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Jahangirnezhad M, Mahmoudinezhad SS, Moradi M, Moradi K, Rohani A, Tayebi L. Bone Scaffold Materials in Periodontal and Tooth-supporting Tissue Regeneration: A Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:449-460. [PMID: 36578254 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666221227142055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Periodontium is an important tooth-supporting tissue composed of both hard (alveolar bone and cementum) and soft (gingival and periodontal ligament) sections. Due to the multi-tissue architecture of periodontium, reconstruction of each part can be influenced by others. This review focuses on the bone section of the periodontium and presents the materials used in tissue engineering scaffolds for its reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following databases (2015 to 2021) were electronically searched: ProQuest, EMBASE, SciFinder, MRS Online Proceedings Library, Medline, and Compendex. The search was limited to English-language publications and in vivo studies. RESULTS Eighty-three articles were found in primary searching. After applying the inclusion criteria, seventeen articles were incorporated into this study. CONCLUSION In complex periodontal defects, various types of scaffolds, including multilayered ones, have been used for the functional reconstruction of different parts of periodontium. While there are some multilayered scaffolds designed to regenerate alveolar bone/periodontal ligament/cementum tissues of periodontium in a hierarchically organized construct, no scaffold could so far consider all four tissues involved in a complete periodontal defect. The progress and material considerations in the regeneration of the bony part of periodontium are presented in this work to help investigators develop tissue engineering scaffolds suitable for complete periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Jahangirnezhad
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sadaf Sadat Mahmoudinezhad
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Melika Moradi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kooshan Moradi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Rohani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
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Koessinger D, Novo D, Koessinger A, Campos A, Peters J, Dutton L, Paschke P, Zerbst D, Moore M, Mitchell L, Neilson M, Stevenson K, Chalmers A, Tait S, Birch J, Norman J. Glioblastoma extracellular vesicles influence glial cell hyaluronic acid deposition to promote invasiveness. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad067. [PMID: 37334166 PMCID: PMC10276538 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infiltration of glioblastoma (GBM) throughout the brain leads to its inevitable recurrence following standard-of-care treatments, such as surgical resection, chemo-, and radiotherapy. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms invoked by GBM to infiltrate the brain is needed to develop approaches to contain the disease and reduce recurrence. The aim of this study was to discover mechanisms through which extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by GBM influence the brain microenvironment to facilitate infiltration, and to determine how altered extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by glial cells might contribute to this. Methods CRISPR was used to delete genes, previously established to drive carcinoma invasiveness and EV production, from patient-derived primary and GBM cell lines. We purified and characterized EVs released by these cells, assessed their capacity to foster pro-migratory microenvironments in mouse brain slices, and evaluated the contribution made by astrocyte-derived ECM to this. Finally, we determined how CRISPR-mediated deletion of genes, which we had found to control EV-mediated communication between GBM cells and astrocytes, influenced GBM infiltration when orthotopically injected into CD1-nude mice. Results GBM cells expressing a p53 mutant (p53R273H) with established pro-invasive gain-of-function release EVs containing a sialomucin, podocalyxin (PODXL), which encourages astrocytes to deposit ECM with increased levels of hyaluronic acid (HA). This HA-rich ECM, in turn, promotes migration of GBM cells. Consistently, CRISPR-mediated deletion of PODXL opposes infiltration of GBM in vivo. Conclusions This work describes several key components of an EV-mediated mechanism though which GBM cells educate astrocytes to support infiltration of the surrounding healthy brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Koessinger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Novo
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Koessinger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Louise Dutton
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Désirée Zerbst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanna Birch
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jim Norman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Message in a Scaffold: Natural Biomaterials for Three-Dimensional (3D) Bioprinting of Human Brain Organoids. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010025. [PMID: 36671410 PMCID: PMC9855696 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids are invaluable tools for pathophysiological studies or drug screening, but there are still challenges to overcome in making them more reproducible and relevant. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of human neural organoids is an emerging approach that may overcome the limitations of self-organized organoids. It requires the development of optimal hydrogels, and a wealth of research has improved our knowledge about biomaterials both in terms of their intrinsic properties and their relevance on 3D culture of brain cells and tissue. Although biomaterials are rarely biologically neutral, few articles have reviewed their roles on neural cells. We here review the current knowledge on unmodified biomaterials amenable to support 3D bioprinting of neural organoids with a particular interest in their impact on cell homeostasis. Alginate is a particularly suitable bioink base for cell encapsulation. Gelatine is a valuable helper agent for 3D bioprinting due to its viscosity. Collagen, fibrin, hyaluronic acid and laminin provide biological support to adhesion, motility, differentiation or synaptogenesis and optimize the 3D culture of neural cells. Optimization of specialized hydrogels to direct differentiation of stem cells together with an increased resolution in phenotype analysis will further extend the spectrum of possible bioprinted brain disease models.
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Michalczyk M, Humeniuk E, Adamczuk G, Korga-Plewko A. Hyaluronic Acid as a Modern Approach in Anticancer Therapy-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010103. [PMID: 36613567 PMCID: PMC9820514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide and crucial component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), maintaining tissue hydration and tension. Moreover, HA contributes to embryonic development, healing, inflammation, and cancerogenesis. This review summarizes new research on the metabolism and interactions of HA with its binding proteins, known as hyaladherins (CD44, RHAMM), revealing the molecular basis for its distinct biological function in the development of cancer. The presence of HA on the surface of tumor cells is a sign of an adverse prognosis. The involvement of HA in malignancy has been extensively investigated using cancer-free naked mole rats as a model. The HA metabolic components are examined for their potential impact on promoting or inhibiting tumor formation, proliferation, invasion, and metastatic spread. High molecular weight HA is associated with homeostasis and protective action due to its ability to preserve tissue integrity. In contrast, low molecular weight HA indicates a pathological condition in the tissue and plays a role in pro-oncogenic activity. A systematic approach might uncover processes related to cancer growth, establish novel prognostic indicators, and identify potential targets for treatment action.
