1
|
Maruta T, Tanaka Y, Yamamoto K, Ishida T, Hamada A, Ishikawa T. Evolutionary insights into strategy shifts for the safe and effective accumulation of ascorbate in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2664-2681. [PMID: 38452239 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Plants accumulate high concentrations of ascorbate, commonly in their leaves, as a redox buffer. While ascorbate levels have increased during plant evolution, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are unclear. Moreover, has the increase in ascorbate concentration been achieved without imposing any detrimental effects on the plants? In this review, we focus on potential transitions in two regulatory mechanisms related to ascorbate biosynthesis and the availability of cellular dehydroascorbate (DHA) during plant evolution. The first transition might be that the trigger for the transcriptional induction of VTC2, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in ascorbate biosynthesis, has shifted from oxidative stress (in green algae) to light/photosynthesis (in land plants), probably enabling the continuous accumulation of ascorbate under illumination. This could serve as a preventive system against the unpredictable occurrence of oxidative stress. The second transition might be that DHA-degrading enzymes, which protect cells from the highly reactive DHA in green algae and mosses, have been lost in ferns or flowering plants. Instead, flowering plants may have increased glutathione concentrations to reinforce the DHA reduction capacity, possibly allowing ascorbate accumulation and avoiding the toxicity of DHA. These potential transitions may have contributed to strategies for plants' safe and effective accumulation of ascorbate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kojiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishida
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Akane Hamada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yadav P, Goel M, Gupta RD. Anti-biofilm potential of human senescence marker protein 30 against Mycobacterium smegmatis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:45. [PMID: 38114754 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Human senescence marker protein 30 (huSMP30) has been characterized as a multifaceted protein consisting of various enzymatic and cellular functions. It catalyzes the interconversion of L-gulonate and L-gulono-γ-lactone in the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that it could be a potential anti-biofilm agent against pathogenic bacteria due to its lactonase activity. In order to corroborate this, the huSMP30 was recombinantly expressed, purified, and analyzed for its ability to inhibit Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilm formation, which showed a concentration-dependent inhibition as compared to the untreated control group. Further, in silico analysis was performed to redesign the huSMP30 with enhanced lactonase activity. Molecular docking analysis of the huSMP30 and lactone substrates facilitated the selection of three single amino acid substitutions (E18H, N154Q, and D204V), which were created using a PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis reaction. These mutant proteins and the wild-type huSMP30 were purified, and the effects on the enzymatic activity and biofilm formation were studied. The mutants E18H and D204V showed non-significant effects on specific lactonase activity, catalytic efficiency, and anti-biofilm property; however, the mutant N154Q showed significant improvement in the specific lactonase activity, catalytic efficiency, and inhibition in the biofilm formation. The protein stability analysis revealed that the wild-type huSMP30 and its designed mutants were stable at 37 °C for up to 4 days. In conclusion, the anti-biofilm property of the huSMP30 has been established, and an engineered version, N154Q, inhibits biofilm formation with greater efficiency. Human SMP30 is a versatile protein with multiple cellular and enzymatic functions, however, its anti-biofilm potential has not been explored. Our work presents the method to produce soluble and active huSMP30 in the E. coli expression system and establishes its role as an anti-biofilm agent against Mycobacterium smegmatis owing to its lactonase activity. Our results provide support for the future advancement of huSMP30 as a potential anti-biofilm agent targeting pathogenic Mycobacterium species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyamedha Yadav
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Manik Goel
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamaguchi M. Regucalcin Is a Potential Regulator in Human Cancer: Aiming to Expand into Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5489. [PMID: 38001749 PMCID: PMC10670417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regucalcin, a calcium-binding protein lacking the EF-hand motif, was initially discovered in 1978. Its name is indicative of its function in calcium signaling regulation. The rgn gene encodes for regucalcin and is situated on the X chromosome in both humans and vertebrates. Regucalcin regulates pivotal enzymes involved in signal transduction and has an inhibitory function, which includes protein kinases, protein phosphatases, cysteinyl protease, nitric oxide dynthetase, aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase, and protein synthesis. This cytoplasmic protein is transported to the nucleus where it regulates deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA synthesis as well as gene expression. Overexpression of regucalcin inhibits proliferation in both normal and cancer cells in vitro, independent of apoptosis. During liver regeneration in vivo, endogenous regucalcin suppresses cell growth when overexpressed. Regucalcin mRNA and protein expressions are significantly downregulated in tumor tissues of patients with various types of cancers. Patients exhibiting upregulated regucalcin in tumor tissue have shown prolonged survival. The decrease of regucalcin expression is linked to the advancement of cancer. Overexpression of regucalcin carries the potential for preventing and treating carcinogenesis. Additionally, extracellular regucalcin has displayed control over various types of human cancer cells. Regucalcin may hold a prominent role as a regulatory factor in cancer development. Supplying the regucalcin gene could prove to be a valuable asset in cancer treatment. The therapeutic value of regucalcin suggests its potential significance in treating cancer patients. This review delves into the most recent research on the regulatory role of regucalcin in human cancer development, providing a novel approach for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Hawaii, HI 96813, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Buffer Proteins: A Focus on the Yet-To-Be-Explored Role of Sarcalumenin in Skeletal Muscle Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050715. [PMID: 36899851 PMCID: PMC10000884 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcalumenin (SAR) is a luminal Ca2+ buffer protein with high capacity but low affinity for calcium binding found predominantly in the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles and the heart. Together with other luminal Ca2+ buffer proteins, SAR plays a critical role in modulation of Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ release during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle fibers. SAR appears to be important in a wide range of other physiological functions, such as Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) stabilization, Store-Operated-Calcium-Entry (SOCE) mechanisms, muscle fatigue resistance and muscle development. The function and structural features of SAR are very similar to those of calsequestrin (CSQ), the most abundant and well-characterized Ca2+ buffer protein of junctional SR. Despite the structural and functional similarity, very few targeted studies are available in the literature. The present review provides an overview of the role of SAR in skeletal muscle physiology, as well as of its possible involvement and dysfunction in muscle wasting disorders, in order to summarize the current knowledge on SAR and drive attention to this important but still underinvestigated/neglected protein.
