1
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Cui L, Gong Y, Zhao S, Wu Y, Wang A, Chen Z. Homogenous Oxidizing Oligomerization Coupled with Coagulation for Water Purification. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121684. [PMID: 38723348 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Natural manganese oxides could induce the intermolecular coupling reactions among small-molecule organics in aqueous environments, which is one of the fundamental processes contributing to natural humification. These processes could be simulated to design novel advanced oxidation technology for water purification. In this study, periodate (PI) was selected as the supplementary electron-acceptor for colloidal manganese oxides (Mn(IV)aq) to remove phenolic contaminants from water. By introducing polyferric sulfate (PFS) into the Mn(IV)aq/PI system and exploiting the flocculation potential of Mn(IV)aq, a post-coagulation process was triggered to eliminate soluble manganese after oxidation. Under acidic conditions, periodate exists in the H4IO6- form as an octahedral oxyacid capable of coordinating with Mn(IV)aq to form bidentate complexes or oligomers (Mn(IV)-PI*) as reactive oxidants. The Mn(IV)-PI* complex could induce cross-coupling process between phenolic contaminants, resulting in the formation of oligomerized products ranging from dimers to hexamers. These oligomerized products participate in the coagulation process and become stored within the nascent floc due to their catenulate nature and strong hydrophobicity. Through coordination between Mn(IV)aq and H4IO6-, residual periodate is firmly connected with manganese oxides in the floc after coagulation and could be simultaneously separated from the aqueous phase. This study achieves oxidizing oligomerization through a homogeneous process under mild conditions without additional energy input or heterogeneous catalyst preparation. Compared to traditional mineralization-driven oxidation techniques, the proposed novel cascade processes realize transformation, convergence, and separation of phenolic contaminants with high oxidant utilization efficiency for low-carbon purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yingxu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Shengxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yining Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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2
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Zhang P, Sun M, Liang J, Xiong Z, Liu Y, Peng J, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Zhou P, Lai B. pH-modulated oxidation of organic pollutants for water decontamination: A deep insight into reactivity and oxidation pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134393. [PMID: 38669929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Solution pH is one of the primary factors affecting the efficiency of water decontamination. Although the influence of pH on oxidants activation, catalyst activity, and reactive oxygen species have been widely explored, there is still a scarcity of systemic studies on the changes in the oxidation behavior of organic pollutants at different pH levels. Herein, we report the influence laws of pH on the forms, reactivities, active sites, degradation pathways, and products toxicities of organic pollutants. Changes in pH cause the protonation or deprotonation of organic pollutants and further affect their forms and chemistry (e.g., electrostatic force, hydrophobicity, and oxidation potential). The oxidation potential of organic pollutants follows the order: protonated form > pristine form > deprotonated form. Moreover, protonation or deprotonation can modify the active sites and degradation pathways of organic pollutants, wherein deprotonation renders them more susceptible to electrophilic attack, while protonation reduces their activity against electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks. Additionally, pH adjustments can modify the degradation pathway and the toxicity of transformation products. Overall, pH changes can affect the oxidation fate of organic pollutants by altering their structure, which distinguishes it from the effect of pH on oxidants or oxidant activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Minglu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Juan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaokun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiali Peng
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Bo Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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3
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Dickenson JC, Grills DC, Polyansky DE, Meyer GJ. Reductive Dynamic and Static Excited State Quenching of a Homoleptic Ruthenium Complex Bearing Aldehyde Groups. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4242-4251. [PMID: 38760329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A new homoleptic Ru polypyridyl complex bearing two aldehyde groups on each bipyridine ligand, [Ru(dab)3](PF6)2, where dab is 4,4'-dicarbaldehyde-2,2'-bipyridine, was synthesized, characterized, and utilized for iodide photo-oxidation studies. In acetonitrile (CH3CN) solution, the complex displayed an intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorbance maximum at 475 nm (ε = 22,000 M-1 cm-1) and an infrared (IR) band at 1712 cm-1 assigned to the pendent aldehyde groups. Visible light excitation in air-saturated solution resulted in room temperature photoluminescence (PL) with a maximum at 675 nm, a quantum yield, ϕPL = 0.048, and an excited state lifetime, το = 440 ns, from which radiative and nonradiative relaxation rate constants were extracted, kr = 9.1 × 104 s-1 and knr = 1.8 × 106 s-1. Pulsed visible light excitation yielded transient UV-vis and IR absorption spectra consistent with an MLCT excited state; relaxation occurred with the maintenance of two isosbestic points in the visible region, and a lifetime that agreed with that measured by time-resolved PL. Cyclic voltammetry studies in a CH3CN solution with 0.1 M TBAPF6 electrolyte revealed a quasi-reversible oxidation, E°(RuIII/II) = +1.25 V vs. Fc+/0, and three sequential one-electron reductions at -1.10, -1.25, and -1.54 V vs. Fc+/0. An excited state reduction potential of E°(Ru*2+/+) = +0.89 V vs. Fc+/0 was estimated with the Rehm-Weller expression. Titration of tetrabutylammonium iodide, TBAI, into a CD3CN solution of [Ru(dab)3](PF6)2 resulted in significant shifts in the aldehyde H atom and 3,3'-biypridyl resonances that were analyzed with a 1:1 equilibrium model, from which Keq = 460 M-1 was extracted, increasing to 5800 M-1 when the solvent was changed to acetone-d6. Iodide titrations resulted in a significant quenching of the [Ru(dab)3]*2+ lifetime and quantum yield in both CH3CN and acetone solvents. In CH3CN, the quenching was mainly dynamic and well described by the Stern-Volmer model, from which a quenching rate constant, kq, of 4.5 × 1010 M-1 s-1 and an equilibrium constant, Keq, of 8.3 × 103 M-1 were obtained. In acetone, the static quenching pathway by iodide was greatly enhanced, with a Keq of 1.2 × 104 M-1 and a higher kq of 9.2 × 1010 M-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Dmitry E Polyansky
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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4
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Guo W, Zhang Y, Du X, Song Y, Wang W, Liu Z, Duan Y, Zhang T. Enantioselective α-Trifluoromethylthiolation of Carbonyl Compounds with AgSCF 3 and Trichloroisocyanuric Acid. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38806442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
We successfully developed an enantioselective trifluoromethylthiolation of structurally diverse carbonyl compounds. Trichloroisocyanuric acid and AgSCF3 were employed to generate active electrophilic trifluoromethylthio species in situ for asymmetric C-SCF3 bond formation. A broad variety of chiral SCF3-carbon nucleophiles (pyrazolones, β-keto esters, and β-keto amides) were obtained in excellent yields with high enantioselectivities (up to 92% ee) by Cinchona alkaloid derived squaramide catalysts. The reaction exhibits high efficiency, good enantioselectivity, and high functional group tolerance, which provided a novel and efficient way for asymmetric synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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5
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Jagannathan JR, Ma Y, Curole BJ, Grayson SM, Fenton OS, Leibfarth FA. Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Chain-Growth Allylic Amination Polymerization of Vinyl Aziridines. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38801413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Organometallic-mediated chain growth polymerization of readily accessible chemical building blocks is responsible for important commercial and technological advances in polymer science, but the incorporation of heteroatoms into the polymer backbone through these mechanisms remains a challenge. Transition metal π-allyl complexes are well-developed organometallic intermediates for carbon-heteroatom bond formation in small-molecule catalysis yet remain underexplored in polymer science. Here, we developed a regioselective palladium-phosphoramidite-catalyzed chain-growth allylic amination polymerization of vinyl aziridines for the synthesis of novel nitrogen-rich polymers via ambiphilic π-allyl complexes. The polymerization accessed a linear microstructure with four carbons between each nitrogen, which is challenging to achieve through other chain-growth polymerization approaches. The highly regioselective allylic amination polymerization demonstrated the characteristics of a controlled polymerization and was able to achieve molar masses exceeding 20 kg mol-1 with low dispersities (D̵ < 1.3). The identification of the polymer structure and well-defined chain ends were supported by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and chain extension experiments demonstrate opportunities for building more complex materials from this method. A Hammett study was performed to understand the role of the catalyst and monomer structure on regioselectivity, and the data supported a mechanism wherein regioselectivity was primarily controlled by the ligand-metal complex. Postpolymerization desulfonylation provided access to a novel polyamine that demonstrated broad anticancer activity in vitro, which highlights the benefits of unlocking novel polyamine microstructures through regioselective chain-growth allylic amination polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Jagannathan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yutian Ma
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brennan J Curole
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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6