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5
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Pintér P, Alpár A. The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911085. [PMID: 36232390 PMCID: PMC9569603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dense neuropil of the central nervous system leaves only limited space for extracellular substances free. The advent of immunohistochemistry, soon followed by advanced diagnostic tools, enabled us to explore the biochemical heterogeneity and compartmentalization of the brain extracellular matrix in exploratory and clinical research alike. The composition of the extracellular matrix is critical to shape neuronal function; changes in its assembly trigger or reflect brain/spinal cord malfunction. In this study, we focus on extracellular matrix changes in neurodegenerative disorders. We summarize its phenotypic appearance and biochemical characteristics, as well as the major enzymes which regulate and remodel matrix establishment in disease. The specifically built basement membrane of the central nervous system, perineuronal nets and perisynaptic axonal coats can protect neurons from toxic agents, and biochemical analysis revealed how the individual glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan components interact with these molecules. Depending on the site, type and progress of the disease, select matrix components can either proactively trigger the formation of disease-specific harmful products, or reactively accumulate, likely to reduce tissue breakdown and neuronal loss. We review the diagnostic use and the increasing importance of medical screening of extracellular matrix components, especially enzymes, which informs us about disease status and, better yet, allows us to forecast illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panka Pintér
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alán Alpár
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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MacLeod R, Chan FV, Yuan H, Ye X, Sin YJA, Vitelli TM, Cucu T, Leung A, Baljak I, Osinski S, Fu Y, Jung GID, Amar A, DeAngelis PL, Hellman U, Cowman MK. Selective isolation of hyaluronan by solid phase adsorption to silica. Anal Biochem 2022; 652:114769. [PMID: 35660507 PMCID: PMC9589902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A solid phase adsorption method for selective isolation of hyaluronan (HA) from biological samples is presented. Following enzymatic degradation of protein, HA can be separated from sulfated glycosaminoglycans, other unsulfated glycosaminoglycans, nucleic acids, and proteolytic fragments by adsorption to amorphous silica at specific salt concentrations. The adsorbed HA can be released from silica using neutral and basic aqueous solutions. HA ranging in size from ∼9 kDa to MDa polymers has been purified by this method from human serum and conditioned medium of cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca MacLeod
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Fok Vun Chan
- Echelon Biosciences Inc., 675 Arapeen Drive, Suite 302, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Han Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Yun Jin Ashley Sin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Teraesa M Vitelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Tudor Cucu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Annie Leung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Irene Baljak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Samantha Osinski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Yuhong Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Gyu Ik Daniel Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Anant Amar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Urban Hellman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
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7
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Rivas F, Erxleben D, Smith I, Rahbar E, DeAngelis PL, Cowman MK, Hall AR. Methods for isolating and analyzing physiological hyaluronan: a review. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C674-C687. [PMID: 35196167 PMCID: PMC8977137 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate hyaluronan (or hyaluronic acid, HA) is found in all human tissues and biofluids where it has wide-ranging functions in health and disease that are dictated by both its abundance and size. Consequently, hyaluronan evaluation in physiological samples has significant translational potential. Although the analytical tools and techniques for probing other biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids have become standard approaches in biochemistry, those available for investigating hyaluronan are less well established. In this review, we survey methods related to the assessment of native hyaluronan in biological specimens, including protocols for separating it from biological matrices and technologies for determining its concentration and molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rivas
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Dorothea Erxleben
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ian Smith
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, New York
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adam R Hall
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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8
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Zakusilo FT, Kerry O’Banion M, Gelbard HA, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Matters of size: Roles of hyaluronan in CNS aging and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101485. [PMID: 34634492 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in aging and age-related neurodegeneration is not well understood. The role of hyaluronan (HA), a major extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, in malignancy and inflammation is gaining new understanding. In particular, the differential biological effects of high molecular weight (HMW-HA) and low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA), and the mechanism behind such differences are being uncovered. Tightly regulated in the brain, HA can have diverse effects on cellular development, growth and degeneration. In this review, we summarize the homeostasis and signaling of HA in healthy tissue, discuss its distribution and ontogeny in the central nervous system (CNS), summarize evidence for its involvement in age-related neurodegeneration and Alzheimer Disease (AD), and assess the potential of HA as a therapeutic target in the CNS.
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Roth JG, Huang MS, Li TL, Feig VR, Jiang Y, Cui B, Greely HT, Bao Z, Paşca SP, Heilshorn SC. Advancing models of neural development with biomaterials. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:593-615. [PMID: 34376834 PMCID: PMC8612873 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a promising in vitro model system for studying the brain. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture paradigms have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, but they remain limited in their capacity to model certain features of human neural development. Specifically, current models do not efficiently incorporate extracellular matrix-derived biochemical and biophysical cues, facilitate multicellular spatio-temporal patterning, or achieve advanced functional maturation. Engineered biomaterials have the capacity to create increasingly biomimetic neural microenvironments, yet further refinement is needed before these approaches are widely implemented. This Review therefore highlights how continued progression and increased integration of engineered biomaterials may be well poised to address intractable challenges in recapitulating human neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien G Roth
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle S Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas L Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vivian R Feig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henry T Greely
- Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sergiu P Paşca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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10
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Ruiz IM, Vilariño-Feltrer G, Mnatsakanyan H, Vallés-Lluch A, Monleón Pradas M. Development and evaluation of hyaluronan nanocomposite conduits for neural tissue regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:2227-2245. [PMID: 34396936 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1963930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan-based hydrogels are among the most promising neural tissue engineering materials because of their biocompatibility and the immunomodulation capabilities of their degradation byproducts. Despite these features, the problems related to their handling and mechanical properties have not yet been solved. In the present work it is proposed to address these drawbacks through the development of nanohybrid materials in which different nanometric phases (carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles) are embedded in a crosslinked hyaluronan matrix. These nanohybrid matrices were next processed in the shape of cylindrical conduits aimed at promoting and improving neural stem cell differentiation and regeneration in neural tracts. These constructs could be of use specifically for peripheral nerve regeneration. Results of the study show that the inclusion of the different phases improved physico-chemical features of the gel such as its relative electrical permittivity, water intake and elastic modulus, giving hints on how the nanometric phase interacts with hyaluronan in the composite as well as for their potential in combined therapeutic approaches. Regarding the in vitro biological behavior of the hybrid tubular scaffolds, an improved early cell adhesion and survival of Schwann cells in their lumen was found, as compared to conduits made of pure hyaluronan gels. Furthermore, the differentiation and survival of neural precursors was not compromised, despite alleged safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Mullor Ruiz
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, London, UK
| | | | - Hayk Mnatsakanyan
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Ana Vallés-Lluch
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.,Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, València, Spain
| | - Manuel Monleón Pradas
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.,Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, València, Spain
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11
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Miyata S. Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix during Brain Development and Aging. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2021. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2003.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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12
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Miyata S. Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix during Brain Development and Aging. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2021. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2003.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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13
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Multilayer modelling of the human transcriptome and biological mechanisms of complex diseases and traits. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 34045472 PMCID: PMC8160250 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we performed a comprehensive intra-tissue and inter-tissue multilayer network analysis of the human transcriptome. We generated an atlas of communities in gene co-expression networks in 49 tissues (GTEx v8), evaluated their tissue specificity, and investigated their methodological implications. UMAP embeddings of gene expression from the communities (representing nearly 18% of all genes) robustly identified biologically-meaningful clusters. Notably, new gene expression data can be embedded into our algorithmically derived models to accelerate discoveries in high-dimensional molecular datasets and downstream diagnostic or prognostic applications. We demonstrate the generalisability of our approach through systematic testing in external genomic and transcriptomic datasets. Methodologically, prioritisation of the communities in a transcriptome-wide association study of the biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) in 361,194 individuals in the UK Biobank identified genetically-determined expression changes associated with CRP and led to considerably improved performance. Furthermore, a deep learning framework applied to the communities in nearly 11,000 tumors profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas across 33 different cancer types learned biologically-meaningful latent spaces, representing metastasis (p < 2.2 × 10−16) and stemness (p < 2.2 × 10−16). Our study provides a rich genomic resource to catalyse research into inter-tissue regulatory mechanisms, and their downstream consequences on human disease.