Collapse
|
5
|
Functional pleiotropy of calcium binding protein Regucalcin in signaling and diseases. Cell Signal 2023; 102:110533. [PMID: 36442591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Regucalcin (Mr ∼ 33.38 kDa) is a calcium binding protein, discovered in rat liver. In humans, gene for regucalcin is located on chromosome-11 (p11.3-q11.2) consisting of seven exons and six introns. The protein differs from other calcium binding protein in the way that it lacks EF-hand motif of calcium binding domain. It is also called as Senescence Marker Protein-30 (SMP-30) as previously its weight assumes to be 30 kDa and expression of this protein decreases with aging in androgen independent manner. Among vertebrates, it is a highly conserved protein showing gene homology in Drosophila, Xenopus, fireflies and others too. It is primarily expressed in liver and kidney in addition to brain, lungs, and skeletal muscles. Regucalcin acts as a Ca2+ regulatory protein and controls various cellular functions in liver and other organs. It suppresses protein phosphatase, protein kinase, DNA and RNA synthesis. Published evidences suggest regucalcin to be a reliable biomarker in various disorders of liver, kidney, brain and ocular. In over expressed state, it subdues apoptosis in cloned rat hepatoma cells and also induces hyperlipidemia and osteoblastogenesis by regulating various factors. Owing to the multi-functionality of regucalcin this review is presented to elaborate its importance in order to understand its involvement in cellular signaling during various pathologies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hall BW, Bingman CA, Fox BG, Noguera DR, Donohue TJ. A broad specificity β-propeller enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas palustris that hydrolyzes many lactones including γ-valerolactone. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102782. [PMID: 36502920 PMCID: PMC9843451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactones are prevalent in biological and industrial settings, yet there is a lack of information regarding enzymes used to metabolize these compounds. One compound, γ-valerolactone (GVL), is used as a solvent to dissolve plant cell walls into sugars and aromatic molecules for subsequent microbial conversion to fuels and chemicals. Despite the promise of GVL as a renewable solvent for biomass deconstruction, residual GVL can be toxic to microbial fermentation. Here, we identified a Ca2+-dependent enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rpa3624) and showed that it can hydrolyze aliphatic and aromatic lactones and esters, including GVL. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of other related lactonases with experimentally determined substrate preferences shows that Rpa3624 separates by sequence motifs into a subclade with preference for hydrophobic substrates. Additionally, we solved crystal structures of this β-propeller enzyme separately with either phosphate, an inhibitor, or a mixture of GVL and products to define an active site where calcium-bound water and calcium-bound aspartic and glutamic acid residues make close contact with substrate and product. Our kinetic characterization of WT and mutant enzymes combined with structural insights inform a reaction mechanism that centers around activation of a calcium-bound water molecule promoted by general base catalysis and close contacts with substrate and a potential intermediate. Similarity of Rpa3624 with other β-propeller lactonases suggests this mechanism may be relevant for other members of this emerging class of versatile catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Hall
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Craig A Bingman
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian G Fox
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy J Donohue
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren Y, Eronen V, Blomster Andberg M, Koivula A, Hakulinen N. Structure and function of aldopentose catabolism enzymes involved in oxidative non-phosphorylative pathways. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:147. [PMID: 36578086 PMCID: PMC9795676 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Platform chemicals and polymer precursors can be produced via enzymatic pathways starting from lignocellulosic waste materials. The hemicellulose fraction of lignocellulose contains aldopentose sugars, such as D-xylose and L-arabinose, which can be enzymatically converted into various biobased products by microbial non-phosphorylated oxidative pathways. The Weimberg and Dahms pathways convert pentose sugars into α-ketoglutarate, or pyruvate and glycolaldehyde, respectively, which then serve as precursors for further conversion into a wide range of industrial products. In this review, we summarize the known three-dimensional structures of the enzymes involved in oxidative non-phosphorylative pathways of pentose catabolism. Key structural features and reaction mechanisms of a diverse set of enzymes responsible for the catalytic steps in the reactions are analysed and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Ren
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Veikko Eronen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Anu Koivula
- grid.6324.30000 0004 0400 1852VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Nina Hakulinen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh T, Banerjee P, Uditi, Kumari S, Chopra A, Singh N, Qamar I. Expression of Regucalcin, a calcium-binding protein is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Life Sci 2022; 292:120278. [PMID: 35041836 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Regucalcin (RGN) regulates intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and the activity of several proteins involved in intracellular signaling pathways, which highlights its importance in cell biology. Regucalcin has cytoprotective effects reducing intracellular levels of oxidative stress, also playing a crucial role in the control of cell survival and apoptosis. In an effort to assess its gene regulation, we initially identified the expression of Regucalcin in rat lungs treated with hypoxia at various time points. Previously, HIF-1α expression was also reported to be upregulated in hypoxia. Interestingly hypoxic induced Regucalcin expression in a fashion similar to that of HIF-1α expression in rat lungs. Sequence analysis of the Regucalcin promoter region revealed the presence of putative HRE binding motifs. Further analysis of the 1 kb Regucalcin promoter region with 5' deletion and point mutants of HRE binding motif showed that the HRE binding site was critical for high promoter activity. In addition, HIF-1α protein binds directly to the HRE binding motifs within the Regucalcin promoter in-vivo, and regulates Regucalcin gene expression. All together, these findings suggest that Regucalcin is the novel target gene of HIF-1α and that Regucalcin gene expression in hypoxia may be regulated by the control of HIF-1α expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India
| | - Pallabi Banerjee
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India
| | - Uditi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nagendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India
| | - Imteyaz Qamar
