be involved in regulation of D1 protein turnover. Our analysis of psbO sequences showed that many angiosperm species express two psbO paralogs, but the pairs of isoforms in one species were not orthologous to pairs of isoforms in distant species. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis of 91 psbO sequences from 49 land plant species revealed that psbO duplication occurred many times independently, generally at the roots of modern angiosperm families. In spite of this, the level of isoform divergence was similar in different species. Moreover, mapping of the differences on the protein tertiary structure showed that the isoforms in individual species differ from each other on similar positions, mostly on the luminally exposed end of the β-barrel structure. Comparison of these differences with the location of differences between PsbOs from diverse angiosperm families indicated various selection pressures in PsbO evolution and potential interaction surfaces on the PsbO structure. CONCLUSIONS The analyses suggest that similar subfunctionalisation of PsbO isoforms occurred parallelly in various lineages. We speculate that the presence of two PsbO isoforms helps the plants to finely adjust the photosynthetic apparatus in response to variable conditions. This might be mediated by diverse GTPase activity, since the isoform differences predominate near the predicted GTP-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Duchoslav
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5,, 128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Fischer
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5,, 128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
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Lv X, Yu Y, Zhou M, Hu C, Gao F, Li J, Liu X, Deng K, Zheng P, Gong W, Xia A, Wang J. Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer in green fluorescent protein bearing a genetically encoded electron acceptor. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7270-3. [PMID: 26020364 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) is widely used for driving the processes that underlie the chemistry of life. However, our abilities to probe electron transfer mechanisms in proteins and design redox enzymes are limited, due to the lack of methods to site-specifically insert electron acceptors into proteins in vivo. Here we describe the synthesis and genetic incorporation of 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenylalanine (FNO2Phe), which has similar reduction potentials to NAD(P)H and ferredoxin, the most important biological reductants. Through the genetic incorporation of FNO2Phe into green fluorescent protein (GFP) and femtosecond transient absorption measurement, we show that photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the GFP chromophore to FNO2Phe occurs very fast (within 11 ps), which is comparable to that of the first electron transfer step in photosystem I, from P700* to A0. This genetically encoded, low-reduction potential unnatural amino acid (UAA) can significantly improve our ability to investigate electron transfer mechanisms in complex reductases and facilitate the design of miniature proteins that mimic their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Lv
- †Laboratory of RNA Biology and Laboratory of Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Yu
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- ‡Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- †Laboratory of RNA Biology and Laboratory of Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feng Gao
- †Laboratory of RNA Biology and Laboratory of Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiasong Li
- †Laboratory of RNA Biology and Laboratory of Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- †Laboratory of RNA Biology and Laboratory of Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kai Deng
- †Laboratory of RNA Biology and Laboratory of Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- †Laboratory of RNA Biology and Laboratory of Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weimin Gong
- †Laboratory of RNA Biology and Laboratory of Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Andong Xia
- ‡Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- †Laboratory of RNA Biology and Laboratory of Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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Jackson SA, Eaton-Rye JJ. Characterization of a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 double mutant lacking the CyanoP and Ycf48 proteins of Photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 124:217-29. [PMID: 25800516 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Homologs of the Photosystem II (PS II) subunit PsbP are found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In higher plants, PsbP is associated with mature PS II centers, but in cyanobacteria, the homologous CyanoP protein appears sub-stoichiometric to PS II. We have investigated the role of CyanoP by characterizing knockout mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Removal of CyanoP resulted in changes to phycobilisome coupling and energy transfer to PS II, but the function of PS II itself remained similar to wild type. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that CyanoP is involved in the biogenesis or repair of PS II by creating a double mutant lacking both CyanoP and the PS II assembly factor Ycf48. This strain exhibited an additive reduction in the amplitude of variable chlorophyll a fluorescence induction relative to either of the single mutants but displayed increased oxygen evolution, slight increases in PS II monomer and dimer levels, and a reduction in accumulation of an early PS II assembly complex containing CP47, compared to the ΔYcf48 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
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Hasni I, Yaakoubi H, Hamdani S, Tajmir-Riahi HA, Carpentier R. Mechanism of interaction of Al3+ with the proteins composition of photosystem II. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120876. [PMID: 25806795 PMCID: PMC4373732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of Al3+on photosystem II (PSII) electron transport was investigated using several biophysical and biochemical techniques such as oxygen evolution, chlorophyll fluorescence induction and emission, SDS-polyacrylamide and native green gel electrophoresis, and FTIR spectroscopy. In order to understand the mechanism of its inhibitory action, we have analyzed the interaction of this toxic cation with proteins subunits of PSII submembrane fractions isolated from spinach. Our results show that Al 3+, especially above 3 mM, strongly inhibits oxygen evolution and affects the advancement of the S states of the Mn4O5Ca cluster. This inhibition was due to the release of the extrinsic polypeptides and the disorganization of the Mn4O5Ca cluster associated with the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of PSII. This fact was accompanied by a significant decline of maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) together with a strong damping of the chlorophyll a fluorescence induction. The energy transfer from light harvesting antenna to reaction centers of PSII was impaired following the alteration of the light harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII). The latter result was revealed by the drop of chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra at low temperature (77 K), increase of F0 and confirmed by the native green gel electrophoresis. FTIR measurements indicated that the interaction of Al 3+ with the intrinsic and extrinsic polypeptides of PSII induces major alterations of the protein secondary structure leading to conformational changes. This was reflected by a major reduction of α-helix with an increase of β-sheet and random coil structures in Al 3+-PSII complexes. These structural changes are closely related with the functional alteration of PSII activity revealed by the inhibition of the electron transport chain of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Hasni
