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Kreindl C, Soto-Alarcón SA, Hidalgo M, Riveros AL, Añazco C, Pulgar R, Porras O. Selenium Compounds Affect Differently the Cytoplasmic Thiol/Disulfide State in Dermic Fibroblasts and Improve Cell Migration by Interacting with the Extracellular Matrix. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:159. [PMID: 38397757 PMCID: PMC10886037 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficient wound healing is frequently observed in patients diagnosed with diabetes, a clinical complication that compromises mobility and leads to limb amputation, decreasing patient autonomy and family lifestyle. Fibroblasts are crucial for secreting the extracellular matrix (ECM) to pave the wound site for endothelial and keratinocyte regeneration. The biosynthetic pathways involved in collagen production and crosslinking are intimately related to fibroblast redox homeostasis. In this study, two sets of human dermic fibroblasts were cultured in normal (5 mM) and high (25 mM)-glucose conditions in the presence of 1 µM selenium, as sodium selenite (inorganic) and the two selenium amino acids (organic), Se-cysteine and Se-methionine, for ten days. We investigated the ultrastructural changes in the secreted ECM induced by these conditions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, we evaluated the redox impact of these three compounds by measuring the basal state and real-time responses of the thiol-based HyPer biosensor expressed in the cytoplasm of these fibroblasts. Our results indicate that selenium compound supplementation pushed the redox equilibrium towards a more oxidative tone in both sets of fibroblasts, and this effect was independent of the type of selenium. The kinetic analysis of biosensor responses allowed us to identify Se-cysteine as the only compound that simultaneously improved the sensitivity to oxidative stimuli and augmented the disulfide bond reduction rate in high-glucose-cultured fibroblasts. The redox response profiles showed no clear association with the ultrastructural changes observed in matrix fibers secreted by selenium-treated fibroblasts. However, we found that selenium supplementation improved the ECM secreted by high-glucose-cultured fibroblasts according to endothelial migration assessed with a wound healing assay. Direct application of sodium selenite and Se-cysteine on purified collagen fibers subjected to glycation also improved cellular migration, suggesting that these selenium compounds avoid the undesired effect of glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kreindl
- Laboratory for Research in Functional Nutrition, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (C.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Sandra A. Soto-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile;
| | - Miltha Hidalgo
- Laboratory for Research in Functional Nutrition, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (C.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Ana L. Riveros
- Laboratorio de Nanobiotecnología y Nanotoxicología, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
| | - Carolina Añazco
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Nutricional, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, General Lagos #1190, Valdivia 5110773, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Pulgar
- Laboratory of Genomics and Genetics of Biological Interactions, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile;
| | - Omar Porras
- Laboratory for Research in Functional Nutrition, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (C.K.); (M.H.)
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2
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Krakowiak A, Pietrasik S. New Insights into Oxidative and Reductive Stress Responses and Their Relation to the Anticancer Activity of Selenium-Containing Compounds as Hydrogen Selenide Donors. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:875. [PMID: 37372159 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Redox balance is important for the homeostasis of normal cells, but also for the proliferation, progression, and survival of cancer cells. Both oxidative and reductive stress can be harmful to cells. In contrast to oxidative stress, reductive stress and the therapeutic opportunities underlying the mechanisms of reductive stress in cancer, as well as how cancer cells respond to reductive stress, have received little attention and are not as well characterized. Therefore, there is recent interest in understanding how selective induction of reductive stress may influence therapeutic treatment and disease progression in cancer. There is also the question of how cancer cells respond to reductive stress. Selenium compounds have been shown to have chemotherapeutic effects against cancer, and their anticancer mechanism is thought to be related to the formation of their metabolites, including hydrogen selenide (H2Se), which is a highly reactive and reducing molecule. Here, we highlight recent reports on the molecular mechanism of how cells recognize and respond to oxidative and reductive stress (1) and the mechanisms through which different types of selenium compounds can generate H2Se (2) and thus selectively affect reductive stress under controlled conditions, which may be important for their anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krakowiak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pietrasik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Tangjaidee P, Swedlund P, Xiang J, Yin H, Quek SY. Selenium-enriched plant foods: Selenium accumulation, speciation, and health functionality. Front Nutr 2023; 9:962312. [PMID: 36815133 PMCID: PMC9939470 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for maintaining human health. The biological effects and toxicity of Se compounds in humans are related to their chemical forms and consumption doses. In general, organic Se species, including selenoamino acids such as selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocystine (SeCys2), and Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC), could provide greater bioactivities with less toxicity compared to those inorganics including selenite (Se IV) and selenate (Se VI). Plants are vital sources of organic Se because they can accumulate inorganic Se or metabolites and store them as organic Se forms. Therefore, Se-enriched plants could be applied as human food to reduce deficiency problems and deliver health benefits. This review describes the recent studies on the enrichment of Se-containing plants in particular Se accumulation and speciation, their functional properties related to human health, and future perspectives for developing Se-enriched foods. Generally, Se's concentration and chemical forms in plants are determined by the accumulation ability of plant species. Brassica family and cereal grains have excessive accumulation capacity and store major organic Se compounds in their cells compared to other plants. The biological properties of Se-enriched plants, including antioxidant, anti-diabetes, and anticancer activities, have significantly presented in both in vitro cell culture models and in vivo animal assays. Comparatively, fewer human clinical trials are available. Scientific investigations on the functional health properties of Se-enriched edible plants in humans are essential to achieve in-depth information supporting the value of Se-enriched food to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pipat Tangjaidee
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Swedlund
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiqian Xiang
- Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Hongqing Yin
- Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Siew Young Quek
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Riddet Institute New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence in Food, Palmerston North, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Siew Young Quek,
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4
