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Singh A, Winnerdy FR, Avila CA, Nogues C, Phan AT, Heddi B. Interlocking G-Quadruplexes Using a G-Triad•G Connection: Implications for G-Wire Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26034-26040. [PMID: 39276075 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are noncanonical structures of nucleic acids formed mainly by G-rich sequences and play crucial roles in important cellular processes. They are also increasingly used in nanotechnology for their valuable properties. Various unexpected structures of G-quadruplexes have been solved recently, including a stable G-quadruplex lacking one guanine in the G-tetrad core, harboring a vacant site. In this study, we demonstrate the interlocking of two intramolecular G-quadruplexes: one containing a vacant site (4n - 1) and the other with an unbound guanine (4n + 1). These G-quadruplexes interact through a G-triad-G connection with unprecedented 5'-3' stacking. Using these interconnection properties, we have identified a sequence capable of self-assembling into G-wires in K+ solutions with potential nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Fernaldo Richtia Winnerdy
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Constanza Avendaño Avila
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), UMR8113 CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des sciences, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Claude Nogues
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), UMR8113 CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des sciences, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Anh Tuân Phan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Brahim Heddi
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), UMR8113 CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des sciences, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
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2
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Ramachandran V, Mainan A, Roy S. Dynamic effects of the spine of hydrated magnesium on viral RNA pseudoknot structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24570-24581. [PMID: 36193826 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01075e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the cellular environment, a viral RNA Pseudoknot (PK) structure is responsive to its prevailing ion atmosphere created by a mixture of monovalent and divalent cations. We investigate the influence of such a mixed-salt environment on RNA-PK structure at an atomic resolution through three sets of 1.5 μs explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and also by building a dynamic counterion-condensation (DCC) model at varying divalent Mg2+ concentrations. The DCC model includes explicit interaction of the ligand and adjacent chelated Mg2+ by extending the recently developed generalized Manning condensation model. Its implementation within an all-atom structure-based molecular dynamics framework bolsters its opportunity to explore large-length scale and long-timescale phenomena associated with complex RNA systems immersed in its dynamic ion environment. In the present case of RNA-PK, both explicit MD and DCC simulations reveal a spine of hydrated-Mg2+ to induce stem-I and stem-II closure where the minor groove between these stems is akin to breathing. Mg2+ mediated minor-groove narrowing is coupled with local base-flipping dynamics of a base triple and quadruple, changing the stem structure of such RNA. Contrary to the conversational view of the indispensable need for Mg2+ for the tertiary structure of RNA, the study warns about the plausible detrimental effect of specific Mg2+-phosphate interactions on the RNA-PK structure beyond a certain concentration of Mg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vysakh Ramachandran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
| | - Avijit Mainan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
| | - Susmita Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
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3
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Cueny RR, McMillan SD, Keck JL. G-quadruplexes in bacteria: insights into the regulatory roles and interacting proteins of non-canonical nucleic acid structures. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:539-561. [PMID: 36999585 PMCID: PMC10336854 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2023.2181310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are highly stable, non-canonical DNA or RNA structures that can form in guanine-rich stretches of nucleic acids. G4-forming sequences have been found in all domains of life, and proteins that bind and/or resolve G4s have been discovered in both bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. G4s regulate a variety of cellular processes through inhibitory or stimulatory roles that depend upon their positions within genomes or transcripts. These include potential roles as impediments to genome replication, transcription, and translation or, in other contexts, as activators of genome stability, transcription, and recombination. This duality suggests that G4 sequences can aid cellular processes but that their presence can also be problematic. Despite their documented importance in bacterial species, G4s remain understudied in bacteria relative to eukaryotes. In this review, we highlight the roles of bacterial G4s by discussing their prevalence in bacterial genomes, the proteins that bind and unwind G4s in bacteria, and the processes regulated by bacterial G4s. We identify limitations in our current understanding of the functions of G4s in bacteria and describe new avenues for studying these remarkable nucleic acid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R. Cueny
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Sarah D. McMillan
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - James L. Keck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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4
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Dey A, Pandav K, Nath M, Barthwal R, Prasad R. Molecular rec§ognition of telomere DNA sequence by 2, 6 anthraquinone derivatives leads to thermal stabilization and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:355-370. [PMID: 36041576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
According to current research, anti-cancer anthraquinones impact telomere disruption and may interact with G-quadruplex DNA that triggers signaling to apoptosis. The present study represents the biophysical investigation of oxidative stress, late apoptosis, and induced senescence among cancer cells after binding laboratory synthesized piperidine-based anthraquinone derivatives, 2, 6- Bis [(3-piperidino)acetamido)]anthracene-9,10-dione (N1P) and 2, 6-Bis [piperidino)propionamido]anthracene-9,10-dione (N2P), with G-quadruplex DNA. We employed biophysical approaches to explore the interaction of synthetic anthraquinone derivatives with quadruplex DNA sequences to influence biological activities in the presence of K+ and Na+ cations. The binding affinity for N2P and N1P are Kb = 5.8 × 106 M-1 and Kb = 1.0 × 106 M-1, respectively, leading to hypo-/hyper-chromism with 5-7 nm red shift and significant fluorescence quenching and changes in ellipticity resulting in external binding of both the ligands to G-quadruplex DNA. Ligand binding induced enhancement of thermostability of G4 DNA is greater in Na+ environment (ΔTm = 34 °C) as compared to that in K+ environment (ΔTm = 21 °C), thereby restricting telomerase binding access to telomeres. Microscopic images of treated cells indicated cellular shape, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation alterations. The findings pave the path for therapeutic research, given the great potential of modifying anthraquinone substituent groups towards improved efficacy, ROS generation, and G-quadruplex DNA selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Dey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Kumud Pandav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Mala Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ritu Barthwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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5