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Alkhaibari I, Zhang X, Zhao J, Stonelake TM, Knighton RC, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Buurma NJ, Richards E, Pope SJA. Tuning Excited State Character in Iridium(III) Photosensitizers and Its Influence on TTA-UC. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9931-9940. [PMID: 38738860 PMCID: PMC11134496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A series of mixed ligand, photoluminescent organometallic Ir(III) complexes have been synthesized to incorporate substituted 2-phenyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole cyclometalating ligands. The structures of three example complexes were categorically confirmed using X-ray crystallography each sharing very similar structural traits including evidence of interligand hydrogen bond contacts that account for the shielding effects observed in the 1H NMR spectra. The structural iterations of the cyclometalated ligand provide tuning of the principal electronic transitions that determine the visible absorption and emission properties of the complexes: emission can be tuned in the visible region between 550 and 610 nm and with triplet lifetimes up to 10 μs. The nature of the emitting state varies across the series of complexes, with different admixtures of ligand-centered and metal-to-ligand charge transfer triplet levels evident. Finally, the use of the complexes as photosensitizers in triplet-triplet annihilation energy upconversion (TTA-UC) was investigated in the solution state. The study showed that the complexes possessing the longest triplet lifetimes showed good viability as photosensitizers in TTA-UC. Therefore, the use of an electron-withdrawing group on the 2-phenyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole ligand framework can be used to rationally promote TTA-UC using this class of complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim
S. Alkhaibari
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim
University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xue Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart
Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart
Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Thomas M. Stonelake
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Richard C. Knighton
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Peter N. Horton
- UK
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and
Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and
Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Niklaas J. Buurma
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Emma Richards
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Simon J. A. Pope
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
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7
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Zhang S, Cen M, Li C, Liu L, Huang T, Chen T. Pd-Catalyzed Decarbonylative sp2 C-H Arylation: Construction of Five- and Six-Membered (Hetero)Cyclic Compounds. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38787625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The cyclic compounds have wide applications in the design and synthesis of drugs and materials; thus, their efficient construction attracts much attention from the synthetic community. In this letter, we report an efficient method for preparing cyclic compounds starting from the readily available carboxylic acids. This reaction takes place through intramolecular decarbonylative sp2 C-H arylation, enabling efficient synthesis of a wide range of five- and six-membered cyclic compounds. Both carbo- and heterocycles can be produced under the reaction conditions. Moreover, this reaction features a wide substrate scope with high functional group tolerance. The scale-up experiments also show its practicality in organic synthesis. Those experimental results indicate that this reaction would find wide applications in the synthetic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mengjie Cen
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Long Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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8
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Tong M, Jiang X, Gu X. Triple-Responsive, Multimodal, Visual Electronic Skin toward All-in-One Health Management for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2634-2644. [PMID: 38669562 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy, leading to serious complications for pregnant women and a threat to life safety of infants. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish a multipurpose monitoring pathway to important physiological indicators of pregnant women. In this work, three kinds of double network hydrogels are prepared with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), borax, and cellulose ethers with varying substituents of methyl (methyl cellulose, MC), hydroxypropyl (hydroxypropyl cellulose, HPC), or both (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, HPMC), respectively. The corresponding toughness (143.9, 102.3, and 135.9 kJ cm-3) and conductivity (0.69, 0.45, and 0.51 S m-1) of the hydrogels demonstrate that PB-MC was endowed with the prominent performance. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed the essence that hydrogen bond interactions between PVA and cellulose ethers play a critical role in regulating the structure and properties of hydrogels. Thermochromic capsule powders (TCPs) were subsequently doped in to achieve a composite hydrogel (TCPs@PB-MC) to indicate the change in human body temperature. Furthermore, the process of the TCPs@PB-MC response to glucose, pH, and temperature was tracked in-depth through the electrochemical window. This work provides a novel strategy for all-in-one health management of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinan University, Jinan 250024, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Xueting Yang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Mingqiong Tong
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Xubao Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinan University, Jinan 250024, China
| | - Xiangling Gu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
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9
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Nicolai J, Fantoni T, Butcher TW, Arlow S, Ryabukhin SV, Volochnyuk DM, Hartwig JF. Copper-Mediated Cyanodifluoromethylation of (Hetero)aryl Iodides and Activated (Hetero)aryl Bromides with TMSCF 2CN. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38780539 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Molecules bearing fluorine are increasingly prevalent in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. The cyanodifluoromethyl group is unique because its size is closer than that of any other substituted difluoromethyl group to the size of the trifluoromethyl group, but its electronic properties are distinct from those of the trifluoromethyl group. In addition, the presence of the cyano group provides synthetic entry to a wide range of substituted difluoromethyl groups. However, the synthesis of cyanodifluoromethyl compounds requires multiple steps, highly reactive reagents (such as DAST, NSFI, or IF5), or specialized starting materials (such as α,α-dichloroacetonitriles or α-mercaptoacetonitriles). Herein, we report a copper-mediated cyanodifluoromethylation of aryl and heteroaryl iodides and activated aryl and heteroaryl bromides with TMSCF2CN. This cyanodifluoromethylation tolerates an array of functional groups, is applicable to late-stage functionalization of complex molecules, yields analogues of FDA-approved pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, and enables the synthesis of a range of complex molecules bearing a difluoromethylene unit by transformations of the electron-poor CN unit. Calculations of selected steps of the reaction mechanism by Density Functional Theory indicate that the barriers for both the oxidative addition of iodobenzene to [(DMF)CuCF2CN] and the reductive elimination of the fluoroalkyl product from the fluoroalkyl copper intermediate lie in between those of [(DMF)CuCF3] and [(DMF)CuCF2C(O)NMe2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nicolai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tommaso Fantoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Trevor W Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sophie Arlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Serhiy V Ryabukhin
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 02000, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M Volochnyuk
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 02000, Ukraine
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Luchini G, Paton RS. Bottom-Up Atomistic Descriptions of Top-Down Macroscopic Measurements: Computational Benchmarks for Hammett Electronic Parameters. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:259-267. [PMID: 38800724 PMCID: PMC11117679 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability to relate substituent electronic effects to chemical reactivity is a cornerstone of physical organic chemistry and Linear Free Energy Relationships. The computation of electronic parameters is increasingly attractive since they can be obtained rapidly for structures and substituents without available experimental data and can be applied beyond aromatic substituents, for example, in studies of transition metal complexes and aliphatic and radical systems. Nevertheless, the description of "top-down" macroscopic observables, such as Hammett parameters using a "bottom-up" computational approach, poses several challenges for the practitioner. We have examined and benchmarked the performance of various computational charge schemes encompassing quantum mechanical methods that partition charge density, methods that fit charge to physical observables, and methods enhanced by semiempirical adjustments alongside NMR values. We study the locations of the atoms used to obtain these descriptors and their correlation with empirical Hammett parameters and rate differences resulting from electronic effects. These seemingly small choices have a much more significant impact than previously imagined, which outweighs the level of theory or basis set used. We observe a wide range of performance across the different computational protocols and observe stark and surprising differences in the ability of computational parameters to capture para- vs meta-electronic effects. In general, σm predictions fare much worse than σp. As a result, the choice of where to compute these descriptors-for the ring carbons or the attached H or other substituent atoms-affects their ability to capture experimental electronic differences. Density-based schemes, such as Hirshfeld charges, are more stable toward unphysical charge perturbations that result from nearby functional groups and outperform all other computational descriptors, including several commonly used basis set based schemes such as Natural Population Analysis. Using attached atoms also improves the statistical correlations. We obtained general linear relationships for the global prediction of experimental Hammett parameters from computed descriptors for use in statistical modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilian Luchini
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Ave., Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Ave., Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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11
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Thiruvengetam P, Sunani P, Kumar Chand D. A Metallomicellar Catalyst for Controlled Oxidation of Alcohols and Lignin Mimics in Water using Open Air as Oxidant. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301754. [PMID: 38224525 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol groups and β-O-4 (C-C) linkages are widespread in biomass feedstock that are abundant renewable resource for value-added chemicals. The development of sustainable protocols for direct oxidation or oxidative cleavage of feedstock materials in a controlled fashion, using open air as an oxidant is an intellectually stimulating task to produce industrially important value-added carbonyls. Further, the oxidative depolymerization of lignin into fine chemicals has evoked interest in recent times. Herein, we report the first example of a catalyst system that could activate molecular oxygen from atmospheric air for controlled oxidation and oxidative cleavage/depolymerization of feedstock materials such as alcohols, β-O-4 (C-C) linkages and real lignin in water under open air conditions. The selectivity of carbonyl products is controlled by altering the pH between ~7.0 and ~12.0. The current strategy highlights the non-involvement of any external co-catalyst, oxidant, radical additives, and/or destructive organic solvents. The catalyst shows a wide substrate scope and eminent functional group tolerance. The upscaled multigram synthesis using an inexpensive catalyst and easily available oxidant evidences the practical utility of the developed protocol. A plausible mechanism has been proposed with the help of a few controlled experiments, and kinetic and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabaharan Thiruvengetam