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Coverdale JPC, Harrington CF, Solovyev N. Review: Advances in the Accuracy and Traceability of Metalloprotein Measurements Using Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36637361 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2162811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the methods used to prepare isotopically enriched standards, allow for the high accuracy measurement of metalloproteins by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. This technique has now reached a level of maturity whereby a step change in the accuracy, precision, and traceability of, in particular, clinical, and biomedical measurements is achievable. Current clinical measurements, which require low limits of detection in the presence of complex sample matrices, use indirect methods based on immunochemistry for the study of human disease. However, this approach suffers from poor traceability, requiring comparisons based on provision of matrix-based reference materials, used as analytical standards. This leads to difficulty when changes in the reference material are required, often resulting in a lack of interlaboratory and temporal comparability in clinical results and reference ranges. In this review, we focus on the most important metalloproteins for clinical studies, to illustrate how the attributes of chromatography coupled to inorganic mass spectrometry can be used for the direct measurement of metalloproteins such as hemoglobin, transferrin, and ceruloplasmin. By using this approach, we hope to demonstrate how isotope dilution analysis can be used as a reference method to improve traceability and underpin clinical, biomedical, and other biological measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P C Coverdale
- Supra-Regional Assay Service, Trace Element Laboratory, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Chris F Harrington
- Supra-Regional Assay Service, Trace Element Laboratory, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom
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5
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Žižić M, Stanić M, Aquilanti G, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Branković G, Rodić I, Živić M, Zakrzewska J. Biotransformation of selenium in the mycelium of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6213-6222. [PMID: 35759022 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation of toxic selenium ions to non-toxic species has been mainly focused on biofortification of microorganisms and production of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), while far less attention is paid to the mechanisms of transformation. In this study, we applied a combination of analytical techniques with the aim of characterizing the SeNPs themselves as well as monitoring the course of selenium transformation in the mycelium of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Red coloration and pungent odor that appeared after only a few hours of incubation with 10 mM Se+4 indicate the formation of SeNPs and volatile methylated selenium compounds. SEM-EDS confirmed pure selenium NPs with an average diameter of 57 nm, which indicates potentially very good medical, optical, and photoelectric characteristics. XANES of mycelium revealed concentration-dependent mechanisms of reduction, where 0.5 mM Se+4 led to the predominant formation of Se-S-containing organic molecules, while 10 mM Se+4 induced production of biomethylated selenide (Se-2) in the form of volatile dimethylselenide (DMSe) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), with the SeNPs/DMSe ratio rising with incubation time. Several structural forms of elemental selenium, predominantly monoclinic Se8 chains, together with trigonal Se polymer chain, Se8 and Se6 ring structures, were detected by Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Žižić
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marina Stanić
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Branković
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivanka Rodić
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Živić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Joanna Zakrzewska
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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6
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Gräfenstein A, Rumancev C, Pollak R, Hämisch B, Galbierz V, Schroeder WH, Garrevoet J, Falkenberg G, Vöpel T, Huber K, Ebbinghaus S, Rosenhahn A. Spatial Distribution of Intracellular Ion Concentrations in Aggregate-Forming HeLa Cells Analyzed by μ-XRF Imaging. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200024. [PMID: 35363437 PMCID: PMC8973254 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a hallmark of several severe neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, or Alzheimer's disease. Metal ions play a profound role in protein aggregation and altered metal‐ion homeostasis is associated with disease progression. Here we utilize μ‐X‐ray fluorescence imaging in combination with rapid freezing to resolve the elemental distribution of phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, and zinc in huntingtin exon‐1‐mYFP expressing HeLa cells. Using quantitative XRF analysis, we find a threefold increase in zinc and a 10‐fold enrichment of potassium that can be attributed to cellular stress response. While the averaged intracellular ion areal masses are significantly different in aggregate‐containing cells, a local intracellular analysis shows no different ion content at the location of intracellular inclusion bodies. The results are compared to corresponding experiments on HeLa cells forming pseudoisocyanine chloride aggregates. As those show similar results, changes in ion concentrations are not exclusively linked to huntingtin exon‐1 amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gräfenstein
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Rumancev
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland Pollak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hämisch
- Physical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Vanessa Galbierz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter H Schroeder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany.,Nanotech Consulting, Liblarer Strasse 8, 50321, Brühl, Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vöpel
- Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Huber
- Physical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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7
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Small-angle X-ray scattering to quantify the incorporation and analyze the disposition of magnetic nanoparticles inside cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:1-12. [PMID: 34624760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Access to detailed information on cells loaded with nanoparticles with nanoscale precision is of a long-standing interest in many areas of nanomedicine. In this context, designing a single experiment able to provide statistical mean data from a large number of living unsectioned cells concerning information on the nanoparticle size and aggregation inside cell endosomes and accurate nanoparticle cell up-take is of paramount importance. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is presented here as a tool to achieve such relevant data. Experiments were carried out in cultures of B16F0 murine melanoma and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines loaded with various iron oxide nanostructures displaying distinctive structural characteristics. Five systems of water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) of different size, polydispersity and morphology were analyzed, namely, nearly monodisperse MNP with 11 and 13 nm mean size coated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, more polydisperse 6 nm colloids coated with citric acid and two nanoflowers (NF) systems of 24 and 27 nm in size resulting from the aggregation of 8 nm MNP. Up-take was determined for each system using B16F0 cells. Here we show that SAXS pattern provides high resolution information on nanoparticles disposition inside endosomes of the cytoplasm through the structure factor analysis, on nanoparticles size and dispersity after their incorporation by the cell and on up-take quantification from the extrapolation of the intensity in absolute scale to null scattering vector. We also report on the cell culture preparation to reach sensitivity for the observation of MNP inside cell endosomes using high brightness SAXS synchrotron source. Our results show that SAXS can become a valuable tool for analyzing MNP in cells and tissues.
