1
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Paulus J, Sewald N. Small molecule- and peptide-drug conjugates addressing integrins: A story of targeted cancer treatment. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3561. [PMID: 38382900 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Targeted cancer treatment should avoid side effects and damage to healthy cells commonly encountered during traditional chemotherapy. By combining small molecule or peptidic ligands as homing devices with cytotoxic drugs connected by a cleavable or non-cleavable linker in peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) or small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), cancer cells and tumours can be selectively targeted. The development of highly affine, selective peptides and small molecules in recent years has allowed PDCs and SMDCs to increasingly compete with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Integrins represent an excellent target for conjugates because they are overexpressed by most cancer cells and because of the broad knowledge about native binding partners as well as the multitude of small-molecule and peptidic ligands that have been developed over the last 30 years. In particular, integrin αVβ3 has been addressed using a variety of different PDCs and SMDCs over the last two decades, following various strategies. This review summarises and describes integrin-addressing PDCs and SMDCs while highlighting points of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Paulus
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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2
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Zimmer O, Goepferich A. On the uncertainty of the correlation between nanoparticle avidity and biodistribution. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114240. [PMID: 38437906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The specific delivery of a drug to its site of action also known as targeted drug delivery is a topic in the field of pharmaceutics studied for decades. One approach extensively investigated in this context is the use ligand functionalized nanoparticles. These particles are modified to carry receptor specific ligands, enabling them to accumulate at a desired target site. However, while this concept initially appears straightforward to implement, in-depth research has revealed several challenges hindering target site specific particle accumulation - some of which remain unresolved to this day. One of these challenges consists in the still incomplete understanding of how nanoparticles interact with biological systems. This knowledge gap significantly compromises the predictability of particle distribution in biological systems, which is critical for therapeutic efficacy. One of the most crucial steps in delivery is the attachment of nanoparticles to cells at the target site. This attachment occurs via the formation of multiple ligand receptor bonds. A process also referred to as multivalent interaction. While multivalency has been described extensively for individual molecules and macromolecules respectively, little is known on the multivalent binding of nanoparticles to cells. Here, we will specifically introduce the concept of avidity as a measure for favorable particle membrane interactions. Also, an overview about nanoparticle and membrane properties affecting avidity will be given. Thereafter, we provide a thorough review on literature investigating the correlation between nanoparticle avidity and success in targeted particle delivery. In particular, we want to analyze the currently uncertain data on the existence and nature of the correlation between particle avidity and biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany
| | - Achim Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany.
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3
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Shi Y, Bashian EE, Hou Y, Wu P. Chemical immunology: Recent advances in tool development and applications. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:S2451-9456(24)00080-1. [PMID: 38508196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Immunology was one of the first biological fields to embrace chemical approaches. The development of new chemical approaches and techniques has provided immunologists with an impressive arsenal of tools to address challenges once considered insurmountable. This review focuses on advances at the interface of chemistry and immunobiology over the past two decades that have not only opened new avenues in basic immunological research, but also revolutionized drug development for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. These include chemical approaches to understand and manipulate antigen presentation and the T cell priming process, to facilitate immune cell trafficking and regulate immune cell functions, and therapeutic applications of chemical approaches to disease control and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eleanor E Bashian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yingqin Hou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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4
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Aiassa LV, Battaglia G, Rizzello L. The multivalency game ruling the biology of immunity. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041306. [PMID: 38505426 PMCID: PMC10914136 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in our immune system, preserving tissue health and defending against harmful pathogens. This article examines the diversity of macrophages influenced by tissue-specific functions and developmental origins, both in normal and disease conditions. Understanding the spectrum of macrophage activation states, especially in pathological situations where they contribute significantly to disease progression, is essential to develop targeted therapies effectively. These states are characterized by unique receptor compositions and phenotypes, but they share commonalities. Traditional drugs that target individual entities are often insufficient. A promising approach involves using multivalent systems adorned with multiple ligands to selectively target specific macrophage populations based on their phenotype. Achieving this requires constructing supramolecular structures, typically at the nanoscale. This review explores the theoretical foundation of engineered multivalent nanosystems, dissecting the key parameters governing specific interactions. The goal is to design targeting systems based on distinct cell phenotypes, providing a pragmatic approach to navigating macrophage heterogeneity's complexities for more effective therapeutic interventions.
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5
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Orcutt-Jahns B, Emmel PC, Snyder EM, Taylor SD, Meyer AS. Multivalent, asymmetric IL-2-Fc fusions show enhanced selectivity for regulatory T cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg0699. [PMID: 37847758 PMCID: PMC10658882 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) has the potential to treat autoimmune disease but is limited by its modest specificity toward immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells. IL-2 receptors consist of combinations of α, β, and γ chains of variable affinity and cell specificity. Engineering IL-2 to treat autoimmunity has primarily focused on retaining binding to the relatively Treg-selective, high-affinity receptor while reducing binding to the less selective, low-affinity receptor. However, we found that refining the designs to focus on targeting the high-affinity receptor through avidity effects is key to optimizing Treg selectivity. We profiled the dynamics and dose dependency of signaling responses in primary human immune cells induced by engineered fusions composed of either wild-type IL-2 or mutant forms with altered affinity, valency, and fusion to the antibody Fc region for stability. Treg selectivity and signaling response variations were explained by a model of multivalent binding and dimer-enhanced avidity-a combined measure of the strength, number, and conformation of interaction sites-from which we designed tetravalent IL-2-Fc fusions that had greater Treg selectivity in culture than do current designs. Biasing avidity toward IL2Rα with an asymmetrical multivalent design consisting of one α/β chain-binding and one α chain-binding mutant further enhanced Treg selectivity. Comparative analysis revealed that IL2Rα was the optimal cell surface target for Treg selectivity, indicating that avidity for IL2Rα may be the optimal route to producing IL-2 variants that selectively target Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Orcutt-Jahns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter C. Emmel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eli M. Snyder
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott D. Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aaron S. Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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6
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Sultana N, David AE. Improving Cancer Targeting: A Study on the Effect of Dual-Ligand Density on Targeting of Cells Having Differential Expression of Target Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13048. [PMID: 37685852 PMCID: PMC10487485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles with hyaluronic acid (HA) and folic acid (FA) were developed to study dual-ligand targeting of CD44 and folate receptors, respectively, in colon cancer. Characterization of particles with dynamic light scattering showed them to have hydrodynamic diameters of 147-271 nm with moderate polydispersity index (PDI) values. Surface modification of the particles was achieved by simultaneous reaction with HA and FA and results showed that ligand density on the surface increased with increasing concentrations in the reaction mixture. The nanoparticles showed minimal to no cytotoxicity with all formulations showing ≥ 90% cell viability at concentrations up to 100 µg/mL. Based on flow cytometry results, SW480 cell lines were positive for both receptors, the WI38 cell line was positive for CD44 receptor, and Caco2 was positive for the folate receptor. Cellular targeting studies demonstrated the potential of the targeted nanoparticles as promising candidates for delivery of therapeutic agents. The highest cellular targeting was achieved with particles synthesized using folate:surface amine (F:A) ratio of 9 for SW480 and Caco2 cells and at F:A = 0 for WI38 cells. The highest selectivity was achieved at F:A = 9 for both SW480:WI38 and SW480:Caco2 cells. Based on HA conjugation, the highest cellular targeting was achieved at H:A = 0.5-0.75 for SW480 cell, at H:A = 0.75 for WI38 cell and at H:A = 0.5 for Caco2 cells. The highest selectivity was achieved at H:A = 0 for both SW480:WI38 and SW480:Caco2 cells. These results demonstrated that the optimum ligand density on the nanoparticle for targeting is dependent on the levels of biomarker expression on the target cells. Ongoing studies will evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of these targeted nanoparticles using in vitro and in vivo cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allan E. David