- IoE Centre of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Pragyansmruti Sunani
- IoE Centre of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- IoE Centre of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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12
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Eisenberg JB, Lee K, Yuan X, Schmidt JR, Choi KS. The Impact of Electron Donating and Withdrawing Groups on Electrochemical Hydrogenolysis and Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38771660 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogenolysis or hydrodeoxygenation of a carbonyl group, where the C═O group is converted to a CH2 group, is of significant interest in a variety of fields. A challenge in electrochemically achieving hydrogenolysis of a carbonyl group with high selectivity is that electrochemical hydrogenation of a carbonyl group, which converts the C═O group to an alcohol group (CH-OH), is demonstrated not to be the initial step of hydrogenolysis. Instead, hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis occur in parallel, and they are competing reactions. This means that although both hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation require adding H atoms to the carbonyl group, they involve different intermediates formed on the electrode surface. Thus, revealing the difference in intermediates, transition states, and kinetic barriers for hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation pathways is the key to understanding and controlling hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of carbonyl compounds. In this study, we aimed to identify features of reactant molecules that can affect their hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity on a Zn electrode that was previously shown to promote hydrogenolysis over hydrogenation. In particular, we examined the electrochemical reduction of para-substituted benzaldehyde compounds with substituent groups having different electron donating/withdrawing abilities. Our results show a strikingly systematic impact of the substituent group where a stronger electron-donating group promotes hydrogenolysis and a stronger electron-withdrawing group promotes hydrogenation. These experimental results are presented with computational results explaining the substituent effects on the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation pathways, which also provide critically needed information and insights into the transition states involved with these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah B Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kwanpyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - J R Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kyoung-Shin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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13
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Škoch K, Antala J, Císařová I, Štěpnička P. Synthesis and catalytic properties of palladium(II) complexes with P,π-chelating ferrocene phosphinoallyl ligands and their non-tethered analogues. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8722-8731. [PMID: 38712379 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00961d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid phosphines usually combine a phosphine moiety with another heteroatom secondary donor group in their structures while compounds equipped with hydrocarbyl π-donor moieties remain uncommon. This contribution reports the synthesis and structural characterization of the first P/π-allyl-chelating complexes that were obtained using the structurally flexible and redox-active ferrocene unit as the scaffold, viz. [PdCl(R2PfcCHCHCH2-η3:κP)] (1R; R = Ph and cyclohexyl (Cy); fc = ferrocene-1,1'-diyl). These compounds were synthesized from the respective phosphinoferrocene carboxaldehydes R2PfcCHO via reaction with vinylmagnesium bromide to generate 1-(phosphinoferrocenyl)allyl alcohols, which were subsequently acetylated. The resulting allyl acetates reacted smoothly with [Pd2(dba)3]/[Et3NH]Cl (dba = dibenzylideneacetone) to produce the target compounds. Complexes 1R and their nontethered analogues [PdCl(η3-C3H5)(FcPR2-κP)] (5R; Fc = ferrocenyl) were evaluated as pre-catalysts for the Pd-catalysed allylic amination of cinnamyl acetate with aliphatic amines and Suzuki-Miyaura-type cross-coupling of 4-tolylboronic acid with benzoyl chloride. In these reactions, better results were achieved with compounds 5R (particularly with 5Ph), presumably because they form more stable LPd(0)-type catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Škoch
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Antala
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Štěpnička
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
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14
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Yang C, Farmer LA, McFee EC, Jha RK, Maldonado S, Pratt DA, Stephenson CRJ. Attenuating N-Oxyl Decomposition for Improved Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315917. [PMID: 38437456 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The design of N-oxyl hydrogen atom transfer catalysts has proven challenging to date. Previous efforts have focused on the functionalization of the archetype, phthalimide-N-oxyl. Driven in part by the limited options for modification of this structure, this strategy has provided only modest improvements in reactivity and/or solubility. Our previous mechanistic efforts suggested that while the electron-withdrawing carbonyls of the phthalimide are necessary to maximize the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy of the HAT product hydroxylamine and overall reaction thermodynamics, they undergo nucleophilic substitution leading to catalyst decomposition. In an attempt to minimize this vulnerability, we report the characterization of N-oxyl catalysts wherein the aryl ring in PINO is replaced with the combination of a substituted heteroatom and quaternary carbon. By rendering one carbonyl carbon less electrophilic and the other less sterically accessible, the corresponding N1-aryl-hydantoin-N3-oxyl radical showed significantly higher stability than PINO as well as a modest improvement in reactivity. This proof-of-principle in new scaffold design may accelerate future HAT catalyst discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Luke A Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elvis C McFee
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Rahul Kant Jha
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Stephen Maldonado
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
- Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
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15
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Okuda Y, Sato T, Takebe S, Mori M, Fujimoto M, Masuda K, Sabato T, Wakamatsu K, Akashi H, Orita A. Chemodivergent Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Diarylamines and Carbazoles by Thermal/Photochemical Process-Controlled Dephosphinylative Functionalizations of Amino(phosphinyl)arenes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38770947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A chemodivergent synthesis of polycyclic aromatic diarylamines and carbazoles was established by employing thermally or photochemically controlled processes using KOtBu/1,10-phenanthroline. The synthetic processes involved the dephosphinylation of 9-amino-10-(phosphinyl)phenanthrenes, which were obtained through a regioselective palladium-catalyzed direct [4 + 2] benzannulation of phosphinyl ynamines with 2-iodobiphenyls. When the dephosphinylation was conducted under heating conditions (∼100 °C), it proceeded to yield 9-aminophenanthrene. However, when the reaction was performed under the illumination of purple light (LEDs, λmax = ca. 390 nm), KOtBu/1,10-phenanthroline promoted single-electron-transfer-triggered dephosphinylation followed by cyclization, producing the corresponding π-expanded carbazoles. We successfully synthesized a highly π-expanded dicarbazole through a dual dephosphinylative cyclization. Additionally, we present the optical properties of a series of amino compounds produced through the dephosphinylative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Okuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Takuma Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Sou Takebe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Matsuri Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Mayo Fujimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Kazunori Masuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Taisei Sabato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Haruo Akashi
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Akihiro Orita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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16
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Miles-Hobbs AM, Pringle PG, Woollins JD, Good D. Monofluorophos-Metal Complexes: Ripe for Future Discoveries in Homogeneous Catalysis. Molecules 2024; 29:2368. [PMID: 38792229 PMCID: PMC11123747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery that cyclic (ArO)2PF can support Rh-catalysts for hydroformylation with significant advantages in tuning regioselectivity transformed the study of metal complexes of monofluorophos ligands from one of primarily academic interest to one with potentially important applications in catalysis. In this review, the syntheses of monofluorophosphites, (RO)2PF, and monofluorophosphines, R2PF, are discussed and the factors that control the kinetic stability of these ligands to hydrolysis and disproportionation are set out. A survey of the coordination chemistry of these two classes of monofluorophos ligands with d-block metals is presented, emphasising the bonding of the fluorophos to d-block metals, predominantly in low oxidation states. The application of monofluorophos ligands in homogeneous catalysis (especially hydroformylation and hydrocyanation) is discussed, and it is argued that there is great potential for monofluorophos complexes in future catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul G. Pringle
- The School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- Department of Chemistry Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Daniel Good
- The School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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17
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Williamson KI, Herr DJC, Mo Y. Mapping the correlations between bandgap, HOMO, and LUMO trends for meta substituted Zn-MOFs. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 38757907 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Bandgap is a key property that determines electrical and optical properties in materials. Modulating the bandgap thus is critical in developing novel materials particularly semiconductors with improved features. This study examines the bandgap, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level trends in a metal organic framework, metal-organic framework 5 (MOF-5), as a function of Hammett substituent effect (with the constant σm in the meta-position of the benzene ring) and solvent dielectric effect (with the constant ε). Specifically, experimental design and response surface methodologies helped to assess the significance of trends and correlations between these molecular properties with σm and ε. While the HOMO and LUMO decrease with increasing σm, the LUMO exhibits greater sensitivity to the substituent's electron withdrawing capability. The relative difference in these trends helps to explain why the bandgap tends to decrease with increasing σm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle I Williamson