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8
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Solovyev N, Drobyshev E, Blume B, Michalke B. Selenium at the Neural Barriers: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:630016. [PMID: 33613188 PMCID: PMC7892976 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.630016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is known to contribute to several vital physiological functions in mammals: antioxidant defense, fertility, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune response. Growing evidence indicates the crucial role of Se and Se-containing selenoproteins in the brain and brain function. As for the other essential trace elements, dietary Se needs to reach effective concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) to exert its functions. To do so, Se-species have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and/or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) of the choroid plexus. The main interface between the general circulation of the body and the CNS is the BBB. Endothelial cells of brain capillaries forming the so-called tight junctions are the primary anatomic units of the BBB, mainly responsible for barrier function. The current review focuses on Se transport to the brain, primarily including selenoprotein P/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8, also known as apolipoprotein E receptor-2) dependent pathway, and supplementary transport routes of Se into the brain via low molecular weight Se-species. Additionally, the potential role of Se and selenoproteins in the BBB, BCB, and neurovascular unit (NVU) is discussed. Finally, the perspectives regarding investigating the role of Se and selenoproteins in the gut-brain axis are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgenii Drobyshev
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bastian Blume
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
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9
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Micro x-ray fluorescence analysis of trace element distribution in frozen hydrated HeLa cells at the P06 beamline at Petra III. Biointerphases 2021; 16:011004. [PMID: 33706519 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence analysis enables the study of trace element distributions in biological specimens. When this analysis is done under cryogenic conditions, cells are cryofixed as closely as possible to their natural physiological state, and the corresponding intracellular elemental densities can be analyzed. Details about the experimental setup used for analysis at the P06 beamline at Petra III, DESY and the used cryo-transfer system are described in this work. The system was applied to analyze the elemental distribution in single HeLa cells, a cell line frequently used in a wide range of biological applications. Cells adhered to silicon nitride substrates were cryoprotected within an amorphous ice matrix. Using a continuous scanning scheme and a KB x-ray focus, the distribution of elements in the cells was studied. We were able to image the intracellular potassium and zinc levels in HeLa cells as two key elements relevant for the physiology of cells.
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10
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Enriquez Garcia A, Lai B, Gopinathan SG, Harris HH, Shemanko CS, Jalilehvand F. Nuclear localization of dirhodium(ii) complexes in breast cancer cells by X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8223-8226. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00521h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence microscopy confirms the necessity of vacant axial sites in dirhodium(ii) carboxylates for their cellular uptake and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source
- X-ray Science Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | | | - Hugh H. Harris
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
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11
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Liu C, Xu L, Tian H, Yao H, Elding LI, Shi T. Kinetics and mechanism for reduction of Pt(IV) anticancer model compounds by Se-methyl L-selenocysteine. Comparison with L-selenomethionine. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Yu Q, Boyanov MI, Liu J, Kemner KM, Fein JB. Adsorption of Selenite onto Bacillus subtilis: The Overlooked Role of Cell Envelope Sulfhydryl Sites in the Microbial Conversion of Se(IV). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10400-10407. [PMID: 30130956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial activities play a central role in the global cycling of selenium. Microorganisms can reduce, methylate, and assimilate Se, controlling the transport and fate of Se in the environment. However, the mechanisms controlling these microbial activities are still poorly understood. In particular, it is unknown how the negatively charged Se(IV) and Se(VI) oxyanions that dominate the aqueous Se speciation in oxidizing environments bind to negatively charged microbial cell surfaces in order to become bioavailable. Here, we show that the adsorption of selenite onto Bacillus subtilis bacterial cells is controlled by cell envelope sulfhydryl sites. Once adsorbed onto the bacteria, selenite is reduced and forms reduced organo-Se compounds (e.g., R1S-Se-SR2). Because sulfhydryl sites are present within cell envelopes of a wide range of bacterial species, sulfhydryl-controlled adsorption of selenite likely represents a general mechanism adopted by bacteria to make selenite bioavailable. Therefore, sulfhydryl binding of selenite likely occurs in a wide range of oxidized Se-bearing environments, and because it is followed by microbial conversion of selenite to other Se species, the process represents a crucial step in the global cycling of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Maxim I Boyanov
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemical Engineering , Sofia , 1113 , Bulgaria
- Biosciences Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Jinling Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- School of Earth Science , China University of Geoscience , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Kenneth M Kemner
- Biosciences Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Jeremy B Fein
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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13
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Wedding JL, Lai B, Vogt S, Harris HH. Investigation into the intracellular fates, speciation and mode of action of selenium-containing neuroprotective agents using XAS and XFM. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2393-2404. [PMID: 29631056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of selenium compounds have been observed to provide protection against oxidative stress, presumably by mimicking the mechanism of action of the glutathione peroxidases. However, the selenium chemistry that underpins the action of these compounds has not been unequivocally established. METHODS The synchrotron based techniques, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence microscopy were used to examine the cellular speciation and distribution of selenium in SH-SY5Y cells pretreated with one of two diphenyl diselenides, or ebselen, followed by peroxide insult. RESULTS Bis(2-aminophenyl)diselenide was shown to protect against oxidative stress conditions which mimic ischemic strokes, while its nitro analogue, bis(2-nitrophenyl)diselenide did not. This protective activity was tentatively assigned to the reductive cleavage of bis(2-aminophenyl)diselenide inside human neurocarcinoma cells, SH-SY5Y, while bis(2-nitrophenyl)diselenide remained largely unchanged. The distinct chemistries of the related compounds were traced by the changes in selenium speciation in bulk pellets of treated SH-SY5Y cells detected by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Further, bis(2-aminophenyl)diselenide, like the known stroke mitigation agent ebselen, was observed by X-ray fluorescence imaging to penetrate into the nucleus of SH-SY5Y cells while bis(2-nitrophenyl)diselenide was observed to be excluded from the nuclear region. CONCLUSIONS The differences in activity were thus attributed to the varied speciation and cellular localisation of the compounds, or their metabolites, as detected by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence microscopy. SIGNIFICANCE The work is significant as it links, for the first time, the protective action of selenium compounds against redox stress with particular chemical speciation using a direct measurement approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Wedding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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14