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
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7
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Singh S, Tian W, Severance ZC, Chaudhary SK, Anokhina V, Mondal B, Pergu R, Singh P, Dhawa U, Singha S, Choudhary A. Proximity-inducing modalities: the past, present, and future. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5485-5515. [PMID: 37477631 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Living systems use proximity to regulate biochemical processes. Inspired by this phenomenon, bifunctional modalities that induce proximity have been developed to redirect cellular processes. An emerging example of this class is molecules that induce ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of a protein of interest, and their initial development sparked a flurry of discovery for other bifunctional modalities. Recent advances in this area include modalities that can change protein phosphorylation, glycosylation, and acetylation states, modulate gene expression, and recruit components of the immune system. In this review, we highlight bifunctional modalities that perform functions other than degradation and have great potential to revolutionize disease treatment, while also serving as important tools in basic research to explore new aspects of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameek Singh
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Zachary C Severance
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Santosh K Chaudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Viktoriya Anokhina
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Basudeb Mondal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Rajaiah Pergu
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Prashant Singh
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Uttam Dhawa
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Santanu Singha
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Dubacheva GV, Curk T, Richter RP. Determinants of Superselectivity─Practical Concepts for Application in Biology and Medicine. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:729-739. [PMID: 36916901 PMCID: PMC10077582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusMultivalent interactions are common in biological systems and are also widely deployed for targeting applications in biomedicine. A unique feature of multivalent binding is "superselectivity". Superselectivity refers to the sharp discrimination of surfaces (e.g., on cells or cell compartments) by their comparative surface densities of a given receptor. This feature is different from the conventional "type" selectivity, which discriminates surfaces by their distinct receptor types. In a broader definition, a probe is superselective if it converts a gradual change in any one interaction parameter into a sharp on/off dependency in probe binding.This Account describes our systematic experimental and theoretical efforts over the past decade to analyze the determinants of superselective binding. It aims to offer chemical biologists, biophysicists, biologists, and biomedical scientists a set of guidelines for the interpretation of multivalent binding data, and design rules for tuning superselective targeting. We first provide a basic introduction that identifies multiple low-affinity interactions and combinatorial entropy as the minimal set of conditions required for superselective recognition. We then introduce the main experimental and theoretical tools and analyze how salient features of the multivalent probes (i.e., their concentration, size, ligand valency, and scaffold type), of the surface receptors (i.e., their affinity for ligands, surface density, and mobility), and of competitors and cofactors (i.e., their concentration and affinity for the ligands and/or receptors) influence the sharpness and the position of the threshold for superselective recognition.Emerging from this work are a set of relatively simple yet quantitative data analysis guidelines and superselectivity design rules that apply to a broad range of probe types and interaction systems. The key finding is the scaling variable xS which faithfully predicts the influence of the surface receptor density, probe ligand valency, receptor-ligand affinity, and competitor/cofactor concentrations and affinities on superselective recognition. The scaling variable is a simple yet versatile tool to quantitatively tune the on/off threshold of superselective probes. We exemplify its application by reviewing and reinterpreting literature data for selected biological and biomedical interaction systems where superselectivity clearly is important.Our guidelines can be deployed to generate a new mechanistic understanding of multivalent recognition events inside and outside cells and the downstream physiological/pathological implications. Moreover, the design rules can be harnessed to develop novel superselective probes for analytical purposes in the life sciences and for diagnostic/therapeutic intervention in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Dubacheva
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), UMR 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tine Curk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ralf P Richter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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9
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Lake BPM, Wylie RG, Bařinka C, Rullo AF. Tunable Multivalent Platform for Immune Recruitment to Lower Antigen Expressing Cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214659. [PMID: 36577087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemical immunotherapeutic strategies including Antibody Recruiting Molecules (ARMs - bivalent small molecules containing an antibody-binding domain (ABD) and a target-binding domain (TBD)) direct immune-mediated clearance of diseased cells. Anti-cancer ARM function relies on high tumor antigen valency, limiting function against lower antigen expressing tumors. To address this limitation, we report a tunable multivalent immune recruitment (MIR) platform to amplify/stabilize antibody recruitment to cells with lower antigen valencies. An initial set of polymeric ARMs (pARMs) were synthesized and screened to evaluate ABD/TBD copy number, ratio, and steric occlusion on specific immune induction. Most pARMs demonstrated simultaneous high avidity binding to anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies and prostate-specific membrane antigens on prostate cancer. Optimized pARMs mediated enhanced anti-cancer immune function against lower antigen expressing target cells compared to an analogous ARM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P M Lake
- Department of Medicine, Center for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ryan G Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Cyril Bařinka
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Anthony F Rullo
- Department of Medicine, Center for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
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10
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Holz E, Darwish M, Tesar DB, Shatz-Binder W. A Review of Protein- and Peptide-Based Chemical Conjugates: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020600. [PMID: 36839922 PMCID: PMC9959917 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the complexity of molecular entities being advanced for therapeutic purposes has continued to evolve. A main propellent fueling innovation is the perpetual mandate within the pharmaceutical industry to meet the needs of novel disease areas and/or delivery challenges. As new mechanisms of action are uncovered, and as our understanding of existing mechanisms grows, the properties that are required and/or leveraged to enable therapeutic development continue to expand. One rapidly evolving area of interest is that of chemically enhanced peptide and protein therapeutics. While a variety of conjugate molecules such as antibody-drug conjugates, peptide/protein-PEG conjugates, and protein conjugate vaccines are already well established, others, such as antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates and peptide/protein conjugates using non-PEG polymers, are newer to clinical development. This review will evaluate the current development landscape of protein-based chemical conjugates with special attention to considerations such as modulation of pharmacokinetics, safety/tolerability, and entry into difficult to access targets, as well as bioavailability. Furthermore, for the purpose of this review, the types of molecules discussed are divided into two categories: (1) therapeutics that are enhanced by protein or peptide bioconjugation, and (2) protein and peptide therapeutics that require chemical modifications. Overall, the breadth of novel peptide- or protein-based therapeutics moving through the pipeline each year supports a path forward for the pursuit of even more complex therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Holz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Martine Darwish
