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Structure of the Polysaccharide Secreted by Vibrio alginolyticus CNCM I-5035 (Epidermist 4.0 TM). Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100509. [PMID: 33050246 PMCID: PMC7600630 DOI: 10.3390/md18100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus (CNCM I-5035) secretes an exopolysaccharide used as ingredient in cosmetic industry under the trademark Epidermist 4.0TM. It is appreciated for its ability to improve the physical and chemical barrier functions of the skin by notably increasing the keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal renewal. Composition analyses and in depth characterization of the polysaccharides as well as oligosaccharides obtained by mild acid hydrolyses revealed that it was composed of a repetition unit of three residues: d-galactose (d-Gal), d-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and l-N-acetylguluronic acid, of which 30% (M/M) was acetylated in position 3. The complete structure of the polysaccharide was resolved giving the repetition unit: [→3)-α-d-Gal-(1→4)-α-l-GulNAcA/α-l-3OAc-GulNAcA-(1→4)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→].
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Di Guida R, Casillo A, Corsaro MM. O-specific polysaccharide structure isolated from the LPS of the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas ANT_J38B. Carbohydr Res 2020; 497:108125. [PMID: 32905875 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas ANT_J38B is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from an Antarctic island. LPS was extracted using the phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether method. A mild acid hydrolysis followed by a gel filtration purification afforded the O-chain. The polysaccharide was characterized by means of chemical analyses and NMR spectroscopy. The O-chain displays a disaccharide repeating unit with the following backbone: →4)-α-l-GulpNAc3OAcAN-(1 →3)-β-d-QuipNAc-(1→ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Guida
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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Mubaiwa TD, Semchenko EA, Hartley-Tassell LE, Day CJ, Jennings MP, Seib KL. The sweet side of the pathogenic Neisseria: the role of glycan interactions in colonisation and disease. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:3867065. [PMID: 28633281 PMCID: PMC5808653 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycomics is a rapidly growing field that focuses on the structure and function of carbohydrates (glycans) in biological systems. Glycan interactions play a major role in infectious disease, at all stages of colonisation and disease progression. Neisseria meningitidis, the cause of meningococcal sepsis and meningitis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhoea, are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Neisseria meningitidis displays a range of surface glycosylations including capsule polysaccharide, lipooligosaccharide and O-linked glycoproteins. While N. gonorrhoeae does not have a capsule, it does express both lipooligosaccharide and O-linked glycoproteins. Neisseria gonorrhoeae also has the ability to scavenge host sialic acids, while several N. meningitidis serogroups can synthesise sialic acid. Surface expressed sialic acid is key in serum resistance and survival in the host. On the host side, the pathogenic Neisseria protein adhesins such as Opc and NHBA bind to host glycans for adherence and colonisation of host cells. Essentially, from both the bacterial and host perspective, glycan interactions are fundamental in colonisation and disease of pathogenic Neisseria. The key aspects of glycobiology of the pathogenic Neisseria are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsitsi D. Mubaiwa
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Evgeny A. Semchenko
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Kate L. Seib
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Haji-Ghassemi O, Blackler RJ, Martin Young N, Evans SV. Antibody recognition of carbohydrate epitopes†. Glycobiology 2015; 25:920-52. [PMID: 26033938 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigens are valuable as components of vaccines for bacterial infectious agents and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and for generating immunotherapeutics against cancer. The crystal structures of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in complex with antigen reveal the key features of antigen recognition and provide information that can guide the design of vaccines, particularly synthetic ones. This review summarizes structural features of anti-carbohydrate antibodies to over 20 antigens, based on six categories of glyco-antigen: (i) the glycan shield of HIV glycoproteins; (ii) tumor epitopes; (iii) glycolipids and blood group A antigen; (iv) internal epitopes of bacterial lipopolysaccharides; (v) terminal epitopes on polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, including a group of antibodies to Kdo-containing Chlamydia epitopes; and (vi) linear homopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Haji-Ghassemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 3P6
| | - Ryan J Blackler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 3P6
| | - N Martin Young
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Stephen V Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 3P6
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Harrison OB, Claus H, Jiang Y, Bennett JS, Bratcher HB, Jolley KA, Corton C, Care R, Poolman JT, Zollinger WD, Frasch CE, Stephens DS, Feavers I, Frosch M, Parkhill J, Vogel U, Quail MA, Bentley SD, Maiden MCJ. Description and nomenclature of Neisseria meningitidis capsule locus. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:566-73. [PMID: 23628376 PMCID: PMC3647402 DOI: 10.3201/eid1904.111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis isolates contain a polysaccharide capsule that is the main virulence determinant for this bacterium. Thirteen capsular polysaccharides have been described, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has enabled determination of the structure of capsular polysaccharides responsible for serogroup specificity. Molecular mechanisms involved in N. meningitidis capsule biosynthesis have also been identified, and genes involved in this process and in cell surface translocation are clustered at a single chromosomal locus termed cps. The use of multiple names for some of the genes involved in capsule synthesis, combined with the need for rapid diagnosis of serogroups commonly associated with invasive meningococcal disease, prompted a requirement for a consistent approach to the nomenclature of capsule genes. In this report, a comprehensive description of all N. meningitidis serogroups is provided, along with a proposed nomenclature, which was presented at the 2012 XVIIIth International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference.