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Zakharia Y, Bhattacharya A, Rustum YM. Selenium targets resistance biomarkers enhancing efficacy while reducing toxicity of anti-cancer drugs: preclinical and clinical development. Oncotarget 2018; 9:10765-10783. [PMID: 29535842 PMCID: PMC5828194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-containing molecules exert antioxidant properties and modulate targets associated with tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Prevention clinical trials with low-dose supplementation of different types of Se molecules have yielded conflicting results. Utilizing several xenograft models, we earlier reported that the enhanced antitumor activity of various chemotherapeutic agents by selenomethione and Se-methylselenocysteine in several human tumor xenografts is highly dose- and schedule-dependent. Further, Se pretreament offered selective protection of normal tissues from drug-induced toxicity, thereby allowing higher dosing than maximum tolerated doses. These enhanced therapeutic effects were associated with inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1- and 2-alpha (HIF1α, HIF2α) protein, nuclear factor (erythyroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and pair-related homeobox-1 (Prx1) transcription factors, downregulation of oncogenic- and upregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs. This review provides: 1) a brief update of clinical prevention trials with Se; 2) advances in the use of specific types, doses, and schedules of Se that selectively modulate antitumor activity and toxicity of anti-cancer drugs; 3) identification of targets selectively modulated by Se; 4) plasma and tumor tissue Se levels achieved after oral administration of Se in xenograft models and cancer patients; 5) development of a phase 1 clinical trial with escalating doses of orally administered selenomethionine in sequential combination with axitinib to patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma; and 6) clinical prospects for future therapeutic use of Se in combination with anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Zakharia
- University of Iowa Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Arup Bhattacharya
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Youcef M. Rustum
- University of Iowa Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Buffalo, NY, USA
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15
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Wedding JL, Harris HH, Bader CA, Plush SE, Mak R, Massi M, Brooks DA, Lai B, Vogt S, Werrett MV, Simpson PV, Skelton BW, Stagni S. Intracellular distribution and stability of a luminescent rhenium(i) tricarbonyl tetrazolato complex using epifluorescence microscopy in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence imaging. Metallomics 2017; 9:382-390. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00243a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Kong F, Zhao Y, Liang Z, Liu X, Pan X, Luan D, Xu K, Tang B. Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for Imaging H2Se in Living Cells and in Vivo Based on the Disulfide Bond. Anal Chem 2016; 89:688-693. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanpeng Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Ziye Liang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Dongrui Luan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
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17
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Jin Q, Paunesku T, Lai B, Gleber SC, Chen SI, Finney L, Vine D, Vogt S, Woloschak G, Jacobsen C. Preserving elemental content in adherent mammalian cells for analysis by synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence microscopy. J Microsc 2016; 265:81-93. [PMID: 27580164 PMCID: PMC5217071 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals play important roles in biological function, and x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) provides a way to quantitatively image their distribution within cells. The faithfulness of these measurements is dependent on proper sample preparation. Using mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells as an example, we compare various approaches to the preparation of adherent mammalian cells for XFM imaging under ambient temperature. Direct side-by-side comparison shows that plunge-freezing-based cryoimmobilization provides more faithful preservation than conventional chemical fixation for most biologically important elements including P, S, Cl, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and possibly Ca in adherent mammalian cells. Although cells rinsed with fresh media had a great deal of extracellular background signal for Cl and Ca, this approach maintained cells at the best possible physiological status before rapid freezing and it does not interfere with XFM analysis of other elements. If chemical fixation has to be chosen, the combination of 3% paraformaldehyde and 1.5 % glutaraldehyde preserves S, Fe, Cu and Zn better than either fixative alone. When chemically fixed cells were subjected to a variety of dehydration processes, air drying was proved to be more suitable than other drying methods such as graded ethanol dehydration and freeze drying. This first detailed comparison for x-ray fluorescence microscopy shows how detailed quantitative conclusions can be affected by the choice of cell preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Jin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | | | - S I Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Lydia Finney
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - David Vine
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Gayle Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Chris Jacobsen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A.,Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
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18
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Ceko MJ, O'Leary S, Harris HH, Hummitzsch K, Rodgers RJ. Trace Elements in Ovaries: Measurement and Physiology1. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:86. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.137240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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19