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McKenna M, Shackelford D, Ferreira Pontes H, Ball B, Nance E. Multiple Particle Tracking Detects Changes in Brain Extracellular Matrix and Predicts Neurodevelopmental Age. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8559-8573. [PMID: 33969999 PMCID: PMC8281364 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain extracellular matrix (ECM) structure mediates many aspects of neural development and function. Probing structural changes in brain ECM could thus provide insights into mechanisms of neurodevelopment, the loss of neural function in response to injury, and the detrimental effects of pathological aging and neurological disease. We demonstrate the ability to probe changes in brain ECM microstructure using multiple particle tracking (MPT). We performed MPT of colloidally stable polystyrene nanoparticles in organotypic rat brain slices collected from rats aged 14-70 days old. Our analysis revealed an inverse relationship between nanoparticle diffusive ability in the brain extracellular space and age. Additionally, the distribution of effective ECM pore sizes in the cortex shifted to smaller pores throughout development. We used the raw data and features extracted from nanoparticle trajectories to train a boosted decision tree capable of predicting chronological age with high accuracy. Collectively, this work demonstrates the utility of combining MPT with machine learning for measuring changes in brain ECM structure and predicting associated complex features such as chronological age. This will enable further understanding of the roles brain ECM play in development and aging and the specific mechanisms through which injuries cause aberrant neuronal function. Additionally, this approach has the potential to develop machine learning models capable of detecting the presence of injury or indicating the extent of injury based on changes in the brain microenvironment microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McKenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David Shackelford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hugo Ferreira Pontes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Brendan Ball
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Shahi M, Mohammadnejad D, Karimipour M, Rahbarghazi R, Abedelahi A. Evaluation of the Effect of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Biomaterial Enriched With Tenascin-C on the Behavior of the Neural Stem Cells. Int J Toxicol 2021; 40:218-225. [PMID: 33813947 DOI: 10.1177/10915818211002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important natural extracellular constituents is hyaluronic acid (HA) with the potential to develop a highly organized microenvironment. In the present study, we enriched HA hydrogel with tenascin-C (TN-C) and examined the viability and survival of mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) using different biological assays. Following NSCs isolation and expansion, their phenotype was identified using flow cytometry analysis. Cell survival was measured using MTT assay and DAPI staining after exposure to various concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 nM TN-C. Using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, we measured the number of live and necrotic cells after exposure to the combination of HA and TN-C. MTT assay revealed the highest NSCs viability rate in the group exposed to 100 nM TN-C compared to other groups, and a combination of 1% HA + 100 nM TN-C increased the viability of NSCs compared to the HA group after 24 hours. Electron scanning microscopy revealed the higher attachment of these cells to the HA + 100 nM TN-C substrate relative to the HA substrate. Epifluorescence imaging and DAPI staining of loaded cells on HA + 100 nM TN-C substrate significantly increased the number of NSCs per field over 72 hours compared to the HA group (P < 0.05). Live and dead assay revealed that the number of live NSCs significantly increased in the HA + 100 TN-C group compared to HA and control groups. The enrichment of HA substrate with TN-C promoted viability and survival of NSCs and could be applied in neural tissue engineering approaches and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahi
- Stem Cell Research Center, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daruosh Mohammadnejad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Stem Cell Research Center, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Ucar B. Natural biomaterials in brain repair: A focus on collagen. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105033. [PMID: 33785419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials derived from natural resources have increasingly been used for versatile applications in the central nervous system (CNS). Thanks to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural biomaterials offer vast possibilities for future clinical repair strategies for the CNS. These materials can be used for diverse applications such as hydrogels to fill the tissue cavities, microparticles to deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier, and scaffolds to transplant stem cells. In this review, various uses of prominent protein and polysaccharide biomaterials, with a special focus on collagen, in repair and regenerative applications for the brain are summarized together with their individual advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Ucar
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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17
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Pepi LE, Sanderson P, Stickney M, Amster IJ. Developments in Mass Spectrometry for Glycosaminoglycan Analysis: A Review. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100025. [PMID: 32938749 PMCID: PMC8724624 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers recent developments in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analysis via mass spectrometry (MS). GAGs participate in a variety of biological functions, including cellular communication, wound healing, and anticoagulation, and are important targets for structural characterization. GAGs exhibit a diverse range of structural features due to the variety of O- and N-sulfation modifications and uronic acid C-5 epimerization that can occur, making their analysis a challenging target. Mass spectrometry approaches to the structure assignment of GAGs have been widely investigated, and new methodologies remain the subject of development. Advances in sample preparation, tandem MS techniques (MS/MS), online separations, and automated analysis software have advanced the field of GAG analysis. These recent developments have led to remarkable improvements in the precision and time efficiency for the structural characterization of GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Pepi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Morgan Stickney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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18
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Diverse Roles for Hyaluronan and Hyaluronan Receptors in the Developing and Adult Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175988. [PMID: 32825309 PMCID: PMC7504301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a vital role in the extracellular matrix of neural tissues. Originally thought to hydrate tissues and provide mechanical support, it is now clear that HA is also a complex signaling molecule that can regulate cell processes in the developing and adult nervous systems. Signaling properties are determined by molecular weight, bound proteins, and signal transduction through specific receptors. HA signaling regulates processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and process extension in a variety of cell types including neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte progenitors. The synthesis and catabolism of HA and the expression of HA receptors are altered in disease and influence neuroinflammation and disease pathogenesis. This review discusses the roles of HA, its synthesis and breakdown, as well as receptor expression in neurodevelopment, nervous system function and disease.
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19
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Takechi M, Oshima K, Nadano D, Kitagawa H, Matsuda T, Miyata S. A pericellular hyaluronan matrix is required for the morphological maturation of cortical neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129679. [PMID: 32623025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is involved in many cellular functions. In the adult brain, HA forms macromolecular aggregates around synapses and plays important roles in neural plasticity. In contrast to the well-characterized function of HA in the adult brain, its roles in the developing brain remain largely unknown. METHODS Biochemical and histochemical analyses were performed to analyze the amount, solubility, and localization of HA in the developing mouse brain. By combining in utero labeling, cell isolation, and in vitro cultures, we examined the expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) and morphological maturation of cortical neurons. RESULTS The amount of HA increased during perinatal development and decreased in the adult. HA existed as a soluble form in the early stages; however, its solubility markedly decreased during postnatal development. HA localized in cell-sparse regions in the embryonic stages, but was broadly distributed during the postnatal development of the cerebral cortex. Developing cortical neurons expressed both Has2 and Has3, but not Has1, suggesting the autonomous production of HA by neurons themselves. HA formed a pericellular matrix around the cell bodies and neurites of developing cortical neurons, and the inhibition of HA synthesis reduced neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSION The formation of the pericellular HA matrix is essential for the proper morphological maturation of developing neurons. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides new insights into the roles of hyaluronan in the brain. DEVELOPMENT
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Takechi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenzi Oshima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daita Nadano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-Ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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20
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Biocompatibility of Materials for Biomedical Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1250:125-140. [PMID: 32601942 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3262-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
In the tissue engineering research field, nanobiomaterials highlight the impact of novel bioactive materials in both current applications and their potentials in future progress for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering is a well-investigated and challenging biomedical field, with promising perspectives to improve and support quality of life for the patient. To assess the response of those extracellular matrices (ECMs), induced by biomedical materials, this review will focus on cell response to natural biomaterials for biocompatibility.
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21
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Gorter RP, Baron W. Matrix metalloproteinases shape the oligodendrocyte (niche) during development and upon demyelination. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:134980. [PMID: 32315713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oligodendrocyte lineage cell is crucial to proper brain function. During central nervous system development, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrate and proliferate to populate the entire brain and spinal cord, and subsequently differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes that wrap neuronal axons in an insulating myelin layer. When damage occurs to the myelin sheath, OPCs are activated and recruited to the demyelinated site, where they differentiate into oligodendrocytes that remyelinate the denuded axons. The process of OPC attraction and differentiation is influenced by a multitude of factors from the cell's niche. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are powerful and versatile enzymes that do not only degrade extracellular matrix proteins, but also cleave cell surface receptors, growth factors, signaling molecules, proteases and other precursor proteins, leading to their activation or degradation. MMPs are markedly upregulated during brain development and upon demyelinating injury, where their broad functions influence the behavior of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), OPCs and oligodendrocytes. In this review, we focus on the role of MMPs in (re)myelination. We will start out in the developing brain with describing the effects of MMPs on NPCs, OPCs and eventually oligodendrocytes. Then, we will outline their functions in oligodendrocyte process extension and developmental myelination. Finally, we will review their potential role in demyelination, describe their significance in remyelination and discuss the evidence for a role of MMPs in remyelination failure, focusing on multiple sclerosis. In conclusion, MMPs shape the oligodendrocyte (niche) both during development and upon demyelination, and thus are important players in directing the fate and behavior of oligodendrocyte lineage cells throughout their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne P Gorter
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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22
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Cryo-EM structure of eastern equine encephalitis virus in complex with heparan sulfate analogues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8890-8899. [PMID: 32245806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910670117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), a mosquito-borne icosahedral alphavirus found mainly in North America, causes human and equine neurotropic infections. EEEV neurovirulence is influenced by the interaction of the viral envelope protein E2 with heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans from the host's plasma membrane during virus entry. Here, we present a 5.8-Å cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of EEEV complexed with the HS analog heparin. "Peripheral" HS binding sites were found to be associated with the base of each of the E2 glycoproteins that form the 60 quasi-threefold spikes (q3) and the 20 sites associated with the icosahedral threefold axes (i3). In addition, there is one HS site at the vertex of each q3 and i3 spike (the "axial" sites). Both the axial and peripheral sites are surrounded by basic residues, suggesting an electrostatic mechanism for HS binding. These residues are highly conserved among EEEV strains, and therefore a change in these residues might be linked to EEEV neurovirulence.