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Choi BE, Lee HT. DNA-RNA hybrid G-quadruplex tends to form near the 3' end of telomere overhang. Biophys J 2022; 121:2962-2980. [PMID: 35769005 PMCID: PMC9388385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) has been suggested to participate in telomere maintenance. TERRA consisting of UUAGGG repeats is capable of forming an intermolecular G-quadruplex (GQ) with single-stranded TTAGGG-repeat DNA in the telomere 3' overhang. To explore the structural features and potential functions of this DNA-RNA hybrid GQ (HGQ), we used single-molecule FRET to study the folding patterns of DNA with four to seven telomeric tandem repeats annealed with a short RNA consisting of two or five telomeric repeats. Our data highlight that RNA prefers to form DNA-RNA HGQ near the 3' end of telomeric DNA. Furthermore, the unfolding of secondary structures by a complementary C-rich sequence was observed for DNA GQ but not for DNA-RNA HGQ, which demonstrated the enhanced stability of the telomere 3' end via hybridization with RNA. These conformational and physical properties of telomeric DNA-RNA HGQ suggest that TERRA might limit access to the 3' end of the telomeric DNA overhang, which is known to be critical for the interaction with telomerase and other telomere-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Eum Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hui-Ting Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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6
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Varshney D, Cuesta SM, Herdy B, Abdullah UB, Tannahill D, Balasubramanian S. RNA G-quadruplex structures control ribosomal protein production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22735. [PMID: 34815422 PMCID: PMC8611094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four-stranded G-quadruplex (G4) structures form from guanine-rich tracts, but the extent of their formation in cellular RNA and details of their role in RNA biology remain poorly defined. Herein, we first delineate the presence of endogenous RNA G4s in the human cytoplasmic transcriptome via the binding sites of G4-interacting proteins, DDX3X (previously published), DHX36 and GRSF1. We demonstrate that a sub-population of these RNA G4s are reliably detected as folded structures in cross-linked cellular lysates using the G4 structure-specific antibody BG4. The 5' UTRs of protein coding mRNAs show significant enrichment in folded RNA G4s, particularly those for ribosomal proteins. Mutational disruption of G4s in ribosomal protein UTRs alleviates translation in vitro, whereas in cells, depletion of G4-resolving helicases or treatment with G4-stabilising small molecules inhibit the translation of ribosomal protein mRNAs. Our findings point to a common mode for translational co-regulation mediated by G4 structures. The results reveal a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention in diseases with dysregulated translation, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Varshney
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sergio Martinez Cuesta
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara Herdy
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ummi Binti Abdullah
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Tannahill
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK.
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7
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Balasubramanian S, Senapati S. Dynamics and Barrier of Movements of Sodium and Potassium Ions Across the Oxytricha nova G-Quadruplex Core. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11055-11066. [PMID: 33238706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (GQs) are highly stable noncanonical forms of nucleic acids that are present in important genomic regions. The central core of the GQ is lined up by four closely spaced carbonyl groups from the G-quartets, and the resulting electrostatic repulsion is neutralized by the coordinating cations. In spite of several reports on GQ structure and cation-GQ interactions, the atomic- to molecular-level understanding of the ion dynamics and ion exchange in the GQ core is quite poor. Here, we attempt to elucidate the mechanism of Na+ and K+ binding to the GQ core and trace the exchange of these ions with the ions in bulk by means of all-atomic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. One of the most studied GQs, Oxytricha nova telomeric G-quadruplex (OxyGQ), is taken as the representative GQ. Subsequently, umbrella sampling MD simulations were performed to elucidate the energetics of ion translocation from one end to the other end of the GQ central core. Our study highlights the importance of ion hydration for the uptake and correct positioning of the cations in the core. The free-energy landscape of ion transport has shown favorable in-plane binding of Na+ ions with GQ quartets, which matches very well with the crystal structure. The binding of K+ ions, on the other hand, was out-of-plane and its translocation required a larger barrier to cross.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, BJM School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Department of Biotechnology, BJM School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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8
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Barthwal R, Raje S, Pandav K. Structural basis for stabilization of human telomeric G-quadruplex [d-(TTAGGGT)] 4 by anticancer drug epirubicin. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115761. [PMID: 32992248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthracycline anticancer drugs show multiple strategies of action on gene functioning by regulation of telomerase enzyme by apoptotic factors, e.g. ceramide level, p53 activity, bcl-2 protein levels, besides inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis and topoisomerase-II action. We report binding of epirubicin with G-quadruplex (G4) DNA, [d-(TTAGGGT)]4, comprising human telomeric DNA sequence TTAGGG, using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy, sequence selective changes in chemical shift (~0.33 ppm) and line broadening in DNA signals suggest formation of a well-defined complex. Presence of sequential nuclear Overhauser enhancements at all base quartet steps and absence of large downfield shifts in 31P resonances preclude intercalative mode of interaction. Restrained molecular dynamics simulations using AMBER force field incorporating intermolecular drug to DNA interproton distances, involving ring D protons of epirubicin depict external binding close to T1-T2-A3 and G6pT7 sites. Binding induced thermal stabilization of G4 DNA (~36 °C), obtained from imino protons and differential scanning calorimetry, is likely to come in the way of telomerase association with telomeres. The findings pave the way for drug-designing with modifications at ring D and daunosamine sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Barthwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| | - Shailja Raje
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kumud Pandav
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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9
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Bryan TM. G-Quadruplexes at Telomeres: Friend or Foe? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163686. [PMID: 32823549 PMCID: PMC7464828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that cap and protect the ends of linear chromosomes. In almost all species, telomeric DNA has a G/C strand bias, and the short tandem repeats of the G-rich strand have the capacity to form into secondary structures in vitro, such as four-stranded G-quadruplexes. This has long prompted speculation that G-quadruplexes play a positive role in telomere biology, resulting in selection for G-rich tandem telomere repeats during evolution. There is some evidence that G-quadruplexes at telomeres may play a protective capping role, at least in yeast, and that they may positively affect telomere maintenance by either the enzyme telomerase or by recombination-based mechanisms. On the other hand, G-quadruplex formation in telomeric DNA, as elsewhere in the genome, can form an impediment to DNA replication and a source of genome instability. This review summarizes recent evidence for the in vivo existence of G-quadruplexes at telomeres, with a focus on human telomeres, and highlights some of the many unanswered questions regarding the location, form, and functions of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Bryan
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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10