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Kong F, Ge L, Pan X, Xu K, Liu X, Tang B. A highly selective near-infrared fluorescent probe for imaging H 2Se in living cells and in vivo. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1051-1056. [PMID: 28808528 PMCID: PMC5531029 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03471j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen selenide (H2Se), a highly reactive Se species, is an important selenium metabolism intermediate involved in many physiological and pathological processes. This compound is of scientific interest with regard to the real-time monitoring of H2Se in living cells and in vivo to understand the anti-cancer mechanism of selenium. However, monitoring H2Se in living cells is still challenging due to the lack of straight forward, highly selective and rapid methods. Here, we developed a novel small-molecule fluorescent probe, NIR-H2Se, for imaging endogenous H2Se. NIR-H2Se exhibited high selectivity toward H2Se over selenocysteine (Sec), H2S and small molecule thiols and was successfully used to image the H2Se content in HepG2 cells during Na2SeO3-induced apoptosis. Increased H2Se content and reduced ROS levels were observed under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions, which indicated that the cell apoptosis induced by Na2SeO3 under a hypoxic environment is via a non-oxidative stress mechanism. Thus, this probe should serve as a powerful tool for exploring the physiological function of H2Se and Se anticancer mechanisms in a variety of physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanpeng Kong
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Lihong Ge
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China . ;
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20
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Gransbury GK, Kappen P, Glover CJ, Hughes JN, Levina A, Lay PA, Musgrave IF, Harris HH. Comparison of KP1019 and NAMI-A in tumour-mimetic environments. Metallomics 2016; 8:762-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Solovyev ND. Importance of selenium and selenoprotein for brain function: From antioxidant protection to neuronal signalling. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:1-12. [PMID: 26398431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple biological functions of selenium manifest themselves mainly via 25 selenoproteins that have selenocysteine at their active centre. Selenium is vital for the brain and seems to participate in the pathology of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and epilepsy. Since selenium was shown to be involved in diverse functions of the central nervous system, such as motor performance, coordination, memory and cognition, a possible role of selenium and selenoproteins in brain signalling pathways may be assumed. The aim of the present review is to analyse possible relations between selenium and neurotransmission. Selenoproteins seem to be of special importance in the development and functioning of GABAergic (GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid) parvalbumin positive interneurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Dopamine pathway might be also selenium dependent as selenium shows neuroprotection in the nigrostriatal pathway and also exerts toxicity towards dopaminergic neurons under higher concentrations. Recent findings also point to acetylcholine neurotransmission involvement. The role of selenium and selenoproteins in neurotransmission might not only be limited to their antioxidant properties but also to inflammation, influencing protein phosphorylation and ion channels, alteration of calcium homeostasis and brain cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, a direct signalling function was proposed for selenoprotein P through interaction with post-synaptic apoliprotein E receptors 2 (ApoER2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay D Solovyev
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation.
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22
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Carroll L, Davies MJ, Pattison DI. Reaction of low-molecular-mass organoselenium compounds (and their sulphur analogues) with inflammation-associated oxidants. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:750-67. [PMID: 25854915 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1018247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element in mammals, with the majority specifically encoded as seleno-L-cysteine into a range of selenoproteins. Many of these proteins play a key role in modulating oxidative stress, via either direct detoxification of biological oxidants, or repair of oxidised residues. Both selenium- and sulphur-containing residues react readily with the wide range of oxidants (including hydrogen peroxide, radicals, singlet oxygen and hypochlorous, hypobromous, hypothiocyanous and peroxynitrous acids) that are produced during inflammation and have been implicated in the development of a range of inflammatory diseases. Whilst selenium has similar properties to sulphur, it typically exhibits greater reactivity with most oxidants, and there are considerable differences in the subsequent reactivity and ease of repair of the oxidised species that are formed. This review discusses the chemistry of low-molecular-mass organoselenium compounds (e.g. selenoethers, diselenides and selenols) with inflammatory oxidants, with a particular focus on the reaction kinetics and product studies, with the differences in reactivity between selenium and sulphur analogues described in the selected examples. These data provide insight into the therapeutic potential of low-molecular-mass selenium-containing compounds to modulate the activity of both radical and molecular oxidants and provide protection against inflammation-induced damage. Progress in their therapeutic development (including modulation of potential selenium toxicity by strategic design) is demonstrated by a brief summary of some recent studies where novel organoselenium compounds have been used as wound healing or radioprotection agents and in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carroll
- The Heart Research Institute , Newtown, Sydney , Australia
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23
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Misra S, Boylan M, Selvam A, Spallholz JE, Björnstedt M. Redox-active selenium compounds--from toxicity and cell death to cancer treatment. Nutrients 2015; 7:3536-56. [PMID: 25984742 PMCID: PMC4446766 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is generally known as an antioxidant due to its presence in selenoproteins as selenocysteine, but it is also toxic. The toxic effects of selenium are, however, strictly concentration and chemical species dependent. One class of selenium compounds is a potent inhibitor of cell growth with remarkable tumor specificity. These redox active compounds are pro-oxidative and highly cytotoxic to tumor cells and are promising candidates to be used in chemotherapy against cancer. Herein we elaborate upon the major forms of dietary selenium compounds, their metabolic pathways, and their antioxidant and pro-oxidant potentials with emphasis on cytotoxic mechanisms. Relative cytotoxicity of inorganic selenite and organic selenocystine compounds to different cancer cells are presented as evidence to our perspective. Furthermore, new novel classes of selenium compounds specifically designed to target tumor cells are presented and the potential of selenium in modern oncology is extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Misra
- Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
| | - Mallory Boylan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41270, Lubbock, TX 79409-1270, USA.
| | - Arun Selvam
- Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
| | - Julian E Spallholz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41270, Lubbock, TX 79409-1270, USA.
