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Mehrabi MR, Soltani M, Chiani M, Raahemifar K, Farhangi A. Nanomedicine: New Frontiers in Fighting Microbial Infections. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:483. [PMID: 36770443 PMCID: PMC9920255 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have dominated life on Earth for the past two billion years, despite facing a variety of obstacles. In the 20th century, antibiotics and immunizations brought about these changes. Since then, microorganisms have acquired resistance, and various infectious diseases have been able to avoid being treated with traditionally developed vaccines. Antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity have surpassed antibiotic discovery in terms of importance over the course of the past few decades. These shifts have resulted in tremendous economic and health repercussions across the board for all socioeconomic levels; thus, we require ground-breaking innovations to effectively manage microbial infections and to provide long-term solutions. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors have been radically altered as a result of nanomedicine, and this trend is now spreading to the antibacterial research community. Here, we examine the role that nanomedicine plays in the prevention of microbial infections, including topics such as diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, pharmaceutical administration, and immunizations, as well as the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mehrabi
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Madjid Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mohsen Chiani
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Kaamran Raahemifar
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ali Farhangi
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
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Meng Y, Lou L, Shao Z, Chen J, Li Y, Zhang T. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Whey Protein-ε-Polylysine Complexes against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152311. [PMID: 35954078 PMCID: PMC9367709 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
ε-Polylysine (ε-PL) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide, which easily forms complexes with food polyanions to weaken its antibacterial activity. A whey protein-ε-PL complex delivery system was found to be able to solve this problem. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of the complexes and their mechanism against Gram-positive bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the complexes with different ε-PL contents against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were 19.53–31.26 and 3.90–7.81 μg/mL, respectively, which were similar to free ε-PL. Furthermore, the whey protein-ε-PL complexes had a strong bactericidal effect on Bacillus subtilis. The inhibition zone diameters of the complexes against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis containing 5000 μg/mL of ε-PL were 14.14 and 16.69 mm, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the complexes could destroy the cell membrane structure in Bacillussubtilis, resulting in holes on the surface, but not in Staphylococcus aureus. The results of molecular dynamics simulation showed that under electrostatic interaction, the complexes captured the phospholipid molecules of the bacterial membrane through the hydrogen bonds. Parts of the ε-PL molecules of the complexes were embedded in the bilayer membrane, and parts of the ε-PL molecules could penetrate the bilayer membrane and enter the bacterial internal environment, forming holes on the surface of the bacteria. The antibacterial results in fresh meat showed that the whey protein-ε-PL complexes could reduce the total mesophilic and Staphylococcus aureus counts. This study on the antibacterial activity mechanism of whey protein-ε-PL complexes could provide a reference for the application of ε-PL in protein food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuecheng Meng
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.M.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (T.Z.)
| | - Li Lou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.M.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zhipeng Shao
- Research and Development Center, Wuxi Biortus Biosciences Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214437, China;
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.M.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yanhua Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.M.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-6912-2579
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.M.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (T.Z.)
