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Bartoccini F, Retini M, Crinelli R, Menotta M, Fraternale A, Piersanti G. Dithiol Based on l-Cysteine and Cysteamine as a Disulfide-Reducing Agent. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10073-10079. [PMID: 35862282 PMCID: PMC9361291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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We report the synthesis, chemical properties, and disulfide
bond-reducing
performance of a dithiol called NACMEAA, conceived as a hybrid of
two biologically relevant thiols: cysteine and cysteamine. NACMEAA
is conveniently prepared from inexpensive l-cystine in an
efficient manner. As a nonvolatile, highly soluble, and neutral compound
at physiological pH with the first thiol pKa value of 8.0, NACMEAA is reactive and user-friendly. We also demonstrate
that NACMEAA reduces disulfide bonds in GSSG and lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Rita Crinelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Michele Menotta
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
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2
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Skeens E, Gadzuk-Shea M, Shah D, Bhandari V, Schweppe DK, Berlow RB, Lisi GP. Redox-dependent structure and dynamics of macrophage migration inhibitory factor reveal sites of latent allostery. Structure 2022; 30:840-850.e6. [PMID: 35381187 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional immunoregulatory protein that is a key player in the innate immune response. Given its overexpression at sites of inflammation and in diseases marked by increasingly oxidative environments, a comprehensive understanding of how cellular redox conditions impact the structure and function of MIF is necessary. We used NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to investigate biophysical signatures of MIF under varied solution redox conditions. Our results indicate that the MIF structure is modified and becomes increasingly dynamic in an oxidative environment, which may be a means to alter the MIF conformation and functional response in a redox-dependent manner. We identified latent allosteric sites within MIF through mutational analysis of redox-sensitive residues, revealing that a loss of redox-responsive residues attenuates CD74 receptor activation. Leveraging sites of redox sensitivity as targets for structure-based drug design therefore reveals an avenue to modulate MIF function in its "disease state."
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Skeens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Meagan Gadzuk-Shea
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dilip Shah
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Devin K Schweppe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rebecca B Berlow
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - George P Lisi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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3
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Gerth F, Jäpel M, Sticht J, Kuropka B, Schmitt XJ, Driller JH, Loll B, Wahl MC, Pagel K, Haucke V, Freund C. Exon Inclusion Modulates Conformational Plasticity and Autoinhibition of the Intersectin 1 SH3A Domain. Structure 2019; 27:977-987.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Kuropka B, Schraven B, Kliche S, Krause E, Freund C. Tyrosine-phosphorylation of the scaffold protein ADAP and its role in T cell signaling. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 13:545-54. [PMID: 27258783 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1187565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Adhesion and Degranulation promoting Adaptor Protein (ADAP) is phosphorylated upon T cell activation and acts as a scaffold for the formation of a signaling complex that integrates molecular interactions between T cell or chemokine receptors, the actin cytoskeleton, and integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and migration. AREAS COVERED This article reviews current knowledge of the functions of the adapter protein ADAP in T cell signaling with a focus on the role of individual phosphotyrosine (pY) motifs for SH2 domain mediated interactions. The data presented was obtained from literature searches (PubMed) as well as the authors own research on the topic. Expert commentary: ADAP can be regarded as a paradigmatic example of how tyrosine phosphorylation sites serve as dynamic interaction hubs. Molecular crowding at unstructured and redundant sites (pY595, pY651) is contrasted by more specific interactions enabled by the three-dimensional environment of a particular phosphotyrosine motif (pY571).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Kuropka
- a Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Protein Biochemistry Group , Berlin , Germany.,b Mass Spectrometry Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Berlin , Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- c Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology , Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg , Germany.,d Department of Immune Control , Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI) , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- c Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology , Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- b Mass Spectrometry Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Berlin , Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- a Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Protein Biochemistry Group , Berlin , Germany