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
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24
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Finney LA, Jin Q. Preparing adherent cells for X-ray fluorescence imaging by chemical fixation. J Vis Exp 2015:52370. [PMID: 25867691 PMCID: PMC4401319 DOI: 10.3791/52370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence imaging allows us to non-destructively measure the spatial distribution and concentration of multiple elements simultaneously over large or small sample areas. It has been applied in many areas of science, including materials science, geoscience, studying works of cultural heritage, and in chemical biology. In the case of chemical biology, for example, visualizing the metal distributions within cells allows us to study both naturally-occurring metal ions in the cells, as well as exogenously-introduced metals such as drugs and nanoparticles. Due to the fully hydrated nature of nearly all biological samples, cryo-fixation followed by imaging under cryogenic temperature represents the ideal imaging modality currently available. However, under the circumstances that such a combination is not easily accessible or practical, aldehyde based chemical fixation remains useful and sometimes inevitable. This article describes in as much detail as possible in the preparation of adherent mammalian cells by chemical fixation for X-ray fluorescent imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A Finney
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory;
| | - Qiaoling Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University
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25
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Ceko MJ, Hummitzsch K, Hatzirodos N, Bonner W, James SA, Kirby JK, Rodgers RJ, Harris HH. Distribution and speciation of bromine in mammalian tissue and fluids by X-ray fluorescence imaging and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Metallomics 2015; 7:756-65. [PMID: 25675086 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bromine is one of the most abundant and ubiquitous trace elements in the biosphere and until recently had not been shown to perform any essential biological function in animals. A recent study demonstrated that bromine is required as a cofactor for peroxidasin-catalysed formation of sulfilimine crosslinks in Drosophila. In addition, bromine dietary deficiency is lethal in Drosophila, whereas bromine replenishment restores viability. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution and speciation of bromine in mammalian tissues and fluids to provide further insights into the role and function of this element in biological systems. In this study we used X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to examine the distribution of bromine in bovine ovarian tissue samples, follicular fluid and aortic serum, as well as human whole blood and serum and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to identify the chemical species of bromine in a range of mammalian tissue (bovine, ovine, porcine and murine), whole blood and serum samples (bovine, ovine, porcine, murine and human), and marine samples (salmon (Salmo salar), kingfish (Seriola lalandi) and Scleractinian coral). Bromine was found to be widely distributed across all tissues and fluids examined. In the bovine ovary in particular it was more concentrated in the sub-endothelial regions of arterioles. Statistical comparison of the near-edge region of the X-ray absorption spectra with a library of bromine standards led to the conclusion that the major form of bromine in all samples analysed was bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Ceko
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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26
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Weekley CM, Aitken JB, Witting PK, Harris HH. XAS studies of Se speciation in selenite-fed rats. Metallomics 2014; 6:2193-203. [PMID: 25363824 PMCID: PMC4244600 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00227j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biological activity of selenium is dependent on its chemical form. Therefore, knowledge of Se chemistry in vivo is required for efficacious use of selenium compounds in disease prevention and treatment. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Se speciation in the kidney, liver, heart, spleen, testis and red blood cells of rats fed control (∼0.3 ppm Se) or selenite-supplemented (1 ppm or 5 ppm Se) diets for 3 or 6 weeks, was investigated. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed the presence of Se-Se and Se-C species in the kidney and liver, and Se-S species in the kidney, but not the liver. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra showed that there was variation in speciation in the liver and kidneys, but Se speciation was much more uniform in the remaining organs. Using principal component analysis (PCA) to interpret the Se K-edge X-ray absorption spectra, we were able to directly compare the speciation of Se in two different models of selenite metabolism--human lung cancer cells and rat tissues. The effects of Se dose, tissue type and duration of diet on selenium speciation in rat tissues were investigated, and a relationship between the duration of the diet (3 weeks versus 6 weeks) and selenium speciation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Weekley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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27
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Pushie MJ, Pickering I, Korbas M, Hackett MJ, George GN. Elemental and chemically specific X-ray fluorescence imaging of biological systems. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8499-541. [PMID: 25102317 PMCID: PMC4160287 DOI: 10.1021/cr4007297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jake Pushie
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ingrid
J. Pickering
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology
Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Canadian
Light Source Inc., 44
Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University
of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology
Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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28
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Kong SMY, Chan BKK, Park JS, Hill KJ, Aitken JB, Cottle L, Farghaian H, Cole AR, Lay PA, Sue CM, Cooper AA. Parkinson's disease-linked human PARK9/ATP13A2 maintains zinc homeostasis and promotes α-Synuclein externalization via exosomes. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:2816-33. [PMID: 24603074 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein plays a central causative role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Increased expression of the P-type ATPase ion pump PARK9/ATP13A2 suppresses α-Synuclein toxicity in primary neurons. Our data indicate that ATP13A2 encodes a zinc pump; neurospheres from a compound heterozygous ATP13A2(-/-) patient and ATP13A2 knockdown cells are sensitive to zinc, whereas ATP13A2 over-expression in primary neurons confers zinc resistance. Reduced ATP13A2 expression significantly decreased vesicular zinc levels, indicating ATP13A2 facilitates transport of zinc into membrane-bound compartments or vesicles. Endogenous ATP13A2 localized to multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs), a late endosomal compartment located at the convergence point of the endosomal and autophagic pathways. Dysfunction in MVBs can cause a range of detrimental effects including lysosomal dysfunction and impaired delivery of endocytosed proteins/autophagy cargo to the lysosome, both of which have been observed in cells with reduced ATP13A2 function. MVBs also serve as the source of intra-luminal nanovesicles released extracellularly as exosomes that can contain a range of cargoes including α-Synuclein. Elevated ATP13A2 expression reduced intracellular α-Synuclein levels and increased α-Synuclein externalization in exosomes >3-fold whereas ATP13A2 knockdown decreased α-Synuclein externalization. An increased export of exosome-associated α-Synuclein may explain why surviving neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta in sporadic PD patients were observed to over-express ATP13A2. We propose ATP13A2's modulation of zinc levels in MVBs can regulate the biogenesis of exosomes capable of containing α-Synuclein. Our data indicate that ATP13A2 is the first PD-associated gene involved in exosome biogenesis and indicates a potential neuroprotective role of exosomes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Y Kong