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Kondakova AN, Novototskaya-Vlasova KA, Drutskaya MS, Senchenkova SN, Shcherbakova VA, Shashkov AS, Gilichinsky DA, Nedospasov SA, Knirel YA. Structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide of Psychrobacter muricolla 2pST isolated from overcooled water brines within permafrost. Carbohydr Res 2012; 349:78-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Codée JDC, Walvoort MTC, de Jong AR, Lodder G, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA. Mannuronic Acids: Reactivity and Selectivity. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.624284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D. C. Codée
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Marthe T. C. Walvoort
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Ana-Rae de Jong
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Lodder
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
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Tietze LF, Schmuck K, Schuster HJ, Müller M, Schuberth I. Synthesis and biological evaluation of prodrugs based on the natural antibiotic duocarmycin for use in ADEPT and PMT. Chemistry 2011; 17:1922-9. [PMID: 21274943 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy of malign tumors is usually associated with serious side effects as common anticancer drugs lack selectivity. An approach to deal with this problem is the antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) and the prodrug monotherapy (PMT). Herein, the synthesis and biological evaluation of new glycosidic prodrugs suitable for both concepts are described. All prodrugs but one are stable in human serum and show QIC(50) values (IC(50) of prodrug/IC(50) of prodrug in the presence of the appropriate glycohydrolase) of up to 6500. This is the best value found so far for compounds interacting with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz F Tietze
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Walvoort MTC, Lodder G, Overkleeft HS, Codée JDC, van der Marel GA. Mannosazide Methyl Uronate Donors. Glycosylating Properties and Use in the Construction of β-ManNAcA-Containing Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7990-8002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101779v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T. C. Walvoort
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Lodder
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Fusco PC, Farley EK, Huang CH, Moore S, Michon F. Protective meningococcal capsular polysaccharide epitopes and the role of O acetylation. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 14:577-84. [PMID: 17376859 PMCID: PMC1865638 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00009-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies with group C meningococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (GCMP-TT) conjugates had suggested that the GCMP O-acetyl group masked the protective epitope for group C meningococci through steric hindrance or altered conformations. For this report, we confirmed this phenomenon and performed comparative studies with group Y meningococcal polysaccharide (GYMP)-TT to determine whether it might extend to other serogroups. The de-O-acetylated (dOA) polysaccharides (PSs) resulted in higher serum bactericidal activities (SBA) towards the O-acetylated (OA) meningococcal strains from the respective serogroups. High-resolution H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 500 MHz and competitive inhibition serum bactericidal assays were used to characterize the nature of the protective epitope. In head-to-head comparisons with OA PSs as SBA inhibitors, the dOA PSs provided 10 to 1,000 times better inhibition for GCMP in human and mouse antisera and 6 to 13 times better inhibition for GYMP in mouse antisera, using OA strains in all assays. In addition, the SBA for OA strains was highly correlated with dOA PS-specific immunoglobulin G (r=0.72 to 0.98) for both GCMP and GYMP. The results suggest that there may be a generalized role for the O-acetyl group to provide an epitope of misdirected immunogenicity for meningococcal PS capsules, enabling escape from immune surveillance. In addition to greater chemical consistency, the dOA forms of GCMP and GYMP conjugate vaccines endow greater immunologic competence to the PSs, rendering them capable of eliciting higher levels of functional antibodies toward the protective epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Fusco
- BioVeris Corporation, 16020 Industrial Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.