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5
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Rodriguez Camargo DC, Tripsianes K, Buday K, Franko A, Göbl C, Hartlmüller C, Sarkar R, Aichler M, Mettenleiter G, Schulz M, Böddrich A, Erck C, Martens H, Walch AK, Madl T, Wanker EE, Conrad M, de Angelis MH, Reif B. The redox environment triggers conformational changes and aggregation of hIAPP in Type II Diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44041. [PMID: 28287098 PMCID: PMC5347123 DOI: 10.1038/srep44041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes (T2D) is characterized by diminished insulin production and resistance of cells to insulin. Among others, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a principal factor contributing to T2D and induces a shift towards a more reducing cellular environment. At the same time, peripheral insulin resistance triggers the over-production of regulatory hormones such as insulin and human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP). We show that the differential aggregation of reduced and oxidized hIAPP assists to maintain the redox equilibrium by restoring redox equivalents. Aggregation thus induces redox balancing which can assist initially to counteract ER stress. Failure of the protein degradation machinery might finally result in β-cell disruption and cell death. We further present a structural characterization of hIAPP in solution, demonstrating that the N-terminus of the oxidized peptide has a high propensity to form an α-helical structure which is lacking in the reduced state of hIAPP. In healthy cells, this residual structure prevents the conversion into amyloidogenic aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Rodriguez Camargo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany
| | - Konstantinos Tripsianes
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Katalin Buday
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Andras Franko
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Christoph Göbl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany
| | - Christoph Hartlmüller
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany
| | - Riddhiman Sarkar
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schulz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Annett Böddrich
- Max-Delbrück-Center Berlin (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Christian Erck
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straße 28, Göttingen, 37079, Germany
| | - Henrik Martens
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straße 28, Göttingen, 37079, Germany
| | - Axel Karl Walch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology &Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Max-Delbrück-Center Berlin (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany
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6
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Hung CW, Koudelka T, Anastasi C, Becker A, Moali C, Tholey A. Characterization of post-translational modifications in full-length human BMP-1 confirms the presence of a rare vicinal disulfide linkage in the catalytic domain and highlights novel features of the EGF domain. J Proteomics 2016; 138:136-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Brust A, Croker DE, Colless B, Ragnarsson L, Andersson Å, Jain K, Garcia-Caraballo S, Castro J, Brierley SM, Alewood PF, Lewis RJ. Conopeptide-Derived κ-Opioid Agonists (Conorphins): Potent, Selective, and Metabolic Stable Dynorphin A Mimetics with Antinociceptive Properties. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2381-95. [PMID: 26859603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptor screening of a conopeptide library led to a novel selective κ-opioid agonist peptide (conorphin T). Intensive medicinal chemistry, guided by potency, selectivity, and stability assays generated a pharmacophore model supporting rational design of highly potent and selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists (conorphins) with exceptional plasma stability. Conorphins are defined by a hydrophobic benzoprolyl moiety, a double arginine sequence, a spacer amino acid followed by a hydrophobic residue and a C-terminal vicinal disulfide moiety. The pharmacophore model was supported by computational docking studies, revealing receptor-ligand interactions similar to KOR agonist dynorphin A (1-8). A conorphin agonist inhibited colonic nociceptors in a mouse tissue model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity, suggesting the potential of KOR agonists for the treatment of chronic abdominal pain. This new conorphine KOR agonist class and pharmacophore model provide opportunities for future rational drug development and probes for exploring the role of the κ-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brust
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel E Croker
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Barbara Colless
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lotten Ragnarsson
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Åsa Andersson
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Kapil Jain
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Sonia Garcia-Caraballo