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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Weekley CM, Shanu A, Aitken JB, Vogt S, Witting PK, Harris HH. XAS and XFM studies of selenium and copper speciation and distribution in the kidneys of selenite-supplemented rats. Metallomics 2014; 6:1602-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Se and Cu were colocalised in the kidneys of selenite-fed rats, but there was no evidence of Se–Cu bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Weekley
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- The University of Adelaide
- , Australia
| | - Anu Shanu
- The Discipline of Pathology
- The University of Sydney
- , Australia
| | | | - Stefan Vogt
- X-Ray Science Division
- Advanced Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont, USA
| | - Paul K. Witting
- The Discipline of Pathology
- The University of Sydney
- , Australia
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- The University of Adelaide
- , Australia
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Antony S, Aitken JB, Vogt S, Lai B, Brown T, Spiccia L, Harris HH. X-ray fluorescence imaging of single human cancer cells reveals that the N-heterocyclic ligands of iodinated analogues of ruthenium anticancer drugs remain coordinated after cellular uptake. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:845-53. [PMID: 23943098 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of KP1019 containing iodinated indazole ligands were prepared to investigate the biological fate of the Ru-N-heterocycle bond in this class of anticancer agents. The new complexes, 5-iodoindazolium trans-tetrachloridobis(5-iodoindazole)ruthen(III)ate (1) and 5-iodoindazolium trans-tetrachlorido(dimethyl sulfoxide)(5-iodoindazole)ruthen(III)ate (3), were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Tetramethylammonium salts of these complexes (2 and 4) were synthesized and characterized in a similar manner. Half-maximum inhibitory concentrations of 2 and 4 with regard to A549 cells at 24 h were determined on the basis of the dose-response curves derived from real-time cell adhesion impedance measurements and were shown to be in the same range as those determined for KP1019 and NAMI-A using the same method. X-ray fluorescence imaging of single cultured A549 cells treated with 2 or 4 showed that, in both cases, the distribution of ruthenium and iodine was identical, indicating that the Ru-N bonds in the anionic complexes remained intact after incubation in culture medium and subsequent cellular uptake and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumy Antony
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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31
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Font M, Lizarraga E, Ibáñez E, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Palop JA. Structural variations on antitumour agents derived from bisacylimidoselenocarbamate. A proposal for structure–activity relationships based on the analysis of conformational behaviour. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:489-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Weekley CM, Aitken JB, Finney L, Vogt S, Witting PK, Harris HH. Selenium metabolism in cancer cells: the combined application of XAS and XFM techniques to the problem of selenium speciation in biological systems. Nutrients 2013; 5:1734-56. [PMID: 23698165 PMCID: PMC3708347 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the speciation of selenium in vivo is crucial to understanding the biological activity of this essential element, which is a popular dietary supplement due to its anti-cancer properties. Hyphenated techniques that combine separation and detection methods are traditionally and effectively used in selenium speciation analysis, but require extensive sample preparation that may affect speciation. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption and fluorescence techniques offer an alternative approach to selenium speciation analysis that requires minimal sample preparation. We present a brief summary of some key HPLC-ICP-MS and ESI-MS/MS studies of the speciation of selenium in cells and rat tissues. We review the results of a top-down approach to selenium speciation in human lung cancer cells that aims to link the speciation and distribution of selenium to its biological activity using a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results of this approach highlight the distinct fates of selenomethionine, methylselenocysteine and selenite in terms of their speciation and distribution within cells: organic selenium metabolites were widely distributed throughout the cells, whereas inorganic selenium metabolites were compartmentalized and associated with copper. New data from the XFM mapping of electrophoretically-separated cell lysates show the distribution of selenium in the proteins of selenomethionine-treated cells. Future applications of this top-down approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Weekley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Jade B. Aitken
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Lydia Finney
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; E-Mails: (L.F.); (S.V.)
- Biosciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; E-Mails: (L.F.); (S.V.)
| | - Paul K. Witting
- The Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-08-8313-5060; Fax: +61-08-8313-4358
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Font M, Zuazo A, Ansó E, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Palop JA, Martínez-Irujo JJ. Novel structural insights for imidoselenocarbamates with antitumoral activity related to their ability to generate methylselenol. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5110-6. [PMID: 22863528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the search for molecules with potential antiangiogenic activity we found that several imidoselenocarbamate derivatives, which have pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative activities, under hypoxic conditions release methylselenol, a volatile and highly reactive gas that was considered to be responsible for the observed biological activity. The kinetic for the liberation of methylselenol is highly dependent on the nature of the overall structure and correlate with their proven pro-apoptotic activity in lung cancer cell line H157. The preliminary structure-activity relationships allow us to select as the basic structural element a scaffold constructed with an imidoselenocarbamate fragment decorated with a methyl residue on the Se central atom and two heteroaromatic lateral rings. These imidoselenocarbamate derivatives may be of interest both for their antitumoral activities and because they have a structure that can be considered as a template for the design of new derivatives with apoptotic activity. This activity is related to the controlled delivery of methylselenol and makes this an interesting approach to develop new antitumoral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Font