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11
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Nazarenko EL, Komandrova NA, Gorshkova RP, Tomshich SV, Zubkov VA, Kilcoyne M, Savage AV. Structures of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of some Gram-negative marine Proteobacteria. Carbohydr Res 2004; 338:2449-57. [PMID: 14670708 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemical structures of polysaccharides and LPS core oligosaccharides, isolated from various Gram-negative marine bacteria from the genera Pseudoalteromonas and Shewanella belonging to the Alteromonadaceae family and gamma-subclass of Proteobacteria, are reviewed. The polysaccharides are distinguished by the acidic character (e.g., due to the presence of hexuronic and aldulosonic acids and their derivatives) and the occurrence of unusual sugars, including N-acyl derivatives of 6-deoxyamino sugars, such as N-acetyl-D-quinovosamine, N-acetyl-L-fucosamine and N-acetyl-6-deoxy-L-talosamine, and higher sugars like 2,6-dideoxy-2-acetamido-4-C-(3'-carboxamide-2',2'-dihydroxypropyl)-D-galactopyranose (shewanellose). Many constituent sugars have various uncommon non-sugar substituents, such as alanine, formic, lactic and hydroxybutyric acids, sulfate, phosphate, and 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny L Nazarenko
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
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Kilcoyne M, Perepelov AV, Tomshich SV, Komandrova NA, Shashkov AS, Romanenko LA, Knirel YA, Savage AV. Structure of the O-polysaccharide of Idiomarina zobellii KMM 231T containing two unusual amino sugars with the free amino group, 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-l-guluronic acid. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:477-82. [PMID: 15013384 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Revised: 11/28/2003] [Accepted: 11/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of the bacterium Idiomarina zobellii, type strain KMM 231T, with aq 2% HOAc at 100 degrees C, yielded an oligosaccharide, which represents one repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide. A polysaccharide was obtained by mild base degradation of the lipopolysaccharide. The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the oligosaccharide and base-degraded lipopolysaccharide, including COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, 1H, 13C HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY and HMBC experiments: [-->3)-alpha-D-Quip4N-(1-->4)-alpha-D-GlcpA-(1-->6)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->4)-alpha-L-GulpNA-(1-->3)-beta-D-FucpNAc-(1-->] The O-polysaccharide is distinguished by the presence of two unusual amino sugars, 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (D-Qui4N) and 2-amino-2-deoxy-L-guluronic acid (L-GulNA), both having the free amino group. The unexpectedly high acid lability of the glycosidic linkage of 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-galactose (D-FucNAc) could be associated with the presence of a free amino group adjacent to the site of attachment of FucNAc to Qui4N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kilcoyne
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Andersen SR, Guthrie T, Guile GR, Kolberg J, Hou S, Hyland L, Wong SYC. Cross-reactive polyclonal antibodies to the inner core of lipopolysaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis. Infect Immun 2002; 70:1293-300. [PMID: 11854213 PMCID: PMC127742 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.3.1293-1300.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sera from mice immunized with native or detergent-extracted outer membrane vesicles derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutant 44/76(Mu-4) of Neisseria meningitidis were analyzed for antibodies to LPS. The carbohydrate portion of 44/76(Mu-4) LPS consists of the complete inner core, Glc beta 1-->4[GlcNAc alpha 1-->2Hep alpha 1-->3]Hep alpha 1-->5KDO[4-->2 alpha KDO]. Immunoblot analysis revealed that some sera contained antibodies to wild-type LPS which has a fully extended carbohydrate chain of immunotype L3,7, as well as to the homologous LPS. Sera reacted only weakly to LPS from 44/76(Mu-3), which lacks the terminal glucose of the inner core. No binding to more truncated LPS was observed. Consequently, the cross-reactive epitopes are expressed mainly by the complete inner core. Dephosphorylation of wild-type LPS abolished antibody binding to LPS in all but one serum. Thus, at least two specificities of cross-reactive antibodies exist: one is dependent on phosphoethanolamine groups in LPS, and one is not. Detection of these cross-reactive antibodies strongly supports the notion that epitopes expressed by meningococcal LPS inner core are also accessible to antibodies when the carbohydrate chain is fully extended. Also, these inner core epitopes are sufficiently immunogenic to induce antibody levels detectable in polyclonal antibody responses. Meningococci can escape being killed by antibodies to LPS that bind only to a specific LPS variant, by altering the carbohydrate chain length. Cross-reactive antibodies may prevent such escape. Therefore, inner core LPS structures may be important antigens in future vaccines against meningococcal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein Rune Andersen
- The Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, United Kingdom.