- Visceral Pain Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI , Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI , Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI , Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Paul F Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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8
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Kuropka B, Witte A, Sticht J, Waldt N, Majkut P, Hackenberger CPR, Schraven B, Krause E, Kliche S, Freund C. Analysis of Phosphorylation-dependent Protein Interactions of Adhesion and Degranulation Promoting Adaptor Protein (ADAP) Reveals Novel Interaction Partners Required for Chemokine-directed T cell Migration. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2961-72. [PMID: 26246585 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.048249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of T cells leads to distinct changes of their adhesive and migratory properties. Signal propagation from activated receptors to integrins depends on scaffolding proteins such as the adhesion and degranulation promoting adaptor protein (ADAP)(1). Here we have comprehensively investigated the phosphotyrosine interactome of ADAP in T cells and define known and novel interaction partners of functional relevance. While most phosphosites reside in unstructured regions of the protein, thereby defining classical SH2 domain interaction sites for master regulators of T cell signaling such as SLP76, Fyn-kinase, and NCK, other binding events depend on structural context. Interaction proteomics using different ADAP constructs comprising most of the known phosphotyrosine motifs as well as the structured domains confirm that a distinct set of proteins is attracted by pY571 of ADAP, including the ζ-chain-associated protein kinase of 70 kDa (ZAP70). The interaction of ADAP and ZAP70 is inducible upon stimulation either of the T cell receptor (TCR) or by chemokine. NMR spectroscopy reveals that the N-terminal SH2 domains within a ZAP70-tandem-SH2 construct is the major site of interaction with phosphorylated ADAP-hSH3(N) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) indicates an intermediate binding affinity (Kd = 2.3 μm). Interestingly, although T cell receptor dependent events such as T cell/antigen presenting cell (APC) conjugate formation and adhesion are not affected by mutation of Y571, migration of T cells along a chemokine gradient is compromised. Thus, although most phospho-sites in ADAP are linked to T cell receptor related functions we have identified a unique phosphotyrosine that is solely required for chemokine induced T cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Kuropka
- From the ‡Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Protein Biochemistry group, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany; §Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amelie Witte
- ¶Otto-von-Guericke-University, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jana Sticht
- From the ‡Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Protein Biochemistry group, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Waldt
- ¶Otto-von-Guericke-University, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul Majkut
- §Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; ‖RiNA GmbH, Volmerstrasse 9, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Burkhart Schraven
- ¶Otto-von-Guericke-University, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; **Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Immune Control, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- §Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- ¶Otto-von-Guericke-University, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Christian Freund
- From the ‡Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Protein Biochemistry group, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
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9
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Modification by covalent reaction or oxidation of cysteine residues in the tandem-SH2 domains of ZAP-70 and Syk can block phosphopeptide binding. Biochem J 2015; 465:149-61. [PMID: 25287889 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zeta-chain associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP-70) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that are essential for T-cell and B-cell antigen receptor signalling respectively. They are recruited, via their tandem-SH2 (Src-homology domain 2) domains, to doubly phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) on invariant chains of immune antigen receptors. Because of their critical roles in immune signalling, ZAP-70 and Syk are targets for the development of drugs for autoimmune diseases. We show that three thiol-reactive small molecules can prevent the tandem-SH2 domains of ZAP-70 and Syk from binding to phosphorylated ITAMs. We identify a specific cysteine residue in the phosphotyrosine-binding pocket of each protein (Cys39 in ZAP-70, Cys206 in Syk) that is necessary for inhibition by two of these compounds. We also find that ITAM binding to ZAP-70 and Syk is sensitive to the presence of H2O2 and these two cysteine residues are also necessary for inhibition by H2O2. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which the reactive oxygen species generated during responses to antigen could attenuate signalling through these kinases and may also inform the development of ZAP-70 and Syk inhibitors that bind covalently to their SH2 domains.