- Sección de Modelización Molecular, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Misra S, Peak D, Chen N, Hamilton C, Niyogi S. Tissue-specific accumulation and speciation of selenium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to elevated dietary selenomethionine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:560-5. [PMID: 22261037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of selenium in fish is influenced by its chemical speciation and the exposure route. In the natural environment, selenium exposure to fish occurs primarily in the form of selenomethionine in diet. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine the tissue-specific selenium burden and speciation in fish exposed to elevated dietary selenomethionine. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were treated with dietary selenomethionine (40 μg g(-1) dry mass) for 2 weeks, and at the end of the exposure different tissue samples were collected to assess the tissue-specific distribution and speciation of selenium. We used synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) to determine the selenium speciation profile. Selenomethionine, selenocysteine and selenocystine were found to be the predominant form of selenium in all of the tissues; however their relative proportion varied across different tissues. In general, the organs primarily involved in selenium handling in fish (e.g., liver, kidney) accumulated a higher percentage of selenocystine. We also found that dietary selenomethionine exposure resulted into a marked increase in selenium burden of all major tissues in fish including the brain. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the tissue-specific distribution and speciation of selenium in fish exposed to selenomethionine via diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Misra
- Department of Biology, 112 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E2
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35
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Weekley CM, Aitken JB, Musgrave IF, Harris HH. Methylselenocysteine treatment leads to diselenide formation in human cancer cells: evidence from X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies. Biochemistry 2012; 51:736-8. [PMID: 22242710 DOI: 10.1021/bi201462u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The selenoamino acids methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet) have disparate efficacies as anticancer agents. Herein, we use X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the chemical form of selenium in human neuroblastoma cells. Cells treated with MeSeCys contain a significant diselenide component, which is absent from SeMet-treated cells and suggests that metabolites of MeSeCys are capable of altering the redox status of the cells. The differences in the speciation of Se in the selenoamino acid-treated cells may provide insight into the differing anticancer activities of MeSeCys and SeMet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Weekley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Dillon CT. Synchrotron Radiation Spectroscopic Techniques as Tools for the Medicinal Chemist: Microprobe X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, and Infrared Microspectroscopy. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review updates the recent advances and applications of three prominent synchrotron radiation techniques, microprobe X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy/imaging, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and infrared microspectroscopy, and highlights how these tools are useful to the medicinal chemist. A brief description of the principles of the techniques is given with emphasis on the advantages of using synchrotron radiation-based instrumentation rather than instruments using typical laboratory radiation sources. This review focuses on several recent applications of these techniques to solve inorganic medicinal chemistry problems, focusing on studies of cellular uptake, distribution, and biotransformation of established and potential therapeutic agents. The importance of using these synchrotron-based techniques to assist the development of, or validate the chemistry behind, drug design is discussed.
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Aitken JB, Antony S, Weekley CM, Lai B, Spiccia L, Harris HH. Distinct cellular fates for KP1019 and NAMI-A determined by X-ray fluorescence imaging of single cells. Metallomics 2012; 4:1051-6, 1007. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Suryo Rahmanto A, Davies MJ. Catalytic activity of selenomethionine in removing amino acid, peptide, and protein hydroperoxides. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2288-99. [PMID: 22015433 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is a critical trace element, with deficiency associated with numerous diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Selenomethionine (SeMet; a selenium analogue of the amino acid methionine, Met) is a major form of organic selenium and an important dietary source of selenium for selenoprotein synthesis in vivo. As selenium compounds can be readily oxidized and reduced, and selenocysteine residues play a critical role in the catalytic activity of the key protective enzymes glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, we investigated the ability of SeMet (and its sulfur analogue, Met) to scavenge hydroperoxides present on amino acids, peptides, and proteins, which are key intermediates in protein oxidation. We show that SeMet, but not Met, can remove these species both stoichiometrically and catalytically in the presence of glutathione (GSH) or a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)/thioredoxin (Trx)/NADPH system. Reaction of the hydroperoxide with SeMet results in selenoxide formation as detected by HPLC. Recycling of the selenoxide back to SeMet occurs rapidly with GSH, TrxR/NADPH, or a complete TrxR/Trx/NADPH reducing system, with this resulting in an enhanced rate of peroxide removal. In the complete TrxR/Trx/NADPH system loss of peroxide is essentially stoichiometric with NADPH consumption, indicative of a highly efficient system. Similar reactions do not occur with Met under these conditions. Studies using murine macrophage-like J774A.1 cells demonstrate a greater peroxide-removing capacity in cells supplemented with SeMet, compared to nonsupplemented controls. Overall, these findings demonstrate that SeMet may play an important role in the catalytic removal of damaging peptide and protein oxidation products.
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Weekley CM, Aitken JB, Vogt S, Finney LA, Paterson DJ, de Jonge MD, Howard DL, Witting PK, Musgrave IF, Harris HH. Metabolism of selenite in human lung cancer cells: X-ray absorption and fluorescence studies. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18272-9. [PMID: 21957893 PMCID: PMC3237720 DOI: 10.1021/ja206203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selenite is an inorganic form of selenium that has a cytotoxic effect against several human cancer cell lines: one or more selenite metabolites are considered to be responsible for its toxicity. X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor Se speciation in A549 human lung cancer cells incubated with selenite over 72 h. As anticipated, selenodiglutathione and elemental Se both comprised a large proportion of Se in the cells between 4 and 72 h after treatment, which is in accordance with the reductive metabolism of selenite in the presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase/NADPH system. Selenocystine was also present in the cells but was only detected as a significant component between 24 and 48 h concomitant with a decrease in the proportion of selenocysteine and the viability of the cells. The change in speciation from the selenol, selenocysteine, to the diselenide, selenocystine, is indicative of a change in the redox status of the cells to a more oxidizing environment, likely brought about by metabolites of selenite. X-ray fluorescence microscopy of single cells treated with selenite for 24 h revealed a punctate distribution of Se in the cytoplasm. The accumulation of Se was associated with a greater than 2-fold increase in Cu, which was colocalized with Se. Selenium K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy revealed Se-Se and Se-S bonding, but not Se-Cu bonding, despite the spatial association of Se and Cu. Microprobe X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (μ-XANES) showed that the highly localized Se species was mostly elemental Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Weekley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jade B. Aitken
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Lydia A. Finney
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul K. Witting
- The Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ian F. Musgrave
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, S-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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