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Nie T, Liu Y. Strategies to Improve the Activity and Biocompatibility: Modification of Peptide Antibiotics. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:376-385. [PMID: 35713924 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As host defense peptides, peptide antibiotics exist in almost all organisms. Many of their activities come from their inactivation of bacteria, yeast, fungi, and even cancer cells. However, natural peptide antibiotics are relatively poor in stability and penetration, and have high hemolytic properties, which makes them difficult to directly apply. Therefore, natural peptide antibiotics can be modified to enhance their activity and biocompatibility. Based on the characteristics of amino acids, amino acid substitutions can be performed to study the effect of amino acid types on the activity of peptide antibiotics. The design of ultrashort peptides, cyclic peptides, and self-assembling peptides is also a way to improve the activity of peptide antibiotics. In addition, antibacterial peptides can also be conjugated with antibiotics, lipids, or metal ions to prepare antibacterial peptides with special activities. This review introduces several methods for modifying peptide antibiotics and their specific applications, providing a theoretical basis for the further application of peptide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ting Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Sun H, Wang Y, Song J. Polymer Vesicles for Antimicrobial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2903. [PMID: 34502943 PMCID: PMC8434374 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer vesicles, hollow nanostructures with hydrophilic cavity and hydrophobic membrane, have shown significant potentials in biomedical applications including drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer theranostics, and so forth, due to their unique cell membrane-like structure. Incorporation with antibacterial active components like antimicrobial peptides, etc., polymer vesicles exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity, extended circulation time, and reduced cell toxicity. Furthermore, antibacterial, and anticancer can be achieved simultaneously, opening a new avenue of the antimicrobial applications of polymer vesicles. This review seeks to highlight the state-of-the-art of antimicrobial polymer vesicles, including the design strategies and potential applications in the field of antibacterial. The structural features of polymer vesicles, preparation methods, and the combination principles with antimicrobial active components, as well as the advantages of antimicrobial polymer vesicles, will be discussed. Then, the diverse applications of antimicrobial polymer vesicles such as wide spectrum antibacterial, anti-biofilm, wound healing, and tissue engineering associated with their structure features are presented. Finally, future perspectives of polymer vesicles in the field of antibacterial is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China;
| | - Jiahui Song
- Center of Scientific Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China;
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Cui Z, Luo Q, Bannon MS, Gray VP, Bloom TG, Clore MF, Hughes MA, Crawford MA, Letteri RA. Molecular engineering of antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-polymer conjugates. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5069-5091. [PMID: 34096936 PMCID: PMC8493962 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As antimicrobial resistance becomes an increasing threat, bringing significant economic and health burdens, innovative antimicrobial treatments are urgently needed. While antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising therapeutics, exhibiting high activity against resistant bacterial strains, limited stability and toxicity to mammalian cells has hindered clinical development. Attaching AMPs to polymers provides opportunities to present AMPs in a way that maximizes bacterial killing while enhancing compatibility with mammalian cells, stability, and solubility. Conjugation of an AMP to a linear hydrophilic polymer yields the desired improvements in stability, mammalian cell compatibility, and solubility, yet often markedly reduces bactericidal effects. Non-linear polymer architectures and supramolecular assemblies that accommodate multiple AMPs per polymer chain afford AMP-polymer conjugates that strike a superior balance of antimicrobial activity, mammalian cell compatibility, stability, and solubility. Therefore, we review the design criteria, building blocks, and synthetic strategies for engineering AMP-polymer conjugates, emphasizing the connection between molecular architecture and antimicrobial performance to inspire and enable further innovation to advance this emerging class of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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Yan Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Niu Y, Zhang S, Xu W, Ren C. Advances of peptides for antibacterial applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 202:111682. [PMID: 33714188 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, peptide antibacterial products with unique antibacterial mechanisms have attracted widespread interest. They can effectively reduce the probability of drug resistance of bacteria and are biocompatible, so they possess tremendous development prospects. This review provides recent research and analysis on the basic types of antimicrobial peptides (including poly (amino acid)s, short AMPs, and lipopeptides) and factors to optimize antimicrobial effects. It also summarizes the two most important modes of action of antimicrobial peptides and the latest developments in the application of AMPs, including antimicrobial agent, wound healing, preservative, antibacterial coating and others. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges to improve the antibacterial peptides and propose prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yuanze Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yuzhong Niu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, 264000, China.