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10
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Ruggles EL, Deker PB, Hondal RJ. Conformational analysis of oxidized peptide fragments of the C-terminal redox center in thioredoxin reductases by NMR spectroscopy. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:349-60. [PMID: 24599608 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vicinal disulfide rings (VDRs) occur when a disulfide bond forms between adjacent cysteine residues in a protein and results in a rare eight-membered ring structure. This eight-membered ring has been found to exist in four major conformations in solution, divided between cis and trans conformers. Some selenoenzymes use a special type of VDR in which selenium replaces sulfur, generating a vicinal selenosulfide ring (VSeSR). Here, we provide evidence that this substitution reduces ring strain, resulting in a strong preference for the trans conformation relative to cis in a VSeSR (cis:trans - 9:91). This was determined by using the 'γ-gauche effect', which makes use of both (1) H-NMR and two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques for determining the amide bond conformeric ratio. The presence of selenium in a VSeSR also lowers the dihedral strain energy (DSE) of the selenosulfide bond relative to the disulfide bond of VDRs. While cis amide geometry decreases strain on the amide bond, it increases strain on the scissile disulfide bond of the VDR found in thioredoxin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster (DmTR). We hypothesize that the cis conformation of the VDR is the catalytically competent conformer for thiol/disulfide exchange. This hypothesis was investigated by computing the DSE of VDR and VSeSR conformers, the structure of which was determined by 2D NMR spectroscopy and energy minimization. The computed values of the VDR from DmTR are 16.5 kJ/mol DSE and 14.3 kJ/mol for the C+ and T- conformers, respectively, supporting the hypothesis that the enzyme uses the C+ conformer for thiol/disulfide exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L Ruggles
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Laboratory, Room B413, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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11
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Brust A, Wang CIA, Daly NL, Kennerly J, Sadeghi M, Christie MJ, Lewis RJ, Mobli M, Alewood PF. Vicinal Disulfide Constrained Cyclic Peptidomimetics: a Turn Mimetic Scaffold Targeting the Norepinephrine Transporter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12020-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Brust A, Wang CIA, Daly NL, Kennerly J, Sadeghi M, Christie MJ, Lewis RJ, Mobli M, Alewood PF. Vicinal Disulfide Constrained Cyclic Peptidomimetics: a Turn Mimetic Scaffold Targeting the Norepinephrine Transporter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Structures and target recognition modes of PDZ domains: recurring themes and emerging pictures. Biochem J 2013; 455:1-14. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20130783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PDZ domains are highly abundant protein–protein interaction modules and are often found in multidomain scaffold proteins. PDZ-domain-containing scaffold proteins regulate multiple biological processes, including trafficking and clustering receptors and ion channels at defined membrane regions, organizing and targeting signalling complexes at specific cellular compartments, interfacing cytoskeletal structures with membranes, and maintaining various cellular structures. PDZ domains, each with ~90-amino-acid residues folding into a highly similar structure, are best known to bind to short C-terminal tail peptides of their target proteins. A series of recent studies have revealed that, in addition to the canonical target-binding mode, many PDZ–target interactions involve amino acid residues beyond the regular PDZ domain fold, which we refer to as extensions. Such extension sequences often form an integral structural and functional unit with the attached PDZ domain, which is defined as a PDZ supramodule. Correspondingly, PDZ-domain-binding sequences from target proteins are frequently found to require extension sequences beyond canonical short C-terminal tail peptides. Formation of PDZ supramodules not only affords necessary binding specificities and affinities demanded by physiological functions of PDZ domain targets, but also provides regulatory switches to be built in the PDZ–target interactions. At the 20th anniversary of the discovery of PDZ domain proteins, we try to summarize structural features and target-binding properties of such PDZ supramodules emerging from studies in recent years.