- Research Group in Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hnia Yaakoubi
- Research Group in Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saber Hamdani
- Plant Systems Biology Group, Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Heidar-Ali Tajmir-Riahi
- Research Group in Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Carpentier
- Research Group in Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
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Haniewicz P, Floris D, Farci D, Kirkpatrick J, Loi MC, Büchel C, Bochtler M, Piano D. Isolation of Plant Photosystem II Complexes by Fractional Solubilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 26697050 DOI: 10.3389/fols.2015.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) occurs in different forms and supercomplexes in thylakoid membranes. Using a transplastomic strain of Nicotiana tabacum histidine tagged on the subunit PsbE, we have previously shown that a mild extraction protocol with β-dodecylmaltoside enriches PSII characteristic of lamellae and grana margins. Here, we characterize residual granal PSII that is not extracted by this first solubilization step. Using affinity purification, we demonstrate that this PSII fraction consists of PSII-LHCII mega- and supercomplexes, PSII dimers, and PSII monomers, which were separated by gel filtration and functionally characterized. Our findings represent an alternative demonstration of different PSII populations in thylakoid membranes, and they make it possible to prepare PSII-LHCII supercomplexes in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Haniewicz
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland
| | - Davide Floris
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Domenica Farci
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria C Loi
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Physiology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland ; Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dario Piano
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland ; Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
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Haniewicz P, Floris D, Farci D, Kirkpatrick J, Loi MC, Büchel C, Bochtler M, Piano D. Isolation of Plant Photosystem II Complexes by Fractional Solubilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1100. [PMID: 26697050 PMCID: PMC4674563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) occurs in different forms and supercomplexes in thylakoid membranes. Using a transplastomic strain of Nicotiana tabacum histidine tagged on the subunit PsbE, we have previously shown that a mild extraction protocol with β-dodecylmaltoside enriches PSII characteristic of lamellae and grana margins. Here, we characterize residual granal PSII that is not extracted by this first solubilization step. Using affinity purification, we demonstrate that this PSII fraction consists of PSII-LHCII mega- and supercomplexes, PSII dimers, and PSII monomers, which were separated by gel filtration and functionally characterized. Our findings represent an alternative demonstration of different PSII populations in thylakoid membranes, and they make it possible to prepare PSII-LHCII supercomplexes in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Haniewicz
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Davide Floris
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Domenica Farci
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria C. Loi
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Physiology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University FrankfurtFrankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsaw, Poland
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsWarsaw, Poland
| | - Dario Piano
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Dario Piano,
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Saito A, Shimizu M, Nakamura H, Maeno S, Katase R, Miwa E, Higuchi K, Sonoike K. Fe deficiency induces phosphorylation and translocation of Lhcb1 in barley thylakoid membranes. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2042-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Bricker TM, Roose JL, Zhang P, Frankel LK. The PsbP family of proteins. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:235-50. [PMID: 23564479 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The PsbP family of proteins consists of 11 evolutionarily related thylakoid lumenal components. These include the archetypal PsbP protein, which is an extrinsic subunit of eukaryotic photosystem II, three PsbP-like proteins (CyanoP of the prokaryotic cyanobacteria and green oxyphotobacteria, and the PPL1 and PPL2 proteins found in many eukaryotes), and seven PsbP-domain (PPD) proteins (PPD1-PPD7, most of which are found in the green plant lineage). All of these possess significant sequence and structural homologies while having very diverse functions. While the PsbP protein has been extensively studied and plays a functional role in the optimization of photosynthetic oxygen evolution at physiological calcium and chloride concentrations, the molecular functions of the other family members are poorly understood. Recent investigations have begun to illuminate the roles that these proteins play in membrane protein complex assembly/stability, hormone biosynthesis, and other metabolic processes. In this review we have examined this functional information within the context of recent advances examining the structure of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry M Bricker
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA,
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Brassinosteroids regulate the thylakoid membrane architecture and the photosystem II function. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 126:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Busheva M, Tzonova I, Stoitchkova K, Andreeva A. Heat-induced reorganization of the structure of photosystem II membranes: Role of oxygen evolving complex. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 117:214-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Rumak I, Mazur R, Gieczewska K, Kozioł-Lipińska J, Kierdaszuk B, Michalski WP, Shiell BJ, Venema JH, Vredenberg WJ, Mostowska A, Garstka M. Correlation between spatial (3D) structure of pea and bean thylakoid membranes and arrangement of chlorophyll-protein complexes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:72. [PMID: 22631450 PMCID: PMC3499227 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thylakoid system in plant chloroplasts is organized into two distinct domains: grana arranged in stacks of appressed membranes and non-appressed membranes consisting of stroma thylakoids and margins of granal stacks. It is argued that the reason for the development of appressed membranes in plants is that their photosynthetic apparatus need to cope with and survive ever-changing environmental conditions. It is not known however, why different plant species have different arrangements of grana within their chloroplasts. It is important to elucidate whether a different arrangement and distribution of appressed and non-appressed thylakoids in chloroplasts are linked with different qualitative and/or quantitative organization of chlorophyll-protein (CP) complexes in the thylakoid membranes and whether this arrangement influences the photosynthetic efficiency. RESULTS Our results from TEM and in situ CLSM strongly indicate the existence of different arrangements of pea and bean thylakoid membranes. In pea, larger appressed thylakoids are regularly arranged within chloroplasts as uniformly distributed red fluorescent bodies, while irregular appressed thylakoid membranes within bean chloroplasts correspond to smaller and less distinguished fluorescent areas in CLSM images. 