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Devin B. Tesar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Whitney Shatz-Binder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Griego A, Scarpa E, De Matteis V, Rizzello L. Nanoparticle delivery through the BBB in central nervous system tuberculosis. IBRAIN 2023; 9:43-62. [PMID: 37786519 PMCID: PMC10528790 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in Nanotechnology have revolutionized the production of materials for biomedical applications. Nowadays, there is a plethora of nanomaterials with potential for use towards improvement of human health. On the other hand, very little is known about how these materials interact with biological systems, especially at the nanoscale level, mainly because of the lack of specific methods to probe these interactions. In this review, we will analytically describe the journey of nanoparticles (NPs) through the brain, starting from the very first moment upon injection. We will preliminarily provide a brief overlook of the physicochemical properties of NPs. Then, we will discuss how these NPs interact with the body compartments and biological barriers, before reaching the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the last gate guarding the brain. Particular attention will be paid to the interaction with the biomolecular, the bio-mesoscopic, the (blood) cellular, and the tissue barriers, with a focus on the BBB. This will be framed in the context of brain infections, especially considering central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB), which is one of the most devastating forms of human mycobacterial infections. The final aim of this review is not a collection, nor a list, of current literature data, as it provides the readers with the analytical tools and guidelines for the design of effective and rational NPs for delivery in the infected brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Griego
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- The National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM)MilanItaly
| | - Edoardo Scarpa
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- The National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM)MilanItaly
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”University of SalentoLecceItaly
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- The National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM)MilanItaly
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12
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Dalesandro BE, Pires MM. Immunotargeting of Gram-Positive Pathogens via a Cell Wall Binding Tick Antifreeze Protein. J Med Chem 2023; 66:503-515. [PMID: 36563000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunological agents that supplement or modulate the host immune response have proven to have powerful therapeutic potential, although this modality is less explored against bacterial pathogens. We describe the application of a bacterial binding protein to re-engage the immune system toward pathogenic bacteria. More specifically, a hapten was conjugated to a protein expressed by Ixodes scapularis ticks, called I. scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein (IAFGP), that has high affinity for the d-alanine residue on the bacterial peptidoglycan. We showed that a fragment of this protein retained high surface binding affinity. Moreover, conjugation of a hapten to this peptide led to the display of haptens on the cell surface of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Hapten display then induced the recruitment of antibodies and promoted uptake of bacterial pathogens by immune cells. These results demonstrate the feasibility in using cell wall binding agents as the basis of a class of bacterial immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E Dalesandro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Marcos M Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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13
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Multivalent binding kinetics resolved by fluorescence proximity sensing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1070. [PMID: 36207490 PMCID: PMC9546861 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalent protein interactors are an attractive modality for probing protein function and exploring novel pharmaceutical strategies. The throughput and precision of state-of-the-art methodologies and workflows for the effective development of multivalent binders is currently limited by surface immobilization, fluorescent labelling and sample consumption. Using the gephyrin protein, the master regulator of the inhibitory synapse, as benchmark, we exemplify the application of Fluorescence proximity sensing (FPS) for the systematic kinetic and thermodynamic optimization of multivalent peptide architectures. High throughput synthesis of +100 peptides with varying combinatorial dimeric, tetrameric, and octameric architectures combined with direct FPS measurements resolved on-rates, off-rates, and dissociation constants with high accuracy and low sample consumption compared to three complementary technologies. The dataset and its machine learning-based analysis deciphered the relationship of specific architectural features and binding kinetics and thereby identified binders with unprecedented protein inhibition capacity; thus, highlighting the value of FPS for the rational engineering of multivalent inhibitors. Fluorescence proximity sensing enables high throughput determination of binding affinities and kinetics of peptide inhibitors with varying valency and multivalent architecture.
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14
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White AM, Dellsén A, Larsson N, Kaas Q, Jansen F, Plowright AT, Knerr L, Durek T, Craik DJ. Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12956-12969. [PMID: 36167503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, cysteine staples were used as a late-stage functionalization strategy to diversify peptides and build conjugates targeting the melanocortin G-protein-coupled receptors [melanocortin receptor-1 (MC1R) and MC3R-MC5R]. Monocyclic and bicyclic agonists based on sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 were used to generate a selection of stapled peptides that were evaluated for binding (pKi) and functional activation (pEC50) of the melanocortin receptor subtypes. Stapled peptides generally had improved activity, with aromatic stapled peptides yielding selective MC1R agonists, including a xylene-stapled peptide (2) with an EC50 of 1.9 nM for MC1R and >150-fold selectivity for MC3R and MC4R. Selected stapled peptides were further functionalized with linkers and payloads, generating a series of conjugated peptides with potent MC1R activity, including one pyridazine-functionalized peptide (21) with picomolar activity at MC1R (Ki 58 pM; EC50 < 9 pM). This work demonstrates that staples can be used as modular synthetic tools to tune potency and selectivity in peptide-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M White
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anita Dellsén
- Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Niklas Larsson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Frank Jansen
- Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Alleyn T Plowright
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Laurent Knerr
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Thomas Durek
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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15
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Curk T, Dubacheva GV, Brisson AR, Richter RP. Controlling Superselectivity of Multivalent Interactions with Cofactors and Competitors. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17346-17350. [PMID: 36103600 PMCID: PMC9523699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Moieties that compete
with multivalent interactions or act as cofactors
are common in living systems, but their effect on multivalent binding
remains poorly understood. We derive a theoretical model that shows
how the superselectivity of multivalent interactions is modulated
by the presence of cofactors or competitors. We find that the role
of these participating moieties can be fully captured by a simple
rescaling of the affinity constant of the individual ligand–receptor
bonds. Theoretical predictions are supported by experimental data
of the membrane repair protein annexin A5 binding to anionic lipid
membranes in the presence of Ca2+ cofactors and of the
extracellular matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) binding to CD44
cell surface receptors in the presence of HA oligosaccharide competitors.
The obtained findings should facilitate understanding of multivalent
recognition in biological systems and open new routes for fine-tuning
the selectivity of multivalent nanoprobes in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Curk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Galina V. Dubacheva
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5250, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ralf P. Richter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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16
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Yang T, Zhai J, Hu D, Yang R, Wang G, Li Y, Liang G. "Targeting Design" of Nanoparticles in Tumor Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091919. [PMID: 36145668 PMCID: PMC9501451 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeted therapy based on nanoparticles is a popular research direction in the biomedical field. After decades of research and development, both the passive targeting ability of the inherent properties of NPs and the active targeting based on ligand receptor interaction have gained deeper understanding. Unfortunately, most targeted delivery strategies are still in the preclinical trial stage, so it is necessary to further study the biological fate of particles in vivo and the interaction mechanism with tumors. This article reviews different targeted delivery strategies based on NPs, and focuses on the physical and chemical properties of NPs (size, morphology, surface and intrinsic properties), ligands (binding number/force, activity and species) and receptors (endocytosis, distribution and recycling) and other factors that affect particle targeting. The limitations and solutions of these factors are further discussed, and a variety of new targeting schemes are introduced, hoping to provide guidance for future targeting design and achieve the purpose of rapid transformation of targeted particles into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jingming Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Dong Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ruyue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Guidan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuanpei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (G.L.)