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23
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Shahi M, Mohammadnejad D, Karimipour M, Rasta SH, Rahbarghazi R, Abedelahi A. Hyaluronic Acid and Regenerative Medicine: New Insights into the Stroke Therapy. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:675-691. [PMID: 32213158 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200326095837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is known as one of the very important public health problems that are related to societal burden and tremendous economic losses. It has been shown that there are few therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this disease. In this regard, the present therapeutic platforms aim to obtain neuroprotection, reperfusion, and neuro recovery. Among these therapies, regenerative medicine-based therapies have appeared as new ways of stroke therapy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a new candidate, which could be applied as a regenerative medicine-based therapy in the treatment of stroke. HA is a glycosaminoglycan composed of disaccharide repeating elements (N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid). Multiple lines of evidence demonstrated that HA has critical roles in normal tissues. It can be a key player in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions such as water homeostasis, multiple drug resistance, inflammatory processes, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and changed viscoelasticity of the extracellular matrix. HA has very important physicochemical properties i.e., availability of reactive functional groups and its solubility, which make it a biocompatible material for application in regenerative medicine. Given that HAbased bioscaffolds and biomaterials do not induce inflammation or allergies and are hydrophilic, they are used as soft tissue fillers and injectable dermal fillers. Several studies indicated that HA could be employed as a new therapeutic candidate in the treatment of stroke. These studies documented that HA and HA-based therapies exert their pharmacological effects via affecting stroke-related processes. Herein, we summarized the role of the extracellular matrix in stroke pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted the HA-based therapies for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daruosh Mohammadnejad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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24
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Kutikov AB, Moore SW, Layer RT, Podell PE, Sridhar N, Santamaria AJ, Aimetti AA, Hofstetter CP, Ulich TR, Guest JD. Method and Apparatus for the Automated Delivery of Continuous Neural Stem Cell Trails Into the Spinal Cord of Small and Large Animals. Neurosurgery 2020; 85:560-573. [PMID: 30169668 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immature neurons can extend processes after transplantation in adult animals. Neuronal relays can form between injected neural stem cells (NSCs) and surviving neurons, possibly improving recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Cell delivery methods of single or multiple bolus injections of concentrated cell suspensions thus far tested in preclinical and clinical experiments are suboptimal for new tract formation. Nonuniform injectate dispersal is often seen due to gravitational cell settling and clumping. Multiple injections have additive risks of hemorrhage, parenchymal damage, and cellular reflux and require additional surgical exposure. The deposition of multiply delivered cells boluses may be uneven and discontinuous. OBJECTIVE To develop an injection apparatus and methodology to deliver continuous cellular trails bridging spinal cord lesions. METHODS We improved the uniformity of cellular trails by formulating NSCs in hyaluronic acid. The TrailmakerTM stereotaxic injection device was automatized to extend a shape memory needle from a single-entry point in the spinal cord longitudinal axis to "pioneer" a new trail space and then retract while depositing an hyaluronic acid-NSC suspension. We conducted testing in a collagen spinal models, and animal testing using human NSCs (hNSCs) in rats and minipigs. RESULTS Continuous surviving trails of hNSCs within rat and minipig naive spinal cords were 12 and 40 mm in length. hNSC trails were delivered across semi-acute contusion injuries in rats. Transplanted hNSCs survived and were able to differentiate into neural lineage cells and astrocytes. CONCLUSION The TrailmakerTM creates longitudinal cellular trails spanning multiple levels from a single-entry point. This may enhance the ability of therapeutics to promote functional relays after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon W Moore
- InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Nithya Sridhar
- InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Alex A Aimetti
- InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Thomas R Ulich
- InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - James D Guest
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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25
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Al-Ahmad AJ, Patel R, Palecek SP, Shusta EV. Hyaluronan impairs the barrier integrity of brain microvascular endothelial cells through a CD44-dependent pathway. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1759-1775. [PMID: 29589805 PMCID: PMC6727144 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18767748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) constitutes the most abundant extracellular matrix component during brain development, only to become a minor component rapidly after birth and in adulthood to remain in specified regions. HA signaling has been associated with several neurological disorders, yet the impact of HA signaling at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function remains undocumented. In this study, we investigated the impact of HA on BBB properties using human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) -derived and primary human and rat BMECs. The impact of HA signaling on developmental and mature BMECs was assessed by measuring changes in TEER, permeability, BMECs markers (GLUT1, tight junction proteins, P-gp) expression and localization, CD44 expression and hyaluronan levels. In general, HA treatment decreased barrier function and reduced P-gp activity with effects being more prominent upon treatment with oligomeric forms of HA (oHA). Such effects were exacerbated when applied during BMEC differentiation phase (considered as developmental BBB). We noted a hyaluronidase activity as well as an increase in CD44 expression during prolonged oxygen-glucose deprivation stress. Inhibition of HA signaling by antibody blockade of CD44 abrogated the detrimental effects of HA treatment. These results suggest the importance of HA signaling through CD44 on BBB properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J Al-Ahmad
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Ronak Patel
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric V Shusta
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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26
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Perera TH, Howell SM, Smith Callahan LA. Manipulation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Neurite Extension by Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using IKVAV and LRE Peptide Tethering in Hyaluronic Acid Matrices. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3009-3020. [PMID: 31306008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellular remodeling of the matrix has recently emerged as a key factor in promoting neural differentiation. Most strategies to manipulate matrix remodeling focus on proteolytically cleavable cross-linkers, leading to changes in tethered biochemical signaling and matrix properties. Using peptides that are not the direct target of enzymatic degradation will likely reduce changes in the matrix and improve control of biological behavior. In this study, laminin-derived peptides, IKVAV and LRE, tethered to independent sites in hyaluronic acid matrices using Michael addition and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition are sufficient to manipulate hyaluronic acid degradation, gelatinase expression, and protease expression, while promoting neurite extension through matrix metalloprotease-dependent mechanisms in mouse embryonic stem cells encapsulated in hyaluronic acid matrices using an oxidation-reduction reaction initiated gelation. This study provides the foundation for a new strategy to stimulate matrix remodeling that is not dependent on enzymatic cleavage targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hiran Perera
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Skyler M Howell
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Laura A Smith Callahan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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27
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Long KR, Huttner WB. How the extracellular matrix shapes neural development. Open Biol 2019; 9:180216. [PMID: 30958121 PMCID: PMC6367132 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, both cells and tissues must acquire the correct shape to allow their proper function. This is especially relevant in the nervous system, where the shape of individual cell processes, such as the axons and dendrites, and the shape of entire tissues, such as the folding of the neocortex, are highly specialized. While many aspects of neural development have been uncovered, there are still several open questions concerning the mechanisms governing cell and tissue shape. In this review, we discuss the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in these processes. In particular, we consider how the ECM regulates cell shape, proliferation, differentiation and migration, and more recent work highlighting a key role of ECM in the morphogenesis of neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Long
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wieland B. Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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28
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Kopec M, Imiela A, Abramczyk H. Monitoring glycosylation metabolism in brain and breast cancer by Raman imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:166. [PMID: 30655566 PMCID: PMC6336853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that Raman microspectroscopy is a powerful method for visualization of glycocalyx offering cellular interrogation without staining, unprecedented spatial and spectral resolution, and biochemical information. We showed for the first time that Raman imaging can be used to distinguish successfully between glycosylated and nonglycosylated proteins in normal and cancer tissue. Thousands of protein, lipid and glycan species exist in cells and tissues and their metabolism is monitored via numerous pathways, networks and methods. The metabolism can change in response to cellular environment alterations, such as development of a disease. Measuring such alterations and understanding the pathways involved are crucial to fully understand cellular metabolism in cancer development. In this paper Raman markers of glycogen, glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate proteoglycan were identified based on their vibrational signatures. High spatial resolution of Raman imaging combined with chemometrics allows separation of individual species from many chemical components present in each cell. We have found that metabolism of proteins, lipids and glycans is markedly deregulated in breast (adenocarcinoma) and brain (medulloblastoma) tumors. We have identified two glycoforms in the normal breast tissue and the malignant brain tissue in contrast to the breast cancer tissue where only one glycoform has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kopec
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Imiela
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland
| | - H Abramczyk
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland.