3D models of pea chloroplasts show a distinct spatial separation of stacked thylakoids from stromal spaces whereas spatial division of stroma and thylakoid areas in bean chloroplasts are more complex. Structural differences influenced the PSII photochemistry, however without significant changes in photosynthetic efficiency. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of chlorophyll-protein complexes as well as spectroscopic investigations indicated a similar proportion between PSI and PSII core complexes in pea and bean thylakoids, but higher abundance of LHCII antenna in pea ones. Furthermore, distinct differences in size and arrangements of LHCII-PSII and LHCI-PSI supercomplexes between species are suggested. CONCLUSIONS Based on proteomic and spectroscopic investigations we postulate that the differences in the chloroplast structure between the analyzed species are a consequence of quantitative proportions between the individual CP complexes and its arrangement inside membranes. Such a structure of membranes induced the formation of large stacked domains in pea, or smaller heterogeneous regions in bean thylakoids. Presented 3D models of chloroplasts showed that stacked areas are noticeably irregular with variable thickness, merging with each other and not always parallel to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Rumak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozioł-Lipińska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Borys Kierdaszuk
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, Warsaw, PL-02-089, Poland
| | - Wojtek P Michalski
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, 5 Portarlington Road Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Brian J Shiell
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, 5 Portarlington Road Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Jan Henk Venema
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Vredenberg
- Department of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
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17
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Nagy G, Pieper J, Krumova SB, Kovács L, Trapp M, Garab G, Peters J. Dynamic properties of photosystem II membranes at physiological temperatures characterized by elastic incoherent neutron scattering. Increased flexibility associated with the inactivation of the oxygen evolving complex. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 111:113-24. [PMID: 22052408 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS), a non-invasive technique which is capable of measuring the mean square displacement of atoms in the sample, has been widely used in biology for exploring the dynamics of proteins and lipid membranes but studies on photosynthetic systems are scarce. In this study we investigated the dynamic characteristics of Photosystem II (PSII) membrane fragments between 280 and 340 K, i.e., in the physiological temperature range and in the range of thermal denaturation of some of the protein complexes. The mean square displacement values revealed the presence of a hydration-sensitive transition in the sample between 310 and 320 K, suggesting that the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) plays an important role in the transition. Indeed, in samples in which the OEC had been removed by TRIS- or heat-treatments (323 and 333 K) no such transition was found. Further support on the main role of OEC in these reorganizations is provided by data obtained from differential scanning calorimetry experiments, showing marked differences between the untreated and TRIS-treated samples. In contrast, circular dichroism spectra exhibited only minor changes in the excitonic interactions below 323 K, showing that the molecular organization of the pigment-protein complexes remains essentially unaffected. Our data, along with earlier incoherent neutron scattering data on PSII membranes at cryogenic temperatures (Pieper et al., Biochemistry 46:11398-11409, 2007), demonstrate that this technique can be applied to characterize the dynamic features of PSII membranes, and can be used to investigate photosynthetic membranes under physiologically relevant experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Nagy
- Institut Laue-Langevin, P.O. Box 156, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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18
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Hussain MI, Reigosa MJ. Allelochemical stress inhibits growth, leaf water relations, PSII photochemistry, non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, and heat energy dissipation in three C3 perennial species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:4533-45. [PMID: 21659663 PMCID: PMC3170549 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of two allelochemicals, benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) and cinnamic acid (CA), on different physiological and morphological characteristics of 1-month-old C(3) plant species (Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Rumex acetosa) was analysed. BOA inhibited the shoot length of D. glomerata, L. perenne, and R. acetosa by 49%, 19%, and 19% of the control. The root length of D. glomerata, L. perenne, and R. acetosa growing in the presence of 1.5 mM BOA and CA was decreased compared with the control. Both allelochemicals (BOA, CA) inhibited leaf osmotic potential (LOP) in L. perenne and D. glomerata. In L. perenne, F(v)/F(m) decreased after treatment with BOA (1.5 mM) while CA (1.5 mM) also significantly reduced F(v)/F(m) in L. perenne. Both allelochemicals decreased ΦPSII in D. glomerata and L. perenne within 24 h of treatment, while in R. acetosa, ΦPSII levels decreased by 72 h following treatment with BOA and CA. There was a decrease in qP and NPQ on the first, fourth, fifth, and sixth days after treatment with BOA in D. glomerata, while both allelochemicals reduced the qP level in R. acetosa. There was a gradual decrease in the fraction of light absorbed by PSII allocated to PSII photochemistry (P) in R. acetosa treated with BOA and CA. The P values in D. glomerata were reduced by both allelochemicals and the portion of absorbed photon energy that was thermally dissipated (D) in D. glomerata and L. perenne was decreased by BOA and CA. Photon energy absorbed by PSII antennae and trapped by 'closed' PSII reaction centres (E) was decreased after CA exposure in D. glomerata. BOA and CA (1.5 mM concentration) decreased the leaf protein contents in all three perennial species. This study provides new understanding of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of action of BOA and CA in one perennial dicotyledon and two perennial grasses. The acquisition of such knowledge may ultimately provide a rational and scientific basis for the design of safe and effective herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo, España.
