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Soares LB, da Silveira JM, Biazi LE, Longo L, de Oliveira D, Furigo Júnior A, Ienczak JL. An overview on fermentation strategies to overcome lignocellulosic inhibitors in second-generation ethanol production using cell immobilization. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1150-1171. [PMID: 36162829 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of technologies to ferment carbohydrates (mainly glucose and xylose) obtained from the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of second-generation ethanol (2G ethanol) has many economic and environmental advantages. The pretreatment step of this biomass is industrially performed mainly by steam explosion with diluted sulfuric acid and generates hydrolysates that contain inhibitory compounds for the metabolism of microorganisms, harming the next step of ethanol production. The main inhibitors are: organic acids, furan, and phenolics. Several strategies can be applied to decrease the action of these compounds in microorganisms, such as cell immobilization. Based on data published in the literature, this overview will address the relevant aspects of cell immobilization for the production of 2G ethanol, aiming to evaluate this method as a strategy for protecting microorganisms against inhibitors in different modes of operation for fermentation. This is the first overview to date that shows the relation between inhibitors, cells immobilization, and fermentation operation modes for 2G ethanol. In this sense, the state of the art regarding the main inhibitors in 2G ethanol and the most applied techniques for cell immobilization, besides batch, repeated batch and continuous fermentation using immobilized cells, in addition to co-culture immobilization and co-immobilization of enzymes, are presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bergmann Soares
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Eduardo Biazi
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Liana Longo
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Agenor Furigo Júnior
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jaciane Lutz Ienczak
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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2
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Dey P, Pal P, Kevin JD, Das DB. Lignocellulosic bioethanol production: prospects of emerging membrane technologies to improve the process – a critical review. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To meet the worldwide rapid growth of industrialization and population, the demand for the production of bioethanol as an alternative green biofuel is gaining significant prominence. The bioethanol production process is still considered one of the largest energy-consuming processes and is challenging due to the limited effectiveness of conventional pretreatment processes, saccharification processes, and extreme use of electricity in common fermentation and purification processes. Thus, it became necessary to improve the bioethanol production process through reduced energy requirements. Membrane-based separation technologies have already gained attention due to their reduced energy requirements, investment in lower labor costs, lower space requirements, and wide flexibility in operations. For the selective conversion of biomasses to bioethanol, membrane bioreactors are specifically well suited. Advanced membrane-integrated processes can effectively contribute to different stages of bioethanol production processes, including enzymatic saccharification, concentrating feed solutions for fermentation, improving pretreatment processes, and finally purification processes. Advanced membrane-integrated simultaneous saccharification, filtration, and fermentation strategies consisting of ultrafiltration-based enzyme recycle system with nanofiltration-based high-density cell recycle fermentation system or the combination of high-density cell recycle fermentation system with membrane pervaporation or distillation can definitely contribute to the development of the most efficient and economically sustainable second-generation bioethanol production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Dey
- Department of Biotechnology , Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences , Karunya Nagar Coimbatore 641114 , India
| | - Parimal Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology , Durgapur , India
| | - Joseph Dilip Kevin
- Department of Biotechnology , Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences , Coimbatore , India
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of AACME , Loughborough University , Loughborough, Leicestershire , UK
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3
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Reverse membrane bioreactor: Introduction to a new technology for biofuel production. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:954-975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Asada C, Sasaki C, Takamatsu T, Nakamura Y. Conversion of steam-exploded cedar into ethanol using simultaneous saccharification, fermentation and detoxification process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 176:203-209. [PMID: 25461004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the simultaneous saccharification, fermentation and detoxification SSDF process of steam-exploded cedar using a detoxification microorganism, Ureibacillus thermosphaericus A1, to facilitate efficient ethanol production. Steam explosion was applied as a pretreatment before enzymatic saccharification followed by alcohol fermentation. The highest glucose conversion rate was observed in the sample pretreated with a steam pressure of 45atm for 5min. Alcohol production by a heat-tolerant yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae BA11, was inhibited strongly by inhibitory materials present in the steam-exploded cedar, such as formic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The maximum amount of ethanol, i.e., 0.155g ethanol/g dry steam-exploded cedar, which corresponded to 74% of the theoretical ethanol yield, was obtained using the SSDF when U. thermosphaericus A1 degraded the inhibitory materials. A fed batch SSDF culture, in which U. thermosphaericus A1 was used to maintain low concentrations of inhibitory materials, was effective for increasing the ethanol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Asada
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Chizuru Sasaki
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoki Takamatsu
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Nakamura
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
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5
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Ylitervo P, Doyen W, Taherzadeh MJ. Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolyzate using a submerged membrane bioreactor at high dilution rates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 164:64-69. [PMID: 24836707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR) was developed to ferment toxic lignocellulosic hydrolyzate to ethanol. The sMBR achieved high cell density of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during continuous cultivation of the hydrolyzate by completely retaining all yeast cells inside the sMBR. The performance of the sMBR was evaluated based on the ethanol yield and productivity at the dilution rates 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8h(-1) with the increase of dilution rate. Results show that the yeast in the sMBR was able to ferment the wood hydrolyzate even at high dilution rates, attaining a maximum volumetric ethanol productivity of 7.94 ± 0.10 g L(-1)h(-1) at a dilution rate of 0.8h(-1). Ethanol yields were stable at 0.44 ± 0.02 g g(-1) during all the tested dilution rates, and the ethanol productivity increased from 2.16 ± 0.15 to 7.94 ± 0.10 g L(-1)h(-1). The developed sMBR systems running at high yeast density demonstrate a potential for a rapid and productive ethanol production from wood hydrolyzate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Ylitervo
- Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden; Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Wim Doyen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Vito NV, Mol, Belgium.