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17
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Tang R, Fu Y, Gong B, Fan Y, Wang H, Huang Y, Nie Z, Wei P. A Chimeric Conjugate of Antibody and Programmable DNA Nanoassembly Smartly Activates T Cells for Precise Cancer Cell Targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205902. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Hao Fu
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Bo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Ying Fan
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Hong‐Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Ping Wei
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
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18
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Fang Q, Guo P, Zeng Y, Wang C, Jiang T, Jiang Y. Design of high-avidity multivalent ligand structures that target cells with high ligand economy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9802-9805. [PMID: 35971899 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel cell-targeting ligand structures are constructed with a spikey core scaffold, where multiple copies of coiled-coil peptide nanorods are conjugated on the surface of a peptide nanosheet. Clustering of carbohydrate and aptamer ligands at the end of the coiled coils optimizes ligand accessibility to cell-surface receptors. Display of the ligand-coil conjugates on the nanosheet generates a patchy ligand pattern bearing two levels of multivalency. With the ligand-scaffold system, high-avidity cell targeting is realized using fewer ligands than ever, which facilitates future applications in cell detection and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Pan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yiting Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Chenru Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen 361005, China. .,Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yunbao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen 361005, China. .,Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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19
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Almeida‐Marrero V, Bethlehem F, Longo S, Bertolino MC, Torres T, Huskens J, de la Escosura A. Tailored Multivalent Targeting of Siglecs with Photosensitizing Liposome Nanocarriers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206900. [PMID: 35652453 PMCID: PMC9401027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The modification of surfaces with multiple ligands allows the formation of platforms for the study of multivalency in diverse processes. Herein we use this approach for the implementation of a photosensitizer (PS)‐nanocarrier system that binds efficiently to siglec‐10, a member of the CD33 family of siglecs (sialic acid (SA)‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectins). In particular, a zinc phthalocyanine derivative bearing three SA moieties (PcSA) has been incorporated in the membrane of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), retaining its photophysical properties upon insertion into the SUV's membrane. The interaction of these biohybrid systems with human siglec‐10‐displaying supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) has shown the occurrence of weakly multivalent, superselective interactions between vesicle and SLB. The SLB therefore acts as an excellent cell membrane mimic, while the binding with PS‐loaded SUVs shows the potential for targeting siglec‐expressing cells with photosensitizing nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Almeida‐Marrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Fleur Bethlehem
- Department of Molecules & Materials MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Sara Longo
- Department of Molecules & Materials MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - M. Candelaria Bertolino
- Department of Molecules & Materials MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem) Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Tomás Torres IMDEA Nanoscience Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Department of Molecules & Materials MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Department of Organic Chemistry Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem) Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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20
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Acosta-Gutiérrez S, Matias D, Avila-Olias M, Gouveia VM, Scarpa E, Forth J, Contini C, Duro-Castano A, Rizzello L, Battaglia G. A Multiscale Study of Phosphorylcholine Driven Cellular Phenotypic Targeting. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:891-904. [PMID: 35912343 PMCID: PMC9335915 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic targeting requires the ability of the drug delivery system to discriminate over cell populations expressing a particular receptor combination. Such selectivity control can be achieved using multiplexed-multivalent carriers often decorated with multiple ligands. Here, we demonstrate that the promiscuity of a single ligand can be leveraged to create multiplexed-multivalent carriers achieving phenotypic targeting. We show how the cellular uptake of poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine)-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacry-late) (PMPC-PDPA) polymersomes varies depending on the receptor expression among different cells. We investigate the PMPC-PDPA polymersome insertion at the single chain/receptor level using all-atom molecular modeling. We propose a theoretical statistical mechanics-based model for polymersome-cell association that explicitly considers the interaction of the polymersome with the cell glycocalyx shedding light on its effect on the polymersome binding. We validate our model experimentally and show that the binding energy is a nonlinear function, allowing us to tune the interaction by varying the radius and degree of polymerization. Finally, we show that PMPC-PDPA polymersomes can be used to target monocytes in vivo due to their promiscuous interaction with SRB1, CD36, and CD81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Acosta-Gutiérrez
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University
College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Matias
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University
College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Milagros Avila-Olias
- Department
of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia M. Gouveia
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University
College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- SomaServe
Ltd U.K., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United
Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Scarpa
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University
College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- INGM,
Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica
Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Joe Forth
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University
College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Contini
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University
College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aroa Duro-Castano
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University
College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University
College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- INGM,
Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica
Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University
College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Taghipour YD, Zarebkohan A, Salehi R, Rahimi F, Torchilin VP, Hamblin MR, Seifalian A. An update on dual targeting strategy for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2022; 349:67-96. [PMID: 35779656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The key issue in the treatment of solid tumors is the lack of efficient strategies for the targeted delivery and accumulation of therapeutic cargoes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeting approaches are designed for more efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells while minimizing drug toxicity to normal cells and off-targeting effects, while maximizing the eradication of cancer cells. The highly complicated interrelationship between the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, and the physiological and pathological barriers that are required to cross, dictates the need for the success of targeting strategies. Dual targeting is an approach that uses both purely biological strategies and physicochemical responsive smart delivery strategies to increase the accumulation of nanoparticles within the TME and improve targeting efficiency towards cancer cells. In both approaches, either one single ligand is used for targeting a single receptor on different cells, or two different ligands for targeting two different receptors on the same or different cells. Smart delivery strategies are able to respond to triggers that are typical of specific disease sites, such as pH, certain specific enzymes, or redox conditions. These strategies are expected to lead to more precise targeting and better accumulation of nano-therapeutics. This review describes the classification and principles of dual targeting approaches and critically reviews the efficiency of dual targeting strategies, and the rationale behind the choice of ligands. We focus on new approaches for smart drug delivery in which synthetic and/or biological moieties are attached to nanoparticles by TME-specific responsive linkers and advanced camouflaged nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Davatgaran Taghipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Rahimi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine and Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Tang R, Fu YH, Gong B, Fan YY, Wang HH, Huang Y, Nie Z, Wei P. A Chimeric Conjugate of Antibody and Programmable DNA Nanoassembly Smartly Activates T cell for Precise Cancer Cell Targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology CHINA
| | - Yu-Hao Fu
- Peking University Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies CHINA
| | - Bo Gong
- Hunan University Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineerin CHINA
| | - Ying-Ying Fan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology CHINA
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, CHINA
| | - Yan Huang
- Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, CHINA
| | - Zhou Nie
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yuelushan, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P.R.China 410082 Changsha CHINA
| | - Ping Wei
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology CHINA
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23
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Almeida-Marrero V, Bethlehem F, Longo S, Bertolino MC, Torres T, Huskens J, de la Escosura A. Tailored Multivalent Targeting of Siglecs with Photosensitizing Liposome Nanocarriers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Almeida-Marrero
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid - Campus de Cantoblanco: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Fleur Bethlehem
- University of Twente Institute for Nanotechnology: Universiteit Twente MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology MESA+ NETHERLANDS
| | - Sara Longo
- University of Twente Institute for Nanotechnology: Universiteit Twente MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology MESA+ NETHERLANDS
| | - M. Candelaria Bertolino
- University of Twente Institute for Nanotechnology: Universiteit Twente MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology MESA+ NETHERLANDS
| | - Tomas Torres