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19
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The extrinsic proteins of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:121-42. [PMID: 21801710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we examine the structure and function of the extrinsic proteins of Photosystem II. These proteins include PsbO, present in all oxygenic organisms, the PsbP and PsbQ proteins, which are found in higher plants and eukaryotic algae, and the PsbU, PsbV, CyanoQ, and CyanoP proteins, which are found in the cyanobacteria. These proteins serve to optimize oxygen evolution at physiological calcium and chloride concentrations. They also shield the Mn(4)CaO(5) cluster from exogenous reductants. Numerous biochemical, genetic and structural studies have been used to probe the structure and function of these proteins within the photosystem. We will discuss the most recent proposed functional roles for these components, their structures (as deduced from biochemical and X-ray crystallographic studies) and the locations of their proposed binding domains within the Photosystem II complex. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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20
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Popelkova H, Yocum CF. PsbO, the manganese-stabilizing protein: Analysis of the structure–function relations that provide insights into its role in photosystem II. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:179-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Ifuku K, Ido K, Sato F. Molecular functions of PsbP and PsbQ proteins in the photosystem II supercomplex. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:158-64. [PMID: 21376623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The PsbP and PsbQ proteins are extrinsic subunits of the photosystem II (PSII) supercomplex, which are found in green plants including higher plants and green algae. These proteins are thought to have evolved from their cyanobacterial homologs; cyanoP and cyanoQ respectively. It has been suggested that the functions of PsbP and PsbQ have largely changed from those of cyanoP and cyanoQ. In addition, multiple isoforms and homologs of PsbP and PsbQ were found in green plants, indicating that the acquisition of PsbP and PsbQ in PSII is not a direct path but a result of intensive functional divergence during evolution from cyanobacterial endosymbiont to chloroplast. In this review, we highlight newly introduced topics related to the functions and structures of both PsbP and PsbQ proteins. The present data suggest that PsbP together with PsbQ have specific and important roles in coordinating the activity of the donor and acceptor sides of PSII and stabilizing the active form of the PSII-light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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22
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Bricker TM, Frankel LK. Auxiliary functions of the PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ proteins of higher plant Photosystem II: a critical analysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:165-78. [PMID: 21353792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies over the last 25 years have established that the extrinsic PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ proteins of Photosystem II play critically important roles in maintaining optimal manganese, calcium and chloride concentrations at the active site of Photosystem II. Chemical or genetic removal of these components induces multiple and profound defects in Photosystem II function and oxygen-evolving complex stability. Recently, a number of studies have indicated possible additional roles for these proteins within the photosystem. These include putative enzymatic activities, regulation of reaction center protein turnover, modulation of thylakoid membrane architecture, the mediation of PS II assembly/stability, and effects on the reducing side of the photosystem. In this review we will critically examine the findings which support these auxiliary functions and suggest additional lines of investigations which could clarify the nature of the functional interactions of these proteins with the photosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry M Bricker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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23
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Fagerlund RD, Eaton-Rye JJ. The lipoproteins of cyanobacterial photosystem II. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:191-203. [PMID: 21349737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) complexes from cyanobacteria and plants perform water splitting and plastoquinone reduction and yet have a different complement of lumenal extrinsic proteins. Whereas PSII from all organisms has the PsbO extrinsic protein, crystal structures of PSII from cyanobacteria have PsbV and PsbU while green algae and higher plants instead contain the extrinsic PsbP and PsbQ subunits. Proteomic studies in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 identified three further extrinsic proteins in the thylakoid lumen that are associated with cyanobacterial PSII and these are predicted to attach to the thylakoid membrane via a lipidated N-terminus. These proteins are cyanobacterial homologues to the PsbP and PsbQ subunits as well as to Psb27, an additional extrinsic protein associated with "inactive" photosystems that lack the other extrinsic polypeptides. The PsbQ homologue is not present in Prochlorococcus species but otherwise these proteins have been identified in most cyanobacteria although our phylogenetic analyses identified some strains that lack an apparent motif for lipidation in one or other of these subunits. Over the past decade the physiological function of these additional lipoproteins has been investigated in several cyanobacterial strains and recently the structures for each have been solved. This review will evaluate the physiological and structural results obtained for these lipid-attached extrinsic proteins and in silico protein docking of these proteins to PSII centers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Fagerlund
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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24
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Mehta P, Allakhverdiev SI, Jajoo A. Characterization of photosystem II heterogeneity in response to high salt stress in wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 105:249-55. [PMID: 20730564 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of high salt stress on PS II heterogeneity was investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. On the basis of antenna size, PS II has been classified into three forms, i.e., α, β, and γ centers while on the basis of electron transport properties of the reducing side of the reaction centers, two distinct forms of PS II have been suggested, i.e., Q(B) reducing centers and Q(B) non-reducing centers. The chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence transients, which can quantify PS II behavior, were recorded using PEA to derive OJIP in vivo with high time resolution and further analyzed according to JIP test. Our results showed that with an increase in the salt concentration during growth, the number of Q(B) non-reducing centers increased. In antenna size heterogeneity the number of β and γ centers increased while the number of α centers decreased. A change in the energetic connectivity between the PS II units was also observed. Recovery studies showed that antenna heterogeneity was completely recovered from damage at 0.5 M NaCl concentration and partially recovered at 1 M NaCl concentration while reducing side heterogeneity showed no recovery at all after 0.5 M onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mehta
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, MP, India
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25