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel J C Herr
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Gan L, Ye C, Pi T, Wang L, Li C, Liu L, Huang T, Chen T, Han LB. Ligand-Free Iron-Catalyzed Construction of C-P Bonds via Phosphorylation of Alcohols: Synthesis of Phosphine Oxides and Phosphine Compounds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7047-7057. [PMID: 38669210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method for the construction of C-P(V) and C-P(III) bonds via the iron-catalyzed phosphorylation of alcohols under ligand-free conditions is disclosed. This strategy represents a straightforward process to prepare a series of phosphine oxides and phosphine compounds in good to excellent yields from the readily available alcohols and P-H compounds. A plausible mechanism is also proposed. We anticipate that this mode of transforming simple alcohols would apply in chemical synthesis widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguang Gan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Changxu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tianshu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Li-Biao Han
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Research Center of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Functional Molecular Synthesis, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
- Zhejiang Yangfan New Materials Company, Ltd., Shangyu, Zhejiang 312369, China
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19
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Xie S, Fu L, Ding Y, Wang Q, He C, Xu W, Wang Q, Zhong Y, Fan X, Yang M. Electrochemical C-H Mono-/Multi-Bromination Regulation of N-Sulfonylanilines on a Cost-Effective Carbon Fiber Electrode and Its Prospective Electroactive Molecule Screening. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6759-6769. [PMID: 38683949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-H mono/multi-bromination regulation of N-sulfonylanilines on the cost-effective CF electrode is described. This reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions with a broad substrate scope, affording diverse mono/multi-brominated anilines in moderate to good yields. Mechanism study reveals that this transformation involves anodic oxidation, aromatic electrophilic substitution, and deprotonation. Preliminary electroactive molecule screening results in its prospective application in electroactive MBs for electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchun Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yechun Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chen He
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yingfang Zhong
- Academic Affairs Office, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaona Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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20
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Mousavi M, Di Mola A, Pierri G, Tedesco C, Hensinger MJ, Sun A, Wang Y, Mayer P, Ofial AR, Massa A. Lactone Enolates of Isochroman-3-ones and 2-Coumaranones: Quantification of Their Nucleophilicity in DMSO and Conjugate Additions to Chalcones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6915-6928. [PMID: 38687827 PMCID: PMC11110064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Owing to stereoelectronic effects, lactones often deviate in reactivity from their open-chain ester analogues as demonstrated by the CH acidity (in DMSO) of 3-isochromanone (pKa = 18.8) and 2-coumaranone (pKa = 13.5), which is higher than that of ethyl phenylacetate (pKa = 22.6). We have now characterized the reactivity of the lactone enolates derived from 3-isochromanone and 2-coumaranone by following the kinetics of their Michael reactions with p-quinone methides and arylidenemalonates (reference electrophiles) in DMSO at 20 °C. Evaluation of the experimentally determined second-order rate constants k2 by the Mayr-Patz equation, lg k2 = sN(N + E), furnished the nucleophilicity parameters N (and sN) of the lactone enolates. By localizing their position on the Mayr nucleophilicity scale, the scope of their electrophilic reaction partners becomes predictable, and we demonstrate a novel catalytic methodology for a series of carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions of lactone enolates with chalcones under phase transfer conditions in toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Sadeq Mousavi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonia Di Mola
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Magenta J. Hensinger
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Aijia Sun
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Yilan Wang
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Antonio Massa
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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21
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Pan Z, Song J, Zhang S, Zeng P, Mei J, Qu DH. Tailoring raloxifene into single-component molecular crystals possessing multilevel stimuli-responsive room-temperature phosphorescence. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1237-1248. [PMID: 38458915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and multiple-stimuli responsiveness in a single-component system is of significance but remains challenging. Crystallization has been recognized to be a workable strategy to fulfill the above task. However, how the molecular packing mode affects the intersystem crossing and RTP lifetime concurrently remains unclear so far. Herein, four economic small-molecular compounds, analogues of the famous drug raloxifene (RALO), are facilely synthesized and further explored as neat single-component and stimuli-responsive RTP emitters via crystallization engineering. Thanks to their simple structures and high ease to crystallize, these raloxifene analogues function as models to clarify the important role of molecular packing in the RTP and stimuli-responsiveness properties. Thorough combination of the single-crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculations clearly manifests that the tight antiparallel molecular packing mode is the key point to their RTP behaviors. Interestingly, harnessing the controllable and reversible phase transitions of the two polymorphs of RALO-OAc driven by mechanical force, solvent vapor, and heat, a single-component multilevel stimuli-responsive platform with tunable emission color is established and further exploited for optical information encryption. This work would shed light on the rational design of multi-stimuli responsive RTP systems based on single-component organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinming Song
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ju Mei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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22
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Sadiq Z, Yang W, Meraz MM, Yang W, Sun WH. Catalytic Activity of 2-Imino-1,10-phenthrolyl Fe/Co Complexes via Linear Machine Learning. Molecules 2024; 29:2313. [PMID: 38792174 PMCID: PMC11124342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In anticipation of the correlations between catalyst structures and their properties, the catalytic activities of 2-imino-1,10-phenanthrolyl iron and cobalt metal complexes are quantitatively investigated via linear machine learning (ML) algorithms. Comparatively, the Ridge Regression (RR) model has captured more robust predictive performance compared with other linear algorithms, with a correlation coefficient value of R2= 0.952 and a cross-validation value of Q2= 0.871. It shows that different algorithms select distinct types of descriptors, depending on the importance of descriptors. Through the interpretation of the RR model, the catalytic activity is potentially related to the steric effect of substituents and negative charged groups. This study refines descriptor selection for accurate modeling, providing insights into the variation principle of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Sadiq
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.S.); (M.M.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhong Yang
- PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Md Mostakim Meraz
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.S.); (M.M.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weisheng Yang
- PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.S.); (M.M.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Wang J, Chai Z, Su H, Du E, Guan X, Guo H. Unraveling the Role of Humic Acid in the Oxidation of Phenolic Contaminants by Soluble Manganese Oxo-Anions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8576-8586. [PMID: 38696240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments and effectively accelerates decontamination by permanganate (Mn(VII)). However, the detailed mechanism remains uncertain. Herein, the intrinsic mechanisms of HA's impact on phenolics oxidation by Mn(VII) and its intermediate manganese oxo-anions were systematically studied. Results suggested that HA facilitated the transfer of a single electron from Mn(VII), resulting in the sequential formation of Mn(VI) and Mn(V). The formed Mn(V) was further reduced to Mn(III) through a double electron transfer process by HA. Mn(III) was responsible for the HA-boosted oxidation as the active species attacking pollutants, while Mn(VI) and Mn(V) tended to act as intermediate species due to their own instability. In addition, HA could serve as a stabilizer to form a complex with produced Mn(III) and retard the disproportionation of Mn(III). Notably, manganese oxo-anions did not mineralize HA but essentially changed its composition. According to the results of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and the second derivative analysis of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we found that manganese oxo-anions triggered the decomposition of C-H bonds on HA and subsequently produced oxygen-containing functional groups (i.e., C-O). This study might shed new light on the HA/manganese oxo-anion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingquan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhizhuo Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haizheng Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Erdeng Du
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongguang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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24