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6
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Application of a magnetically induced membrane vibration (MMV) system for lignocelluloses hydrolysate filtration. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Ylitervo P, Akinbomia J, Taherzadeha MJ. Membrane bioreactors' potential for ethanol and biogas production: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1711-1723. [PMID: 24350429 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.813559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Companies developing and producing membranes for different separation purposes, as well as the market for these, have markedly increased in numbers over the last decade. Membrane and separation technology might well contribute to making fuel ethanol and biogas production from lignocellulosic materials more economically viable and productive. Combining biological processes with membrane separation techniques in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) increases cell concentrations extensively in the bioreactor. Such a combination furthermore reduces product inhibition during the biological process, increases product concentration and productivity, and simplifies the separation of product and/or cells. Various MBRs have been studied over the years, where the membrane is either submerged inside the liquid to be filtered, or placed in an external loop outside the bioreactor. All configurations have advantages and drawbacks, as reviewed in this paper. The current review presents an account of the membrane separation technologies, and the research performed on MBRs, focusing on ethanol and biogas production. The advantages and potentials of the technology are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Ylitervo
- School of Engineering, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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8
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Lee SU, Jung K, Park GW, Seo C, Hong YK, Hong WH, Chang HN. Bioprocessing aspects of fuels and chemicals from biomass. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Carstensen F, Apel A, Wessling M. In situ product recovery: Submerged membranes vs. external loop membranes. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Pan W, Perrotta JA, Stipanovic AJ, Nomura CT, Nakas JP. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17759 using a detoxified sugar maple hemicellulosic hydrolysate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:459-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sugar maple hemicellulosic hydrolysate containing 71.9 g/l of xylose was used as an inexpensive feedstock to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17759. Several inhibitory compounds present in wood hydrolysate were analyzed for effects on cell growth and PHA production with strong inhibition observed at concentrations of 1 g/l furfural, 2 g/l vanillin, 7 g/l levulinic acid, and 1 M acetic acid. Gradual catabolism of lower concentrations of these inhibitors was observed in this study. To increase the fermentability of wood hydrolysate, several detoxification methods were tested. Overliming combined with low-temperature sterilization resulted in the highest removal of total inhibitory phenolics (65%). A fed-batch fermentation exhibited maximum PHA production after 96 h (8.72 g PHA/L broth and 51.4% of dry cell weight). Compositional analysis by NMR and physical–chemical characterization showed that PHA produced from wood hydrolysate was composed of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) with a molecular mass (M N) of 450.8 kDa, a melting temperature (T m) of 174.4°C, a glass transition temperature (T g) of 7.31°C, and a decomposition temperature (T decomp) of 268.6°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Pan
- grid.264257.0 0000000403878708 Department of Environment and Forest Biology SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry Illick 201, 1 Forestry Drive 13210 Syracuse NY USA
| | - Joseph A Perrotta
- grid.264257.0 0000000403878708 Department of Environment and Forest Biology SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry Illick 201, 1 Forestry Drive 13210 Syracuse NY USA
| | - Arthur J Stipanovic
- grid.264257.0 0000000403878708 Department of Chemistry SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry 13210 Syracuse NY USA
| | - Christopher T Nomura
- grid.264257.0 0000000403878708 Department of Chemistry SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry 13210 Syracuse NY USA
| | - James P Nakas
- grid.264257.0 0000000403878708 Department of Environment and Forest Biology SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry Illick 201, 1 Forestry Drive 13210 Syracuse NY USA
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11
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Sung IK, Han NS, Kim BS. Co-production of biomass and metabolites by cell retention culture of Leuconostoc citreum. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 35:715-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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12
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Asada C, Asakawa A, Sasaki C, Nakamura Y. Characterization of the steam-exploded spent Shiitake mushroom medium and its efficient conversion to ethanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10052-10056. [PMID: 21890352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Spent Shiitake mushroom medium was subjected to steam explosion followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using Meicelase and Saccahromyces cerevisiae AM12. Water extraction of the medium exposed to steam at 20 atm for 5 min enhanced the saccharification rate by about 20% compared to steam-exploded medium before water extraction and resulted in the production of 23.8 g/l ethanol from a substrate concentration of 100g/l. This corresponded to 87.6% of the theoretical ethanol yield, i.e., 15.9 g ethanol was obtained from 100g of spent Shiitake mushroom medium. Spent Shiitake mushroom medium subjected to steam explosion and then water extraction appears to be a candidate for efficient bioconversion to ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Asada