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29
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Extracellular Matrix Components HAPLN1, Lumican, and Collagen I Cause Hyaluronic Acid-Dependent Folding of the Developing Human Neocortex. Neuron 2018; 99:702-719.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Tekin H, Simmons S, Cummings B, Gao L, Adiconis X, Hession CC, Ghoshal A, Dionne D, Choudhury SR, Yesilyurt V, Sanjana NE, Shi X, Lu C, Heidenreich M, Pan JQ, Levin JZ, Zhang F. Effects of 3D culturing conditions on the transcriptomic profile of stem-cell-derived neurons. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:540-554. [PMID: 30271673 PMCID: PMC6157920 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding neurological diseases requires tractable genetic systems. Engineered 3D neural tissues are an attractive choice, but how the cellular transcriptomic profiles in these tissues are affected by the encapsulating materials and are related to the human-brain transcriptome is not well understood. Here, we report the characterization of the effects of culturing conditions on the transcriptomic profiles of induced neuronal cells, as well as a method for the rapid generation of 3D co-cultures of neuronal and astrocytic cells from the same pool of human embryonic stem cells. By comparing the gene-expression profiles of neuronal cells in culture conditions relevant to the developing human brain, we found that modifying the degree of crosslinking of composite hydrogels can tune expression patterns so they correlate with those of specific brain regions and developmental stages. Moreover, by using single-cell sequencing, we show that our engineered tissues recapitulate transcriptional patterns of cell types in the human brain. The analysis of culturing conditions will inform the development of 3D neural tissues for use as tractable models of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Tekin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Sean Simmons
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beryl Cummings
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linyi Gao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xian Adiconis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ayan Ghoshal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sourav R Choudhury
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Volkan Yesilyurt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neville E Sanjana
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,New York Genome Center and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Shi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Congyi Lu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,New York Genome Center and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Heidenreich
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jen Q Pan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Feng Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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31
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Geissler SA, Sabin AL, Besser RR, Gooden OM, Shirk BD, Nguyen QM, Khaing ZZ, Schmidt CE. Biomimetic hydrogels direct spinal progenitor cell differentiation and promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:025004. [PMID: 29303112 PMCID: PMC5988207 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaa55c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Demyelination that results from disease or traumatic injury, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), can have a devastating effect on neural function and recovery. Many researchers are examining treatments to minimize demyelination by improving oligodendrocyte availability in vivo. Transplantation of stem and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells is a promising option, however, trials are plagued by undirected differentiation. Here we introduce a biomaterial that has been optimized to direct the differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) toward oligodendrocytes as a cell delivery vehicle after SCI. APPROACH A collagen-based hydrogel was modified to mimic the mechanical properties of the neonatal spinal cord, and components present in the developing extracellular matrix were included to provide appropriate chemical cues to the NPCs to direct their differentiation toward oligodendrocytes. The hydrogel with cells was then transplanted into a unilateral cervical contusion model of SCI to examine the functional recovery with this treatment. Six behavioral tests and histological assessment were performed to examine the in vivo response to this treatment. MAIN RESULTS Our results demonstrate that we can achieve a significant increase in oligodendrocyte differentiation of NPCs compared to standard culture conditions using a three-component biomaterial composed of collagen, hyaluronic acid, and laminin that has mechanical properties matched to those of neonatal neural tissue. Additionally, SCI rats with hydrogel transplants, with and without NPCs, showed functional recovery. Animals transplanted with hydrogels with NPCs showed significantly increased functional recovery over six weeks compared to the media control group. SIGNIFICANCE The three-component hydrogel presented here has the potential to provide cues to direct differentiation in vivo to encourage regeneration of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney A Geissler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America. J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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32
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanical behavior of human brain is critical to interpret the role of physical stimuli in both normal and pathological processes that occur in CNS tissue, such as development, inflammation, neurodegeneration, aging, and most common brain tumors. Despite clear evidence that mechanical cues influence both normal and transformed brain tissue activity as well as normal and transformed brain cell behavior, little is known about the links between mechanical signals and their biochemical and medical consequences. A multi-level approach from whole organ rheology to single cell mechanics is needed to understand the physical aspects of human brain function and its pathologies. This review summarizes the latest achievements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pogoda
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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33
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Ansari S, Diniz IM, Chen C, Sarrion P, Tamayol A, Wu BM, Moshaverinia A. Human Periodontal Ligament- and Gingiva-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Nerve Regeneration When Encapsulated in Alginate/Hyaluronic Acid 3D Scaffold. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700670. [PMID: 29076281 PMCID: PMC5813692 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Repair or regeneration of damaged nerves is still a challenging clinical task in reconstructive surgeries and regenerative medicine. Here, it is demonstrated that periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) isolated from adult human periodontal and gingival tissues assume neuronal phenotype in vitro and in vivo via a subcutaneous transplantation model in nude mice. PDLSCs and GMSCs are encapsulated in a 3D scaffold based on alginate and hyaluronic acid hydrogels capable of sustained release of human nerve growth factor (NGF). The elasticity of the hydrogels affects the proliferation and differentiation of encapsulated MSCs within scaffolds. Moreover, it is observed that PDLSCs and GMSCs are stained positive for βIII-tubulin, while exhibiting high levels of gene expression related to neurogenic differentiation (βIII-tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein) via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Western blot analysis shows the importance of elasticity of the matrix and the presence of NGF in the neurogenic differentiation of encapsulated MSCs. In vivo, immunofluorescence staining for neurogenic specific protein markers confirms islands of dense positively stained structures inside transplanted hydrogels. As far as it is known, this study is the first demonstration of the application of PDLSCs and GMSCs as promising cell therapy candidates for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ansari
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ivana M Diniz
- Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Chider Chen
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patricia Sarrion
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68508, Lincoln
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Bohaumilitzky L, Huber AK, Stork EM, Wengert S, Woelfl F, Boehm H. A Trickster in Disguise: Hyaluronan's Ambivalent Roles in the Matrix. Front Oncol 2017; 7:242. [PMID: 29062810 PMCID: PMC5640889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a simple but diverse glycosaminoglycan. It plays a major role in aging, cellular senescence, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. In which way HA affects the surrounding tissues greatly depends on the molecular weight of HA. Whereas high molecular weight HA is associated with homeostasis and protective effects, HA fragments tend to be linked to the pathologic state. Furthermore, the interaction of HA with its binding partners, the hyaladherins, such as CD44, is essential for sustaining tissue integrity and is likewise related to cancer. The naked mole rat, a rodent species, possesses a special form of very high molecular weight (vHMW) HA, which is associated with the extraordinary cancer resistance and longevity of those animals. This review addresses HA and its diverse facets: from HA synthesis to degradation, from oligomeric HA to vHMW-HA and from its beneficial properties to the involvement in pathologies. We further discuss the functions of HA in the naked mole rat and compare them to human conditions. Though intensively researched, this simple polymer bears some secrets that may hold the key for a better understanding of cellular processes and the development of diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bohaumilitzky
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Huber
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Stork
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Wengert
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Woelfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Boehm