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Wan T, Capaldo L, Djossou J, Staffa A, de Zwart FJ, de Bruin B, Noël T. Rapid and scalable photocatalytic C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl bromides with alkyl boranes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4028. [PMID: 38740738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for drug design approaches that incorporate a higher number of sp3-hybridized carbons, necessitating the development of innovative cross-coupling strategies to reliably introduce aliphatic fragments. Here, we present a powerful approach for the light-mediated B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling between alkyl boranes and aryl bromides. Alkyl boranes were easily generated via hydroboration from readily available alkenes, exhibiting excellent regioselectivity and enabling the selective transfer of a diverse range of primary alkyl fragments onto the arene ring under photocatalytic conditions. This methodology eliminates the need for expensive catalytic systems and sensitive organometallic compounds, operating efficiently at room temperature within just 30 min. We further demonstrate the translation of the present protocol to continuous-flow conditions, enhancing scalability, safety, and overall efficiency of the method. This versatile approach offers significant potential for accelerating drug discovery efforts by enabling the introduction of complex aliphatic fragments in a straightforward and reliable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wan
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- SynCat Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Jonas Djossou
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Staffa
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix J de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bioinspired Catalysis Group (HomKat), van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bioinspired Catalysis Group (HomKat), van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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25
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Bednarik S, Demuth J, Kernal J, Miletin M, Zimcik P, Novakova V. Tuning Electron-Accepting Properties of Phthalocyanines for Charge Transfer Processes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8799-8806. [PMID: 38679903 PMCID: PMC11094797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines play fundamental roles as electron-acceptors in many different fields; thus, the study of structural features affecting electron-accepting properties of these macrocycles is highly desirable. A series of low-symmetry zinc(II) phthalocyanines, in which one, three, or four benzene rings were replaced for pyrazines, was prepared and decorated with electron-neutral (alkylsulfanyl) or strongly electron-withdrawing (alkylsulfonyl) groups to study the role of the macrocyclic core as well as the effect of peripheral substituents. Electrochemical studies revealed that the first reduction potential (Ered1) is directly proportional to the number of pyrazine units in the macrocycle. Introduction of alkylsulfonyl groups had a very strong effect and resulted in a strongly electron-deficient macrocycle with Ered1 = -0.48 V vs SCE (in THF). The efficiency of intramolecular-charge transfer (ICT) from the peripheral bis(2-methoxyethyl)amine group to the macrocycle was monitored as a decrease in the sum of ΦΔ + ΦF and correlated well with the determined Ered1 values. The strongest quenching by ICT was observed for the most electron-deficient macrocycle. Importantly, an obvious threshold at -1.0 V vs SCE was observed over which no ICT occurs. Disclosed results may substantially help to improve the design of electron-donor systems based on phthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bednarik
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec
Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Demuth
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec
Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kernal
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec
Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Miletin
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec
Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec
Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec
Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Czech Republic
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26
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He Z, Li S, Zeng R, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Hao Z, Zhang S, Liu F, Tang Z, Zhong H. Binary Organic Solar Cells with Exceeding 19% Efficiency via the Synergy of Polyfluoride Polymer and Fluorous Solvent. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404824. [PMID: 38733312 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Rational molecular design and suitable device engineering are two important strategies to boost the efficiencies in organic solar cells (OSCs). Yet these two approaches are independently developed, while their synergy is believed to be more productive. Herein, a branched polyfluoride moiety, heptafluoroisopropoxyl group, is introduced into the side chains of conjugated polymers for the first time. Compared with the conventional alkyl chain, this polyfluoride chain can endow the resulting polymer namely PF7 with highly packing order and strong crystallinity owing to the strong polarization and fluorine-induced interactions, while good solubility and moderate miscibility are retained. As a result, PF7 comprehensively outperforms the state-of-the-art polymer PM6 in photovoltaic properties. More importantly, based on the solubility of heptafluoroisopropoxyl groups in fluorous solvents, a new post-treatment denoted as fluorous solvent vapor annealing (FSVA) is proposed to match PF7. Differing from the existing post-treatments, FSVA can selectively reorganize fluoropolymer molecules but less impact small molecules in blend films. By employing the synergy of fluoropolymer and fluorous solvent, the device achieves a remarkable efficiency of 19.09%, which is among the best efficiencies in binary OSCs. The polymer PF7 and the FSVA treatment exhibit excellent universality in various OSCs with different material combinations or device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhe Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongliang Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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27
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Zhang MZ, Yang X, Yin JX, Deng Y, Tan HY, Bai YH, Li YL, Wen J, Chen T. Chemoselective Synthesis of 3-Bromomethyloxindoles via Visible-Light-Induced Radical Cascade Bromocyclization of Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:3923-3928. [PMID: 38662964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel visible-light-induced radical cascade bromocyclization of N-arylacrylamides has been accomplished. This reaction overcomes the overbromination at the benzene rings suffered in traditional electrophilic reactions, thus enabling the first highly chemoselective synthesis of valuable 3-bromomethyloxindoles. The combination of pyridine and anhydrous medium is identified as the key factor for the high chemoselectivity in the current photoreaction system, which might work by suppressing the in situ generation of low-concentration Br2 from N-bromosuccinimide. Moreover, the mild reaction conditions ensure the generation of a wide range of the new desired products with excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xing Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ying Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Heng Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
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28
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Kelsey SR, Griaznov G, Spaeth AD, Janzen DE, Douglas JT, Thompson WH, Barybin MV. Tuning the redox profile of the 6,6'-biazulenic platform through functionalization along its molecular axis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5213-5216. [PMID: 38652073 PMCID: PMC11080966 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The E1/2 potential associated with reduction of the linearly-functionalized 6,6'-biazulenic scaffold is accurately correlated to the combined σp Hammett parameters of the substituents over >600 mV range. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the 2,2'-dichloro-substituted derivative revealed unexpectedly short C-Cl bond distances, along with other metric changes, suggesting a non-trivial cycloheptafulvalene-like structural contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun R Kelsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Georgii Griaznov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Andrew D Spaeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Daron E Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Justin T Douglas
- NMR Laboratory, Molecular Structures Group, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ward H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Mikhail V Barybin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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29
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Elleman AV, Milicic N, Williams DJ, Simko J, Liu CJ, Haynes AL, Ehrlich DE, Makinson CD, Du Bois J. Behavioral control through the direct, focal silencing of neuronal activity. Cell Chem Biol 2024:S2451-9456(24)00131-4. [PMID: 38729162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The ability to optically stimulate and inhibit neurons has revolutionized neuroscience research. Here, we present a direct, potent, user-friendly chemical approach for optically silencing neurons. We have rendered saxitoxin (STX), a naturally occurring paralytic agent, transiently inert through chemical protection with a previously undisclosed nitrobenzyl-derived photocleavable group. Exposing the caged toxin, STX-bpc, to a brief (5 ms) pulse of light effects rapid release of a potent STX derivative and transient, spatially precise blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs). We demonstrate the efficacy of STX-bpc for parametrically manipulating action potentials in mammalian neurons and brain slice. Additionally, we show the effectiveness of this reagent for silencing neural activity by dissecting sensory-evoked swimming in larval zebrafish. Photo-uncaging of STX-bpc is a straightforward method for non-invasive, reversible, spatiotemporally precise neural silencing without the need for genetic access, thus removing barriers for comparative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Elleman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nikola Milicic
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 121 Integrative Biology Research Building, 1117 W Johnson St, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Damian J Williams
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jane Simko
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christine J Liu
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, MC 9872, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Allison L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David E Ehrlich
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 121 Integrative Biology Research Building, 1117 W Johnson St, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Christopher D Makinson
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, MC 9872, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - J Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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30
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Wang SY, Liu C, Yang W, Tian ZY, Yuan L, Xie LY. Efficient synthesis of SCF 3-containing 3-alkenylquinoxalinones via three-component radical cascade reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3740-3745. [PMID: 38651658 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of 3-alkenylquinoxalinones containing the SCF3 group has been readily developed through a three-component radical cascade reaction involving quinoxalinones, alkynes and AgSCF3. The reaction was found to be compatible with a variety of substrates and exhibited a high functional group tolerance and complete E-selectivity. The preliminary study suggests the involvement of a SCF3 radical in the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425100, China.