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14
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Piotukh K, Freund C. A novel hSH3 domain scaffold engineered to bind folded domains in CD2BP2 and HIV capsid protein. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:649-56. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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15
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Li B, Zhao Y, Liang L, Ren H, Xing Y, Chen L, Sun M, Wang Y, Han Y, Jia H, Huang C, Wu Z, Jia W. Purification and characterization of ZmRIP1, a novel reductant-inhibited protein tyrosine phosphatase from maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:671-81. [PMID: 22529284 PMCID: PMC3375933 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.191510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) have long been thought to be activated by reductants and deactivated by oxidants, owing to the presence of a crucial sulfhydryl group in their catalytic centers. In this article, we report the purification and characterization of Reductant-Inhibited PTPase1 (ZmRIP1) from maize (Zea mays) coleoptiles, and show that this PTPase has a unique mode of redox regulation and signaling. Surprisingly, ZmRIP1 was found to be deactivated by a reductant. A cysteine (Cys) residue (Cys-181) near the active center was found to regulate this unique mode of redox regulation, as mutation of Cys-181 to arginine-181 allowed ZmRIP1 to be activated by a reductant. In response to oxidant treatment, ZmRIP1 was translocated from the chloroplast to the nucleus. Expression of ZmRIP1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants and maize protoplasts altered the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in antioxidant catabolism, such as At1g02950, which encodes a glutathione transferase. Thus, the novel PTPase identified in this study is predicted to function in redox signaling in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huibo Ren
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.L., Y.Z., L.L., H.R., Y.X., L.C., M.S., Y.W., Y.H., H.J., W.J.); Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (C.H., Z.W.)
| | - Yu Xing
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.L., Y.Z., L.L., H.R., Y.X., L.C., M.S., Y.W., Y.H., H.J., W.J.); Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (C.H., Z.W.)
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.L., Y.Z., L.L., H.R., Y.X., L.C., M.S., Y.W., Y.H., H.J., W.J.); Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (C.H., Z.W.)
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.L., Y.Z., L.L., H.R., Y.X., L.C., M.S., Y.W., Y.H., H.J., W.J.); Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (C.H., Z.W.)
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.L., Y.Z., L.L., H.R., Y.X., L.C., M.S., Y.W., Y.H., H.J., W.J.); Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (C.H., Z.W.)
| | - Yu Han
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.L., Y.Z., L.L., H.R., Y.X., L.C., M.S., Y.W., Y.H., H.J., W.J.); Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (C.H., Z.W.)
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.L., Y.Z., L.L., H.R., Y.X., L.C., M.S., Y.W., Y.H., H.J., W.J.); Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (C.H., Z.W.)
| | - Conglin Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.L., Y.Z., L.L., H.R., Y.X., L.C., M.S., Y.W., Y.H., H.J., W.J.); Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (C.H., Z.W.)
| | - Zhongyi Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.L., Y.Z., L.L., H.R., Y.X., L.C., M.S., Y.W., Y.H., H.J., W.J.); Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (C.H., Z.W.)
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.L., Y.Z., L.L., H.R., Y.X., L.C., M.S., Y.W., Y.H., H.J., W.J.); Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (C.H., Z.W.)
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Xi G, Shen X, Maile LA, Wai C, Gollahon K, Clemmons DR. Hyperglycemia enhances IGF-I-stimulated Src activation via increasing Nox4-derived reactive oxygen species in a PKCζ-dependent manner in vascular smooth muscle cells. Diabetes 2012; 61:104-13. [PMID: 22148072 PMCID: PMC3237650 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IGF-I-stimulated sarcoma viral oncogene (Src) activation during hyperglycemia is required for propagating downstream signaling. The aim of the current study was to determine the mechanism by which hyperglycemia enhances IGF-I-stimulated Src activation and the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) and protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) in mediating this response in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Nox4 expression was analyzed in VSMCs exposed to hyperglycemia. The role of Nox4-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in IGF-I-stimulated Src activation was investigated via knockdown of Nox4. Different isoforms of PKC were screened to investigate their role in hyperglycemia-induced Nox4. The oxidation of Src was shown to be a prerequisite for its activation in response to IGF-I during hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia induced Nox4, but not Nox1, and p22 phagocyte oxidase (p22phox) expression and IGF-I stimulated Nox4/p22phox complex formation, leading to increased ROS generation. Knockdown of Nox4 prevented ROS generation and impaired the oxidation and activation of Src in response to IGF-I, whereas knockdown of Nox1 had no effect. PKCζ was shown to mediate the hyperglycemia-induced increase in Nox4 expression. The key observations in cultured VSMCs were confirmed in the diabetic mice. Nox4-derived ROS is responsible for the enhancing effect of hyperglycemia on IGF-I-stimulated Src activation, which in turn amplifies IGF-I-linked downstream signaling and biological actions.