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid - Campus de Cantoblanco: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Departmento de Química Orgánica Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid SPAIN
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- University of Twente Institute for Nanotechnology: Universiteit Twente MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology MESA+ NETHERLANDS
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid - Campus de Cantoblanco: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Organic Chemistry C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Facultad de CienciasMódulo 01, Planta 4, L-401 28049 Madrid SPAIN
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24
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Szponarski M, Gademann K. Antibody Recognition of Cancer Cells via Glycan Surface Engineering. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200125. [PMID: 35638149 PMCID: PMC9400979 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of the body's immune system toward tumor cells is now well recognized as a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Just behind cell therapy and monoclonal antibodies, small molecule‐based strategies are receiving growing attention as alternatives to direct immune response against tumor cells. However, the development of small‐molecule approaches to modulate the balance between stimulatory immune factors and suppressive factors in a targeted way remains a challenge. Here, we report the cell surface functionalization of LS174T cancer cells with an abiotic hapten to recruit antibodies to the cell surface. Metabolic glycoengineering followed by covalent reaction with the hapten results in antibody recognition of the target cells. Microscopy and flow cytometry studies provide compelling evidence that metabolic glycoengineering and small molecule stimulators can be combined to direct antibody recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Szponarski
- University of Zurich: Universitat Zurich, Department of Chemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Karl Gademann
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
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25
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McCann HM, Lake BP, Hoffman KS, Davola ME, Mossman KL, Rullo AF. Covalent Immune Proximity-Induction Strategy Using SuFEx-Engineered Bifunctional Viral Peptides. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1269-1281. [PMID: 35522208 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Covalent antibody recruiting molecules (cARMs) constitute a proximity-inducing chemical strategy to modulate the recognition and elimination of cancer cells by the immune system. Recognition is achieved through synthetic bifunctional molecules that use covalency to stably bridge endogenous hapten-specific antibodies like anti-dinitrophenyl (anti-DNP), with tumor antigens on cancer cell surfaces. To recruit these antibodies, cARMs are equipped with the native hapten-binding molecule. The majority of cancer-killing immune machinery, however, recognizes epitopes on protein ligands and not small molecule haptens (e.g., Fc receptors, pathogen-specific antibodies). To access this broader class of immune machinery for recruitment, we developed a covalent immune proximity-inducing strategy. This strategy uses synthetic bifunctional electrophilic peptides derived from the native protein ligand. These bifunctional peptides are engineered to contain both a tumor-targeting molecule and a sulfonyl (VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) electrophile. As a proof of concept, we synthesized bifunctional electrophilic peptides derived from glycoprotein D (gD) on herpes simplex virus (HSV), to recruit gD-specific serum anti-HSV antibodies to cancer cells expressing the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). We demonstrate that serum anti-HSV antibodies can be selectively and irreversibly targeted by these electrophilic peptides and that the reaction rate can be uniquely enhanced by tuning SuFEx chemistry without a loss in selectivity. In cellular assays, electrophilic peptides demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor immunotherapeutic efficacy compared to analogous peptides lacking electrophilic functionality. This enhanced efficacy was especially prominent in the context of (a) natural anti-HSV antibodies isolated from human serum and (b) harder to treat tumor cells associated with lower PSMA expression levels. Overall, we demonstrate a new covalent peptide-based approach to immune proximity induction and reveal the potential utility of anti-viral antibodies in synthetic tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M. McCann
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center for Discovery in Cancer Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Benjamin P.M. Lake
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center for Discovery in Cancer Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Maria E. Davola
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center for Discovery in Cancer Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Karen L. Mossman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center for Discovery in Cancer Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Anthony F. Rullo
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center for Discovery in Cancer Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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26
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Hribernik N, Chiodo F, Pieters R, Bernardi A. Rhamnose-based glycomimetic for recruitment of endogenous anti-rhamnose antibodies. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Le AV, Xu M, Yang T, Barrows L, Fontaine DF, Huo S, Jakobsche CE. Contrasting solution-state properties within a family of amyloid-binding molecular tools. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Charles WZ, Faries CR, Street YT, Flowers LS, McNaughton B. Antibody‐Recruitment as a Therapeutic Strategy: A Brief History and Recent Advances. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200092. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brian McNaughton
- Delaware State University Delaware Institute for Science and Technology 1200 N Dupont Hwy 19901 Dover UNITED STATES
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29
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Morzy D, Bastings M. Significance of Receptor Mobility in Multivalent Binding on Lipid Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114167. [PMID: 34982497 PMCID: PMC9303963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous key biological processes rely on the concept of multivalency, where ligands achieve stable binding only upon engaging multiple receptors. These processes, like viral entry or immune synapse formation, occur on the diffusive cellular membrane. One crucial, yet underexplored aspect of multivalent binding is the mobility of coupled receptors. Here, we discuss the consequences of mobility in multivalent processes from four perspectives: (I) The facilitation of receptor recruitment by the multivalent ligand due to their diffusivity prior to binding. (II) The effects of receptor preassembly, which allows their local accumulation. (III) The consequences of changes in mobility upon the formation of receptor/ligand complex. (IV) The changes in the diffusivity of lipid environment surrounding engaged receptors. We demonstrate how understanding mobility is essential for fully unravelling the principles of multivalent membrane processes, leading to further development in studies on receptor interactions, and guide the design of new generations of multivalent ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Morzy
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maartje Bastings
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Morzy D, Bastings M. Significance of Receptor Mobility in Multivalent Binding on Lipid Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Morzy
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory Institute of Materials School of Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Route Cantonale 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Maartje Bastings
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory Institute of Materials School of Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Route Cantonale 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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31
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Goyard D, Diriwari PI, Berthet N. Metabolic labelling of cancer cells with glycodendrimers stimulate immune-mediated cytotoxicity. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:72-78. [PMID: 35211675 PMCID: PMC8792828 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00262g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of antibody naturally present in human blood stream at the surface of cancer cells have been proved a promising immunotherapeutic strategy to fight cancer. Antibody recruiting molecules (ARMs) combining tumor and antibody binding modules have been developed for this purpose, however the formation of the interacting complex with both antibody and cell is difficult to optimize to stimulate immune-mediated cytotoxicity. To circumvent this limitation, we report herein a more direct approach combining cell metabolism of azido-sugar and bio-orthogonal click chemistry to conjugate at the cell glycocalyx structurally well-defined glycodendrimers as antibody binding module (ABM). We demonstrate that this strategy allows not only the recruitment of natural antibody at the surface of isolated cells or solid tumor models but also activate a cytotoxic response with human serum as unique source of immune effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS DCM UMR 5250 F-38000 Grenoble France
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32
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Parashar S, Gupta V, Bhatnagar R, Kausar A. A clickable folic acid-rhamnose conjugate for selective binding to cancer cells. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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33
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Tan ZC, Orcutt-Jahns BT, Meyer AS. A quantitative view of strategies to engineer cell-selective ligand binding. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:269-282. [PMID: 34931243 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A critical property of many therapies is their selective binding to target populations. Exceptional specificity can arise from high-affinity binding to surface targets expressed exclusively on target cell types. In many cases, however, therapeutic targets are only expressed at subtly different levels relative to off-target cells. More complex binding strategies have been developed to overcome this limitation, including multi-specific and multivalent molecules, creating a combinatorial explosion of design possibilities. Guiding strategies for developing cell-specific binding are critical to employ these tools. Here, we employ a uniquely general multivalent binding model to dissect multi-ligand and multi-receptor interactions. This model allows us to analyze and explore a series of mechanisms to engineer cell selectivity, including mixtures of molecules, affinity adjustments, valency changes, multi-specific molecules and ligand competition. Each of these strategies can optimize selectivity in distinct cases, leading to enhanced selectivity when employed together. The proposed model, therefore, provides a comprehensive toolkit for the model-driven design of selectively binding therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cyrillus Tan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Brian T Orcutt-Jahns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Aaron S Meyer
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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34