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7
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Shao Z, Yang Y, Fang S, Li Y, Chen J, Meng Y. Mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of whey protein-ε-polylysine complexes against Escherichia coli and its application in sauced duck products. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 328:108663. [PMID: 32454366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ε-Polylysine (ε-PL) is a natural and highly effective cationic antimicrobial, of which antibacterial activity is limited in food matrix because of ε-PL's charged amino groups that form complexes with food polyanions. Whey protein-ε-PL complexes delivery system was found to be able to solve the problem and keep the antibacterial activity. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of the complexes and its mechanism against Escherichia coli. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ε-PL was in the range 11.72-25.00 g/mL for the complexes containing different amount of ε-PL and was similar to that of free ε-PL. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the complexes could destroy the structure of E. coli cell membrane surface, leaving holes on the surface of the bacteria, leading to the death of the bacteria. The molecular dynamics simulation results showed that the mechanism of the antibacterial activity of the complexes was as follows: under electrostatic interaction, the complexes captured the phospholipid molecules of the bacterial membrane through the hydrogen bonds between the positively charged amino groups of ε-PL and the oxygen atom of the phosphate head groups of the membrane, which could create holes on the surface of the bacteria and lead to the death of the bacteria. The results of activity on real food systems showed that the complexes kept the number of E. coli within 5.8 log10 CFU/g after 7 d storage in sauced duck products, while the positive control (ε-PL) was 6.5 log10 CFU/g and negative control (sterile water) was 7.8 log10 CFU/g. Overall, this study confirmed the antibacterial activity of the complexes and provided fundamental knowledge of its antibacterial activity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Shao
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Fang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuecheng Meng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Costa F, Teixeira C, Gomes P, Martins MCL. Clinical Application of AMPs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:281-298. [PMID: 30980363 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been described as one of the most promising compounds able to address one of the main health threats of the twenty-first century that is the continuous rise of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. However, despite the clear advantages of AMPs as a new class of antimicrobials, such as broad spectrum of activity, high selectivity, low toxicity and low propensity to induce resistance, only a small fraction of AMPs reported thus far have been able to successfully complete all phases of clinical trials and become accessible to patients. This is mainly related to the low bioavailability and still somewhat expensive production of AMP along with regulatory obstacles. This chapter offers an overview of selected AMPs that are currently in the market or under clinical trials. Strategies for assisting AMP industrial translation and major regulatory difficulties associated with AMP approval for clinical evaluation will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Costa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Shao Z, Fang S, Li Y, Chen J, Meng Y. Physicochemical properties and formation mechanism of electrostatic complexes based on ε-polylysine and whey protein: Experimental and molecular dynamics simulations study. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:2208-2215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Sun H, Hong Y, Xi Y, Zou Y, Gao J, Du J. Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Biomedical Applications of Antimicrobial Peptide-Polymer Conjugates. Biomacromolecules 2018. [PMID: 29539262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been attracting much attention due to their excellent antimicrobial efficiency and low rate in driving antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which has been increasing globally to alarming levels. Conjugation of AMPs into functional polymers not only preserves excellent antimicrobial activities but reduces the toxicity and offers more functionalities, which brings new insight toward developing multifunctional biomedical materials such as hydrogels, polymer vesicles, polymer micelles, and so forth. These nanomaterials have been exhibiting excellent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria including multidrug-resistant (MDR) ones, high selectivity, and low cytotoxicity, suggesting promising potentials in wound dressing, implant coating, antibiofilm, tissue engineering, and so forth. This Perspective seeks to highlight the state-of-the-art strategy for the synthesis, self-assembly, and biomedical applications of AMP-polymer conjugates and explore the promising directions for future research ranging from synthetic strategies, multistage and stimuli-responsive antibacterial activities, antifungi applications, and potentials in elimination of inflammation during medical treatment. It also will provide perspectives on how to stem the remaining challenges and unresolved problems in combating bacteria, including MDR ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Yuanxiu Hong
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Yuejing Xi
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Yijie Zou
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Jingyi Gao
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200072 , China
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12
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Colak B, Di Cio S, Gautrot JE. Biofunctionalized Patterned Polymer Brushes via Thiol–Ene Coupling for the Control of Cell Adhesion and the Formation of Cell Arrays. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1445-1455. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Cyclic Peptides as Novel Therapeutic Microbicides: Engineering of Human Defensin Mimetics. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071217. [PMID: 28726740 PMCID: PMC6152268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are receiving significant attention thanks to their antimicrobial activity and high serum stability, which is useful to develop and design novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides appear to be key components of innate defences against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Among the others, defensins possess a strong microbicidial activity. Defensins are cationic and amphipathic peptides with six cysteine residues connected by three disulfide bonds found in plants, insects, and mammals; they are divided in three families: α-, β-, and θ-defensins. α-Defensins are contained in the primary granules of human neutrophils; β-defensins are expressed in human epithelia; and θ-defensins are pseudo-cyclic defensins not found in humans, but in rhesus macaques. The structural diversities among the three families are reflected in a different antimicrobial action as well as in serum stability. The engineering of these peptides is an exciting opportunity to obtain more functional antimicrobial molecules highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents. The present review reports the most recent advances in the field of cyclic peptides with a specific regard to defensin analogs.