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Williams JD, Houserova D, Johnson BR, Dyniewski B, Berroyer A, French H, Barchie AA, Bilbrey DD, Demeis JD, Ghee KR, Hughes AG, Kreitz NW, McInnis CH, Pudner SC, Reeves MN, Stahly AN, Turcu A, Watters BC, Daly GT, Langley RJ, Gillespie MN, Prakash A, Larson ED, Kasukurthi MV, Huang J, Jinks-Robertson S, Borchert GM. Characterization of long G4-rich enhancer-associated genomic regions engaging in a novel loop:loop 'G4 Kissing' interaction. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:5907-5925. [PMID: 32383760 PMCID: PMC7293029 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian antibody switch regions (∼1500 bp) are composed of a series of closely neighboring G4-capable sequences. Whereas numerous structural and genome-wide analyses of roles for minimal G4s in transcriptional regulation have been reported, Long G4-capable regions (LG4s)-like those at antibody switch regions-remain virtually unexplored. Using a novel computational approach we have identified 301 LG4s in the human genome and find LG4s prone to mutation and significantly associated with chromosomal rearrangements in malignancy. Strikingly, 217 LG4s overlap annotated enhancers, and we find the promoters regulated by these enhancers markedly enriched in G4-capable sequences suggesting G4s facilitate promoter-enhancer interactions. Finally, and much to our surprise, we also find single-stranded loops of minimal G4s within individual LG4 loci are frequently highly complementary to one another with 178 LG4 loci averaging >35 internal loop:loop complements of >8 bp. As such, we hypothesized (then experimentally confirmed) that G4 loops within individual LG4 loci directly basepair with one another (similar to characterized stem-loop kissing interactions) forming a hitherto undescribed, higher-order, G4-based secondary structure we term a 'G4 Kiss or G4K'. In conclusion, LG4s adopt novel, higher-order, composite G4 structures directly contributing to the inherent instability, regulatory capacity, and maintenance of these conspicuous genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Williams
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Dominika Houserova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Bradley R Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Brad Dyniewski
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Alexandra Berroyer
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Hannah French
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Addison A Barchie
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Dakota D Bilbrey
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Demeis
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Kanesha R Ghee
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Alexandra G Hughes
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Naden W Kreitz
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Cameron H McInnis
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Susanna C Pudner
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Monica N Reeves
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Ashlyn N Stahly
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Ana Turcu
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Brianna C Watters
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Grant T Daly
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Raymond J Langley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Mark N Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Erik D Larson
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | | | - Jingshan Huang
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Sue Jinks-Robertson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Glen M Borchert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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11
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Islam B, Stadlbauer P, Vorlíčková M, Mergny JL, Otyepka M, Šponer J. Stability of Two-Quartet G-Quadruplexes and Their Dimers in Atomistic Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3447-3463. [PMID: 32163706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (GQs) are four-stranded noncanonical DNA and RNA architectures that can be formed by guanine-rich sequences. The stability of GQs increases with the number of G-quartets, and three G-quartets generally form stable GQs. However, the stability of two-quartet GQs is an open issue. To understand the intrinsic stability of two-quartet GQ stems, we have carried out a series of unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (505 μs in total) of two- and four-quartet DNA and RNA GQs, with attention paid mainly to parallel-stranded arrangements. We used AMBER DNA parmOL15 and RNA parmOL3 force fields and tested different ion and water models. Two-quartet parallel-stranded DNA GQs unfolded in all the simulations, while the equivalent RNA GQ was stable in most of the simulations. GQs composed of two stacked units of two-quartet GQs were stable for both DNA and RNA. The simulations suggest that a minimum of three quartets are needed to form an intrinsically stable all-anti parallel-stranded DNA GQ. Parallel two-quartet DNA GQ may exist if substantially stabilized by another molecule or structural element, including multimerization. On the other hand, we predict that isolated RNA two-quartet parallel GQs may form, albeit being weakly stable. We also show that ionic parameters and water models should be chosen with caution because some parameter combinations can cause spurious instability of GQ stems. Some in-so-far unnoticed limitations of force-field description of multiple ions inside the GQs are discussed, which compromise the capability of simulations to fully capture the effect of increase in the number of quartets on the GQ stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barira Islam
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stadlbauer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17 listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Vorlíčková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17 listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17 listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Barthwal R, Raje S, Pandav K. Structural basis for stabilization of human telomeric G-quadruplex [d-(TTAGGGT)] 4 by anticancer drug adriamycin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:795-815. [PMID: 32070245 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1730969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Besides inhibiting DNA duplication, DNA dependent RNA synthesis and topoisomerase-II enzyme action, anticancer drug adriamycin is found to cause telomere dysfunction and shows multiple strategies of action on gene functioning. We present evidence of binding of adriamycin to parallel stranded intermolecular [d-(TTAGGGT)]4 G-quadruplex DNA comprising human telomeric DNA by proton and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy shows formation of complex between the two molecules. Changes in chemical shift and line broadening of DNA and adriamycin protons suggest participation of specific chemical groups/moieties in interaction. Presence of sequential nuclear Overhauser enhancements at all base quartet steps and absence of large downfield shifts in 31P resonances give clear proof of absence of intercalation of adriamycin chromophore between base quartets. Restrained molecular dynamics simulations using observed 15 short intermolecular inter proton distance contacts depict stacking of ring D of adriamycin with terminal G6 quartet by displacing T7 base and external groove binding close to T1-T2-A3 bases. The disappearance of imino protons monitored as a function of temperature and differential scanning calorimetry experiments yield thermal stabilization of 24 °C, which is likely to come in the way of telomerase association with telomeres. The findings pave the way for design of alternate anthracycline based drugs with specific modifications at ring D to enhance induced thermal stabilization and use alternate mechanism of binding to G-quadruplex DNA for interference in functional pathway of telomere maintenance by telomerase enzyme besides their well known action on duplex DNA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Barthwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Shailja Raje
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Kumud Pandav
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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13
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Normal expression of KCNJ11 is maintained by the G-quadruplex. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:504-510. [PMID: 31325507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs affect various pathological pathways by binding to multiple target mRNAs. Recently, it was reported that eukaryotic RNA G-quadruplexes were enriched in mRNA 3'-UTR, where microRNAs can also bind. To determine the roles of the G-quadruplex within mRNA 3'-UTR in microRNA binding sites, a bioinformatics approach was utilized to identify candidate microRNA target mRNAs with potential G-quadruplex formation. Circular dichroism spectrometry demonstrated the formation of RNA G-quadruplexes in vitro in candidate G-rich sequences. Mutated guanosines that are critical for G-quadruplex formation significantly decreased luciferase activities. Moreover, a G-quadruplex ligand TMPyP4 was used to destabilize the KCNJ11 RNA G-quadruplex in cardiomyocytes, resulting in binding of the microRNA to mRNA and subsequent suppression of KCNJ11 expression. In conclusion, our study showed that the G-quadruplex structure affects microRNA binding to its target mRNA. Thus, our study reveals a novel mechanism for G-quadruplex-dependent regulation of microRNA-mRNA interaction, which is essential to maintain normal gene expression.