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Sylvester M, Kliche S, Lange S, Geithner S, Klemm C, Schlosser A, Großmann A, Stelzl U, Schraven B, Krause E, Freund C. Adhesion and degranulation promoting adapter protein (ADAP) is a central hub for phosphotyrosine-mediated interactions in T cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11708. [PMID: 20661443 PMCID: PMC2908683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TCR stimulation leads to an increase in cellular adhesion among other outcomes. The adhesion and degranulation promoting adapter protein (ADAP) is known to be rapidly phosphorylated after T cell stimulation and relays the TCR signal to adhesion molecules of the integrin family. While three tyrosine phosphorylation sites have been characterized biochemically, the binding capabilities and associated functions of several other potential phosphotyrosine motifs remain unclear. Here, we utilize in vitro phosphorylation and mass spectrometry to map novel phosphotyrosine sites in the C-terminal part of human ADAP (486–783). Individual tyrosines were then mutated to phenylalanine and their relevance for cellular adhesion and migration was tested experimentally. Functionally important tyrosine residues include two sites within the folded hSH3 domains of ADAP and two at the C-terminus. Furthermore, using a peptide pulldown approach in combination with stable isotope labeling in cell culture (SILAC) we identified SLP-76, PLCγ, PIK3R1, Nck, CRK, Gads, and RasGAP as phospho-dependent binding partners of a central YDDV motif of ADAP. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between ADAP and Nck was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid analysis, immunoprecipitation and binary pulldown experiments, indicating that ADAP directly links integrins to modulators of the cytoskeleton independent of SLP-76.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sylvester
- Protein Engineering Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Institut für Molekulare und Klinische Immunologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Lange
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Geithner
- Protein Engineering Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clementine Klemm
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arndt Großmann
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratorium, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratorium, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institut für Molekulare und Klinische Immunologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Protein Engineering Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Skinner AL, Vartia AA, Williams TD, Laurence JS. Enzyme activity of phosphatase of regenerating liver is controlled by the redox environment and its C-terminal residues. Biochemistry 2009; 48:4262-72. [PMID: 19341304 DOI: 10.1021/bi900241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1) belongs to a unique subfamily of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) associated with oncogenic and metastatic phenotypes. While considerable evidence supports a role for PRL-1 in promoting proliferation, the biological regulators and effectors of PRL-1 activity remain unknown. PRL-1 activity is inhibited by disulfide bond formation at the active site in vitro, suggesting PRL-1 may be susceptible to redox regulation in vivo. Because PRL-1 has been observed to localize to several different subcellular locations and cellular redox conditions vary with tissue type, age, stage of cell cycle, and subcellular location, we determined the reduction potential of the active site disulfide bond that controls phosphatase activity to improve our understanding of the function of PRL-1 in various cellular environments. We used high-resolution solution NMR spectroscopy to measure the potential and found it to be -364.3 +/- 1.5 mV. Because normal cellular environments range from -170 to -320 mV, we concluded that nascent PRL-1 would be primarily oxidized inside cells. Our studies show that a significant conformational change accompanies activation, suggesting a post-translational modification may alter the reduction potential, conferring activity. We further demonstrate that alteration of the C-terminus renders the protein reduced and active in vitro, implying the C-terminus is an important regulator of PRL-1 function. These data provide a basis for understanding how subcellular localization regulates the activity of PRL-1 and, with further investigation, may help reveal how PRL-1 promotes unique outcomes in different cellular systems, including proliferation in both normal and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria L Skinner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Ruggles EL, Deker PB, Hondal RJ. Synthesis, Redox Properties, and Conformational Analysis of Vicinal Disulfide Ring Mimics. Tetrahedron 2009; 65:1257-1267. [PMID: 23682198 PMCID: PMC3653589 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A vicinal disulfide ring (VDR) results from disulfide bond formation between two adjacent cysteine residues. This 8-membered ring is a rare motif in protein structures and is functionally important to those few proteins that posses it. This article focuses on the construction of strained and unstrained VDR mimics, discernment of the preferred conformation of these mimics, and the determination of their respective disulfide redox potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J. Hondal