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Álvarez-Paino M, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M. Antimicrobial Polymers in the Nano-World. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E48. [PMID: 28336882 PMCID: PMC5333033 DOI: 10.3390/nano7020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections are one of the main concerns of our era due to antibiotic-resistant infections and the increasing costs in the health-care sector. Within this context, antimicrobial polymers present a great alternative to combat these problems since their mechanisms of action differ from those of antibiotics. Therefore, the microorganisms' resistance to these polymeric materials is avoided. Antimicrobial polymers are not only applied in the health-care sector, they are also used in many other areas. This review presents different strategies that combine nanoscience and nanotechnology in the polymer world to combat contaminations from bacteria, fungi or algae. It focuses on the most relevant areas of application of these materials, viz. health, food, agriculture, and textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Álvarez-Paino
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC); C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC); C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
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15
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Reinhardt A, Neundorf I. Design and Application of Antimicrobial Peptide Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E701. [PMID: 27187357 PMCID: PMC4881524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an interesting class of antibiotics characterized by their unique antibiotic activity and lower propensity for developing resistance compared to common antibiotics. They belong to the class of membrane-active peptides and usually act selectively against bacteria, fungi and protozoans. AMPs, but also peptide conjugates containing AMPs, have come more and more into the focus of research during the last few years. Within this article, recent work on AMP conjugates is reviewed. Different aspects will be highlighted as a combination of AMPs with antibiotics or organometallic compounds aiming to increase antibacterial activity or target selectivity, conjugation with photosensitizers for improving photodynamic therapy (PDT) or the attachment to particles, to name only a few. Owing to the enormous resonance of antimicrobial conjugates in the literature so far, this research topic seems to be very attractive to different scientific fields, like medicine, biology, biochemistry or chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Reinhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
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17
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Vries RD, Andrade CAS, Bakuzis AF, Mandal SM, Franco OL. Next-generation nanoantibacterial tools developed from peptides. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1643-61. [PMID: 26008197 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria resistant against various antimicrobial compounds have emerged in many countries, and the age of resistance has just started. Among the more promising novel antimicrobial compounds on which current research is focusing are the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These are often less susceptible to bacterial resistance since multiple modifications in the cellular membranes, cell wall and metabolism are required to reduce their effectiveness. Most likely, the use of pure AMPs will be insufficient for controlling pathogenic bacteria, and innovative approaches are required to employ AMPs in new antibiotic treatments. Therefore, here we review novel bionanotechnological approaches, including nanofibers, nanoparticles and magnetic particles for effectively using AMPs in fighting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renko de Vries
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cesar A S Andrade
- 3Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Andris F Bakuzis
- 4Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Santi M Mandal
- 5Anti-Infective Research Lab, Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, Índia
| | - Octavio L Franco
- 6Centro de Análises, Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70790-160, Brazil.,7S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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18
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Gonçalves F, Correia P, Silva SP, Almeida-Aguiar C. Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of cork. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 363:fnv231. [PMID: 26635416 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cork presents a range of diverse and versatile properties making this material suitable for several and extremely diverse industrial applications. Despite the wide uses of cork, its antimicrobial properties and potential applications have deserved little attention from industry and the scientific community. Thus, the main purpose of this work was the evaluation of the antibacterial properties of cork, by comparison with commercially available antimicrobial materials (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate copolymer and a currently used antimicrobial commercial additive (ACA)), following the previous development and optimization of a method for such antimicrobial assay. The AATCC 100-2004 standard method, a quantitative procedure developed for the assessment of antimicrobial properties in textile materials, was used as reference and optimized to assess cork antibacterial activity. Cork displayed high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with a bacterial reduction of almost 100% (96.93%) after 90 minutes of incubation, similar to the one obtained with ACA. A more reduced but time-constant antibacterial action was observed against Escherichia coli (36% reduction of the initial number of bacterial colonies). To complement this study, antibacterial activity was further evaluated for a water extract of cork and an MIC of 6 mg mL(-1) was obtained against the reference strain S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Gonçalves
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Correia
- Amorim Cork Research and Services, 4535-907 S. Paio Oleiros, Portugal
| | - Susana P Silva
- Amorim Cork Research and Services, 4535-907 S. Paio Oleiros, Portugal
| | - Cristina Almeida-Aguiar
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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19
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Boyer C, Corrigan NA, Jung K, Nguyen D, Nguyen TK, Adnan NNM, Oliver S, Shanmugam S, Yeow J. Copper-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Copper(0) Mediated Polymerization): From Fundamentals to Bioapplications. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1803-949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Alan Corrigan
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Diep Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Thuy-Khanh Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nik Nik M. Adnan
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Oliver
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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20
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Lozeau LD, Alexander TE, Camesano TA. Proposed Mechanisms of Tethered Antimicrobial Peptide Chrysophsin-1 as a Function of Tether Length Using QCM-D. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:13142-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D. Lozeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Todd E. Alexander
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Terri A. Camesano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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21
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Lopez-Pena CL, McClements DJ. Impact of a food-grade cationic biopolymer (ε-polylysine) on the digestion of emulsified lipids: In vitro study. Food Res Int 2015; 75:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Impact of ε-polylysine and pectin on the potential gastrointestinal fate of emulsified lipids: In vitro mouth, stomach and small intestine model. Food Chem 2015; 192:857-64. [PMID: 26304421 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
ε-Polylysine (ε-PL) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial biopolymer, suitable for use in foods; however, some studies suggest that it may also inhibit lipid digestion. We therefore examined the effect of polylysine on the digestion of corn oil-in-water emulsions, using a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that included oral, gastric, and intestinal phases. Both mucin and polylysine had pronounced influences on the particle size, charge, and aggregation state throughout the GIT. However, surprisingly, we found that ε-polylysine did not have a significant impact on lipid digestion, either in the presence or absence of anionic mucin. However, it did form strong electrostatic complexes with mixed micelles, which could decrease the transport and absorption of lipids in the small intestine. These results have important implications for the incorporation of polylysine into food systems, particularly those containing lipophilic nutrients.
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23
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Yu Q, Wu Z, Chen H. Dual-function antibacterial surfaces for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2015; 16:1-13. [PMID: 25637065 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial attachment and the subsequent formation of biofilm on surfaces of synthetic materials pose a serious problem in both human healthcare and industrial applications. In recent decades, considerable attention has been paid to developing antibacterial surfaces to reduce the extent of initial bacterial attachment and thereby to prevent subsequent biofilm formation. Briefly, there are three main types of antibacterial surfaces: bactericidal surfaces, bacteria-resistant surfaces, and bacteria-release surfaces. The strategy adopted to develop each type of surface has inherent advantages and disadvantages; many efforts have been focused on the development of novel antibacterial surfaces with dual functionality. In this review, we highlight the recent progress made in the development of dual-function antibacterial surfaces for biomedical applications. These surfaces are based on the combination of two strategies into one system, which can kill attached bacteria as well as resisting or releasing bacteria. Perspectives on future research directions for the design of dual-function antibacterial surfaces are also provided.