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Roose JL, Frankel LK, Bricker TM. Documentation of Significant Electron Transport Defects on the Reducing Side of Photosystem II upon Removal of the PsbP and PsbQ Extrinsic Proteins. Biochemistry 2009; 49:36-41. [DOI: 10.1021/bi9017818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnna L. Roose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Laurie K. Frankel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Terry M. Bricker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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26
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Characterization and complementation of a psbR mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 489:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Kim EH, Li XP, Razeghifard R, Anderson JM, Niyogi KK, Pogson BJ, Chow WS. The multiple roles of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes define structure and optimize function of Arabidopsis chloroplasts: A study using two chlorophyll b-less mutants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:973-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Ido K, Ifuku K, Yamamoto Y, Ishihara S, Murakami A, Takabe K, Miyake C, Sato F. Knockdown of the PsbP protein does not prevent assembly of the dimeric PSII core complex but impairs accumulation of photosystem II supercomplexes in tobacco. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2009; 1787:873-81. [PMID: 19285950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The PsbP protein is an extrinsic subunit of photosystem II (PSII) specifically found in land plants and green algae. Using PsbP-RNAi tobacco, we have investigated effects of PsbP knockdown on protein supercomplex organization within the thylakoid membranes and photosynthetic properties of PSII. In PsbP-RNAi leaves, PSII dimers binding the extrinsic PsbO protein could be formed, while the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII)-PSII supercomplexes were severely decreased. Furthermore, LHCII and major PSII subunits were significantly dephosphorylated. Electron microscopic analysis showed that thylakoid grana stacking in PsbP-RNAi chloroplast was largely disordered and appeared similar to the stromally-exposed or marginal regions of wild-type thylakoids. Knockdown of PsbP modified both the donor and acceptor sides of PSII; In addition to the lower water-splitting activity, the primary quinone Q(A) in PSII was significantly reduced even when the photosystem I reaction center (P700) was noticeably oxidized, and thermoluminescence studies suggested the stabilization of the charged pair, S(2)/Q(A)(-). These data indicate that assembly and/or maintenance of the functional MnCa cluster is perturbed in absence of PsbP, which impairs accumulation of final active forms of PSII supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Ido
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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29
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Mehta P, Jajoo A, Mathur S, Allakhverdiev SI, Bharti S. High salt stress in coupled and uncoupled thylakoid membranes: A comparative study. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:620-4. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909060054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Lundin B, Nurmi M, Rojas-Stuetz M, Aro EM, Adamska I, Spetea C. Towards understanding the functional difference between the two PsbO isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana--insights from phenotypic analyses of psbo knockout mutants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 98:405-14. [PMID: 18709442 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The extrinsic PsbO subunit of the water-oxidizing photosystem II (PSII) complex is represented by two isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana, namely PsbO1 and PsbO2. Recent analyses of psbo1 and psbo2 knockout mutants have brought insights into their roles in photosynthesis and light stress. Here we analyzed the two psbo mutants in terms of PsbOs expression pattern, organization of PSII complexes and GTPase activity. Both PsbOs are present in wild-type plants, and their expression is mutually controlled in the mutants. Almost all PSII complexes are in the monomeric form not only in the psbo1 but also in the psbo2 mutant grown under high-light conditions. This results either from an enhanced susceptibility of PSII to photoinactivation or from malfunction of the repair cycle. Notably, the psbo1 mutant displays such problems even under growth-light conditions. These results together with the finding that PsbO2 has a threefold higher GTPase activity than PsbO1 have significance for the turnover of the PSII D1 subunit in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Lundin
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden
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31
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Ifuku K, Ishihara S, Shimamoto R, Ido K, Sato F. Structure, function, and evolution of the PsbP protein family in higher plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 98:427-37. [PMID: 18791807 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The PsbP is a thylakoid lumenal subunit of photosystem II (PSII), which has developed specifically in higher plants and green algae. In higher plants, the molecular function of PsbP has been intensively investigated by release-reconstitution experiments in vitro. Recently, solution of a high-resolution structure of PsbP has enabled investigation of structure-function relationships, and efficient gene-silencing techniques have demonstrated the crucial role of PsbP in PSII activity in vivo. Furthermore, genomic and proteomic studies have shown that PsbP belongs to the divergent PsbP protein family, which consists of about 10 members in model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice. Characterization of the molecular function of PsbP homologs using Arabidopsis mutants suggests that each plays a distinct and important function in maintaining photosynthetic electron transfer. In this review, recent findings regarding the molecular functions of PsbP and other PsbP homologs in higher plants are summarized, and the molecular evolution of these proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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32
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Lepedus H, Fulgosi H, Bensić M, Cesar V. Efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in developing needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2008; 59:217-32. [PMID: 18637561 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.59.2008.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The photosynthetic performance of developing spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) needles was investigated. As revealed by previous reports, the biosynthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids was not following the characteristic chloroplast ultrastructure building up during needle elongation process. The aim of our study was to investigate photosynthetic capability (evaluated by oxygen evolution and chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics measurements), the dynamics of chloroplast pigments biosynthesis and the expression of major photosynthetic proteins as well as to find out possible correlation between components of issue. Low amounts of chlorophylls and carotenoids, LHC II and Rubisco LSU were detected in the embryonic shoot of vegetative buds. Although PS II was functional, oxygen production was not sufficient to compensate for respiration in the same developmental stage. The light compensation point of respiration was successively lowered during the needle elongation. Nevertheless the significant increase in photosynthetic pigments as well as the high level of expression of LHC II and Rubisco LSU proteins was observed in the later stages of needle development. Our results suggest that, besides light, some other environmental factors could be critical for producing fully functional chloroplasts in rapidly growing young needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lepedus
- Department of Biology, University of J. J. Strossmayer, Trg Lj. Gaja 6, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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33