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Montoya AL, Austin VM, Portillo S, Vinales I, Ashmus RA, Estevao I, Jankuru SR, Alraey Y, Al-Salem WS, Acosta-Serrano Á, Almeida IC, Michael K. Reversed Immunoglycomics Identifies α-Galactosyl-Bearing Glycotopes Specific for Leishmania major Infection. JACS AU 2021; 1:1275-1287. [PMID: 34467365 PMCID: PMC8397363 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
All healthy humans have high levels of natural anti-α-galactosyl (α-Gal) antibodies (elicited by yet uncharacterized glycotopes), which may play important roles in immunoglycomics: (a) potential protection against certain parasitic and viral zoonotic infections; (b) targeting of α-Gal-engineered cancer cells; (c) aiding in tissue repair; and (d) serving as adjuvants in α-Gal-based vaccines. Patients with certain protozoan infections have specific anti-α-Gal antibodies, elicited against parasite-derived α-Gal-bearing glycotopes. These glycotopes, however, remain elusive except for the well-characterized glycotope Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAcα, expressed by Trypanosoma cruzi. The discovery of new parasitic glycotopes is greatly hindered by the enormous structural diversity of cell-surface glycans and the technical challenges of classical immunoglycomics, a top-down approach from cultivated parasites to isolated glycans. Here, we demonstrate that reversed immunoglycomics, a bottom-up approach, can identify parasite species-specific α-Gal-bearing glycotopes by probing synthetic oligosaccharides on neoglycoproteins. This method was tested here seeking to identify as-yet unknown glycotopes specific for Leishmania major, the causative agent of Old-World cutaneous leishmaniasis (OWCL). Neoglycoproteins decorated with synthetic α-Gal-containing oligosaccharides derived from L. major glycoinositolphospholipids served as antigens in a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sera from OWCL patients and noninfected individuals. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis identified Galpα1,3Galfβ and Galpα1,3Galfβ1,3Manpα glycotopes as diagnostic biomarkers for L. major-caused OWCL, which can distinguish with 100% specificity from heterologous diseases and L. tropica-caused OWCL. These glycotopes could prove useful in the development of rapid α-Gal-based diagnostics and vaccines for OWCL. Furthermore, this method could help unravel cryptic α-Gal-glycotopes of other protozoan parasites and enterobacteria that elicit the natural human anti-α-Gal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba L. Montoya
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Victoria M. Austin
- Department
of Vector Biology, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United
Kingdom
| | - Susana Portillo
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Irodiel Vinales
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Roger A. Ashmus
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Igor Estevao
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Sohan R. Jankuru
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Yasser Alraey
- Department
of Vector Biology, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United
Kingdom
| | - Waleed S. Al-Salem
- Department
of Vector Biology, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United
Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Acosta-Serrano
- Department
of Vector Biology, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United
Kingdom
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Katja Michael
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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35
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Merminod S, Edison JR, Fang H, Hagan MF, Rogers WB. Avidity and surface mobility in multivalent ligand-receptor binding. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12602-12612. [PMID: 34259699 PMCID: PMC8386892 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02083h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery relies on two physical processes: the selective binding of a therapeutic particle to receptors on a specific cell membrane, followed by transport of the particle across the membrane. In this article, we address some of the challenges in controlling the thermodynamics and dynamics of these two processes by combining a simple experimental system with a statistical mechanical model. Specifically, we characterize and model multivalent ligand-receptor binding between colloidal particles and fluid lipid bilayers, as well as the surface mobility of membrane-bound particles. We show that the mobility of the receptors within the fluid membrane is key to both the thermodynamics and dynamics of binding. First, we find that the particle-membrane binding free energy-or avidity-is a strongly nonlinear function of the ligand-receptor affinity. We attribute the nonlinearity to a combination of multivalency and recruitment of fluid receptors to the binding site. Our results also suggest that partial wrapping of the bound particles by the membrane enhances avidity further. Second, we demonstrate that the lateral mobility of membrane-bound particles is also strongly influenced by the recruitment of receptors. Specifically, we find that the lateral diffusion coefficient of a membrane-bound particle is dominated by the hydrodynamic drag against the aggregate of receptors within the membrane. These results provide one of the first direct validations of the working theoretical framework for multivalent interactions. They also highlight that the fluidity and elasticity of the membrane are as important as the ligand-receptor affinity in determining the binding and transport of small particles attached to membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Merminod
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
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36
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Kim GH, Lee G, Kang MH, Kim M, Jin Y, Beck S, Cheon J, Sung J, Joo J. Luminescent silicon nanoparticles for distinctive tracking of cellular targeting and trafficking. Faraday Discuss 2021; 222:304-317. [PMID: 32100767 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing therapeutic nanoparticles that actively target disease cells or tissues by exploiting the binding specificity of receptors presented on the cell surface has extensively opened up biomedical applications for drug delivery and imaging. An ideal nanoparticle for biomedical applications is required to report confirmation of relevant targeting and the ultimate fate in a physiological environment for further verification, e.g. to adapt dosage or predict response. Herein, we demonstrate tracking of silicon nanoparticles through intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) during the course of cellular targeting and uptake. Time-resolved analysis of PL characteristics in cellular microenvironments provides dynamic information on the physiological conditions where the silicon nanoparticles are exposed. In particular, the PL lifetime of the silicon nanoparticles is in the order of microseconds, which is significantly longer than the nanosecond lifetimes exhibited by fluorescent molecules naturally presented in cells, thus allowing discrimination of the nanoparticles from the cellular background autofluorescence in time-gated imaging. The PL lifetime is a physically intensive property that reports the inherent characteristics of the nanoparticles regardless of surrounding noise. Furthermore, we investigate a unique means to inform the lifespan of the biodegradable silicon nanoparticles responsive to local microenvironment in the course of endocytosis. A multivalent strategy of nanoparticles for enhanced cell targeting is also demonstrated with complementary analysis of time-resolved PL emission imaging and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The result presents the promising potential of the photoluminescent silicon nanoparticles toward advanced cell targeting systems that simultaneously enable tracking of cellular trafficking and tissue microenvironment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Heon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Dalesandro BE, Pires MM. Induction of Endogenous Antibody Recruitment to the Surface of the Pathogen Enterococcus faecium. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1116-1125. [PMID: 33179504 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the foreseeable future, conventional small molecule antibiotics will continue to be the predominant treatment option due to wide patient coverage and low costs. Today, however, there is already a significant portion of patients that fail to respond to small molecule antibiotics and, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, this number is poised to increase in the coming years. Therefore, this rise in drug resistant bacteria must be countered with the development of nontraditional therapies. We propose a measure based on the re-engagement of the immune system toward pathogenic bacteria by grafting bacterial cell surfaces with immunogenic agents. Herein, we describe a class of cell wall analogues that selectively graft bacterial cell surfaces with epitopes that promote their opsonization. More specifically, synthetic analogues of peptidoglycan conjugated to haptens were designed to be incorporated by the cell wall biosynthetic machinery into live Enterococcus faecium. E. faecium is a formidable human pathogen that poses a considerable burden to healthcare and often results in fatalities. We showed that treatment of E. faecium and vancomycin-resistant strains with the cell wall analogues led to the display of haptens on the cell surface, which induced the recruitment of antibodies existing in the serum of humans. These results demonstrate the feasibility in using cell wall analogues as the basis of a class of bacterial immunotherapies against dangerous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E. Dalesandro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Marcos M. Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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38
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Kapcan E, Lake B, Yang Z, Zhang A, Miller MS, Rullo AF. Covalent Stabilization of Antibody Recruitment Enhances Immune Recognition of Cancer Targets. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1447-1458. [PMID: 33930269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibody recruiting molecules (ARMs) represent an important class of "proximity-inducing" chemical tools with therapeutic potential. ARMs function by simultaneously binding to a hapten-specific serum antibody (Ab) (e.g., anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP)) and a cancer cell surface protein, enforcing their proximity. ARM anticancer efficacy depends on the formation of ARM:Ab complexes on the cancer cell surface, which activate immune cell recognition and elimination of the cancer cell. Problematically, ARM function in human patients may be limited by conditions that drive the dissociation of ARM:Ab complexes, namely, intrinsically low binding affinity and/or low concentrations of anti-hapten antibodies in human serum. To address this potential limitation, we previously developed a covalent ARM (cARM) chemical tool that eliminates the ARM:antibody equilibrium through a covalent linkage. In the current study, we set out to determine to what extent maximizing the stability of ARM:antibody complexes via cARMs enhances target immune recognition. We observe cARMs significantly increase target immune recognition relative to ARMs across a range of therapeutically relevant antibody concentrations. These results demonstrate that ARM therapeutic function can be dramatically enhanced by increasing the kinetic stability of ARM:antibody complexes localized on cancer cells. Our findings suggest that a) high titres/concentrations of target antibody in human serum are not neccessary and b) saturative antibody recruitment to cancer cells not sufficient, to achieve maximal ARM therapeutic function.