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24
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Xu Q, Sardon H, Chan JMW, Hedrick JL, Yang YY. Polyurethane-coated silica particles with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01455c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial polyurethane-coated silica particles were synthesized using a “grafting to” approach via surface-to-end-group and surface-to-backbone strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxing Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Haritz Sardon
- IBM Almaden Research Center
- San Jose
- USA
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center
| | | | | | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
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25
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Lequeux I, Ducasse E, Jouenne T, Thebault P. Design of an antibacterial gelatin based on a covalent protein-protein coupling. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lequeux
- Normandie Univ; Rouen France
- Lab Polymères Biopolymères, Surfaces; Univ Rouen, F-76821 Mont St Aignan France
- CNRS; UMR 6270, F-76821 Mont St Aignan France
| | - Emmanuel Ducasse
- Normandie Univ; Rouen France
- Lab Polymères Biopolymères, Surfaces; Univ Rouen, F-76821 Mont St Aignan France
- CNRS; UMR 6270, F-76821 Mont St Aignan France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- Normandie Univ; Rouen France
- Lab Polymères Biopolymères, Surfaces; Univ Rouen, F-76821 Mont St Aignan France
- CNRS; UMR 6270, F-76821 Mont St Aignan France
| | - Pascal Thebault
- Normandie Univ; Rouen France
- Lab Polymères Biopolymères, Surfaces; Univ Rouen, F-76821 Mont St Aignan France
- CNRS; UMR 6270, F-76821 Mont St Aignan France
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26
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Pina AS, Batalha ÍL, Fernandes CSM, Aoki MA, Roque ACA. Exploring the potential of magnetic antimicrobial agents for water disinfection. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 66:160-168. [PMID: 25201339 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Industrial and urban activities yield large amounts of contaminated groundwater, which present a major health issue worldwide. Infectious diseases are the most common health risk associated with drinking-water and wastewater remediation is a major concern of our modern society. The field of wastewater treatment is being revolutionized by new nano-scale water disinfection devices which outperform most currently available technologies. In particular, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in environmental applications due to their unique physical-chemical properties. In this work, poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG)-coated MNPs have been functionalized with (RW)3, an antimicrobial peptide, to yield a novel magnetic-responsive support with antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 DSM498 and Bacillus subtilis 168. The magnetic-responsive antimicrobial device showed to be able to successfully disinfect the surrounding solution. Using a rapid high-throughput screening platform, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to be 500 μM for both strains with a visible bactericidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Pina
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Íris L Batalha
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S M Fernandes
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Matheus A Aoki
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana C A Roque
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Krishnamoorthy M, Hakobyan S, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE. Surface-initiated polymer brushes in the biomedical field: applications in membrane science, biosensing, cell culture, regenerative medicine and antibacterial coatings. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10976-1026. [PMID: 25353708 DOI: 10.1021/cr500252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahentha Krishnamoorthy
- Institute of Bioengineering and ‡School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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28
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Liu B, Sun S, Gao Z, Zhang D, Bian G, Qi Y, Yang X, Li C. Silica-g-poly[2-(N,N-dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate] hybrid nanospheres with polymer brushes as stabilizer for metallic nanocolloids. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Zhu X, Radovic-Moreno AF, Wu J, Langer R, Shi J. Nanomedicine in the Management of Microbial Infection - Overview and Perspectives. NANO TODAY 2014; 9:478-498. [PMID: 25267927 PMCID: PMC4175422 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
For more than 2 billion years, microbes have reigned on our planet, evolving or outlasting many obstacles they have encountered. In the 20th century, this trend took a dramatic turn with the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines. Nevertheless, since then, microbes have progressively eroded the effectiveness of previously successful antibiotics by developing resistance, and many infections have eluded conventional vaccine design approaches. Moreover, the emergence of resistant and more virulent strains of bacteria has outpaced the development of new antibiotics over the last few decades. These trends have had major economic and health impacts at all levels of the socioeconomic spectrum - we need breakthrough innovations that could effectively manage microbial infections and deliver solutions that stand the test of time. The application of nanotechnologies to medicine, or nanomedicine, which has already demonstrated its tremendous impact on the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, is rapidly becoming a major driving force behind ongoing changes in the antimicrobial field. Here we provide an overview on the current progress of nanomedicine in the management of microbial infection, including diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, drug delivery, medical devices, and vaccines, as well as perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in antimicrobial nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aleksandar F. Radovic-Moreno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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30