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Pantophlet R, Haseley SR, Vinogradov EV, Brade L, Holst O, Brade H. Chemical and antigenic structure of the O-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharides from two Acinetobacter haemolyticus strains differing only in the anomeric configuration of one glycosyl residue in their O-antigens. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 263:587-95. [PMID: 10406970 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study [Pantophlet, R., Brade, L., Dijkshoorn, L., and Brade, H. (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 1245-1250] the O-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Acinetobacter haemolyticus strains 57 and 61 exhibited indistinguishable banding-patterns following Western blot and immunostaining with homologous or heterologous rabbit antiserum. In this report, the molecular basis for the observed cross-reactivity was elucidated, by determining the chemical structure of the polysaccharides by compositional analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The structures are: [sequence: see text] for strain 61 [GulpNAcA, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-gulopyranosyluronic acid; ManpNAcA, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-mannopyranosyluronic acid; QuipN4N, 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-glucopyranose; acyl (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl], thus, differing only in the anomeric configuration of the QuipN4N residue. The antigenic structures were determined by generating murine monoclonal antibodies, which were characterized by Western blot using LPS as antigen, by ELISA using LPS and de-O-acylated LPS as solid-phase antigens, and by ELISA inhibition studies using LPS, polysaccharide, and de-O-acylated LPS as inhibitors. Of the four antibodies selected, two were specific for the respective LPS moieties and two were cross-reactive. All antibodies were found to require the presence of the O-acetyl group for reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pantophlet
- Division of Medical and Biochemical Microbiology, Research Centre Borstel, Centre for Medicine and Biosciences, Germany
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Vinogradov EV, Pantophlet R, Haseley SR, Brade L, Holst O, Brade H. Structural and serological characterisation of the O-specific polysaccharide from lipopolysaccharide of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain 7 (DNA group 1). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 243:167-73. [PMID: 9030736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.0167a.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
S-form lipopolysaccharide was isolated by phenol/water extraction from a strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (DNA group 1 ). The structure of the O-antigenic polysaccharide was determined by compositional analysis and NMR spectroscopy of the de-O-acylated lipopolysaccharide. The isolated polysaccharide obtained after hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide in 0.01 M trifluoroacetic acid has the following structure: [STRUCTURE IN TEXT] in which Pyr is pyruvate. The O-acetyl substitution of D-Gal was non-stoichiometric. The O-antigen was specifically recognised in western blots by polyclonal rabbit antisera.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Vinogradov
- Division of Biochemical Microbiology, Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Research Center Borstel, Germany
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Gilleron M, Venisse A, Rivière M, Servin P, Puzo G. Carbohydrate epitope structural elucidation by 1H-NMR spectroscopy of a new Mycobacterium kansasii phenolic glycolipid antigen. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 193:449-57. [PMID: 1699759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The complete primary structure of the carbohydrate moiety of a new phenolic glycolipid antigen namely PheGl K-IV from Mycobacterium kansasii was successfully established from only one- and two-dimensional 1H-NMR data. Among the scalar two-dimensional techniques, correlated spectroscopy with a 45 degree mixing pulse and phase-sensitive double-quantum-filtered correlated spectroscopy were selected, combined with two-dimensional dipolar techniques (nuclear Overhauser effect). These techniques using milligram of quantities native PheGl K-IV allowed the following monoacetylated tetrasaccharide to be proposed for its carbohydrate part: 4-O-Me-alpha-Manp-(1----3)-4-O-Ac-2-O-Me-alpha-Fucp-(1----3) -2-O-Me-alpha-Rhap- (1----3)-2,4-di-O-Me-alpha-Rhap. The PheGl K-IV shares, with the other phenolic glycolipids isolated from M. kansasii (K-I, K-II), a common core assigned to the lipid aglycone glycosylated by the monoacetylated trisaccharide part. It differs in the structure of the distal monosaccharide residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gilleron
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
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Dabrowski U, Dabrowski J, Helling F, Wiegandt H. Novel phosphorus-containing glycosphingolipids from the blowfly Calliphora vicina Meigen. Structural analysis by 1H and 1H[31P]-edited NMR spectroscopy at 600 and 500 megahertz. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jennings