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39
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Overeem NJ, van der Vries E, Huskens J. A Dynamic, Supramolecular View on the Multivalent Interaction between Influenza Virus and Host Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007214. [PMID: 33682339 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how influenza viruses traverse the mucus and recognize host cells is critical for evaluating their zoonotic potential, and for prevention and treatment of the disease. The surface of the influenza A virus is covered with the receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin and the receptor-cleaving enzyme neuraminidase, which jointly control the interactions between the virus and the host cell. These proteins are organized in closely spaced trimers and tetramers to facilitate multivalent interactions with sialic acid-terminated glycans. This review shows that the individually weak multivalent interactions of influenza viruses allow superselective binding, virus-induced recruitment of receptors, and the formation of dynamic complexes that facilitate molecular walking. Techniques to measure the avidity and receptor specificity of influenza viruses are reviewed, and the pivotal role of multivalent interactions with their emergent properties in crossing the mucus and entering host cells is discussed. A model is proposed for the initiation of cell entry through virus-induced receptor clustering. The multivalent interactions of influenza viruses are maintained in a dynamic regime by a functional balance between binding and cleaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Overeem
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- Royal GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, Deventer, 7418 EZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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40
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Sasaki K, Muguruma K, Osawa R, Fukuda A, Taniguchi A, Kishimura A, Hayashi Y, Mori T, Katayama Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a monocyclic Fc-binding antibody-recruiting molecule for cancer immunotherapy. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:406-409. [PMID: 34046623 PMCID: PMC8130626 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-recruiting molecules (ARMs) are bispecific molecules composed of an antibody-binding motif and a target-binding motif that redirect endogenous antibodies to target cells to elicit immune responses. To enhance the translational potential of ARMs, it is crucial to design antibody/target-binding motifs that have strong affinity and are easy to synthesize. Here, we synthesized a novel Fc-binding ARM (Fc-ARM) that targets folate receptor (FR)-positive cancer cells, Reo-3, using a recently developed monocyclic peptide 15-Lys8Leu, which binds strongly to the Fc region of an antibody. Reo-3 bound to the Fc region of the antibody with a K d of 5.8 nM, and recruited a clinically used antibody mixture to attack FR-positive IGROV-1 cells as efficiently as Fc-ARM2, in which a bicyclic Fc-binding peptide was used. These results indicate that 15-Lys8Leu, which can be synthesized readily, is suitable for various applications including the development of Fc-ARMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kyohei Muguruma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Rento Osawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Akane Fukuda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Taniguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan Taiwan
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41
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Hong H, Li C, Gong L, Wang J, Li D, Shi J, Zhou Z, Huang Z, Wu Z. Universal endogenous antibody recruiting nanobodies capable of triggering immune effectors for targeted cancer immunotherapy. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4623-4630. [PMID: 34163726 PMCID: PMC8179521 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cancer immunotherapy is expensive and complicated. Nanobodies are small antibodies possessing favorable pharmacological properties compared with mAbs, but have limited anticancer efficacy due to the lack of an Fc region and poor pharmacokinetics. In this context, engineered universal endogenous antibody-recruiting nanobodies (UEAR Nbs), as a general and cost-effective approach, were developed to generate functional antibody-like nanobodies that could recapitulate the Fc biological functions for cancer immunotherapy. The UEAR Nbs, composed of the IgG binding domain and nanobody, were recombinantly expressed in E. coli and could recruit endogenous IgGs onto the cancer cell surface and trigger potent immune responses to kill cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, it was proved that UEAR Nbs displayed significantly improved half-lives in vivo. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of UEAR Nbs was demonstrated in a murine model using EGFR positive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Liang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University Wuxi 214062 China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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42
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A quantitative view on multivalent nanomedicine targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 169:1-21. [PMID: 33264593 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the concept of selective delivery has been postulated over 100 years ago, no targeted nanomedicine has been clinically approved so far. Nanoparticles modified with targeting ligands to promote the selective delivery of therapeutics towards a specific cell population have been extensively reported. However, the rational design of selective particles is still challenging. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of quantitative theoretical and experimental understanding of the interactions involved in cell targeting. In this review, we discuss new theoretical models and experimental methods that provide a quantitative view of targeting. We show the new advancements in multivalency theory enabling the rational design of super-selective nanoparticles. Furthermore, we present the innovative approaches to obtain key targeting parameters at the single-cell and single molecule level and their role in the design of targeting nanoparticles. We believe that the combination of new theoretical multivalent design and experimental methods to quantify receptors and ligands aids in the rational design and clinical translation of targeted nanomedicines.
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Christy ATR, Kusumaatmaja H, Miller MA. Control of Superselectivity by Crowding in Three-Dimensional Hosts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:028002. [PMID: 33512214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.028002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the fine compositional control observed in membraneless droplet organelles in cells, we investigate how a sharp binding-unbinding transition can occur between multivalent client molecules and receptors embedded in a porous three-dimensional structure. In contrast to similar superselective binding previously observed at surfaces, we have identified that a key effect in a three-dimensional environment is that the presence of inert crowding agents can significantly enhance or even introduce superselectivity. In essence, molecular crowding initially suppresses binding via an entropic penalty, but the clients can then more easily form many bonds simultaneously. We demonstrate the robustness of the superselective behavior with respect to client valency, linker length, and binding interactions in Monte Carlo simulations of an archetypal lattice polymer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T R Christy
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Halim Kusumaatmaja
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Álamo P, Pallarès V, Céspedes MV, Falgàs A, Sanchez JM, Serna N, Sánchez-García L, Voltà-Duràn E, Morris GA, Sánchez-Chardi A, Casanova I, Mangues R, Vazquez E, Villaverde A, Unzueta U. Fluorescent Dye Labeling Changes the Biodistribution of Tumor-Targeted Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111004. [PMID: 33105866 PMCID: PMC7690626 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent dye labeling is a common strategy to analyze the fate of administered nanoparticles in living organisms. However, to which extent the labeling processes can alter the original nanoparticle biodistribution has been so far neglected. In this work, two widely used fluorescent dye molecules, namely, ATTO488 (ATTO) and Sulfo-Cy5 (S-Cy5), have been covalently attached to a well-characterized CXCR4-targeted self-assembling protein nanoparticle (known as T22-GFP-H6). The biodistribution of labeled T22-GFP-H6-ATTO and T22-GFP-H6-S-Cy5 nanoparticles has been then compared to that of the non-labeled nanoparticle in different CXCR4+ tumor mouse models. We observed that while parental T22-GFP-H6 nanoparticles accumulated mostly and specifically in CXCR4+ tumor cells, labeled T22-GFP-H6-ATTO and T22-GFP-H6-S-Cy5 nanoparticles showed a dramatic change in the biodistribution pattern, accumulating in non-target organs such as liver or kidney while reducing tumor targeting capacity. Therefore, the use of such labeling molecules should be avoided in target and non-target tissue uptake studies during the design and development of targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems, since their effect over the fate of the nanomaterial can lead to considerable miss-interpretations of the actual nanoparticle biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Álamo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Pallarès
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
| | - Aïda Falgàs
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julieta M. Sanchez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICTA & Cátedra de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), FCEFyN, UNC. Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, X 5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Naroa Serna
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eric Voltà-Duràn
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gordon A. Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Science, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
| | - Esther Vazquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
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Liu M, Apriceno A, Sipin M, Scarpa E, Rodriguez-Arco L, Poma A, Marchello G, Battaglia G, Angioletti-Uberti S. Combinatorial entropy behaviour leads to range selective binding in ligand-receptor interactions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4836. [PMID: 32973157 PMCID: PMC7515919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
From viruses to nanoparticles, constructs functionalized with multiple ligands display peculiar binding properties that only arise from multivalent effects. Using statistical mechanical modelling, we describe here how multivalency can be exploited to achieve what we dub range selectivity, that is, binding only to targets bearing a number of receptors within a specified range. We use our model to characterise the region in parameter space where one can expect range selective targeting to occur, and provide experimental support for this phenomenon. Overall, range selectivity represents a potential path to increase the targeting selectivity of multivalent constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Azzurra Apriceno
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel Sipin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edoardo Scarpa
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Rodriguez-Arco
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriele Marchello
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
- The UCL EPSRC/JEOL Centre for Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK.