- CSF Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Miyata S, Kitagawa H. Formation and remodeling of the brain extracellular matrix in neural plasticity: Roles of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017. [PMID: 28625420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain is rich in glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronan. These glycosaminoglycans are organized into either diffuse or condensed ECM. Diffuse ECM is distributed throughout the brain and fills perisynaptic spaces, whereas condensed ECM selectively surrounds parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PV cells) in mesh-like structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs). The brain ECM acts as a non-specific physical barrier that modulates neural plasticity and axon regeneration. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we review recent progress in understanding of the molecular basis of organization and remodeling of the brain ECM, and the involvement of several types of experience-dependent neural plasticity, with a particular focus on the mechanism that regulates PV cell function through specific interactions between CS chains and their binding partners. We also discuss how the barrier function of the brain ECM restricts dendritic spine dynamics and limits axon regeneration after injury. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The brain ECM not only forms physical barriers that modulate neural plasticity and axon regeneration, but also forms molecular brakes that actively controls maturation of PV cells and synapse plasticity in which sulfation patterns of CS chains play a key role. Structural remodeling of the brain ECM modulates neural function during development and pathogenesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Genetic or enzymatic manipulation of the brain ECM may restore neural plasticity and enhance recovery from nerve injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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36
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Fowke TM, Karunasinghe RN, Bai JZ, Jordan S, Gunn AJ, Dean JM. Hyaluronan synthesis by developing cortical neurons in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44135. [PMID: 28287145 PMCID: PMC5347017 DOI: 10.1038/srep44135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a linear glycosaminoglycan that forms the backbone of perineuronal nets around neurons in the cerebral cortex. However, it remains controversial whether neurons are capable of independent hyaluronan synthesis. Herein, we examined the expression of hyaluronan and hyaluronan synthases (HASs) throughout cortical neuron development in vitro. Enriched cultures of cortical neurons were established from E16 rats. Neurons were collected at days in vitro (DIV) 0 (4 h), 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 for qPCR or immunocytochemistry. In the relative absence of glia, neurons exhibited HAS1–3 mRNA at all time-points. By immunocytochemistry, puncta of HAS2–3 protein and hyaluronan were located on neuronal cell bodies, neurites, and lamellipodia/growth cones from as early as 4 h in culture. As neurons matured, hyaluronan was also detected on dendrites, filopodia, and axons, and around synapses. Percentages of hyaluronan-positive neurons increased with culture time to ~93% by DIV21, while only half of neurons at DIV21 expressed the perineuronal net marker Wisteria floribunda agglutinin. These data clearly demonstrate that neurons in vitro can independently synthesise hyaluronan throughout all maturational stages, and that hyaluronan production is not limited to neurons expressing perineuronal nets. The specific structural localisation of hyaluronan suggests potential roles in neuronal development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M Fowke
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rashika N Karunasinghe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ji-Zhong Bai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shawn Jordan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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37
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Hospodiuk M, Dey M, Sosnoski D, Ozbolat IT. The bioink: A comprehensive review on bioprintable materials. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:217-239. [PMID: 28057483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses "bioink", bioprintable materials used in three dimensional (3D) bioprinting processes, where cells and other biologics are deposited in a spatially controlled pattern to fabricate living tissues and organs. It presents the first comprehensive review of existing bioink types including hydrogels, cell aggregates, microcarriers and decellularized matrix components used in extrusion-, droplet- and laser-based bioprinting processes. A detailed comparison of these bioink materials is conducted in terms of supporting bioprinting modalities and bioprintability, cell viability and proliferation, biomimicry, resolution, affordability, scalability, practicality, mechanical and structural integrity, bioprinting and post-bioprinting maturation times, tissue fusion and formation post-implantation, degradation characteristics, commercial availability, immune-compatibility, and application areas. The paper then discusses current limitations of bioink materials and presents the future prospects to the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hospodiuk
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Madhuri Dey
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donna Sosnoski
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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38
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Yang MH, Chen KC, Chiang PW, Chung TW, Chen WJ, Chu PY, Chen SCJ, Lu YS, Yuan CH, Wang MC, Lin CY, Huang YF, Jong SB, Lin PC, Tyan YC. Proteomic Profiling of Neuroblastoma Cells Adhesion on Hyaluronic Acid-Based Surface for Neural Tissue Engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1917394. [PMID: 28053978 PMCID: PMC5174748 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1917394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of neuron cells plays a crucial role in regulating neural development and regeneration. Hyaluronic acid (HA) biomaterial has been applied in a wide range of medical and biological fields and plays important roles in neural regeneration. PC12 cells have been reported to be capable of endogenous NGF synthesis and secretion. The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of HA biomaterial combining with PC12 cells conditioned media (PC12 CM) in neural regeneration. Using SH-SY5Y cells as an experimental model, we found that supporting with PC12 CM enhanced HA function in SH-SY5Y cell proliferation and adhesion. Through RP-nano-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses, we identified increased expression of HSP60 and RanBP2 in SH-SY5Y cells grown on HA-modified surface with cotreatment of PC12 CM. Moreover, we also identified factors that were secreted from PC12 cells and may promote SH-SY5Y cell proliferation and adhesion. Here, we proposed a biomaterial surface enriched with neurotrophic factors for nerve regeneration application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Yang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Chiang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Wen Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jou Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sharon Chia-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Lu
- Office of Safety, Health and Environment, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hui Yuan
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Chemical, Molecular and Materials Analysis Center, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | - Ming-Chen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fong Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Bin Jong
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chiao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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39
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Arulmoli J, Wright HJ, Phan DTT, Sheth U, Que RA, Botten GA, Keating M, Botvinick EL, Pathak MM, Zarembinski TI, Yanni DS, Razorenova OV, Hughes CCW, Flanagan LA. Combination scaffolds of salmon fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and laminin for human neural stem cell and vascular tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2016; 43:122-138. [PMID: 27475528 PMCID: PMC5386322 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSPCs) are good candidates for treating central nervous system (CNS) trauma since they secrete beneficial trophic factors and differentiate into mature CNS cells; however, many cells die after transplantation. This cell death can be ameliorated by inclusion of a biomaterial scaffold, making identification of optimal scaffolds for hNSPCs a critical research focus. We investigated the properties of fibrin-based scaffolds and their effects on hNSPCs and found that fibrin generated from salmon fibrinogen and thrombin stimulates greater hNSPC proliferation than mammalian fibrin. Fibrin scaffolds degrade over the course of a few days in vivo, so we sought to develop a novel scaffold that would retain the beneficial properties of fibrin but degrade more slowly to provide longer support for hNSPCs. We found combination scaffolds of salmon fibrin with interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of hyaluronic acid (HA) with and without laminin polymerize more effectively than fibrin alone and generate compliant hydrogels matching the physical properties of brain tissue. Furthermore, combination scaffolds support hNSPC proliferation and differentiation while significantly attenuating the cell-mediated degradation seen with fibrin alone. HNSPCs express two fibrinogen-binding integrins, αVβ1 and α5β1, and several laminin binding integrins (α7β1, α6β1, α3β1) that can mediate interaction with the scaffold. Lastly, to test the ability of scaffolds to support vascularization, we analyzed human cord blood-derived endothelial cells alone and in co-culture with hNSPCs and found enhanced vessel formation and complexity in co-cultures within combination scaffolds. Overall, combination scaffolds of fibrin, HA, and laminin are excellent biomaterials for hNSPCs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Interest has increased recently in the development of biomaterials as neural stem cell transplantation scaffolds to treat central nervous system (CNS) injury since scaffolds improve survival and integration of transplanted cells. We report here on a novel combination scaffold composed of fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and laminin to support human neural stem/progenitor cell (hNSPC) function. This combined biomaterial scaffold has appropriate physical properties for hNSPCs and the CNS, supports hNSPC proliferation and differentiation, and attenuates rapid cell-mediated scaffold degradation. The hNSPCs and scaffold components synergistically encourage new vessel formation from human endothelial cells. This work marks the first report of a combination scaffold supporting human neural and vascular cells to encourage vasculogenesis, and sets a benchmark for biomaterials to treat CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janahan Arulmoli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Heather J Wright