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pääkkönen J, Penttinen L, Andberg M, Koivula A, Hakulinen N, Rouvinen J, Jänis J. Xylonolactonase from Caulobacter crescentus Is a Mononuclear Nonheme Iron Hydrolase. Biochemistry 2021; 60:3046-3049. [PMID: 34633186 PMCID: PMC8529709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Caulobacter crescentus xylonolactonase (Cc XylC, EC 3.1.1.68) catalyzes an intramolecular ester bond hydrolysis over a nonenzymatic acid/base catalysis. Cc XylC is a member of the SMP30 protein family, whose members have previously been reported to be active in the presence of bivalent metal ions, such as Ca2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+. By native mass spectrometry, we studied the binding of several bivalent metal ions to Cc XylC and observed that it binds only one of them, namely, the Fe2+ cation, specifically and with a high affinity (Kd = 0.5 μM), pointing out that Cc XylC is a mononuclear iron protein. We propose that bivalent metal cations also promote the reaction nonenzymatically by stabilizing a short-lived bicyclic intermediate on the lactone isomerization reaction. An analysis of the reaction kinetics showed that Cc XylC complexed with Fe2+ can speed up the hydrolysis of d-xylono-1,4-lactone by 100-fold and that of d-glucono-1,5-lactone by 10-fold as compared to the nonenzymatic reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first discovery of a nonheme mononuclear iron-binding enzyme that catalyzes an ester bond hydrolysis reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Pääkkönen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Leena Penttinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Martina Andberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Anu Koivula
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Nina Hakulinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Juha Rouvinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sodeyama T, Nishikawa H, Harai K, Takeshima D, Sawa Y, Maruta T, Ishikawa T. The d-mannose/l-galactose pathway is the dominant ascorbate biosynthetic route in the moss Physcomitrium patens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1724-1738. [PMID: 34245628 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate is an abundant and indispensable redox compound in plants. Genetic and biochemical studies have established the d-mannose/l-galactose (d-Man/l-Gal) pathway as the predominant ascorbate biosynthetic pathway in streptophytes, while the d-galacturonate (d-GalUA) pathway is found in prasinophytes and euglenoids. Based on the presence of the complete set of genes encoding enzymes involved in the d-Man/l-Gal pathway and an orthologous gene encoding aldonolactonase (ALase) - a key enzyme for the d-GalUA pathway - Physcomitrium patens may possess both pathways. Here, we have characterized the moss ALase as a functional lactonase and evaluated the ascorbate biosynthesis capability of the two pathways using knockout mutants. Physcomitrium patens expresses two ALase paralogs, namely PpALase1 and PpALase2. Kinetic analyses with recombinant enzymes indicated that PpALase1 is a functional enzyme catalyzing the conversion of l-galactonic acid to the final precursor l-galactono-1,4-lactone and that it also reacts with dehydroascorbate as a substrate. Interestingly, mutants lacking PpALase1 (Δal1) showed 1.2-fold higher total ascorbate content than the wild type, and their dehydroascorbate content was increased by 50% compared with that of the wild type. In contrast, the total ascorbate content of mutants lacking PpVTC2-1 (Δvtc2-1) or PpVTC2-2 (Δvtc2-2), which encode the rate-limiting enzyme GDP-l-Gal phosphorylase in the d-Man/l-Gal pathway, was markedly decreased to 46 and 17%, respectively, compared with that of the wild type. Taken together, the dominant ascorbate biosynthetic pathway in P. patens is the d-Man/l-Gal pathway, not the d-GalUA pathway, and PpALase1 may play a significant role in ascorbate metabolism by facilitating dehydroascorbate degradation rather than ascorbate biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Sodeyama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kenji Harai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Daiki Takeshima
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chang CH, Lee TH. Hypothermal effects on expression of regucalcin, a calcium-binding protein, in the livers of seawater- and fresh water-acclimated milkfish, Chanos chanos. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:999-1010. [PMID: 33987810 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Regucalcin (RGN) is a calcium-binding protein mainly expressed in the liver. It functions in regulating activities of several calcium-dependent enzymes related to energy metabolism, antioxidant mechanisms, and apoptotic pathways. Previous proteomics analyses revealed downregulation of regucalcin in milkfish livers when acclimated to low temperature (18 °C) from normal temperature (28 °C). This study first identified the full-length sequence of milkfish regucalcin from the livers with high similarity in the protein structure and calcium-binding function compared to the regucalcin of other animals. The mRNA and protein expression of regucalcin in the livers of fresh water (FW)- and seawater (SW)-acclimated milkfish under hypothermal acclimation were further analyzed. In FW milkfish, upregulation of regucalcin was found in mRNA and protein levels from 2 to 4 days, respectively, to 1 week after transfer to 18 °C for the two. However, in SW milkfish, upregulation of regucalcin occurred quickly and returned to the basal levels in 1 (mRNA expression) or 2 days (protein expression) up until 1 week after transfer. These results suggested potential roles of regucalcin in maintaining calcium homeostasis and its correlation to differential physiological responses in the livers of milkfish when they were acclimated to FW and SW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lyagin I, Efremenko E. Enzymes, Reacting with Organophosphorus Compounds as Detoxifiers: Diversity and Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1761. [PMID: 33578824 PMCID: PMC7916636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are able to interact with various biological targets in living organisms, including enzymes. The binding of OPCs to enzymes does not always lead to negative consequences for the body itself, since there are a lot of natural biocatalysts that can catalyze the chemical transformations of the OPCs via hydrolysis or oxidation/reduction and thereby provide their detoxification. Some of these enzymes, their structural differences and identity, mechanisms, and specificity of catalytic action are discussed in this work, including results of computational modeling. Phylogenetic analysis of these diverse enzymes was specially realized for this review to emphasize a great area for future development(s) and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Efremenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Organophosphorus Nerve Agents: Types, Toxicity, and Treatments. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:3007984. [PMID: 33029136 PMCID: PMC7527902 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3007984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds are extensively used worldwide as pesticides which cause great hazards to human health. Nerve agents, a subcategory of the organophosphorus compounds, have been produced and used during wars, and they have also been used in terrorist activities. These compounds possess physiological threats by interacting and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme which leads to the cholinergic crisis. After a general introduction, this review elucidates the mechanisms underlying cholinergic and noncholinergic effects of organophosphorus compounds. The conceivable treatment strategies for organophosphate poisoning are different types of bioscavengers which include stoichiometric, catalytic, and pseudocatalytic. The current research on the promising treatments specifically the catalytic bioscavengers including several wild-type organophosphate hydrolases such as paraoxonase and phosphotriesterase, phosphotriesterase-like lactonase, methyl parathion hydrolase, organophosphate acid anhydrolase, diisopropyl fluorophosphatase, human triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, and senescence marker protein has been widely discussed. Organophosphorus compounds are reported to be the nonphysiological substrate for many mammalian organophosphate hydrolysing enzymes; therefore, the efficiency of these enzymes toward these compounds is inadequate. Hence, studies have been conducted to create mutants with an enhanced rate of hydrolysis and high specificity. Several mutants have been created by applying directed molecular evolution and/or targeted mutagenesis, and catalytic efficiency has been characterized. Generally, organophosphorus compounds are chiral in nature. The development of mutant enzymes for providing superior stereoselective degradation of toxic organophosphorus compounds has also been widely accounted for in this review. Existing enzymes have shown limited efficiency; hence, more effective treatment strategies have also been critically analyzed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lian X, Huang S, Han S, Yi Q, Wang W, Sun J, Wang L, Song L. The involvement of a regucalcin in suppressing hemocyte apoptosis in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:229-238. [PMID: 32439509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Regucalcin (RGN), also known as senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30), plays a vital role in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. In the present study, a regucalcin (designated as CgRGN) was identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The complete cDNA sequence of CgRGN was of 1059 bp, containing an open reading frame of 933 bp which encoded a protein of 310 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of CgRGN shared similarity with other RGNs from the genome of C. gigas as well as other species. The mRNA transcripts of CgRGN were universally detected in all tested tissues, with higher level in hepatopancreas, labial palp, and gills. The relative expression level of CgRGN in hemocytes was significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) at 3, 12, 72, and 96 h after the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After CgRGN expression was interfered by specific CgRGN-dsRNA, the hemocytes apoptosis rate increased dramatically at 12 h post LPS stimulation (1.56 fold, p < 0.01), compared to the control group. The caspase-3 activity in hemocytes and NO concentration in hemolymph increased significantly (p < 0.05) in dsCgRGN injection oysters. These results collectively indicated that CgRGN could suppress LPS-induced apoptosis and be involved in the immune response of oysters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Lian
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dutta RK, Parween F, Hossain MS, Dhama N, Pandey P, Gupta RD. Comparative analysis of the metal-dependent structural and functional properties of mouse and human SMP30. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218629. [PMID: 31220150 PMCID: PMC6586323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence Marker Protein (SMP30) is a metalloenzyme that shows lactonase activity in the ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis pathway in non-primate mammals such as a mouse. However, AA biosynthesis does not occur in the primates including humans. Several studies have shown the role of SMP30 in maintaining calcium homeostasis in mammals. In addition, it is also reported to have promiscuous enzyme activity with an organophosphate (OP) substrate. Hence, this study aims to recombinantly express and purify the SMP30 proteins from both mouse and human, and to study their structural alterations and functional deviations in the presence of different divalent metals. For this, mouse SMP30 (MoSMP30) as well as human SMP30 (HuSMP30) were cloned in the bacterial expression vector. Proteins were overexpressed and purified from soluble fractions as well as from inclusion bodies as these proteins were expressed largely in insoluble fractions. The purified proteins were used to study the folding conformations in the presence of different divalent cations (Ca2+, Co2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+) with the help of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. It was observed that both MoSMP30 and HuSMP30 acquired native folding conformations. To study the metal-binding affinity, dissociation constant (Kd values) were calculated from UV-VIS titration curve, which showed the highest affinity of MoSMP30 with Zn2+. However, HuSMP30 showed the highest affinity with Ca2+, suggesting the importance of HuSMP30 in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Enzyme kinetics were performed with γ-Thiobutyrolactone and Demeton-S in the presence of different divalent cations. Interestingly, both the proteins showed lactonase activity in the presence of Ca2+. In addition, MoSMP30 and HuSMP30 also showed lactonase activity in the presence of Co2+ and Zn2+ respectively. Moreover, both the proteins showed OP hydrolase activities in the presence of Ca2+ as well as Zn2+, suggesting the metal-dependent promiscuous nature of SMP30.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar Dutta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Fauzia Parween
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Summon Hossain
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Dhama
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Parmanand Pandey
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Boer H, Andberg M, Pylkkänen R, Maaheimo H, Koivula A. In vitro reconstitution and characterisation of the oxidative D-xylose pathway for production of organic acids and alcohols. AMB Express 2019; 9:48. [PMID: 30972503 PMCID: PMC6458216 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative d-xylose pathway, i.e. Dahms pathway, can be utilised to produce from cheap biomass raw material useful chemical intermediates. In vitro metabolic pathways offer a fast way to study the rate-limiting steps and find the most suitable enzymes for each reaction. We have constructed here in vitro multi-enzyme cascades leading from d-xylose or d-xylonolactone to ethylene glycol, glycolic acid and lactic acid, and use simple spectrophotometric assays for the read-out of the efficiency of these pathways. Based on our earlier results, we focussed particularly on the less studied xylonolactone ring opening (hydrolysis) reaction. The bacterial Caulobacter crescentus lactonase (Cc XylC), was shown to be a metal-dependent enzyme clearly improving the formation of d-xylonic acid at pH range from 6 to 8. The following dehydration reaction by the ILVD/EDD family d-xylonate dehydratase is a rate-limiting step in the pathway, and an effort was made to screen for novel enolase family d-xylonate dehydratases, however, no suitable replacing enzymes were found for this reaction. Concerning the oxidation of glycolaldehyde to glycolic acid, several enzyme candidates were also tested. Both Escherichia coli aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ec AldA) and Azospirillum brasilense α-ketoglutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Ab AraE) proved to be suitable enzymes for this reaction.