| | - Chu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425100, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425100, China.
| | - Zhong-Ying Tian
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425100, China.
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425100, China.
| | - Long-Yong Xie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425100, China.
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31
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Khatua B, Ghosh A, Ray AK, Banerjee N, Dey J, Paul A, Guin J. Photocatalytic Synthesis of β-Keto Primary Chlorides by Selective Chlorocarbonylation of Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402849. [PMID: 38389271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Functionalized primary alkyl chlorides are precursors to a plethora of scaffolds but their access from chemical feedstocks remains challenging. Herein, we report a concise dual Ni/photoredox catalytic protocol for regioselective chlorocarbonylation of unactivated alkenes that enables rapid access to β-keto primary chlorides. The catalytic process features an extensive substrate scope, scalability and functional group tolerance. The Ni/photocatalytic Cl⋅ generation and subsequent cross-coupling is implicated for the process based on the control experiments and DFT study. The synthetic utility of the protocol has been further corroborated through functionalization of complex substrates and modifications of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitasik Khatua
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anjulika Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Ray
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Jayanta Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ankan Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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32
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Khelwati H, van Geelen L, Kalscheuer R, Müller TJJ. Synthesis, Electronic, and Antibacterial Properties of 3,7-Di(hetero)aryl-substituted Phenothiazinyl N-Propyl Trimethylammonium Salts. Molecules 2024; 29:2126. [PMID: 38731617 PMCID: PMC11085201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a library of 3,7-di(hetero)aryl-substituted 10-(3-trimethylammoniumpropyl)10H-phenothiazine salts is prepared. These title compounds and their precursors are reversible redox systems with tunable potentials. The Hammett correlation gives a very good correlation of the first oxidation potentials with σp parameters. Furthermore, the title compounds and their precursors are blue to green-blue emissive. Screening of the salts reveals for some derivatives a distinct inhibition of several pathogenic bacterial strains (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aconetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) in the lower micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Khelwati
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Lasse van Geelen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.v.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.v.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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33
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Jiménez-Vázquez HA, Guevara-Salazar JA, Quintana-Zavala D. Synthesis, Theoretical Study, and Anticonvulsant Evaluation of N-Arylenaminones. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400056. [PMID: 38472742 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
N-Arylenaminones are highly versatile compounds which can be synthesized in relatively simple ways. In this work we explored the synthesis of the four monosubstituted N-(4-R-phenyl)enaminones 3 a (R=NO2), 3 b (R=F), 3 c (R=H), and 3 d (R=OMe) with the goal of determining the influence of the substituents' electronic effects on tautomer stability and biological activity. These compounds were analyzed by means of Density Functional Theory calculations (DFT), to evaluate the relative stability of the possible tautomers. We found that the enaminone structure is the most stable with respect to the ketoimine and iminoenol forms. In addition, all four compounds display anticonvulsant activity, with 3 d being the one that mostly increased latency and mostly decreased the number of convulsions with respect to the control group. The suggested mechanism of action involves blockage of the voltage-dependent Na+ channels, considering that these molecules meet the structural characteristics needed to block the receptor, as is the case of the positive control molecules phenytoin (PHT) and valproic acid (VPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A Jiménez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Manuel Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11350, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Alberto Guevara-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Delia Quintana-Zavala
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, CICATA Unidad Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Legaria No. 694, 11500, Ciudad de México, México
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34
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Sherstiuk A, Lledós A, Lönnecke P, Hernando J, Sebastián RM, Hey-Hawkins E. Dithienylethene-Based Photoswitchable Phosphines for the Palladium-Catalyzed Stille Coupling Reaction. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7652-7664. [PMID: 38624066 PMCID: PMC11061837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Homogeneous transition metal catalysis is a constantly developing field in chemical sciences. A growing interest in this area is photoswitchable catalysis, which pursues in situ modulation of catalyst activity through noninvasive light irradiation. Phosphorus ligands are excellent targets to accomplish this goal by introducing photoswitchable moieties; however, only a limited number of examples have been reported so far. In this work, we have developed a series of palladium complexes capable of catalyzing the Stille coupling reaction that contain photoisomerizable phosphine ligands based on dithienylethene switches. Incorporation of electron-withdrawing substituents into these dithienylethene moieties allows variation of the electron density on the phosphorus atom of the ligands upon light irradiation, which in turn leads to a modulation of the catalytic properties of the formed complexes and their activity in a model Stille coupling reaction. These results are supported by theoretical computations, which show that the energy barriers for the rate-determining steps of the catalytic cycle decrease when the photoswitchable phosphine ligands are converted to their closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sherstiuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sebastián
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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35
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Sheth S, Gotico P, Herrero C, Quaranta A, Aukauloo A, Leibl W. Proton Domino Reactions at an Imidazole Relay Control the Oxidation of a Tyr Z-His 190 Artificial Mimic of Photosystem II. Chemistry 2024:e202400862. [PMID: 38676548 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
A close mimic of P680 and the TyrosineZ-Histidine190 pair in photosystem II (PS II) has been synthesized using a ruthenium chromophore and imidazole-phenol ligands. The intramolecular oxidation of the ligands by the photoproduced Ru(III) species is characterized by a small driving force, very similar to PS II where the complexity of kinetics was attributed to the reversibility of electron transfer steps. Laser flash photolysis revealed biphasic kinetics for ligand oxidation. The fast phase (τ<50 ns) corresponds to partial oxidation of the imidazole-phenol ligand, proton transfer within the hydrogen bond, and formation of a neutral phenoxyl radical. The slow phase (5-9 μs) corresponds to full oxidation of the ligand which is kinetically controlled by deprotonation of the distant 1-nitrogen of the imidazolium. These results show that imidazole with its two protonatable sites plays a special role as a proton relay in a 'proton domino' reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujitraj Sheth
- CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Current affiliation , National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Philipp Gotico
- CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christian Herrero
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et Des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Annamaria Quaranta
- CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ally Aukauloo
- CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et Des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Winfried Leibl
- CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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36
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Li K, Wang Y, Guo X, Wang B. Effects of Lignin-Diverted Reductant with Polyphenol Oxidases on Cellulose Degradation by Wild and Mutant Types of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3694-3712. [PMID: 38666960 PMCID: PMC11049000 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing a multi-enzyme synergistic lignocellulosic biodegradation system using lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) and polyphenol oxidases is vital for efficiently utilizing plant biomass waste, ultimately benefiting the carbon cycle and promoting environmental protection. Single-residue mutations of LPMO can improve the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass degradation. However, the activity of mutant-type LPMO in relation to lignin-diverted reducing agents has not been sufficiently explored. In this study, laccase and tyrosinase were initially investigated and their optimal conditions and impressive thermal stability were revealed, indicating their potential synergistic abilities with LPMO in lignocellulose biodegradation. When utilizing gallic acid as a reducing agent, the activities of LPMOs were increased by over 10%, which was particularly evident in mutant-type LPMOs after the addition of polyphenol oxidases. In particular, the combination of tyrosinase with either 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetone or p-coumaric acid was shown to enhance the efficacy of LPMOs. Furthermore, the highest activity levels of wild-type LPMOs were observed with the addition of laccase and 3-methylcatechol. The similarities between wild and mutant LPMOs regarding their activities in lignin-diverted phenolic compounds and reducing agents are almost identical, suggesting that the single-residue mutation of LPMO does not have a detrimental effect on its performance. Above all, this study indicates that understanding the performance of both wild and mutant types of LPMOs in the presence of polyphenol oxidases and various reducing agents constitutes a key link in the industrialization of the multi-enzyme degradation of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bo Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.); (X.G.)