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Hadjesfandiari N, Yu K, Mei Y, Kizhakkedathu JN. Polymer brush-based approaches for the development of infection-resistant surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4968-4978. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00550c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Lequeux I, Ducasse E, Jouenne T, Thebault P. Addition of antimicrobial properties to hyaluronic acid by grafting of antimicrobial peptide. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Lopez-Pena CL, McClements DJ. Optimizing delivery systems for cationic biopolymers: competitive interactions of cationic polylysine with anionic κ-carrageenan and pectin. Food Chem 2013; 153:9-14. [PMID: 24491693 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Polylysine is a cationic biopolymer with a strong antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, however, its functional performance is influenced by its interactions with anionic biopolymers. We examined the stability of polylysine-pectin complexes in the presence of carrageenan, and vice versa. Polylysine-pectin or polylysine-carrageenan complexes were formed at mass ratios of 1:0 to 1:32 (pH 3.5), and then micro-electrophoresis, turbidity, microscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to characterise them. Solutions containing polylysine-pectin complexes were slightly turbid and relatively stable to aggregation at high mass ratios, whereas those containing polylysine-carrageenan complexes were turbid and unstable to aggregation and precipitation. Pectin did not strongly interact with polylysine-carrageenan complexes, whereas carrageenan displaced pectin from polylysine-pectin complexes, which was attributed to differences in electrostatic attraction between polylysine, carrageenan, and pectin. These results have important implications for the design of effective antimicrobial delivery systems for foods and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lyliam Lopez-Pena
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Chenoweth Laboratory, 100 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Chenoweth Laboratory, 100 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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33
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Emerging rules for effective antimicrobial coatings. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 32:82-90. [PMID: 24176168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to colonize abiotic surfaces, bacteria and fungi undergo a profound change in their biology to form biofilms: communities of microbes embedded into a matrix of secreted macromolecules. Despite strict hygiene standards, biofilm-related infections associated with implantable devices remain a common complication in the clinic. Here, the application of highly dosed antibiotics is problematic in that the biofilm (i) provides a protective environment for microbes to evade antibiotics and/or (ii) can provide selective pressure for the evolution of antibiotic-resistant microbes. However, recent research suggests that effective prevention of biofilm formation may be achieved by multifunctional surface coatings that provide both non-adhesive and antimicrobial properties imparted by antimicrobial peptides. Such coatings are the subject of this review.
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Ohno K, Mori C, Akashi T, Yoshida S, Tago Y, Tsujii Y, Tabata Y. Fabrication of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging from polymer-brush-afforded iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles prepared by surface-initiated living radical polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3453-62. [PMID: 23957585 DOI: 10.1021/bm400770n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to fabricate a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by using hybrid particles composed of a core of iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and a shell of hydrophilic polymer brush synthesized by surface-initiated (SI) living radical polymerization. To achieve this, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were surface-modified with initiating groups for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) via a ligand-exchange reaction in the presence of a triethoxysilane derivative having an ATRP initiation site. The ATRP-initiator-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used for performing the SI-ATRP of methyl methacrylate to demonstrate the ability of the synthesized nanoparticles to produce well-defined polymer brushes on their surfaces. The polymerization proceeded in a living fashion so as to produce graft polymers with targeted molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distribution. The average graft density was estimated to be as high as 0.7 chains/nm(2), which indicates the formation of so-called concentrated polymer brushes on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope observations of the hybrid nanoparticles revealed their uniformity and dispersibility in solvents to be excellent. A similar polymerization process was conducted using a hydrophilic monomer, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), to prepare Fe3O4 nanoparticles grafted with poly(PEGMA) brushes. The resultant hybrid nanoparticles showed excellent dispersibility in aqueous media including physiological conditions without causing any aggregations. The blood clearance and biodistribution of the hybrid particles were investigated by intravenously injecting particles labeled with a radio isotope, (125)I, into mice. It was found that some hybrid particles exhibited an excellently prolonged circulation lifetime in the blood with a half-life of about 24 h. When such hybrid particles were injected intravenously into a tumor-bearing mouse, they preferentially accumulated in the tumor tissues owing to the so-called enhanced permeability and retention effect. The tumor-targeted delivery was visualized by a T2-enhaced MRI measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Ohno