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14
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Parasitic Protozoa: Unusual Roles for G-Quadruplexes in Early-Diverging Eukaryotes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071339. [PMID: 30959737 PMCID: PMC6480360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine-quadruplex (G4) motifs, at both the DNA and RNA levels, have assumed an important place in our understanding of the biology of eukaryotes, bacteria and viruses. However, it is generally little known that their very first description, as well as the foundational work on G4s, was performed on protozoans: unicellular life forms that are often parasitic. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the discovery of G4s, intertwined with their biological significance across the protozoan kingdom. This is a history in three parts: first, a period of discovery including the first characterisation of a G4 motif at the DNA level in ciliates (environmental protozoa); second, a period less dense in publications concerning protozoa, during which DNA G4s were discovered in both humans and viruses; and third, a period of renewed interest in protozoa, including more mechanistic work in ciliates but also in pathogenic protozoa. This last period has opened an exciting prospect of finding new anti-parasitic drugs to interfere with parasite biology, thus adding new compounds to the therapeutic arsenal.
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15
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Lee CY, McNerney C, Myong S. G-Quadruplex and Protein Binding by Single-Molecule FRET Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2035:309-322. [PMID: 31444758 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9666-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) is a non-canonical nucleic acid structure that arises from the stacking of planar G-tetrads, stabilized by monovalent cations. G4 forming sequences exist throughout the genome and G4 structures are shown to be involved in many processes including DNA replication and gene expression. The single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy has been employed to study G4 structure formation and protein binding interactions. Here, we describe methods by which we tested the folding and unfolding of G-quadruplexes structure and studied the dynamics of its interaction with POT1 protein. The methods presented here can be applied to study other putative G4 sequences and potential binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Lee
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Sua Myong
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Conde M, Rovere M, Gallo P. Molecular dynamics simulations of freezing-point depression of TIP4P/2005 water in solution with NaCl. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Kovalev VI, Vekshin NL. Fluorescence Analysis of 7-Aminoactinomycin–Telomeric Oligonucleotide d[AGGG(TTAGGG)3] Complexes. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Wang C, Ren P, Luo R. Ionic Solution: What Goes Right and Wrong with Continuum Solvation Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:11169-11179. [PMID: 29164898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-mediated electrostatic interactions were well recognized to be important in the structure and function of molecular systems. Ionic interaction is an important component in electrostatic interactions, especially in highly charged molecules, such as nucleic acids. Here, we focus on the quality of the widely used Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (PBSA) continuum models in modeling ionic interactions by comparing with both explicit solvent simulations and the experiment. In this work, the molality-dependent chemical potentials for sodium chloride (NaCl) electrolyte were first simulated in the SPC/E explicit solvent. Our high-quality simulation agrees well with both the previous study and the experiment. Given the free-energy simulations in SPC/E as the benchmark, we used the same sets of snapshots collected in the SPC/E solvent model for PBSA free-energy calculations in the hope to achieve the maximum consistency between the two solvent models. Our comparative analysis shows that the molality-dependent chemical potentials of NaCl were reproduced well with both linear PB and nonlinear PB methods, although nonlinear PB agrees better with SPC/E and the experiment. Our free-energy simulations also show that the presence of salt increases the hydrophobic effect in a nonlinear fashion, in qualitative agreement with previous theoretical studies of Onsager and Samaras. However, the lack of molality-dependency in the nonelectrostatics continuum models dramatically reduces the overall quality of PBSA methods in modeling salt-dependent energetics. These analyses point to further improvements needed for more robust modeling of solvent-mediated interactions by the continuum solvation frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Wang J, Gu Y, Liu L, Wang C, Wang J, Ding S, Li J, Qiu L, Jiang P. Novel application of fluorescence coupled capillary electrophoresis to resolve the interaction between the G-quadruplex aptamer and thrombin. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3161-3167. [PMID: 28594110 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic binding status between the thrombin and its G-quadruplex aptamers and the stability of its interaction partners were probed using our previously established fluorescence-coupled capillary electrophoresis method. A 29-nucleic acid thrombin binding aptamer was chosen as a model to study its binding affinity with the thrombin ligand. First, the effects of the cations on the formation of G-quadruplex from unstructured 29-nucleic acid thrombin binding aptamer were examined. Second, the rapid binding kinetics between the thrombin and 6-carboxyfluorescein labeled G-quadruplex aptamer was measured. Third, the stability of G-quadruplex aptamer-thrombin complex was also examined in the presence of the interfering species. Remarkably, it was found that the complementary strand of 29-nucleic acid thrombin binding aptamer could compete with G-quadruplex aptamer and thus disassociated the G-quadruplex structure into an unstructured aptamer. These data suggest that our in-house established fluorescence-coupled capillary electrophoresis assay could be applied to binding studies of the G-quadruplex aptamers, thrombin, and their ligands, while overcoming the complicated and costly approaches currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Cheli Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shumin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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20
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Dey S, Rühl CL, Jäschke A. Catalysis of Michael Additions by Covalently Modified G-Quadruplex DNA. Chemistry 2017; 23:12162-12170. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Surjendu Dey
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Heidelberg University; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Carmen L. Rühl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Heidelberg University; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Heidelberg University; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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21
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del Mundo I, Zewail-Foote M, Kerwin SM, Vasquez KM. Alternative DNA structure formation in the mutagenic human c-MYC promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:4929-4943. [PMID: 28334873 PMCID: PMC5416782 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation 'hotspot' regions in the genome are susceptible to genetic instability, implicating them in diseases. These hotspots are not random and often co-localize with DNA sequences potentially capable of adopting alternative DNA structures (non-B DNA, e.g. H-DNA and G4-DNA), which have been identified as endogenous sources of genomic instability. There are regions that contain overlapping sequences that may form more than one non-B DNA structure. The extent to which one structure impacts the formation/stability of another, within the sequence, is not fully understood. To address this issue, we investigated the folding preferences of oligonucleotides from a chromosomal breakpoint hotspot in the human c-MYC oncogene containing both potential G4-forming and H-DNA-forming elements. We characterized the structures formed in the presence of G4-DNA-stabilizing K+ ions or H-DNA-stabilizing Mg2+ ions using multiple techniques. We found that under conditions favorable for H-DNA formation, a stable intramolecular triplex DNA structure predominated; whereas, under K+-rich, G4-DNA-forming conditions, a plurality of unfolded and folded species were present. Thus, within a limited region containing sequences with the potential to adopt multiple structures, only one structure predominates under a given condition. The predominance of H-DNA implicates this structure in the instability associated with the human c-MYC oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imee Marie A. del Mundo
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd. Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Maha Zewail-Foote
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southwestern University, 1001 E University Ave, Georgetown, TX 78626, USA