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37
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Barbosa WG, Santos-Jr CV, Andrade RB, Lucena JR, Moura RT. Bond analysis in meta- and para-substituted thiophenols: overlap descriptors, local mode analysis, and QTAIM. J Mol Model 2024; 30:139. [PMID: 38639900 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT This study delves into the chemical nuances of thiophenols and their derivatives through a comprehensive computational analysis, moving beyond traditional energetic perspectives such as bond dissociation enthalpy and S-H dissociation dynamics. By employing the overlap model along with its topological descriptors (OP/TOP), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and local vibrational mode (LVM) theories, the research provides a deeper understanding of the S-H and C-S bonding scenarios in substituted thiophenols. The investigation follows the electron-donating capacity of S-H substituent variation with the nature and positioning of other ring substituents. Energy profile analyses indicate distinct stability differences in the cis and trans conformations of meta- and para-PhSH systems, influenced by the electron-donating strength of these substituents. The study also uncovers significant variations in S-H bond distances and descriptor values, particularly in para-substituted PhSH, reflecting the influence of electron-donating or withdrawing substituents. In contrast, alterations at the meta-position show minimal effects on C-S bond descriptors, while para-substitutions markedly influence C-S bond characteristics, demonstrating a clear correlation with the electron-donating or withdrawing capabilities of the substituents. This research sheds light on the intricate bond dynamics in aromatic systems with diverse substituents, highlighting the complex interaction between electronic effects and molecular conformation. METHODS The study employs the ω B97X-D/Def2TZVP level of theory for molecular geometries, ensuring accurate characterization of structures as true minima via analytical harmonic frequency determination. The electronic properties of S-H and C-S bonds in variously substituted thiophenols were analyzed using OP/TOP, QTAIM, and LVM methodologies. Computational processes, including conformational scans, geometry optimizations, and vibrational frequency calculations, were conducted using Gaussian 09, with ultra-fine integration grids and tight convergence criteria for the SCF procedure. Bond descriptors were computed utilizing ChemBOS, Multiwfn, and LModeA software, providing a robust and detailed examination of bond properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis G Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Carlos V Santos-Jr
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, 58051-970, PB, Brazil
| | - Railton B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Juracy R Lucena
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Renaldo T Moura
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, 58397-000, PB, Brazil.
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA.
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38
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Phadnis N, Molen JA, Stephens SM, Weierbach SM, Lambert KM, Milligan JA. Green Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrazide Derivatives Using an Oxoammonium Salt. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5841-5845. [PMID: 38568872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic diazenes are often prepared by oxidation of the corresponding hydrazides using stoichiometric quantities of nonrecyclable oxidants. We developed a convenient alternative protocol for the oxidation of aromatic hydrazides using Bobbitt's salt (1), a metal-free, recyclable, and commercially available oxoammonium reagent. A variety of aryl hydrazides were oxidized within 75 min at room temperature using the developed protocol. Computational insight suggests that this oxidation occurs by a polar hydride transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidheesh Phadnis
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 4201 Henry Ave, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19144, United States
| | - Jessica A Molen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 4201 Henry Ave, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19144, United States
| | - Shannon M Stephens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Shayne M Weierbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Kyle M Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - John A Milligan
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 4201 Henry Ave, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19144, United States
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39
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Lu Y, Egedeuzu CS, Taylor PG, Wong LS. Development of Improved Spectrophotometric Assays for Biocatalytic Silyl Ether Hydrolysis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:492. [PMID: 38672508 PMCID: PMC11048244 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reported herein is the development of assays for the spectrophotometric quantification of biocatalytic silicon-oxygen bond hydrolysis. Central to these assays are a series of chromogenic substrates that release highly absorbing phenoxy anions upon cleavage of the sessile bond. These substrates were tested with silicatein, an enzyme from a marine sponge that is known to catalyse the hydrolysis and condensation of silyl ethers. It was found that, of the substrates tested, tert-butyldimethyl(2-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)silane provided the best assay performance, as evidenced by the highest ratio of enzyme catalysed reaction rate compared with the background (uncatalysed) reaction. These substrates were also found to be suitable for detailed enzyme kinetics measurements, as demonstrated by their use to determine the Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters for silicatein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (Y.L.); (C.S.E.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chisom S. Egedeuzu
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (Y.L.); (C.S.E.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Peter G. Taylor
- School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Lu Shin Wong
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (Y.L.); (C.S.E.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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40
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Hashikawa Y, Murata Y. Direct Through-Space Substituent-π Interactions in Noncovalent Arene-Fullerene Assemblies. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400075. [PMID: 38385611 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The arene-arene interactions between electron-rich and deficient aromatics have been less understood. Herein, we focus on a [60]fullerene π-surface as an electron-deficient aromatics. Using a 1H signal of H2O@C60 as a magnetic probe, the presence of benzene-fullerene interactions was confirmed. To investigate substituent effects on the noncovalent arene-fullerene interactions, NMR titration experiments were carried out using an open-[60]fullerene and a series of substituted benzenes, i. e., PhX (X=NO2, CN, Cl, OMe, H, CH3, and NH2), demonstrating a 1 : 2 stoichiometry with a positive correlation between stabilization energies upon the first association (ΔG1) and Hammet constants (σm). The destabilization of the self-assembled structure for X=OMe with a σ-withdrawing nature clearly showed direct through-space substituent-π interactions describable by the Wheeler-Houk model while the second association was suggested to be considerably perturbed by the secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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41
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Satpathy JK, Yadav R, Bagha UK, Kumar D, Sastri CV, de Visser SP. Enhanced Reactivity through Equatorial Sulfur Coordination in Nonheme Iron(IV)-Oxo Complexes: Insights from Experiment and Theory. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6752-6766. [PMID: 38551622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur ligation in metalloenzymes often gives the active site unique properties, whether it is the axial cysteinate ligand in the cytochrome P450s or the equatorial sulfur/thiol ligation in nonheme iron enzymes. To understand sulfur ligation to iron complexes and how it affects the structural, spectroscopic, and intrinsic properties of the active species and the catalysis of substrates, we pursued a systematic study and compared sulfur with amine-ligated iron(IV)-oxo complexes. We synthesized and characterized a biomimetic N4S-ligated iron(IV)-oxo complex and compared the obtained results with an analogous N5-ligated iron(IV)-oxo complex. Our work shows that the amine for sulfur replacement in the equatorial ligand framework leads to a rate enhancement for oxygen atom and hydrogen atom transfer reactions. Moreover, the sulfur-ligated iron(IV)-oxo complex reacts through a different reaction mechanism as compared to the N5-ligated iron(IV)-oxo complex, where the former reacts through hydride transfer with the latter reacting via radical pathways. We show that the reactivity differences are caused by a dramatic change in redox potential between the two complexes. Our studies highlight the importance of implementing a sulfur ligand into the equatorial ligand framework of nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complexes and how it affects the physicochemical properties of the oxidant and its reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagnyesh K Satpathy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rolly Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Umesh K Bagha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Devesh Kumar
- Department of Applied Physics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, School for Physical Sciences, Vidya Vihar, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow 226025, UP, India
| | - Chivukula V Sastri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sam P de Visser
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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42