Collapse
|
17
|
Structural and Functional Insights into PpgL, a Metal-Independent β-Propeller Gluconolactonase That Contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00847-18. [PMID: 30642898 PMCID: PMC6434122 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00847-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a critical determinant in the pathopoiesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa It could significantly increase bacterial resistance to drugs and host defense. Thus, inhibition of biofilm matrix production could be regarded as a promising attempt to prevent colonization of P. aeruginosa and the subsequent infection. PpgL, a periplasmic gluconolactonase, has been reported to be involved in P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing (QS) system regulation. However, the detailed function and catalysis mechanism remain elusive. Here, the crystal structure of PpgL is described in the current study, along with biochemical analysis, revealing that PpgL is a typical β-propeller enzyme with unique metal-independent lactone hydrolysis activity. Consequently, comparative analysis of seven-bladed propeller lactone-catalyzing enzymes and mutagenesis studies identify the critical sites which contribute to the diverse catalytic and substrate recognition functions. In addition, the reduced biofilm formation and attenuated invasion phenotype resulting from deletion of ppgL confirm the importance of PpgL in P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. These results suggest that PpgL is a potential target for developing new agents against the diseases caused by P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pei J, Kinch LN, Grishin NV. FlyXCDB—A Resource for Drosophila Cell Surface and Secreted Proteins and Their Extracellular Domains. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3353-3411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
19
|
Catalytic bioscavengers as countermeasures against organophosphate nerve agents. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:50-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
20
|
Murata T, Yamaguchi M, Kohno S, Takahashi C, Kakimoto M, Sugimura Y, Kamihara M, Hikita K, Kaneda N. Regucalcin confers resistance to amyloid-β toxicity in neuronally differentiated PC12 cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:349-360. [PMID: 29511612 PMCID: PMC5832982 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid‐β (Aβ), a primary component of amyloid plaques, has been widely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The Ca2+‐binding protein regucalcin (RGN) plays multiple roles in maintaining cell functions by regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, various signaling pathways, and gene expression systems. Here, we investigated the functional role of RGN against Aβ‐induced cytotoxicity in neuronally differentiated PC12 cells. Overexpression of RGN reduced Aβ‐induced apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. It also attenuated Aβ‐induced reactive oxygen species production and oxidative damage and decreased Aβ‐induced nitric oxide (NO) overproduction, upregulation of inducible NO synthase by nuclear factor‐κB, and nitrosative damage. Interestingly, the genetic disruption of RGN increased the susceptibility of neuronally differentiated PC12 cells to Aβ toxicity. Thus, RGN possesses antioxidant activity against Aβ‐induced oxidative and nitrosative stress and may play protective roles against Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology Faculty of Pharmacy Meijo University Nagoya Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) CA USA
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University Ishikawa Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University Ishikawa Japan
| | - Mitsumi Kakimoto
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology Faculty of Pharmacy Meijo University Nagoya Japan
| | - Yukiko Sugimura
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology Faculty of Pharmacy Meijo University Nagoya Japan
| | - Mako Kamihara
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology Faculty of Pharmacy Meijo University Nagoya Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hikita
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology Faculty of Pharmacy Meijo University Nagoya Japan
| | - Norio Kaneda
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology Faculty of Pharmacy Meijo University Nagoya Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Reshma S, Sathyanarayanan N, Nagendra H. Characterization of a hypothetical protein YVRE from Bacillus subtilis indicates its key role as glucono-lactonase in pentose phosphate pathway and glucose metabolism. Bioinformation 2017; 13:430-438. [PMID: 29379263 PMCID: PMC5767921 DOI: 10.6026/97320630013430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothetical proteins are functionally uncharacterized proteins with assigned function using sequence annotation tools. Almost half of the coding regions of several genomes are hypothetical proteins. Therefore, it is of our interest to characterize a hypothetical protein YVRE from the model system Bacillus subtilis using known data. YVRE is assigned the function as a glucono-lactonase using prediction and phylogenetic analysis. A molecular dynamics simulated homology model of YVRE (with calcium) using human senescence marker protein 30 /SMP30 (PDB ID: 3G4E) as template is reported for functional inference. It is observed that the protein possesses bivalent metal binding domain. Molecular docking studies with the substrate glucono-δ-lactone show YVRE binding with the substrate. This data was further validated using cloning and sub-cloning in pUC57 and pET22b+ respectively, followed by expression and purification using nickel affinity chromatography. The activity of YVRE using the substrate glucono-δ-lactone was calculated. The results show the function of YVRE as a gluconolactonase, with higher preference to zinc than calcium or magnesium. Thus, YVRE is shown to play key role in three metabolic pathways namely, pentose phosphate pathway, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and caprolactam degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.V. Reshma
- Department of Biotechnology, PES University, Bangalore
| | - Nitish Sathyanarayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Hunasemaranahalli, Bangalore 562157
- Present Address: National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 65
| | - H.G. Nagendra
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Hunasemaranahalli, Bangalore 562157
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pillai H, Shende AM, Parmar MS, A A, L S, Kumaresan A, G TS, Bhure SK. Regucalcin is widely distributed in the male reproductive tract and exerts a suppressive effect on in vitro sperm capacitation in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis
). Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:212-221. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishna Pillai
- Division of Animal Biochemistry; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ashish Mukunda Shende
- Division of Animal Biochemistry; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mehtab Sing Parmar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Anjaneya A
- Division of Pathology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sreela L