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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13
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Li H, Kim NJ, Jiang M, Kang JW, Chang HN. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of lignocellulosic residues pretreated with phosphoric acid-acetone for bioethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:3245-51. [PMID: 19289273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bermudagrass, reed and rapeseed were pretreated with phosphoric acid-acetone and used for ethanol production by means of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with a batch and fed-batch mode. When the batch SSF experiments were conducted in a 3% low effective cellulose, about 16 g/L of ethanol were obtained after 96 h of fermentation. When batch SSF experiments were conducted with a higher cellulose content (10% effective cellulose for reed and bermudagrass and 5% for rapeseed), higher ethanol concentrations and yields (of more than 93%) were obtained. The fed-batch SSF strategy was adopted to increase the ethanol concentration further. When a higher water-insoluble solid (up to 36%) was applied, the ethanol concentration reached 56 g/L of an inhibitory concentration of the yeast strain used in this study at 38 degrees C. The results show that the pretreated materials can be used as good feedstocks for bioethanol production, and that the phosphoric acid-acetone pretreatment can effectively yield a higher ethanol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Biochemical Engineering Lab, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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14
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Choi GW, Kang HW, Moon SK, Chung BW. Continuous Ethanol Production from Cassava Through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation by Self-Flocculating Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae CHFY0321. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:1517-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Brandberg T, Sanandaji N, Gustafsson L, Franzén CJ. Continuous Fermentation of Undetoxified Dilute Acid Lignocellulose Hydrolysate by Saccharomycescerevisiae ATCC 96581 Using Cell Recirculation. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:1093-101. [PMID: 16080688 DOI: 10.1021/bp050006y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581 was cultivated in a chemostat reactor with undetoxified dilute acid softwood hydrolysate as the only carbon and energy source. The effects of nutrient addition, dilution rate, cell recirculation, and microaerobicity were investigated. Fermentation of unsupplemented dilute acid lignocellulose hydrolysate at D = 0.10 h(-1) in an anaerobic continuous reactor led to washout. Addition of ammonium sulfate or yeast extract was insufficient for obtaining steady state. In contrast, dilute acid lignocellulose hydrolysate supplemented with complete mineral medium, except for the carbon and energy source, was fermentable under anaerobic steady-state conditions at dilution rates up to 0.14 h(-1). Under these conditions, washout occurred at D = 0.15 h(-1). This was preceded by a drop in fermentative capacity and a very high specific ethanol production rate. Growth at all different dilution rates tested resulted in residual sugar in the chemostat. Cell recirculation (90%), achieved by cross-flow filtration, increased the sugar conversion rate from 92% to 99% at D = 0.10 h(-1). Nutrient addition clearly improved the long-term ethanol productivity in the recirculation cultures. Application of microaerobic conditions on the nutrient-supplemented recirculation cultures resulted in a higher production of biomass, a higher cellular protein content, and improved fermentative capacity, which further improves the robustness of fermentation of undetoxified lignocellulose hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Brandberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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16
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Brandberg T, Karimi K, Taherzadeh MJ, Franzén CJ, Gustafsson L. Continuous fermentation of wheat-supplemented lignocellulose hydrolysate with different types of cell retention. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 98:80-90. [PMID: 17335066 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Medium supplementation and process alternatives for fuel ethanol production from dilute acid lignocellulose hydrolysate were investigated. Dilute acid lignocellulose hydrolysate supplemented with enzymatically hydrolysed wheat flour could sustain continuous anaerobic cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581 if further supplemented with ammonium sulphate and biotin. This medium composition allowed for a hexose utilisation of 73% and an ethanol production of 36 mmol l(-1) h(-1) in chemostat cultivation at dilution rate 0.10 h(-1). Three different methods for cell retention were compared for improved fermentation of supplemented lignocellulose hydrolysate: cell recirculation by filtration, cell recirculation by sedimentation and cell immobilisation in calcium alginate. All three cell retention methods improved the hexose conversion and increased the volumetric ethanol production rate. Recirculation of 75% of the bioreactor outlet flow by filtration improved the hexose utilisation from 76% to 94%. Sedimentation turned out to be an efficient method for cell separation; the cell concentration in the reactor was 32 times higher than in the outflow after 60 h of substrate feeding. However, chemostat and continuous cell recirculation cultures became severely inhibited when the dilution rate was increased to 0.20 h(-1). In contrast, an immobilised system kept producing ethanol at a stable level also at dilution rate 0.30 h(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Brandberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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17