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Suorsa M, Aro EM. Expression, assembly and auxiliary functions of photosystem II oxygen-evolving proteins in higher plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 93:89-100. [PMID: 17380423 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of higher plant photosystem II (PSII) consists of an inorganic Mn(4)Ca cluster and three nuclear-encoded proteins, PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ. In this review, we focus on the assembly of these OEC proteins, and especially on the role of the small intrinsic PSII proteins and recently found "novel" PSII proteins in the assembly process. The numerous auxiliary functions suggested during the past few years for the OEC proteins will likewise be discussed. For example, besides being a manganese-stabilizing protein, PsbO has been found to bind calcium and GTP and possess a carbonic anhydrase activity. In addition, specific roles have been suggested for the two isoforms of the PsbO protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. PsbP and PsbQ seem to play an additional role in the formation of PSII supercomplexes and in grana stacking, besides their originally recognized role in providing a proper calcium and chloride ion concentration for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Suorsa
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Roose JL, Wegener KM, Pakrasi HB. The extrinsic proteins of Photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 92:369-87. [PMID: 17200881 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-006-9117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Years of genetic, biochemical, and structural work have provided a number of insights into the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of Photosystem II (PSII) for a variety of photosynthetic organisms. However, questions still remain about the functions and interactions among the various subunits that make up the OEC. After a brief introduction to the individual subunits Psb27, PsbP, PsbQ, PsbR, PsbU, and PsbV, a current picture of the OEC as a whole in cyanobacteria, red algae, green algae, and higher plants will be presented. Additionally, the role that these proteins play in the dynamic life cycle of PSII will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnna L Roose
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Danielsson R, Suorsa M, Paakkarinen V, Albertsson PA, Styring S, Aro EM, Mamedov F. Dimeric and monomeric organization of photosystem II. Distribution of five distinct complexes in the different domains of the thylakoid membrane. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:14241-9. [PMID: 16537530 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600634200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The supramolecular organization of photosystem II (PSII) was characterized in distinct domains of the thylakoid membrane, the grana core, the grana margins, the stroma lamellae, and the so-called Y100 fraction. PSII supercomplexes, PSII core dimers, PSII core monomers, PSII core monomers lacking the CP43 subunit, and PSII reaction centers were resolved and quantified by blue native PAGE, SDS-PAGE for the second dimension, and immunoanalysis of the D1 protein. Dimeric PSII (PSII supercomplexes and PSII core dimers) dominate in the core part of the thylakoid granum, whereas the monomeric PSII prevails in the stroma lamellae. Considerable amounts of PSII monomers lacking the CP43 protein and PSII reaction centers (D1-D2-cytochrome b559 complex) were found in the stroma lamellae. Our quantitative picture of the supramolecular composition of PSII, which is totally different between different domains of the thylakoid membrane, is discussed with respect to the function of PSII in each fraction. Steady state electron transfer, flash-induced fluorescence decay, and EPR analysis revealed that nearly all of the dimeric forms represent oxygen-evolving PSII centers. PSII core monomers were heterogeneous, and a large fraction did not evolve oxygen. PSII monomers without the CP43 protein and PSII reaction centers showed no oxygen-evolving activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Danielsson
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 124, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Vacha F, Bumba L, Kaftan D, Vacha M. Microscopy and single molecule detection in photosynthesis. Micron 2005; 36:483-502. [PMID: 15951188 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Progress in various fields of microscopy techniques brought up enormous possibilities to study the photosynthesis down to the level of individual pigment-protein complexes. The aim of this review is to present recent developments in the photosynthesis research obtained using such highly advanced techniques. Three areas of microscopy techniques covering optical microscopy, electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy are reviewed. Whereas the electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy are used in photosynthesis mainly for structural studies of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes, the optical microscopy is used also for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Vacha
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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Balsera M, Arellano JB, Revuelta JL, de las Rivas J, Hermoso JA. The 1.49 A resolution crystal structure of PsbQ from photosystem II of Spinacia oleracea reveals a PPII structure in the N-terminal region. J Mol Biol 2005; 350:1051-60. [PMID: 15982665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Revised: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the high-resolution structure of the spinach PsbQ protein, one of the main extrinsic proteins of higher plant photosystem II (PSII). The crystal structure shows that there are two well-defined regions in PsbQ, the C-terminal region (residues 46-149) folded as a four helix up-down bundle and the N-terminal region (residues 1-45) that is loosely packed. This structure provides, for the first time, insights into the crucial N-terminal region. First, two parallel beta-strands cross spatially, joining the beginning and the end of the N-terminal region of PsbQ. Secondly, the residues Pro9-Pro10-Pro11-Pro12 form a left-handed helix (or a polyproline type II (PPII) structure), which is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the Pro peptide carbonyl groups and solvent water molecules. Thirdly, residues 14-33 are not visible in the electron density map, suggesting that this loop might be very flexible and presumably extended when PsbQ is free in solution. On the basis of the essential role of the N-terminal region of PsbQ in binding to PSII, we propose that both the PPII structure and the missing loop are key secondary structure elements in the recognition of specific protein-protein interactions between PsbQ and other oxygen-evolving complex extrinsic and/or intrinsic proteins of PSII. In addition, the PsbQ crystal coordinates two zinc ions, one of them is proposed to have a physiological role in higher plants, on the basis of the full conservation of the ligand protein residues in the sequence subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Balsera
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Nield J, Redding K, Hippler M. Remodeling of light-harvesting protein complexes in chlamydomonas in response to environmental changes. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2005; 3:1370-80. [PMID: 15590812 PMCID: PMC539040 DOI: 10.1128/ec.3.6.1370-1380.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Nield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Dekker JP, Boekema EJ. Supramolecular organization of thylakoid membrane proteins in green plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2005; 1706:12-39. [PMID: 15620363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Revised: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis in green plants are mediated by four large protein complexes, embedded in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII) are both organized into large supercomplexes with variable amounts of membrane-bound peripheral antenna complexes. PSI consists of a monomeric core complex with single copies of four different LHCI proteins and has binding sites for additional LHCI and/or LHCII complexes. PSII supercomplexes are dimeric and contain usually two to four copies of trimeric LHCII complexes. These supercomplexes have a further tendency to associate into megacomplexes or into crystalline domains, of which several types have been characterized. Together with the specific lipid composition, the structural features of the main protein complexes of the thylakoid membranes form the main trigger for the segregation of PSII and LHCII from PSI and ATPase into stacked grana membranes. We suggest that the margins, the strongly folded regions of the membranes that connect the grana, are essentially protein-free, and that protein-protein interactions in the lumen also determine the shape of the grana. We also discuss which mechanisms determine the stacking of the thylakoid membranes and how the supramolecular organization of the pigment-protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane and their flexibility may play roles in various regulatory mechanisms of green plant photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Dekker