- Division of Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lindberg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Sweden
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Keltjens JT, Kraft HJ, Damen WG, van der Drift C, Vogels GD. Stimulation of the methylcoenzyme M reduction by uridine-5'-diphospho-sugars in cell-free extracts of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (strain delta H). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 184:395-403. [PMID: 2507320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen-dependent reduction of methylcoenzyme M catalyzed by coenzyme-depleted cell-free extracts of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was stimulated by micromolar concentrations of a UDP-disaccharide present in the organism. The compound was isolated and identified as UDP-1-O-alpha-D-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucopyranose (UDPGlcpNAc) glycosidically linked to 2-acetamido-2-deoxymannopyranosyluronic acid. Maximal stimulation was observed when both the UDP-disaccharide and mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate were present in the reaction mixtures. The UDP derivative isolated was not specific in its action: other UDP-sugars tested in micromolar concentrations stimulated the methylcoenzyme M reduction to the same extent. The activated sugars presumably substitute for ATP, which is usually required in much higher concentrations to activate the methylcoenzyme M reductase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Keltjens
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Knirel YA, Vinogradov EV, Mort AJ. Application of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for the structural analysis of polysaccharides. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1989; 47:167-202. [PMID: 2688374 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow
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Berman E, Dabrowski U, Dabrowski J. A two-dimensional 1H-n.m.r. (500 MHz) and 13C-n.m.r. (125 MHz) study of N-linked glycopeptides derived from calf fetuin. Carbohydr Res 1988; 176:1-15. [PMID: 2456855 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)84053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The oligosaccharide part of an N-linked triantennary glycopeptide from calf fetuin with fourteen carbohydrate residues and its smaller derivatives obtained by successive enzymic cleavage of the terminal residues were investigated using 2D 1H-n.m.r. (500 MHz) and 13C-n.m.r. (125 MHz) spectroscopy. Assignments have been made of the resonances of almost all the protons of the constituent carbohydrate residues in these glycopeptides. A comparison of the 1H chemical shifts and coupling constants, as determined from the cross-peaks, has shown the dependence of these parameters on the interactions of spatially related neighbouring carbohydrates. Small conformational changes take place upon elongation of the oligosaccharide side-chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, F.R.G
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Jennings HJ. Chemically modified capsular polysaccharides as vaccines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1988; 228:495-550. [PMID: 2459932 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Capsular polysaccharides have assumed an important role as vaccines against disease caused by bacteria in humans. The concept of using pure definable polysaccharides devoid of their accompanying complex bacterial mass is technically elegant and is obviously capable of extension into other areas of immunoprophylaxis. However, problems have been identified which will need to be solved in order that the concept may be more widely adopted. Focusing on the meningococcal polysaccharides, possible solutions to two of these important problems, namely, the poor immunogenicity of the A and C polysaccharides in infants, and the poor immunogenicity of the B polysaccharide in all humans, are proposed. These solutions involve the use of a new generation of artificial synthetic antigens for modulating the immune response. For instance, conjugation of the A and C polysaccharides to tetanus toxoid converted them to T-cell dependent antigens in mice, thus making these conjugates potential infant vaccine candidates. Although a similar conjugation of the B polysaccharide failed to substantially enhance its immunogenicity in mice, this could be achieved by further chemical manipulation of the basic structure of the B polysaccharide. N-propionylation of the B polysaccharide, followed by its conjugation to tetanus toxoid, yielded an antigen, which when injected in mice, induced in them high titers of cross-reactive B polysaccharide-specific IgG antibodies. The chemical modification of polysaccharides requires an understanding of the interrelation between their structures and immunospecificities, and the structural elucidation of polysaccharides and the resultant monitoring of their structural modifications, can be conveniently accomplished using a wide range of NMR spectroscopic techniques. The capsular polysaccharides of many of the bacteria which cause meningitis in humans contain sialic acid and have extensive structural homology with human tissue. As a result of this homology the immunospecificities of these polysaccharides are complex, being based on unconventional conformational determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jennings