| | - Sean M. Kerwin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Karen M. Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd. Austin, TX 78723, USA
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22
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Bhattacharyya D, Mirihana Arachchilage G, Basu S. Metal Cations in G-Quadruplex Folding and Stability. Front Chem 2016; 4:38. [PMID: 27668212 PMCID: PMC5016522 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the structural and physicochemical aspects of metal cation coordination to G-Quadruplexes (GQ) and their effects on GQ stability and conformation. G-quadruplex structures are non-canonical secondary structures formed by both DNA and RNA. G-quadruplexes regulate a wide range of important biochemical processes. Besides the sequence requirements, the coordination of monovalent cations in the GQ is essential for its formation and determines the stability and polymorphism of GQ structures. The nature, location, and dynamics of the cation coordination and their impact on the overall GQ stability are dependent on several factors such as the ionic radii, hydration energy, and the bonding strength to the O6 of guanines. The intracellular monovalent cation concentration and the localized ion concentrations determine the formation of GQs and can potentially dictate their regulatory roles. A wide range of biochemical and biophysical studies on an array of GQ enabling sequences have generated at a minimum the knowledge base that allows us to often predict the stability of GQs in the presence of the physiologically relevant metal ions, however, prediction of conformation of such GQs is still out of the realm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soumitra Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State UniversityKent, OH, USA
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23
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Wu RR, Rodgers MT. Tautomerization lowers the activation barriers for N-glycosidic bond cleavage of protonated uridine and 2'-deoxyuridine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24451-9. [PMID: 27536972 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase conformations of protonated uridine, [Urd+H](+), and its 2'-deoxy form, protonated 2'-deoxyuridine, [dUrd+H](+), have been examined in detail previously by infrared multiple photon dissociation action spectroscopy techniques. Both 2,4-dihydroxy tautomers and O4 protonated conformers of [Urd+H](+) and [dUrd+H](+) were found to coexist in the experiments with the 2,4-dihydroxy tautomers dominating the population. In the present study, the kinetic energy dependence of the collision-induced dissociation behavior of [Urd+H](+) and [dUrd+H](+) are examined using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer to probe the mechanisms and energetics for activated dissociation of these protonated nucleosides. The primary dissociation pathways observed involve N-glycosidic bond cleavage leading to competitive elimination of protonated or neutral uracil. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) for these N-glycosidic bond cleavage pathways are mapped out via electronic structure calculations for the mixture of 2,4-dihydroxy tautomers and O4 protonated conformers of [Urd+H](+) and [dUrd+H](+) populated in the experiments. The calculated activation energies (AEs) and heats of reaction (ΔHrxns) for N-glycosidic bond cleavage at both the B3LYP and MP2(full) levels of theory are compared to the measured values. The agreement between experiment and theory indicates that B3LYP provides better estimates of the energetics of the species along the PESs for N-glycosidic bond cleavage than MP2, and that the 2,4-dihydroxy tautomers, which are stabilized by strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, predominantly influence the observed threshold dissociation behavior of [Urd+H](+) and [dUrd+H](+).
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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24
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Arthur KL, Eiceman GA, Reynolds JC, Creaser CS. Analysis of Supramolecular Complexes of 3-Methylxanthine with Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:800-809. [PMID: 26914231 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturised field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), combined with mass spectrometry (MS), has been applied to the study of self-assembling, noncovalent supramolecular complexes of 3-methylxanthine (3-MX) in the gas phase. 3-MX forms stable tetrameric complexes around an alkali metal (Na(+), K(+)) or ammonium cation, to generate a diverse array of complexes with single and multiple charge states. Complexes of (3-MX)n observed include: singly charged complexes where n = 1-8 and 12 and doubly charged complexes where n = 12-24. The most intense ions are those associated with multiples of tetrameric units, where n = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24. The effect of dispersion field on the ion intensities of the self-assembled complexes indicates some fragmentation of higher order complexes within the FAIMS electrodes (in-FAIMS dissociation), as well as in-source collision induced dissociation within the mass spectrometer. FAIMS-MS enables charge state separation of supramolecular complexes of 3-MX and is shown to be capable of separating species with overlapping mass-to-charge ratios. FAIMS selected transmission also results in an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio for low intensity complexes and enables the visualization of species undetectable without FAIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh L Arthur
- Center for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Gary A Eiceman
- Center for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, P.O. Box 3001, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, USA
| | - James C Reynolds
- Center for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Colin S Creaser
- Center for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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25
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Man VH, Pan F, Sagui C, Roland C. Comparative melting and healing of B-DNA and Z-DNA by an infrared laser pulse. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:145101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4945340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hoang Man
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, USA
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, USA
| | - Celeste Sagui
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, USA
| | - Christopher Roland
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, USA
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26
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Islam B, Stadlbauer P, Neidle S, Haider S, Sponer J. Can We Execute Reliable MM-PBSA Free Energy Computations of Relative Stabilities of Different Guanine Quadruplex Folds? J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2899-912. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barira Islam
- Institute
of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská
135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stadlbauer
- Institute
of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská
135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen Neidle
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39
Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Shozeb Haider
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39
Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Jiri Sponer
- Institute
of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská
135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Campus Bohunice, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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27
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Largy E, Mergny JL, Gabelica V. Role of Alkali Metal Ions in G-Quadruplex Nucleic Acid Structure and Stability. Met Ions Life Sci 2016; 16:203-58. [PMID: 26860303 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21756-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are guanine-rich nucleic acids that fold by forming successive quartets of guanines (the G-tetrads), stabilized by intra-quartet hydrogen bonds, inter-quartet stacking, and cation coordination. This specific although highly polymorphic type of secondary structure deviates significantly from the classical B-DNA duplex. G-quadruplexes are detectable in human cells and are strongly suspected to be involved in a number of biological processes at the DNA and RNA levels. The vast structural polymorphism exhibited by G-quadruplexes, together with their putative biological relevance, makes them attractive therapeutic targets compared to canonical duplex DNA. This chapter focuses on the essential and specific coordination of alkali metal cations by G-quadruplex nucleic acids, and most notably on studies highlighting cation-dependent dissimilarities in their stability, structure, formation, and interconversion. Section 1 surveys G-quadruplex structures and their interactions with alkali metal ions while Section 2 presents analytical methods used to study G-quadruplexes. The influence of alkali cations on the stability, structure, and kinetics of formation of G-quadruplex structures of quadruplexes will be discussed in Sections 3 and 4. Section 5 focuses on the cation-induced interconversion of G-quadruplex structures. In Sections 3 to 5, we will particularly emphasize the comparisons between cations, most often K(+) and Na(+) because of their prevalence in the literature and in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Largy