- Faculty of Sciences, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Svensson B, Tiede DM, Nelson DR, Barry BA. Structural studies of the manganese stabilizing subunit in photosystem II. Biophys J 2004; 86:1807-12. [PMID: 14990506 PMCID: PMC1304014 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(04)74247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 10/31/2003] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is the plant photosynthetic reaction center that carries out the light driven oxidation of water. The water splitting reactions are catalyzed at a tetranuclear manganese cluster. The manganese stabilizing protein (MSP) of PSII stabilizes the manganese cluster and accelerates the rate of oxygen evolution. MSP can be removed from PSII, with an accompanying decrease in activity. Either an Escherichia coli expressed version of MSP or native, plant MSP can be rebound to the PSII reaction center; MSP reconstitution reverses the deleterious effects associated with MSP removal. We have employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solution small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques to investigate the structure of MSP in solution and to define the structural changes that occur before and after reconstitution to PSII. FTIR and SAXS are complementary, because FTIR spectroscopy detects changes in MSP secondary structure and SAXS detects changes in MSP size/shape. From the SAXS data, we conclude that the size/shape and domain structure of MSP do not change when MSP binds to PSII. From FTIR data acquired before and after reconstitution, we conclude that the reconstitution-induced increase in beta-sheet content, which was previously reported, persists after MSP is removed from the PSII reaction center. However, the secondary structural change in MSP is metastable after removal from PSII, which indicates that this form of MSP is not the lowest energy conformation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Svensson
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota, Gortner Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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Burnap RL. D1 protein processing and Mn cluster assembly in light of the emerging Photosystem II structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b407094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shutova T, Villarejo A, Zietz B, Klimov V, Gillbro T, Samuelsson G, Renger G. Comparative studies on the properties of the extrinsic manganese-stabilizing protein from higher plants and of a synthetic peptide of its C-terminus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1604:95-104. [PMID: 12765766 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(03)00025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a comparative analysis on the fluorescence properties of the manganese-stabilizing protein (MSP), a synthetic peptide corresponding to its C terminus and a 7:1 (molar ratio) mixture of N-acetyl-tyrosine and N-acetyl-tryptophan, respectively, together with reconstitution experiments of oxygen evolution in MSP-depleted photosystem II (PS II) membrane fragments. It is found: (i) at neutral pH, the fluorescence from Trp(241) is strongly diminished in MSP solutions, whereas it highly dominates the overall emission from the C-terminus peptide; (ii) at alkaline pH, the emission of Tyr and Trp is quenched in both, MSP and C-terminus peptide, with increasing pH but the decline curve is shifted by about two pH units towards the alkaline region in MSP; (iii) a drastically different pattern emerges in the 7:1 mixture where the Trp emission even slightly increases at high pH; (iv) the anisotropy of the fluorescence emission is wavelength-independent (310-395 nm) and indicative of one emitter type (Trp) in the C-terminus peptide and of two emitter types (Tyr, Trp) in MSP; and (v) in MSP-depleted PS II membrane fragments the oxygen evolution is restored (up to 85% of untreated control) by rebinding of MSP but not by the C-terminus peptide, however, the presence of the latter diminishes the restoration effect of MSP. A quenching mechanism of Trp fluorescence by a next neighbored tyrosinate in the peptide chain is proposed and the relevance of the C terminus of MSP briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shutova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Sweden
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Roberts AG, Gregor W, Britt RD, Kramer DM. Acceptor and donor-side interactions of phenolic inhibitors in Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1604:23-32. [PMID: 12686418 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(03)00021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Certain phenolic compounds represent a distinct class of Photosystem (PS) II Q(B) site inhibitors. In this paper, we report a detailed study of the effects of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and other phenolic inhibitors, bromoxynil and dinoseb, on PS II energetics. In intact PS II, phenolic inhibitors bound to only 90-95% of Q(B) sites even at saturating concentrations. The remaining PS II reaction centers (5-10%) showed modified Q(A) to Q(B) electron transfer but were sensitive to urea/triazine inhibitors. The binding of phenolic inhibitors was 30- to 300-fold slower than the urea/triazine class of Q(B) site inhibitors, DCMU and atrazine. In the sensitive centers, the S(2)Q(A)(-) state was 10-fold less stable in the presence of phenolic inhibitors than the urea/triazine herbicides. In addition, the binding affinity of phenolic herbicides was decreased 10-fold in the S(2)Q(A)(-) state than the S(1)Q(A) state. However, removal of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and associated extrinsic polypeptides by hydroxylamine (HA) washing abolished the slow binding kinetics as well as the destabilizing effects on the charge-separated state. The S(2)-multiline electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal and the 'split' EPR signal, originating from the S(2)Y(Z) state showed no significant changes upon binding of phenolic inhibitors at the Q(B) site. We thus propose a working model where Q(A) redox potential is lowered by short-range conformational changes induced by phenolic inhibitor binding at the Q(B) niche. Long-range effects of HA-washing eliminate this interaction, possibly by allowing more flexibility in the Q(B) site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Roberts
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Stadium Way, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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45
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46