- Division of Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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Annison G, Dutton GG, Altman E. Structure of the capsular polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O9:K32(A):H19. Carbohydr Res 1987; 168:89-102. [PMID: 3322556 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(87)80009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The capsular polysaccharide of the bacterium Escherichia coli O9:K32(A):H19 was analyzed using chemical methods (hydrolysis, sequential Smith degradation, methylation analysis) together with 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. 13C-N.m.r. spectroscopy and chemical analyses indicated that the K32 polysaccharide is composed of equimolar proportions of glucose, galactose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid, and carries O-acetyl groups. 1H-N.m.r. analysis of native K32 polysaccharide revealed five resonances in the anomeric region (delta 5.52, 5.16, 5.12, 5.02, and 4.73) and the presence of an acetyl group (delta 2.18). O-Deacetylation of the polysaccharide resulted in the loss of the resonance at delta 2.18 and one of the resonances (delta 5.52) in the anomeric region. The "extra" anomeric resonance in the 1H-n.m.r. spectrum of the native K32 polymer was assigned to H-2 of rhamnose, which experiences a large downfield shift when the 2-position is O-acetylated. This was confirmed by a 2D-COSY n.m.r. experiment and studies of model compounds. The K32 capsular polysaccharide is of the "2 + 2" type, comprised of the following repeating unit: (sequence; see text) This structure is identical to that of Klebsiella K55 capsular polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Annison
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Knirel YA, Paramonov NA, Vinogradov EV, Shashkov AS, Dmitriev BA, Kochetkov NK, Kholodkova EV, Stanislavsky ES. Somatic antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The structure of O-specific polysaccharide chains of lipopolysaccharides of P. aeruginosa O3 (Lányi), O25 (Wokatsch) and Fisher immunotypes 3 and 7. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 167:549-61. [PMID: 3115777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
O-specific polysaccharides, obtained on mild acid degradation of lipopolysacchrides of the serologically related strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa O3 (Lányi classification), O25 (Wokatsch classification) and immunotypes 3 and 7 (Fisher classification), are built up of trisaccharide repeating units involving 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-galactose (N-acetyl-D-fucosamine), 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-mannuronic acid or 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-L-guluronic acid and 3-acetamidino-2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-mannuronic acid or 3-acetamidino-2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-L-guluronic acid. Lányi O3(a),3d,3f and Wokatsch O25 polysaccharides contain also O-acetyl groups. On the basis of solvolysis with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, resulting in trisaccharide fragments with N-acetylfucosamine residue at the reducing terminus, chemical modifications of the acetamidino group (alkaline hydrolysis to the acetamido group or reductive deamination to the ethylamino group), as well as analysis by 1H-NMR (including nuclear Overhauser effect experiments) and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry, it was concluded that the repeating units of the polysaccharides have the following structures: (Formula: see text) where HexNAcAmA = alpha-L-GulNAcAmA (approximately 70%) or beta-D-ManNacAMA (approximately 30%). Lányi O3(a),3d,3f polysaccharide involves two types of repeating units, which differ from each other only in the configuration at C-5 of the 3-acetamidino-2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxyuronic acid residue. Lányi O3(a),3c,O3a,3d,3e and Fisher immunotypes 3 and 7 polysaccharides contain, together with the major repeating units shown above, a small proportion of units in which the derivative of alpha-L-guluronic acid is replaced by the corresponding beta-D-manno isomer. The data obtained provide the opportunity to substantiate the serological interrelations between these strains of P. aeruginosa by the presence in the O-specific polysaccharides of common monosaccharides or disaccharide fragments. The distinctions between them stem from the presence or absence of the O-acetyl group, a different configuration of the glycosidic linkage of the N-acetylfucosamine residue and/or a different configuration at C-5 of one or both derivatives of diaminouronic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow
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