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Duc T T Phan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Urmi Sheth
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Richard A Que
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Giovanni A Botten
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark Keating
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elliot L Botvinick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Medha M Pathak
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Yanni
- Disc Comfort, Inc., 351 Hospital Road, Suite 202, Newport Beach, CA 92663, USA
| | - Olga V Razorenova
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lisa A Flanagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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CLEMMER JOHN, PRABHU RAJ, CHEN JOSEPH, COLEBECK ERIN, PRIDDY LAURENB, MCCOLLUM MICHAEL, BRAZILE BRYN, WHITTINGTON WILBUR, WARDLAW JENNIFERL, RHEE HONGJOO, HORSTEMEYER MF, WILLIAMS LAKIESHAN, LIAO JUN. EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF HIGH STRAIN RATE RESPONSES OF PORCINE BRAIN, LIVER, AND TENDON. J MECH MED BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519416500329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High strain rate compression of soft tissues has recently gained attention due to its application in computational simulation of traumatic injuries. To understand high rate tissue behavior, a comparative study is needed to examine the biomechanical responses of multiple soft tissues. We hypothesized that the underlying mechanisms of soft tissue high rate compression is dependent upon water, microstructural organization, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Porcine brain, liver, and tendon, which have similar material density (brain: 1.05[Formula: see text]g/cm3, liver: 1.06[Formula: see text]g/cm3, and tendon: 1.12[Formula: see text]g/cm3) and water content (brain: [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]78%, liver: [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]71–75%, and tendon: [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]70%) but different cellularity and ECM properties, were subjected to polymeric split Hopkinson pressure bar (PSHPB) testing. Hydrated brain tissue, due to its high microstructural cavities (cavity area [Formula: see text]) and low ECM content, had a high initial stress spike of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MPa. Hydrated liver, with moderate microstructural cavities (cavity area [Formula: see text]) and moderate ECM content, had a moderate stress spike of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MPa. Hydrated tendon had low microstructural cavities (cavity area [Formula: see text]) and high ECM content and had a minimal initial stress spike of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MPa. Electron microscopy of the tissues’ microstructural cavities revealed a first-order estimation of water content that was not bound to ECM (e.g., intracellular water). Linear regression analysis showed that the initial spike was highly correlated ([Formula: see text]) with intracellular water. To understand the role of water in each tissue’s response to high deformation, each soft tissue was completely dehydrated and subjected to the same PSHPB compression test. After removal of all the water, neither the brain, liver, nor tendon revealed an initial stress spike, implicating the essential nature of water in the initial responses of high-rate compression. These results suggest that cellular water and ECM content play a critical role in the biomechanical responses to high strain rate compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- JOHN CLEMMER
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory and Injury Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - RAJ PRABHU
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory and Injury Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Computational Manufacture and Design, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - JOSEPH CHEN
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory and Injury Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - ERIN COLEBECK
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory and Injury Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - LAUREN B. PRIDDY
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory and Injury Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Computational Manufacture and Design, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - MICHAEL MCCOLLUM
- Computational Manufacture and Design, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - BRYN BRAZILE
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory and Injury Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Computational Manufacture and Design, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - WILBUR WHITTINGTON
- Computational Manufacture and Design, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - JENNIFER L. WARDLAW
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - HONGJOO RHEE
- Computational Manufacture and Design, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - M. F. HORSTEMEYER
- Computational Manufacture and Design, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - LAKIESHA N. WILLIAMS
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory and Injury Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Computational Manufacture and Design, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - JUN LIAO
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory and Injury Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Computational Manufacture and Design, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Lim HJ, Perera TH, Wilems TS, Ghosh S, Zheng YY, Azhdarinia A, Cao Q, Smith Callahan LA. Response to di-functionalized hyaluronic acid with orthogonal chemistry grafting at independent modification sites in rodent models of neural differentiation and spinal cord injury. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6865-6875. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid functionalized with two orthogonal chemistries at different targets expedites neural maturation in vitro, while reducing inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lim
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - T. Hiran Perera
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Thomas S. Wilems
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Sukhen Ghosh
- Center for Molecular Imaging
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Yi-Yan Zheng
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Ali Azhdarinia
- Center for Molecular Imaging
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Qilin Cao
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Laura A. Smith Callahan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
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42
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Karumbaiah L, Enam SF, Brown AC, Saxena T, Betancur MI, Barker TH, Bellamkonda RV. Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan Hydrogels Create Endogenous Niches for Neural Stem Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2336-49. [PMID: 26440046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess great potential for neural tissue repair after traumatic injuries to the central nervous system (CNS). However, poor survival and self-renewal of NSCs after injury severely limits its therapeutic potential. Sulfated chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) linked to CS proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) have the ability to bind and potentiate trophic factor efficacy, and promote NSC self-renewal in vivo. In this study, we investigated the potential of CS-GAG hydrogels composed of monosulfated CS-4 (CS-A), CS-6 (CS-C), and disulfated CS-4,6 (CS-E) CS-GAGs as NSC carriers, and their ability to create endogenous niches by enriching specific trophic factors to support NSC self-renewal. We demonstrate that CS-GAG hydrogel scaffolds showed minimal swelling and degradation over a period of 15 days in vitro, absorbing only 6.5 ± 0.019% of their initial weight, and showing no significant loss of mass during this period. Trophic factors FGF-2, BDNF, and IL10 bound with high affinity to CS-GAGs, and were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in CS-GAG hydrogels when compared to unsulfated hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels. Dissociated rat subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs when encapsulated in CS-GAG hydrogels demonstrated ∼88.5 ± 6.1% cell viability in vitro. Finally, rat neurospheres in CS-GAG hydrogels conditioned with the mitogen FGF-2 demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) higher self-renewal when compared to neurospheres cultured in unconditioned hydrogels. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the ability of CS-GAG based hydrogels to regulate NSC self-renewal, and facilitate growth factor enrichment locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, ADS Complex, The University of Georgia , 425 River Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | | | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering NC State University/UNC-Chapel Hill , 4204 B Engineering Building III, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | - Martha I Betancur
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, ADS Complex, The University of Georgia , 425 River Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Abstract
ABSTRACT:Concepts emerging from experimental manipulations of neurobiological systems in vivo and in vitro may provide explanations for some clinical observations following adrenal medulla autografting in patients with Parkinson's disease. These concepts are reviewed, and a proposed mechanism of action of adrenal autografts in Parkinson's disease is advanced.