- ARNA Laboratory, Université Bordeaux, IECB, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, F-33600, Pessac, France.,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM, U869, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- ARNA Laboratory, Université Bordeaux, IECB, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, F-33600, Pessac, France. .,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM, U869, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- ARNA Laboratory, Université Bordeaux, IECB, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, F-33600, Pessac, France. .,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM, U869, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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28
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Le DD, Di Antonio M, Chan LKM, Balasubramanian S. G-quadruplex ligands exhibit differential G-tetrad selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8048-50. [PMID: 25864836 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple equilibrium-binding assay mediated by ligand-induced fluorescence quenching of fluorophore-labelled G-quadruplex (G4) structures enabled quantitative interrogation of mutually exclusive ligand binding interactions at opposed G-tetrads. This technique revealed that the ligands TmPyP4, PhenDC3, and PDS have differential chemotype-specific binding preferences for individual G-tetrads of a model genomic G4 structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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29
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Scarlett G, Siligardi G, Kneale GG. Circular Dichroism for the Analysis of Protein-DNA Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1334:299-312. [PMID: 26404158 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2877-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the practical aspects of circular dichroism (CD) and synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) in protein-nucleic acids interaction solution studies. The chapter will describe the guidelines appropriate to designing experiments and conducting correct data interpretation, the use of both benchtop and synchrotron CD approaches is discussed and the advantages of SRCD outlined. Further information and a good general review of the field a can be found in Gray (Circular Dichroism of protein-nucleic acid interactions. In: Fasman GD (ed) Circular dichroism and the conformational analysis of biomolecules. Plenum Press, New York. pp 469-500, 1996).
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Scarlett
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry 1st Building, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK.
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Geoffrey G Kneale
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry 1st Building, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
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30
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α-Synuclein is prone to interaction with the GC-box-like sequence in vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:603-9. [PMID: 24659023 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a presynaptic protein that is widely implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies. Evidence suggests that α-syn could be imported into the nucleus and subsequently disrupt normal neuronal function. The existence of α-syn in the nucleus provides the possibility of interaction with DNA leading to gene transcript regulation. Thus, CD spectra were used to determine the specific DNA sequence with which α-syn is most likely to interact. Our results indicated that α-syn was prone to preferentially interact with the GC-box-like sequence in vitro at a ratio of 2:1 or less (α-syn: the GC-box-like sequence).
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31
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Ungvarsky J, Plsikova J, Janovec L, Koval J, Mikes J, Mikesová L, Harvanova D, Fedorocko P, Kristian P, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Vojtickova M, Sabolova D, Stramova Z, Rosocha J, Imrich J, Kozurkova M. Novel trisubstituted acridines as human telomeric quadruplex binding ligands. Bioorg Chem 2014; 57:13-29. [PMID: 25171773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of trisubstituted acridines were synthesized with the aim of mimicking the effects of BRACO19. These compounds were synthesized by modifying the molecular structure of BRACO19 at positions 3 and 6 with heteroacyclic moieties. All of the derivatives presented in the study exhibited stabilizing effects on the human telomeric DNA quadruplex. UV-vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, linear dichroism and viscosimetry were used in order to study the nature of the DNA binding in more detail. The results show that all of the novel derivatives were able to fold the single-stranded DNA sequences into antiparallel G-quadruplex structures, with derivative 15 exhibiting the highest stabilizing capability. Cell cycle analysis revealed that a primary trend of the "braco"-like derivatives was to arrest the cells in the S- and G2M-phases of the cell cycle within the first 72h, with derivative 13 and BRACO19 proving particularly effective in suppressing cell proliferation. All studies derivatives were less toxic to human fibroblast cell line in comparison with HT 29 cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ungvarsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Plsikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic; Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04166 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Janovec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Koval
- Department of Cellular Biology, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromir Mikes
- Department of Cellular Biology, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Mikesová
- Department of Cellular Biology, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Denisa Harvanova
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04166 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Fedorocko
- Department of Cellular Biology, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Kristian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Pharmacology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Pharmacology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Vojtickova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Danica Sabolova
- Department of Biochemistry, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Stramova
- Department of Biochemistry, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Rosocha
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04166 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Imrich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Maria Kozurkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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32
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Komatsu R, Sawada R, Umehara T, Tamura K. Proline might have been the first amino acid in the primitive genetic code. J Mol Evol 2014; 78:310-2. [PMID: 24973301 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-014-9629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stereochemical assignment of amino acids and corresponding codons or anticodons has not been successful so far. Here, we focused on proline and GGG (anticodon of tRNA(Pro)) and investigated their mutual interaction. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that guanosine nucleotides (GG, GGG) formed G-quartet structures. The structures were destroyed by adding high concentrations of proline. We propose that the possibility of the reversible proline/G-quartet interaction could have contributed to the specific assignment of proline on GGG and that this coding could have been the first in the genetic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Komatsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
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33
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Hwang H, Kreig A, Calvert J, Lormand J, Kwon Y, Daley JM, Sung P, Opresko PL, Myong S. Telomeric overhang length determines structural dynamics and accessibility to telomerase and ALT-associated proteins. Structure 2014; 22:842-53. [PMID: 24836024 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The G-rich single-stranded DNA at the 3' end of human telomeres can self-fold into G-quaduplex (GQ). However, telomere lengthening by telomerase or the recombination-based alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) mechanism requires protein loading on the overhang. Using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, we discovered that lengthening the telomeric overhang also increased the rate of dynamic exchanges between structural conformations. Overhangs with five to seven TTAGGG repeats, compared with four repeats, showed much greater dynamics and accessibility to telomerase binding and activity and loading of the ALT-associated proteins RAD51, WRN, and BLM. Although the eight repeats are highly dynamic, they can fold into two GQs, which limited protein accessibility. In contrast, the telomere-specific protein POT1 is unique in that it binds independently of repeat number. Our results suggest that the telomeric overhang length and dynamics may contribute to the regulation of telomere extension via telomerase action and the ALT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hwang