- Theriogenology Laboratory; Animal Reproduction; Gynaecology and Obstetrics; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory; Animal Reproduction; Gynaecology and Obstetrics; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Taru Sharma G
- Division of Physiology and Climatology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Bhure
- Division of Animal Biochemistry; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Harikrishna P, Thomas J, Shende AM, Bhure SK. Calcium Binding Ability of Recombinant Buffalo Regucalcin: A Study Using Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. Protein J 2017; 36:108-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
24
|
Iyengar ARS, Pande AH. Organophosphate-Hydrolyzing Enzymes as First-Line of Defence Against Nerve Agent-Poisoning: Perspectives and the Road Ahead. Protein J 2016; 35:424-439. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-016-9686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
25
|
Masson P, Lushchekina SV. Emergence of catalytic bioscavengers against organophosphorus agents. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:319-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
26
|
Zhou D, Yin D, Xiao F, Hao J. Expressions of Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase and Senescence Marker Protein-30 are Associated with Lens Epithelial Cell Apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3728-35. [PMID: 26619319 PMCID: PMC4671402 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate associations of senescence marker protein-30 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase expression with lens epithelial cells apoptosis among Chinese age-related cataract patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 145 age-related cataract patients (69 cases with nuclear cataract in 91 eyes and 76 cases of cortical cataract with 102 eyes) were enrolled in our study. An annular tear of the central part of anterior lens capsules was performed for each patient. Immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels, and TUNEL was used to assess lens epithelial cells apoptosis. Comparisons of protein expression levels and lens epithelial cells apoptosis were made between the 2 groups. RESULTS The results showed a higher protein expression level of senescence marker protein-30 in surrounding parts of the anterior lens capsule compared with the central part of the anterior lens capsule; however, the positive rate of senescence-associated β-galactosidase was remarkably higher in the central part than in the surrounding part. Compared with cortical cataract patients, nuclear cataract patients had elevated senescence marker protein-30 protein and mRNA expression levels, but had a decreased positive rate of senescence-associated β-galactosidase. TUNEL results showed that the lens epithelial cell apoptosis rate was higher in the central part of the anterior lens capsule than in the surrounding part in both groups. Within either central or surrounding area of anterior lens capsule, cortical cataract patients exhibited a significantly higher lens epithelial cell apoptosis rate in contrast with nuclear cataract patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study results suggest that senescence marker protein-30 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase expressions in both nuclear cataract and cortical cataract patients were associated with lens epithelial cells apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Hao
- Corresponding Author: Jie Hao, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Marques R, Maia CJ, Vaz C, Correia S, Socorro S. The diverse roles of calcium-binding protein regucalcin in cell biology: from tissue expression and signalling to disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:93-111. [PMID: 23519827 PMCID: PMC11113322 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regucalcin (RGN) is a calcium (Ca(2+))-binding protein widely expressed in vertebrate and invertebrate species, which is also known as senescence marker protein 30, due to its molecular weight (33 kDa) and a characteristically diminished expression with the aging process. RGN regulates intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and the activity of several proteins involved in intracellular signalling pathways, namely, kinases, phosphatases, phosphodiesterase, nitric oxide synthase and proteases, which highlights its importance in cell biology. In addition, RGN has cytoprotective effects reducing intracellular levels of oxidative stress, also playing a role in the control of cell survival and apoptosis. Multiple factors have been identified regulating the cell levels of RGN transcripts and protein, and an altered expression pattern of this interesting protein has been found in cases of reproductive disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Moreover, RGN is a serum-secreted protein, and its levels have been correlated with the stage of disease, which strongly suggests the usefulness of this protein as a potential biomarker for monitoring disease onset and progression. The present review aims to discuss the available information concerning RGN expression and function in distinct cell types and tissues, integrating cellular and molecular mechanisms in the context of normal and pathological conditions. Insight into the cellular actions of RGN will be a key step towards deepening the knowledge of the biology of several human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marques
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudio J. Maia
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia Vaz
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sara Correia
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nachon F, Brazzolotto X, Trovaslet M, Masson P. Progress in the development of enzyme-based nerve agent bioscavengers. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:536-44. [PMID: 23811386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is the physiological target for acute toxicity of nerve agents. Attempts to protect acetylcholinesterase from phosphylation by nerve agents, is currently achieved by reversible inhibitors that transiently mask the enzyme active site. This approach either protects only peripheral acetylcholinesterase or may cause side effects. Thus, an alternative strategy consists in scavenging nerve agents in the bloodstream before they can reach acetylcholinesterase. Pre- or post-exposure administration of bioscavengers, enzymes that neutralize and detoxify organophosphorus molecules, is one of the major developments of new medical counter-measures. These enzymes act either as stoichiometric or catalytic bioscavengers. Human butyrylcholinesterase is the leading stoichiometric bioscavenger. Current efforts are devoted to its mass production with care to pharmacokinetic properties of the final product for extended lifetime. Development of specific reactivators of phosphylated butyrylcholinesterase, or variants with spontaneous reactivation activity is also envisioned for rapid in situ regeneration of the scavenger. Human paraoxonase 1 is the leading catalytic bioscavenger under development. Research efforts focus on improving its catalytic efficiency toward the most toxic isomers of nerve agents, by means of directed evolution-based strategies. Human prolidase appears to be another promising human enzyme. Other non-human efficient enzymes like bacterial phosphotriesterases or squid diisopropylfluorophosphatase are also considered though their intrinsic immunogenic properties remain challenging for use in humans. Encapsulation, PEGylation and other modifications are possible solutions to address this problem as well as that of their limited lifetime. Finally, gene therapy for in situ generation and delivery of bioscavengers is for the far future, but its proof of concept has been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nachon