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Cardona CA, Sánchez OJ. Fuel ethanol production: process design trends and integration opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:2415-57. [PMID: 17336061 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Current fuel ethanol research and development deals with process engineering trends for improving biotechnological production of ethanol. In this work, the key role that process design plays during the development of cost-effective technologies is recognized through the analysis of major trends in process synthesis, modeling, simulation and optimization related to ethanol production. Main directions in techno-economical evaluation of fuel ethanol processes are described as well as some prospecting configurations. The most promising alternatives for compensating ethanol production costs by the generation of valuable co-products are analyzed. Opportunities for integration of fuel ethanol production processes and their implications are underlined. Main ways of process intensification through reaction-reaction, reaction-separation and separation-separation processes are analyzed in the case of bioethanol production. Some examples of energy integration during ethanol production are also highlighted. Finally, some concluding considerations on current and future research tendencies in fuel ethanol production regarding process design and integration are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Cardona
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Colombia at Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60 Of. F-505, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.
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18
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Brandberg T, Gustafsson L, Franzén CJ. The impact of severe nitrogen limitation and microaerobic conditions on extended continuous cultivations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with cell recirculation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Kwon SG, Son JW, Kim HJ, Park CS, Lee JK, Ji GE, Oh DK. High Concentration Cultivation of Bifidobacteriumbifidumin a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/bp060236s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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The capture and release of biomass using a high voidage fibrous filter (marked revision). Chem Eng Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2005.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Batch and continuous fermentation of succinic acid from wood hydrolysate by Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Park MS, Vislovskiy VP, Chang JS, Shul YG, Yoo JS, Park SE. Catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene with carbon dioxide: promotional effect of antimony in supported vanadium–antimony oxide catalyst. Catal Today 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2003.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Robinson J, Keating J, Mansfield S, Saddler J. The fermentability of concentrated softwood-derived hemicellulose fractions with and without supplemental cellulose hydrolysates. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Rivas B, Domı́nguez J, Domı́nguez H, Parajó J. Bioconversion of posthydrolysed autohydrolysis liquors: an alternative for xylitol production from corn cobs. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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De Bari I, Viola E, Barisano D, Cardinale M, Nanna F, Zimbardi F, Cardinale G, Braccio G. Ethanol Production at Flask and Pilot Scale from Concentrated Slurries of Steam-Exploded Aspen. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie010571f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. De Bari
- ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Renewable Energy Division, Biomass Laboratory, Policoro (MT) 75025, Italy
| | - E. Viola
- ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Renewable Energy Division, Biomass Laboratory, Policoro (MT) 75025, Italy
| | - D. Barisano
- ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Renewable Energy Division, Biomass Laboratory, Policoro (MT) 75025, Italy
| | - M. Cardinale
- ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Renewable Energy Division, Biomass Laboratory, Policoro (MT) 75025, Italy
| | - F. Nanna
- ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Renewable Energy Division, Biomass Laboratory, Policoro (MT) 75025, Italy
| | - F. Zimbardi
- ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Renewable Energy Division, Biomass Laboratory, Policoro (MT) 75025, Italy
| | - G. Cardinale
- ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Renewable Energy Division, Biomass Laboratory, Policoro (MT) 75025, Italy
| | - G. Braccio
- ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Renewable Energy Division, Biomass Laboratory, Policoro (MT) 75025, Italy
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