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Anderson JM, Chow WS. Structural and functional dynamics of plant photosystem II. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2002; 357:1421-30; discussion 1469-70. [PMID: 12437881 PMCID: PMC1693045 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the unique problem of the extremely high potential of the oxidant P(+)(680) that is required to oxidize water to oxygen, the photoinactivation of photosystem II in vivo is inevitable, despite many photoprotective strategies. There is, however, a robustness of photosystem II, which depends partly on the highly dynamic compositional and structural heterogeneity of the cycle between functional and non-functional photosystem II complexes in response to light level. This coordinated regulation involves photon usage (energy utilization in photochemistry) and excess energy dissipation as heat, photoprotection by many molecular strategies, photoinactivation followed by photon damage and ultimately the D1 protein dynamics involved in the photosystem II repair cycle. Compelling, though indirect evidence suggests that the radical pair P(+)(680)Pheo(-) in functional PSII should be protected from oxygen. By analogy to the tentative oxygen channel of cytochrome c oxidase, oxygen may be liberated from the two water molecules bound to the catalytic site of the Mn cluster, via a specific pathway to the membrane surface. The function of the proposed oxygen pathway is to prevent O(2) from having direct access to P(+)(680)Pheo(-) and prevent the generation of singlet oxygen via the triplet-P(680) state in functional photosytem IIs. Only when the, as yet unidentified, potential trigger with a fateful first oxidative step destroys oxygen evolution, will the ensuing cascade of structural perturbations of photosystem II destroy the proposed oxygen, water and proton pathways. Then oxygen has direct access to P(+)(680)Pheo(-), singlet oxygen will be produced and may successively oxidize specific amino acids of the phosphorylated D1 protein of photosystem II dimers that are confined to appressed granal domains, thereby targeting D1 protein for eventual degradation and replacement in non-appressed thylakoid domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Anderson
- Photobioenergetics, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
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47
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Li XP, Gilmore AM, Niyogi KK. Molecular and global time-resolved analysis of a psbS gene dosage effect on pH- and xanthophyll cycle-dependent nonphotochemical quenching in photosystem II. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:33590-7. [PMID: 12110676 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m204797200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic light harvesting in plants is regulated by a pH- and xanthophyll-dependent nonphotochemical quenching process (qE) that dissipates excess absorbed light energy and requires the psbS gene product. An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, npq4-1, lacks qE because of a deletion of the psbS gene, yet it exhibits a semidominant phenotype. Here it is shown that the semidominance is due to a psbS gene dosage effect. Diploid Arabidopsis plants containing two psbS gene copies (wild-type), one psbS gene (npq4-1/NPQ4 heterozygote), and no psbS gene (npq4-1/npq4-1 homozygote) were compared. Heterozygous plants had 56% of the wild-type psbS mRNA level, 58% of the wild-type PsbS protein level, and 60% of the wild-type level of qE. Global analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence lifetime distributions revealed three components in wild-type and heterozygous plants, but only a single long lifetime component in npq4-1. The short lifetime distribution associated with qE was inhibited by more than 40% in heterozygous plants compared with the wild type. Thus, the extent of qE measured as either the fractional intensities of the PSII chlorophyll a fluorescence lifetime distributions or steady state intensities was stoichiometrically related to the amount of PsbS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
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48
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Elrad D, Niyogi KK, Grossman AR. A major light-harvesting polypeptide of photosystem II functions in thermal dissipation. THE PLANT CELL 2002; 14:1801-16. [PMID: 12172023 PMCID: PMC151466 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2002] [Accepted: 04/08/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Under high-light conditions, photoprotective mechanisms minimize the damaging effects of excess light. A primary photoprotective mechanism is thermal dissipation of excess excitation energy within the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII). Although roles for both carotenoids and specific polypeptides in thermal dissipation have been reported, neither the site nor the mechanism of this process has been defined precisely. Here, we describe the physiological and molecular characteristics of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii npq5 mutant, a strain that exhibits little thermal dissipation. This strain is normal for state transition, high light-induced violaxanthin deepoxidation, and low light growth, but it is more sensitive to photoinhibition than the wild type. Furthermore, both pigment data and measurements of photosynthesis suggest that the photosystem II antenna in the npq5 mutant has one-third fewer light-harvesting trimers than do wild-type cells. The npq5 mutant is null for a gene designated Lhcbm1, which encodes a light-harvesting polypeptide present in the trimers of the photosystem II antennae. Based on sequence data, the Lhcbm1 gene is 1 of 10 genes that encode the major LHCII polypeptides in Chlamydomonas. Amino acid alignments demonstrate that these predicted polypeptides display a high degree of sequence identity but maintain specific differences in their N-terminal regions. Both physiological and molecular characterization of the npq5 mutant suggest that most thermal dissipation within LHCII of Chlamydomonas is dependent on the peripherally associated trimeric LHC polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Elrad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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49
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Svensson B, Tiede DM, Barry BA. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of the Manganese Stabilizing Subunit in Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0258199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Svensson
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 and Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - David M. Tiede
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 and Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Bridgette A. Barry
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 and Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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50
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Yakushevska AE, Jensen PE, Keegstra W, van Roon H, Scheller HV, Boekema EJ, Dekker JP. Supermolecular organization of photosystem II and its associated light-harvesting antenna in Arabidopsis thaliana. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:6020-8. [PMID: 11732995 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The organization of Arabidopsis thaliana photosystem II (PSII) and its associated light-harvesting antenna (LHCII) was studied in isolated PSII-LHCII supercomplexes and native membrane-bound crystals by transmission electron microscopy and image analysis. Over 4000 single-particle projections of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes were analyzed. In comparison to spinach supercomplexes [Boekema, E.J., van Roon, H., van Breemen, J.F.L. & Dekker, J.P. (1999) Eur. J. Biochem. 266, 444-452] some striking differences were revealed: a much larger number of supercomplexes from Arabidopsis contain copies of M-type LHCII trimers. M-type trimers can also bind in the absence of the more common S-type trimers. No binding of l-type trimers could be detected. Analysis of native membrane-bound PSII crystals revealed a novel type of crystal with a unit cell of 25.6 x 21.4 nm (angle 77 degrees ), which is larger than any of the PSII lattices observed before. The data show that the unit cell is built up from C2S2M2 supercomplexes, rather than from C2S2M supercomplexes observed in native membrane crystals from spinach [Boekema, E.J., Van Breemen, J.F.L., Van Roon, H. & Dekker, J.P. (2000) J. Mol. Biol. 301, 1123-1133]. It is concluded from both the single particle analysis and the crystal analysis that the M-type trimers bind more strongly to PSII core complexes in Arabidopsis than in spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Yakushevska
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, Groningen, The Netherlands
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