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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35
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36
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Gao G, Cheng JTJ, Kindrachuk J, Hancock REW, Straus SK, Kizhakkedathu JN. Biomembrane interactions reveal the mechanism of action of surface-immobilized host defense IDR-1010 peptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:199-209. [PMID: 22365603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting the mechanism of action of surface-tethered antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptides is critical to the design of optimized anti-infection coatings on biomedical devices. To address this, we compared the biomembrane interactions of host defense peptide IDR-1010cys (1) in free form, (2) as a soluble polymer conjugate, and (3) with one end tethered to a solid support with model bacterial and mammalian lipid membranes. Our results show that IDR-1010cys in all three distinct forms interacted with bacterial and mammalian lipid vesicles, but the extent of the interactions as monitored by the induction of secondary structure varied. The enhanced interaction of surface-tethered peptides is well correlated with their very good antimicrobial activities. Our results demonstrate that there may be a difference in the mechanism of action of surface-tethered versus free IDR-1010cys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Gao
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Azzaroni O. Polymer brushes here, there, and everywhere: Recent advances in their practical applications and emerging opportunities in multiple research fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Glinel K, Thebault P, Humblot V, Pradier CM, Jouenne T. Antibacterial surfaces developed from bio-inspired approaches. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1670-84. [PMID: 22289644 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on the surfaces of materials is a topic of major medical and societal importance. Various synthetic approaches based on immobilization or release of bactericidal substances such as metal derivatives, polyammonium salts and antibiotics were extensively explored to produce antibacterial coatings. Although providing encouraging results, these approaches suffer from the use of active agents which may be associated with side-effects such as cytotoxicity, hypersensibility, inflammatory responses or the progressive alarming phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. In addition to these synthetic approaches, living organisms, e.g. animals and plants, have developed fascinating strategies over millions of years to prevent efficiently the colonization of their surfaces by pathogens. These strategies have been recently mimicked to create a new generation of bio-inspired biofilm-resistant surfaces. In this review, we discuss some of these bio-inspired methods devoted to the development of antibiofilm surfaces. We describe the elaboration of antibacterial coatings based on natural bactericidal substances produced by living organisms such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriolytic enzymes and essential oils. We discuss also the development of layers mimicking algae surfaces and based on anti-quorum-sensing molecules which affect cell-to-cell communication. Finally, we report on very recent strategies directly inspired from marine animal life and based on surface microstructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Glinel
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (Bio- and Soft Matter), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Liu X, Zhang H, Tian Z, Sen A, Allcock HR. Preparation of quaternized organic–inorganic hybrid brush polyphosphazene-co-poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] electrospun fibers and their antibacterial properties. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20170d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gao G, Yu K, Kindrachuk J, Brooks DE, Hancock REW, Kizhakkedathu JN. Antibacterial surfaces based on polymer brushes: investigation on the influence of brush properties on antimicrobial peptide immobilization and antimicrobial activity. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3715-27. [PMID: 21902171 DOI: 10.1021/bm2009697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary amine containing copolymer, poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride) (poly(DMA-co-APMA)), brushes were synthesized on Ti surface by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) in aqueous conditions. A series of poly(DMA-co-APMA) copolymer brushes on titanium (Ti) surface with different molecular weights, thicknesses, compositions, and graft densities were synthesized by changing the SI-ATRP reaction conditions. Cysteine-functionalized cationic antimicrobial peptide Tet213 (KRWWKWWRRC) was conjugated to the copolymers brushes using a maleimide-thiol addition reaction after initial modification of the grafted chains using 3-maleimidopropionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The modified surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle measurements, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ellipsometry analysis. The conjugation of the Tet213 onto brushes strongly depended on graft density of the brushes at different copolymer brush compositions. The peptide density (peptides/nm(2)) on the surface varied with the initial composition of the copolymer brushes. Higher graft density of the brushes generated high peptide density (pepetide/nm(2)) and lower number of peptides/polymer chain and vice versa. The peptide density and graft density of the chains on surface greatly influenced the antimicrobial activity of peptide grafted polymer brushes against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Gao
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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