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Monslow J, Govindaraju P, Puré E. Hyaluronan - a functional and structural sweet spot in the tissue microenvironment. Front Immunol 2015; 6:231. [PMID: 26029216 PMCID: PMC4432798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition from homeostatic to reactive matrix remodeling is a fundamental adaptive tissue response to injury, inflammatory disease, fibrosis, and cancer. Alterations in architecture, physical properties, and matrix composition result in changes in biomechanical and biochemical cellular signaling. The dynamics of pericellular and extracellular matrices, including matrix protein, proteoglycan, and glycosaminoglycan modification are continually emerging as essential regulatory mechanisms underlying cellular and tissue function. Nevertheless, the impact of matrix organization on inflammation and immunity in particular and the consequent effects on tissue healing and disease outcome are arguably under-studied aspects of adaptive stress responses. Herein, we review how the predominant glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) contributes to the structure and function of the tissue microenvironment. Specifically, we examine the evidence of HA degradation and the generation of biologically active smaller HA fragments in pathological settings in vivo. We discuss how HA fragments versus nascent HA via alternate receptor-mediated signaling influence inflammatory cell recruitment and differentiation, resident cell activation, as well as tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss how HA fragmentation impacts restoration of normal tissue function and pathological outcomes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Monslow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priya Govindaraju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Maeda N. Proteoglycans and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex during development and disease. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:98. [PMID: 25852466 PMCID: PMC4369650 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are major constituents of the extracellular matrix and the cell surface in the brain. Proteoglycans bind with many proteins including growth factors, chemokines, axon guidance molecules, and cell adhesion molecules through both the glycosaminoglycan and the core protein portions. The functions of proteoglycans are flexibly regulated due to the structural variability of glycosaminoglycans, which are generated by multiple glycosaminoglycan synthesis and modifying enzymes. Neuronal cell surface proteoglycans such as PTPζ, neuroglycan C and syndecan-3 function as direct receptors for heparin-binding growth factors that induce neuronal migration. The lectican family, secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, forms large aggregates with hyaluronic acid and tenascins, in which many signaling molecules and enzymes including matrix proteases are preserved. In the developing cerebrum, secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans such as neurocan, versican and phosphacan are richly expressed in the areas that are strategically important for neuronal migration such as the striatum, marginal zone, subplate and subventricular zone in the neocortex. These proteoglycans may anchor various attractive and/or repulsive cues, regulating the migration routes of inhibitory neurons. Recent studies demonstrated that the genes encoding proteoglycan core proteins and glycosaminoglycan synthesis and modifying enzymes are associated with various psychiatric and intellectual disorders, which may be related to the defects of neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Maeda
- Neural Network Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Setagaya, Japan
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46
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Khaing ZZ, Seidlits SK. Hyaluronic acid and neural stem cells: implications for biomaterial design. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7850-7866. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00974j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
While in the past hyaluronic acid (HA) was considered a passive structural component, research over the past few decades has revealed its diverse and complex biological functions resulting in a major ideological shift. This review describes recent advances in biological interactions of HA with neural stem cells, with a focus on leveraging these interactions to develop advanced biomaterials that aid regeneration of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Z. Khaing
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine
- University of Washington
- USA
| | - Stephanie K. Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering
- Brain Research Institute
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
- University of California Los Angeles
- USA
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Xing G, Ren M, Verma A. Divergent Temporal Expression of Hyaluronan Metabolizing Enzymes and Receptors with Craniotomy vs. Controlled-Cortical Impact Injury in Rat Brain: A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2014; 5:173. [PMID: 25309501 PMCID: PMC4161003 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers many secondary changes in tissue biology, which ultimately determine the extent of injury and clinical outcome. Hyaluronan [hyaluronic acid (HA)] is a protective cementing gel present in the intercellular spaces whose degradation has been reported as a causative factor in tissue damage. Yet little is known about the expression and activities of genes involved in HA catabolism after TBI. Young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three groups: naïve control, craniotomy, and controlled-cortical impact-induced TBI (CCI-TBI). Four animals per group were sacrificed at 4 h, 1, 3, and 7 days post-CCI. The mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthases (HAS1-3), hyaluronidases (enzymes for HA degradation, HYAL 1–4, and PH20), and CD44 and RHAMM (membrane receptors for HA signaling and removal) were determined using real-time PCR. Compared to the naïve controls, expression of HAS1 and HAS2 mRNA, but not HAS3 mRNA increased significantly following craniotomy alone and following CCI with differential kinetics. Expression of HAS2 mRNA increased significantly in the ipsilateral brain at 1 and 3 days post-CCI. HYAL1 mRNA expression also increased significantly in the craniotomy group and in the contralateral CCI at 1 and 3 days post-CCI. CD44 mRNA expression increased significantly in the ipsilateral CCI at 4 h, 1, 3, and 7 days post-CCI (up to 25-fold increase). These data suggest a dynamic regulation and role for HA metabolism in secondary responses to TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xing
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Ming Ren
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Ajay Verma
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Michler-Stuke A, Wolff JR, Bottenstein JE. Factors influencing astrocyte growth and development in defined media. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 2:575-84. [PMID: 24874398 DOI: 10.1016/0736-5748(84)90035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/1984] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously described serum-free, defined medium (G2 medium) containing transferrin, selenium, hydrocortisone, biotin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and fibronectin developed for the growth of human and rat derived glioma cells was investigated for its ability to support proliferation of astrocytes in primary cultures of neonatal rat cerebrum. These cells were able to grow in G2 medium. Enhanced proliferation and repeated subcultivation were obtained after adding insulin and/or epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the G2 medium at concentrations of 5 μg/ml and 10 ng/ml, respectively. In these modified media (called G4 and G5 medium) astrocytes showed a higher degree of morphological differentiation as compared to serum supplemented medium. Cell type specificity was determined by immunocytochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, which could already be demonstrated 5 days after plating cells. G4 and G5 represent the first serum-free defined media in which astrocytes proliferate and differentiate without preceding or intermediate contact to serum supplemented medium. Modification of the culture substratum by adding hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate A to G4 medium (G2 medium + insulin) enhanced proliferation of astroglial cells by a factor of about 1.5. In the presence of epidermal growth factor no response to the altered culture dish surface was observed and the addition of fibronectin, otherwise a stringent plating requirement, was no longer necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Michler-Stuke
- Department of Anatomy, University of Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, 3400 Göttingen, FRG
| | - J R Wolff
- Department of Anatomy, University of Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, 3400 Göttingen, FRG
| | - J E Bottenstein
- Marine Biomedical Institute, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX77550, U.S.A
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Schnaar RL, Gerardy-Schahn R, Hildebrandt H. Sialic acids in the brain: gangliosides and polysialic acid in nervous system development, stability, disease, and regeneration. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:461-518. [PMID: 24692354 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell in nature carries a rich surface coat of glycans, its glycocalyx, which constitutes the cell's interface with its environment. In eukaryotes, the glycocalyx is composed of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, the compositions of which vary among different tissues and cell types. Many of the linear and branched glycans on cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids of vertebrates are terminated with sialic acids, nine-carbon sugars with a carboxylic acid, a glycerol side-chain, and an N-acyl group that, along with their display at the outmost end of cell surface glycans, provide for varied molecular interactions. Among their functions, sialic acids regulate cell-cell interactions, modulate the activities of their glycoprotein and glycolipid scaffolds as well as other cell surface molecules, and are receptors for pathogens and toxins. In the brain, two families of sialoglycans are of particular interest: gangliosides and polysialic acid. Gangliosides, sialylated glycosphingolipids, are the most abundant sialoglycans of nerve cells. Mouse genetic studies and human disorders of ganglioside metabolism implicate gangliosides in axon-myelin interactions, axon stability, axon regeneration, and the modulation of nerve cell excitability. Polysialic acid is a unique homopolymer that reaches >90 sialic acid residues attached to select glycoproteins, especially the neural cell adhesion molecule in the brain. Molecular, cellular, and genetic studies implicate polysialic acid in the control of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, intermolecular interactions at cell surfaces, and interactions with other molecules in the cellular environment. Polysialic acid is essential for appropriate brain development, and polymorphisms in the human genes responsible for polysialic acid biosynthesis are associated with psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism, and bipolar disorder. Polysialic acid also appears to play a role in adult brain plasticity, including regeneration. Together, vertebrate brain sialoglycans are key regulatory components that contribute to proper development, maintenance, and health of the nervous system.
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50
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Conovaloff AW, Beier BL, Irazoqui PP, Panitch A. Effects of a synthetic bioactive peptide on neurite growth and nerve growth factor release in chondroitin sulfate hydrogels. BIOMATTER 2014; 1:165-73. [PMID: 23507745 PMCID: PMC3549887 DOI: 10.4161/biom.17849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has revealed robust dorsal root ganglia neurite growth in hydrogels of chondroitin sulfate. In the current work, it was determined whether addition of a synthetic bioactive peptide could augment neurite growth in these matrices via enhanced binding and sequestering of growth factors. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies revealed that addition of peptide slowed nerve growth factor diffusivity in chondroitin sulfate gels, but not in control gels of hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, cultures of chick dorsal root ganglia in gels of hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulfate revealed enhanced growth in chondroitin sulfate gels only upon addition of peptide. Taken together, these results suggest a synergistic nerve growth factor-binding activity between this peptide and chondroitin sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Conovaloff
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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