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, BP87, 38702 La Tronche Cédex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lebold KM, Löhr CV, Barton CL, Miller GW, Labut EM, Tanguay RL, Traber MG. Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:382-9. [PMID: 23570751 PMCID: PMC3653440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that zebrafish (Danio rerio) undergoing long-term vitamin E deficiency with marginal vitamin C status would develop myopathy resulting in impaired swimming. Zebrafish were fed for 1 y a defined diet without (E-) and with (E+) vitamin E (500 mg α-tocopherol/kg diet). For the last 150 days, dietary ascorbic acid concentrations were decreased from 3500 to 50 mg/kg diet and the fish sampled periodically to assess ascorbic acid concentrations. The ascorbic acid depletion curves were faster in the E- compared with E+ fish (P < 0.0001); the estimated half-life of depletion in the E- fish was 34 days, while in it was 55 days in the E+ fish. To assess swimming behavior, zebrafish were monitored individually following a "startle-response" stimulus, using computer and video technology. Muscle histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining on paramedian sections of fixed zebrafish. At study end, E- fish contained 300-fold less α-tocopherol (p < 0.0001), half the ascorbic acid (p = 0.0001) and 3-fold more malondialdehyde (p = 0.0005) than did E+ fish. During the first minute following a tap stimulus (p < 0.05), E+ fish swam twice as far as did E- fish. In the E- fish, the sluggish behavior was associated with a multifocal, polyphasic, degenerative myopathy of the skeletal muscle. The myopathy severity ranged from scattered acute necrosis to widespread fibrosis and was accompanied by increased anti-hydroxynonenal staining. Thus, vitamin E deficiency in zebrafish causes increased oxidative stress and a secondary depletion of ascorbic acid, resulting in severe damage to muscle tissue and impaired muscle function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Lebold
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Structural basis of the γ-lactone-ring formation in ascorbic acid biosynthesis by the senescence marker protein-30/gluconolactonase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53706. [PMID: 23349732 PMCID: PMC3551927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30), which is also called regucalcin, exhibits gluconolactonase (GNL) activity. Biochemical and biological analyses revealed that SMP30/GNL catalyzes formation of the γ-lactone-ring of l-gulonate in the ascorbic acid biosynthesis pathway. The molecular basis of the γ-lactone formation, however, remains elusive due to the lack of structural information on SMP30/GNL in complex with its substrate. Here, we report the crystal structures of mouse SMP30/GNL and its complex with xylitol, a substrate analogue, and those with 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol and d-glucose, product analogues. Comparison of the crystal structure of mouse SMP30/GNL with other related enzymes has revealed unique characteristics of mouse SMP30/GNL. First, the substrate-binding pocket of mouse SMP30/GNL is designed to specifically recognize monosaccharide molecules. The divalent metal ion in the active site and polar residues lining the substrate-binding cavity interact with hydroxyl groups of substrate/product analogues. Second, in mouse SMP30/GNL, a lid loop covering the substrate-binding cavity seems to hamper the binding of l-gulonate in an extended (or all-trans) conformation; l-gulonate seems to bind to the active site in a folded conformation. In contrast, the substrate-binding cavities of the other related enzymes are open to the solvent and do not have a cover. This structural feature of mouse SMP30/GNL seems to facilitate the γ-lactone-ring formation.
Collapse
|
31
|
Differences in amino acid residues in the binding pockets dictate substrate specificities of mouse senescence marker protein-30, human paraoxonase1, and squid diisopropylfluorophosphatase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1824:701-10. [PMID: 22401958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP-30) is a candidate enzyme that can function as a catalytic bioscavenger of organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. We purified SMP-30 from mouse (Mo) liver and compared its hydrolytic activity towards various esters, lactones, and G-type nerve agents with that of human paraoxonase1 (Hu PON1) and squid diisopropylfluorophosphatase (DFPase). All three enzymes contain one or two metal ions in their active sites and fold into six-bladed β-propeller structures. While Hu PON1 hydrolyzed a variety of lactones, the only lactone that was a substrate for Mo SMP-30 was d-(+)-gluconic acid δ-lactone. Squid DFPase was much more efficient at hydrolyzing DFP and G-type nerve agents as compared to Mo SMP-30 or Hu PON1. The K(m) values for DFP were in the following order: Mo SMP-30>Hu PON1>squid DFPase, suggesting that the efficiency of DFP hydrolysis may be related to its binding in the active sites of these enzymes. Thus, homology modeling and docking were used to simulate the binding of DFP and selected δ-lactones in the active sites of Hu SMP-30, Hu PON1, and squid DFPase. Results from molecular modeling studies suggest that differences in metal-ligand coordinations, the hydrophobicity of the binding pockets, and limited space in the binding pocket due to the presence of a loop, are responsible for substrate specificities of these enzymes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Scott SH, Bahnson BJ. Senescence Marker Protein 30: Functional and Structural Insights to its Unknown Physiological Function. Biomol Concepts 2011; 2:469-480. [PMID: 22844387 PMCID: PMC3405729 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2011.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a multifunctional protein involved in cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and the biosynthesis of ascorbate in non-primate mammals. The primary structure of the protein is highly conserved among vertebrates, suggesting the existence of a significant physiological function common to all mammals, including primates. Enzymatic activities of SMP30 include aldonolactone and organophosphate hydrolysis. Protective effects against apoptosis and oxidative stress have been reported. X-ray crystallography revealed that SMP30 is a six-bladed β-propeller with structural similarity to paraoxonase 1, another protein with lactonase and organophosphate hydrolase activities. SMP30 has recently been tied to several physiological conditions including osteoporosis, liver fibrosis, diabetes, and cancer. This review aims to describe the recent advances made toward understanding the connection between molecular structure, enzymatic activity and physiological function of this highly conserved, multifaceted protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H. Scott