- Corresponding Author: Department of Biochemistry, B413 Given Building, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, USA. Telephone: (802) 656-8282; Fax: (802) 656-8220;
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20
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Burbach BJ, Srivastava R, Medeiros RB, O'Gorman WE, Peterson EJ, Shimizu Y. Distinct regulation of integrin-dependent T cell conjugate formation and NF-kappa B activation by the adapter protein ADAP. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:4840-51. [PMID: 18802088 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.7.4840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Following TCR stimulation, T cells utilize the hematopoietic specific adhesion and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP) to control both integrin adhesive function and NF-kappaB transcription factor activation. We have investigated the molecular basis by which ADAP controls these events in primary murine ADAP(-/-) T cells. Naive DO11.10/ADAP(-/-) T cells show impaired adhesion to OVAp (OVA aa 323-339)-bearing APCs that is restored following reconstitution with wild-type ADAP. Mutational analysis demonstrates that the central proline-rich domain and the C-terminal domain of ADAP are required for rescue of T:APC conjugate formation. The ADAP proline-rich domain is sufficient to bind and stabilize the expression of SKAP55 (Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein of 55 kDa), which is otherwise absent from ADAP(-/-) T cells. Interestingly, forced expression of SKAP55 in the absence of ADAP is insufficient to drive T:APC conjugate formation, demonstrating that both ADAP and SKAP55 are required for optimal LFA-1 function. Additionally, the ADAP proline-rich domain is required for optimal Ag-induced activation of CD69, CD25, and Bcl-x(L), but is not required for assembly of the CARMA1/Bcl10/Malt1 (caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein 1/B-cell CLL-lymphoma 10/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1) signaling complex and subsequent TCR-dependent NF-kappaB activity. Our results indicate that ADAP is used downstream of TCR engagement to delineate two distinct molecular programs in which the ADAP/SKAP55 module is required for control of T:APC conjugate formation and functions independently of ADAP/CARMA1-mediated NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Burbach
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Piotukh K, Kosslick D, Zimmermann J, Krause E, Freund C. Reversible disulfide bond formation of intracellular proteins probed by NMR spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:1263-70. [PMID: 17893039 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reversible oxidation of amino acids within intracellular proteins leads to local and/or global conformational changes in protein structure. Thus, the enzymatic activity or binding properties of a protein might be regulated by local changes in a cell's redox potential, mediated by the availability of reducing/oxidizing equivalents. Whereas it is well established that intracellular pools of oxidizable groups compensate for oxidative stress, far less is known about the molecular mechanisms that accompany transient and reversible oxidation of cytoplasmic proteins. Therefore, the intrinsic redox properties of proteins amenable to reversible oxidation need to be determined. Here we describe the application of NMR spectroscopy to derive the redox properties of intracellular proteins. As exemplified for thioredoxin 1, the Tnk-1 kinase SH3 domain, and the hSH3(N) domain of the T cell protein ADAP, the conformational changes associated with disulfide bond formation can be followed directly upon titration with different ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Redox potentials can be measured accurately in homogeneous solutions and define the conditions under which regulatory oxidation of the respective protein may occur in the living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Piotukh
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology and Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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