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois, 506 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alex Kreig
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jacob Calvert
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin Lormand
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 326, BRIDG, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yongho Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208024, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - James M Daley
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208024, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208024, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 326, BRIDG, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Sua Myong
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Physics Frontier Center (Center of Physics for Living Cells), University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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34
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Li Y, Liu C, Feng X, Xu Y, Liu BF. Ultrafast Microfluidic Mixer for Tracking the Early Folding Kinetics of Human Telomere G-Quadruplex. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4333-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics − Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics − Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics − Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Youzhi Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics − Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics − Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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35
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David Wilson W, Paul A. Kinetics and Structures on the Molecular Path to the Quadruplex Form of the Human Telomere. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:1625-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Bagheryan Z, Raoof JB, Ojani R, Rezaei P. Development of a new biosensor based on functionalized SBA-15 modified screen-printed graphite electrode as a nano-reactor for Gquadruplex recognition. Talanta 2014; 119:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Yatsunyk LA, Piétrement O, Albrecht D, Tran PLT, Renčiuk D, Sugiyama H, Arbona JM, Aimé JP, Mergny JL. Guided assembly of tetramolecular G-quadruplexes. ACS NANO 2013; 7:5701-10. [PMID: 23763613 DOI: 10.1021/nn402321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are finding applications in nanotechnology as nanomaterials, mechanical devices, templates, and biosensors. G-quadruplex DNA, formed by π-π stacking of guanine (G) quartets, is an attractive alternative to regular B-DNA because of the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of quadruplexes. However, they suffer from a fatal flaw: the rules of recognition, i.e., the formation of a G-quartet in which four identical bases are paired, prevent the controlled assembly between different strands, leading to complex mixtures. In this report, we present the solution to this recognition problem. The proposed design combines two DNA elements: parallel-stranded duplexes and a quadruplex core. Parallel-stranded duplexes direct controlled assembly of the quadruplex core, and their strands present convenient points of attachments for potential modifiers. The exceptional stability of the quadruplex core provides integrity to the entire structure, which could be used as a building block for nucleic acid-based nanomaterials. As a proof of principle for the design's versatility, we assembled quadruplex-based 1D structures and visualized them using atomic force and transmission electron microscopy. Our findings pave the way to broader utilization of G-quadruplex DNA in structural DNA nanomaterials.
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38
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Orava EW, Jarvik N, Shek YL, Sidhu SS, Gariépy J. A short DNA aptamer that recognizes TNFα and blocks its activity in vitro. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:170-8. [PMID: 23046187 DOI: 10.1021/cb3003557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is a pivotal component of the cytokine network linked to inflammatory diseases. Protein-based, TNFα inhibitors have proven to be clinically valuable. Here, we report the identification of short, single-stranded DNA aptamers that bind specifically to human TNFα. One such 25-base long aptamer, termed VR11, was shown to inhibit TNFα signaling as measured using NF-κB luciferase reporter assays. This aptamer bound specifically to TNFα with a dissociation constant of 7.0 ± 2.1 nM as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and showed no binding to TNFβ. Aptamer VR11 was also able to prevent TNFα-induced apoptosis as well as reduce nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured cells for up to 24 h. As well, VR11, which contains a GC rich region, did not raise an immune response when injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice when compared to a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) control, a known TLR9 ligand. These studies suggest that VR11 may represent a simpler, synthetic scaffold than antibodies or protein domains upon which to derive nonimmunogenic oligonucleotide-based inhibitors of TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W. Orava
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3M2, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue,
Toronto, Ontario M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Nick Jarvik
- Terrence Donnelly Center for
Cellular and Biomolecular Research, and Banting and Best Department
of Medical Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Yuen Lai Shek
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3M2, Canada
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Terrence Donnelly Center for
Cellular and Biomolecular Research, and Banting and Best Department
of Medical Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jean Gariépy
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3M2, Canada
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue,
Toronto, Ontario M4N3M5, Canada
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39
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Morikawa M, Kino K, Oyoshi T, Suzuki M, Kobayashi T, Miyazawa H. Product analysis of photooxidation in isolated quadruplex DNA; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and its oxidation product at 3′-G are formed instead of 2,5-diamino-4H-imidazol-4-one. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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40
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Yu H, Gu X, Nakano SI, Miyoshi D, Sugimoto N. Beads-on-a-string structure of long telomeric DNAs under molecular crowding conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20060-9. [PMID: 22934853 DOI: 10.1021/ja305384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure and stability of long telomeric DNAs, (T(2)AG(3))(n) (n = 4-20), were studied under dilute and molecular crowding conditions in the presence of Na(+) and K(+). Structural analysis showed that the long telomeric DNAs formed intramolecular G-quadruplexes under all conditions. In the presence of Na(+), the telomeric DNAs formed an antiparallel G-quadruplex under both dilute and molecular crowding conditions. However, in the presence of K(+), molecular crowding induced a conformational change from mixed to parallel. These results are consistent with numerous structural studies for G-quadruplex units under molecular crowding conditions. Thermodynamic analysis showed that G-quadruplexes under the molecular crowding conditions were obviously more stable than under dilute condition. Interestingly, this stabilization effect of molecular crowding was reduced for the longer telomeric DNAs, indicating that the G-quadruplex structure of long telomeric DNAs is not as stable under molecular crowding conditions, as implied from the large stabilization of isolated G-quadruplex units as previously reported. Moreover, a hydration study revealed that upon structure folding, the interior of a G-quadruplex unit was dehydrated, whereas the linker between two units was more hydrated. It is thus possible to propose that the linkers between G-quadruplex units are ordered structures but not random coils, which could have an important influence on the stability of the entire structure of long telomeric DNAs. These results are significant to elucidate the biological characteristics of telomeres, and can aid in the rational design of ligands and drugs targeting the telomere and related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Yu
- FIBER (Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatijima-Minatomachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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41