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Brian J. Bahnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hicks MA, Barber AE, Giddings LA, Caldwell J, O’Connor SE, Babbitt PC. The evolution of function in strictosidine synthase-like proteins. Proteins 2011; 79:3082-98. [PMID: 21948213 PMCID: PMC3561908 DOI: 10.1002/prot.23135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The exponential growth of sequence data provides abundant information for the discovery of new enzyme reactions. Correctly annotating the functions of highly diverse proteins can be difficult, however, hindering use of this information. Global analysis of large superfamilies of related proteins is a powerful strategy for understanding the evolution of reactions by identifying catalytic commonalities and differences in reaction and substrate specificity, even when only a few members have been biochemically or structurally characterized. A comparison of >2500 sequences sharing the six-bladed β-propeller fold establishes sequence, structural, and functional links among the three subgroups of the functionally diverse N6P superfamily: the arylesterase-like and senescence marker protein-30/gluconolactonase/luciferin-regenerating enzyme-like (SGL) subgroups, representing enzymes that catalyze lactonase and related hydrolytic reactions, and the so-called strictosidine synthase-like (SSL) subgroup. Metal-coordinating residues were identified as broadly conserved in the active sites of all three subgroups except for a few proteins from the SSL subgroup, which have been experimentally determined to catalyze the quite different strictosidine synthase (SS) reaction, a metal-independent condensation reaction. Despite these differences, comparison of conserved catalytic features of the arylesterase-like and SGL enzymes with the SSs identified similar structural and mechanistic attributes between the hydrolytic reactions catalyzed by the former and the condensation reaction catalyzed by SS. The results also suggest that despite their annotations, the great majority of these >500 SSL sequences do not catalyze the SS reaction; rather, they likely catalyze hydrolytic reactions typical of the other two subgroups instead. This prediction was confirmed experimentally for one of these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Hicks
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 2550, 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Alan E. Barber
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 2550, 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Lesley-Ann Giddings
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jenna Caldwell
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Sarah E. O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Patricia C. Babbitt
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 2550, 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, UCSF
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, UCSF
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Comparative molecular characterization of the regucalcin (RGN) gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and maraena whitefish (Coregonus marena). Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4291-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
35
|
Tian LM, Xie HF, Xiao X, Yang T, Hu YH, Wang WZ, Liu LS, Chen X, Li J. Study on the roles of β-catenin in hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence in human skin fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:836-8. [PMID: 21707762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the most important causes of the cellular senescence process. Previous studies showed that β-catenin can regulate FoxO3a and this association was enhanced in cells exposed to oxidative stress. It has also been reported that β-catenin can regulate some senescence-related proteins. We propose that β-catenin may play a crucial role in senescence of normal human primary skin fibroblasts (NHSFs). Here, we explored the roles and mechanisms of β-catenin on H(2)O(2)-induced senescence in NHSFs. β-catenin expression was decreased in NHSFs after H(2)O(2) treatment. Overexpression of β-catenin in NHSFs led to a marked delay of many senescent phenotypes induced by H(2)O(2). Furthermore, overexpression of β-catenin in NHSFs can antagonise the alteration of reactive oxygen species accumulation and some senescence-related proteins expression induced by H(2)O(2) treatment. Our data demonstrated that β-catenin can protect NHSFs from H(2)O(2)-induced premature senescence by alleviating oxidative stress and regulating some senescence-related molecules.
Collapse
|
36
|
Regucalcin and cell regulation: role as a suppressor protein in signal transduction. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 353:101-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
37
|
Arboleda-Bustos CE, Segarra C. The Dca Gene Involved in Cold Adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster Arose by Duplication of the Ancestral regucalcin Gene. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28:2185-95. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
38
|
Yamaguchi M. The transcriptional regulation of regucalcin gene expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 346:147-71. [PMID: 20936536 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Regucalcin, which is discovered as a calcium-binding protein in 1978, has been shown to play a multifunctional role in many tissues and cell types; regucalcin has been proposed to play a pivotal role in keeping cell homeostasis and function for cell response. Regucalcin and its gene are identified in over 15 species consisting of regucalcin family. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of regucalcin from vertebrate species is highly conserved in their coding region with throughout evolution. The regucalcin gene is localized on the chromosome X in rat and human. The organization of rat regucalcin gene consists of seven exons and six introns and several consensus regulatory elements exist upstream of the 5'-flanking region. AP-1, NF1-A1, RGPR-p117, β-catenin, and other factors have been found to be a transcription factor in the enhancement of regucalcin gene promoter activity. The transcription activity of regucalcin gene is enhanced through intracellular signaling factors that are mediated through the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of nuclear protein in vitro. Regucalcin mRNA and its protein are markedly expressed in the liver and kidney cortex of rats. The expression of regucalcin mRNA in the liver and kidney cortex has been shown to stimulate by hormonal factors (including calcium, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, insulin, estrogen, and dexamethasone) in vivo. Regucalcin mRNA expression is enhanced in the regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy of rats in vivo. The expression of regucalcin mRNA in the liver and kidney with pathophysiological state has been shown to suppress, suggesting an involvement of regucalcin in disease. Liver regucalcin expression is down-regulated in tumor cells, suggesting a suppressive role in the development of carcinogenesis. Liver regucalcin is markedly released into the serum of rats with chemically induced liver injury in vivo. Serum regucalcin has a potential sensitivity as a specific biochemical marker of chronic liver injury with hepatitis. Regucalcin has been proposed to be a key molecule in cellular regulation and metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMRB, Atlanta, GA 30322-0001, USA.
| |
Collapse
|