- The UCL EPSRC/JEOL Centre for Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy, London, UK.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stefano Angioletti-Uberti
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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46
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Balhorn R, Balhorn MC. Therapeutic applications of the selective high affinity ligand drug SH7139 extend beyond non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to many other types of solid cancers. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3315-3349. [PMID: 32934776 PMCID: PMC7476732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SH7139, the first of a series of selective high affinity ligand (SHAL) oncology drug candidates designed to target and bind to the HLA-DR proteins overexpressed by B-cell lymphomas, has demonstrated exceptional efficacy in the treatment of Burkitt lymphoma xenografts in mice and a safety profile that may prove to be unprecedented for an oncology drug. The aim of this study was to determine how frequently the HLA-DRs targeted by SH7139 are expressed by different subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and by other solid cancers that have been reported to express HLA-DR. Binding studies conducted with SH7129, a biotinylated analog of SH7139, reveal that more than half of the biopsy sections obtained from patients with different types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma express the HLA-DRs targeted by SH7139. Similar analyses of tumor biopsy tissue obtained from patients diagnosed with eighteen other solid cancers show the majority of these tumors also express the HLA-DRs targeted by SH7139. Cervical, ovarian, colorectal and prostate cancers expressed the most HLA-DR. Only a few esophageal and head and neck tumors bound the diagnostic. Within an individual’s tumor, cell to cell differences in HLA-DR target expression varied by only 2 to 3-fold while the expression levels in tumors obtained from different patients varied as much as 10 to 100-fold. The high frequency with which SH7129 was observed to bind to these cancers suggests that many patients diagnosed with B-cell lymphomas, myelomas, and other non-hematological cancers should be considered potential candidates for new therapies such as SH7139 that target HLA-DR-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod Balhorn
- SHAL Technologies Inc., Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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47
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Abstract
The selectivity of binding of colloidal particles is an important research topic for the field of targeted drug delivery. Extensive theoretical work has shown that high selectivity can be obtained by using multivalent weak interactions. Here we provide comprehensive experimental proof using DNA-coated particles. The ligand–receptor affinity is varied by changing the number of complementary bases, showing that fewer complementary bases yield a higher binding selectivity. The experimental data and corresponding numerical model simulations demonstrate the scaling behavior between molecular density, molecular affinity, and resulting density selectivity of interparticle binding. These results are important for the design of novel systems for targeted nanoparticle drug delivery. Targeted drug delivery critically depends on the binding selectivity of cargo-transporting colloidal particles. Extensive theoretical work has shown that two factors are necessary to achieve high selectivity for a threshold receptor density: multivalency and weak interactions. Here, we study a model system of DNA-coated particles with multivalent and weak interactions that mimics ligand–receptor interactions between particles and cells. Using an optomagnetic cluster experiment, particle aggregation rates are measured as a function of ligand and receptor densities. The measured aggregation rates show that the binding becomes more selective for shorter DNA ligand–receptor pairs, proving that multivalent weak interactions lead to enhanced selectivity in interparticle binding. Simulations confirm the experimental findings and show the role of ligand–receptor dissociation in the selectivity of the weak multivalent binding.
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48
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Majewski MW, Gandhi DM, Holyst T, Wang Z, Hernandez I, Rosas R, Zhu J, Weiler H, Dockendorff C. Synthesis and initial pharmacology of dual-targeting ligands for putative complexes of integrin αVβ3 and PAR2. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:940-949. [PMID: 33479689 PMCID: PMC7496306 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unpublished data from our labs led us to hypothesize that activated protein C (aPC) may initiate an anti-inflammatory signal in endothelial cells by modulating both the integrin αVβ3 and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), which may exist in close proximity on the cellular surface. To test this hypothesis and to probe the possible inflammation-related pathway, we designed and synthesized dual-targeting ligands composed of modified versions of two αVβ3 ligands and two agonists of PAR2. These novel ligands were connected via copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloadditions with polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacers of variable length. Initial in vitro pharmacology with EA.hy926 and HUVEC endothelial cells indicated that these ligands are effective binders of αVβ3 and potent agonists of PAR2. These were also used in preliminary studies investigating their effects on PAR2 signaling in the presence of inflammatory agents, and represent the first examples of ligands targeting both PARs and integrins, though concurrent binding to αVβ3 and PAR2 has not yet been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Majewski
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881 , Milwaukee , WI 53201-1881 , USA . ; Tel: +1 414 288 1617
| | - Disha M Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881 , Milwaukee , WI 53201-1881 , USA . ; Tel: +1 414 288 1617
| | - Trudy Holyst
- Blood Research Institute , Versiti , Milwaukee , WI 53226 , USA
| | - Zhengli Wang
- Blood Research Institute , Versiti , Milwaukee , WI 53226 , USA
| | - Irene Hernandez
- Blood Research Institute , Versiti , Milwaukee , WI 53226 , USA
| | - Ricardo Rosas
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881 , Milwaukee , WI 53201-1881 , USA . ; Tel: +1 414 288 1617
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Blood Research Institute , Versiti , Milwaukee , WI 53226 , USA
- Department of Biochemistry , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI 53226 , USA
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- Blood Research Institute , Versiti , Milwaukee , WI 53226 , USA
- Department of Physiology , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI 53226 , USA
| | - Chris Dockendorff
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881 , Milwaukee , WI 53201-1881 , USA . ; Tel: +1 414 288 1617
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Kafil V, Saei AA, Tohidkia MR, Barar J, Omidi Y. Immunotargeting and therapy of cancer by advanced multivalence antibody scaffolds. J Drug Target 2020; 28:1018-1033. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1772796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vala Kafil
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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50
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Gerry CJ, Schreiber SL. Recent achievements and current trajectories of diversity-oriented synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 56:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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