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Aragones JL, Sanz E, Vega C. Solubility of NaCl in water by molecular simulation revisited. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:244508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4728163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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42
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Umehara T, Kitagawa T, Nakazawa Y, Yoshino H, Nemoto R, Tamura K. RNA tetraplex as a primordial peptide synthesis scaffold. Biosystems 2012; 109:145-50. [PMID: 22465151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide bond formation at the peptidyl transferase center on the ribosome is a crucial phenomenon in life systems. In this study, we conceptually propose possible roles of the RNA tetraplex as a scaffold for two aminoacyl minihelices that enable peptide bond formation. The basic rationale of this model is that "parallel" complementary templates composed of only 10-mer nucleotides can position two amino acids in close proximity, which is conceptually and essentially similar to the situation observed in ribosomes. Using supportive experimental data, we discuss the origin and evolution of peptide bond formation in early biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Umehara
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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43
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Wei D, Parkinson GN, Reszka AP, Neidle S. Crystal structure of a c-kit promoter quadruplex reveals the structural role of metal ions and water molecules in maintaining loop conformation. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:4691-700. [PMID: 22287624 PMCID: PMC3378867 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the 1.62 Å crystal structure of an intramolecular quadruplex DNA formed from a sequence in the promoter region of the c-kit gene. This is the first reported crystal structure of a promoter quadruplex and the first observation of localized magnesium ions in a quadruplex structure. The structure reveals that potassium and magnesium ions have an unexpected yet significant structural role in stabilizing particular quadruplex loops and grooves that is distinct from but in addition to the role of potassium ions in the ion channel at the centre of all quadruplex structures. The analysis also shows how ions cluster together with structured water molecules to stabilize the quadruplex arrangement. This particular quadruplex has been previously studied by NMR methods, and the present X-ray structure is in accord with the earlier topology assignment. However, as well as the observations of potassium and magnesium ions, the crystal structure has revealed a highly significant difference in the dimensions of the large cleft in the structure, which is a plausible target for small molecules. This difference can be understood by the stabilizing role of structured water networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengguo Wei
- CRUK Biomolecular Structure Group, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX, London, UK
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44
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Abstract
G-quartets are square planar arrangements of four guanine bases, which can form extraordinarily stable stacks when present in nucleic acid sequences. Such G-quadruplex structures were long regarded as an in vitro phenomenon, but the widespread presence of suitable sequences in genomes and the identification of proteins that stabilize, modify or resolve these nucleic acid structures have provided circumstantial evidence for their physiological relevance. The therapeutic potential of small molecules that can stabilize or disrupt G-quadruplex structures has invigorated the field in recent years. Here we review some of the key observations that support biological functions for G-quadruplex DNA as well as the techniques and tools that have enabled researchers to probe these structures and their interactions with proteins and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Bryan
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
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45
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Yadav D, D. Sheardy R. A single base permutation in any loop of a folded intramolecular quadruplex influences its structure and stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jbpc.2012.34042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Leung KH, Ma VPY, He HZ, Chan DSH, Yang H, Leung CH, Ma DL. A highly selective G-quadruplex-based luminescent switch-on probe for the detection of nanomolar strontium(ii) ions in sea water. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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47
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Schlachter C, Lisdat F, Frohme M, Erdmann VA, Konthur Z, Lehrach H, Glökler J. Pushing the detection limits: the evanescent field in surface plasmon resonance and analyte-induced folding observation of long human telomeric repeats. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 31:571-4. [PMID: 22152989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conventional analysis of molecular interactions by surface plasmon resonance is achieved by the observation of optical density changes due to analyte binding to the ligand on the surface. Low molecular weight interaction partners are normally not detected. However, if a macromolecule such as DNA can extend beyond the evanescent field and analyte interaction results in a large-scale contraction, then the refractive index changes due to the increasing amount of macromolecules close to the surface. In our proof-of-principle experiment we could observe the direct folding of long, human telomeric repeats induced by the small analyte potassium using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. This work demonstrates the feasibility of new evanescent field-based biosensors that can specifically observe small molecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Schlachter
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Xue Y, Liu JQ, Zheng KW, Kan ZY, Hao YH, Tan Z. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control of G-Quadruplex Folding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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49
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Xue Y, Liu JQ, Zheng KW, Kan ZY, Hao YH, Tan Z. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control of G-Quadruplex Folding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8046-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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50
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Pedersen EB, Nielsen JT, Nielsen C, Filichev VV. Enhanced anti-HIV-1 activity of G-quadruplexes comprising locked nucleic acids and intercalating nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:2470-81. [PMID: 21062811 PMCID: PMC3064782 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two G-quadruplex forming sequences, 5'-TGGGAG and the 17-mer sequence T30177, which exhibit anti-HIV-1 activity on cell lines, were modified using either locked nucleic acids (LNA) or via insertions of (R)-1-O-(pyren-1-ylmethyl)glycerol (intercalating nucleic acid, INA) or (R)-1-O-[4-(1-pyrenylethynyl)phenylmethyl]glycerol (twisted intercalating nucleic acid, TINA). Incorporation of LNA or INA/TINA monomers provide as much as 8-fold improvement of anti-HIV-1 activity. We demonstrate for the first time a detailed analysis of the effect the incorporation of INA/TINA monomers in quadruplex forming oligonucleotides (QFOs) and the effect of LNA monomers in the context of biologically active QFOs. In addition, recent literature reports and our own studies on the gel retardation of the phosphodiester analogue of T30177 led to the conclusion that this sequence forms a parallel, dimeric G-quadruplex. Introduction of the 5'-phosphate inhibits dimerisation of this G-quadruplex as a result of negative charge-charge repulsion. Contrary to that, we found that attachment of the 5'-O-DMT-group produced a more active 17-mer sequence that showed signs of aggregation-forming multimeric G-quadruplex species in solution. Many of the antiviral QFOs in the present study formed more thermally stable G-quadruplexes and also high-order G-quadruplex structures which might be responsible for the increased antiviral activity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik B. Pedersen
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Department of Virology, Retrovirus Laboratory, State Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, Private Bag 11-222, New Zealand
| | - Jakob T. Nielsen
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Department of Virology, Retrovirus Laboratory, State Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, Private Bag 11-222, New Zealand
| | - Claus Nielsen
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Department of Virology, Retrovirus Laboratory, State Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, Private Bag 11-222, New Zealand
| | - Vyacheslav V. Filichev
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Department of Virology, Retrovirus Laboratory, State Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, Private Bag 11-222, New Zealand
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