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Cardwell PA, Del Moro C, Murphy MP, Lapthorn AJ, Hartley RC. Human mitochondrial glutathione transferases: Kinetic parameters and accommodation of a mitochondria-targeting group in substrates. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 104:117712. [PMID: 38593670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases are key to the cellular detoxification of xenobiotics and products of oxidative damage. GSTs catalyse the reaction of glutathione (GSH) with electrophiles to form stable thioether adducts. GSTK1-1 is the main GST isoform in the mitochondrial matrix, but the GSTA1-1 and GSTA4-4 isoforms are also thought to be in the mitochondria with their distribution altering in transformed cells, thus potentially providing a cancer specific target. A mitochondria-targeted version of the GST substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), MitoCDNB, has been used to manipulate the mitochondrial GSH pool. To finesse this approach to target particular GST isoforms in the context of cancer, here we have determined the kcat/Km for the human isoforms of GSTK1-1, GSTA1-1 and GSTA4-4 with respect to GSH and CDNB. We show how the rate of the GST-catalysed reaction between GSH and CDNB analogues can be modified by both the electron withdrawing substituents, and by the position of the mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium on the chlorobenzene ring to tune the activity of mitochondria-targeted substrates. These findings can now be exploited to selectively disrupt the mitochondrial GSH pools of cancer cells expressing particular GST isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Cardwell
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Carlo Del Moro
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Adrian J Lapthorn
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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43
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Hayashi M, Burtoloso ACB. Synthesis of gem-Difluorinated Keto-Sulfoxides from Sulfoxonium Ylides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400108. [PMID: 38318729 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic molecules containing fluorine and sulfur atoms represent a large percentage of approved pharmaceuticals. Those with combination of both S and F atoms in their structure such as Xtandi, approved in 2012 for prostate cancer, indicates the importance of synthetic methods that accommodates both atoms in an organic moiety. In this study, a novel aspect of sulfoxonium ylide reactivity was explored, unveiling a streamlined and mild synthesis method for gem-difluorinated keto-sulfoxides. Our protocol offers a direct and practical approach to prepare these compounds in 14-80 % chemical yields, that were represented by 21 examples. NMR studies and Hammett correlations gave strong evidence about the mechanism of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Hayashi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo CEP, SP-13563-120, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Antonio C B Burtoloso
- Department of Physical Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo CEP, SP-13563-120, São Carlos, Brazil
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44
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Mando M, Grellepois F, Blanc A, Hénon E, Riguet E. Toward Efficient and Stereoselective Aromatic and Dearomative Cope Rearrangements: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of α-Allyl-α'-Aromatic γ-Lactone Derivatives. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304138. [PMID: 38284279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The aromatic Cope rearrangement is an elusive transformation that has been the subject of a limited number of investigations compared to those seemingly close analogues, namely the Cope and aromatic Claisen rearrangement. Herein we report our investigations inspired by moderate success observed in the course of pioneering works. By careful experimental and theoretical investigations, we demonstrate that key substitutions on 1,5-hexadiene scaffold allow fruitful transformations. Especially, efficient functionalisation of the heteroaromatic rings results from the aromatic Cope rearrangement, while highly stereoselective interrupted aromatic Cope rearrangements highlight the formation of chiral compounds through a dearomative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Mando
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Fabienne Grellepois
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Aurélien Blanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Hénon
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Emmanuel Riguet
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, 51097, Reims, France
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45
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Zhang J, Hu W, Chen Z, Wu N, Li C, Chen T, Han LB. Water-Promoted Mild and General Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction of Triaryl Phosphites and Aryl Iodides by Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38602481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed relatively general Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction of triaryl phosphites and aryl iodides for preparing useful aryl phosphonates was developed. Interestingly, water can greatly facilitate the reaction through a water-participating phosphonium intermediate rearrangement process, which also makes the reaction conditions rather mild. In comparison with the known methods, this reaction is milder and more general, as it exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, can be applied to various triaryl phosphites and aryl iodides, and can be extended to aryl phosphonites and phosphinites. A gram-scale reaction with a low catalyst loading also revealed its practicality and potential in large-scale preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Nuo Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Chunya Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Li-Biao Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Research Center of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Functional Molecular Synthesis, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
- Zhejiang Yangfan New Materials Company, Ltd., Shangyu, Zhejiang 312369, China
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46
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Nikitin S, Diness F. Tuning Green Explosives through S NAr Chemistry. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400212. [PMID: 38602240 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Reactivity and regioselectivity of SNAr-type fluorine substitution with azide in polyfluorosubstituted nitrobenzenes was studied both theoretically and experimentally. The obtained polyazido-substituted nitrobenzene derivatives were extensively characterized by NMR, IR, HPLC, X-ray, and DFT methods. It was found that the substitution with the azide nucleophile occurs first at the para- and the ortho-positions to the NO2-group and that transazidation reactions also occur here. Thermal decomposition of prepared azidonitrobenzenes was studied both in controlled (kinetic decay) and uncontrolled (explosion) modes. In case of the controlled thermal decomposition of ortho-azidonitrobenzenes, benzofuroxans were found as major products of the reaction unless another azido group was adjacent to the furoxan moiety. The bursting power of azidonitrobenzenes was found to rise gradually with the number of the azide substituents in the aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Nikitin
- Department of Chemistry, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Diness
- Department of Chemistry, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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47
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Bone KI, Puleo TR, Bandar JS. Direct C-H Hydroxylation of N-Heteroarenes and Benzenes via Base-Catalyzed Halogen Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9755-9767. [PMID: 38530788 PMCID: PMC11006572 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxylated (hetero)arenes are valued in many industries as both key constituents of end products and diversifiable synthetic building blocks. Accordingly, the development of reactions that complement and address the limitations of existing methods for the introduction of aromatic hydroxyl groups is an important goal. To this end, we apply base-catalyzed halogen transfer (X-transfer) to enable the direct C-H hydroxylation of mildly acidic N-heteroarenes and benzenes. This protocol employs an alkoxide base to catalyze X-transfer from sacrificial 2-halothiophene oxidants to aryl substrates, forming SNAr-active intermediates that undergo nucleophilic hydroxylation. Key to this process is the use of 2-phenylethanol as an inexpensive hydroxide surrogate that, after aromatic substitution and rapid elimination, provides the hydroxylated arene and styrene byproduct. Use of simple 2-halothiophenes allows for C-H hydroxylation of 6-membered N-heteroarenes and 1,3-azole derivatives, while a rationally designed 2-halobenzothiophene oxidant extends the scope to electron-deficient benzene substrates. Mechanistic studies indicate that aromatic X-transfer is reversible, suggesting that the deprotonation, halogenation, and substitution steps operate in synergy, manifesting in unique selectivity trends that are not necessarily dependent on the most acidic aryl position. The utility of this method is further demonstrated through streamlined target molecule syntheses, examples of regioselectivity that contrast alternative C-H hydroxylation methods, and the scalable recycling of the thiophene oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelyn I. Bone
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Thomas R. Puleo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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48
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Groß P, Ihmels H. Studies About the Effect of Halogenated Solvents on the Fluorescence Properties of 9-Aryl-Substituted Isoquinolinium Derivatives - A Case Study. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03691-z. [PMID: 38598108 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
It was demonstrated that 9-aryl-substituted isoquinolinium derivatives have significantly increased fluorescence quantum yields in halogenated solvents, mostly pronounced in chloroalkanes, which appears to be specific for this type of solvents. Further analysis with selected halogenated solvents revealed that the type and number of halogen substituents and the dielectric constant of the solvent have a distinct impact on the emission quantum yield. The solvent effect is explained by a solvation of the charge shift (CS) state by attractive halogen-π interactions (halogen bond), which impedes the torsional relaxation of the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Groß
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cµ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cµ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
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49
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Hu DD, Nie TM, Xiao X, Li K, Li YB, Gao Q, Bi YX, Wang XS. Enantioselective Construction of C-SCF 3 Stereocenters via Nickel Catalyzed Asymmetric Negishi Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400308. [PMID: 38299744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The construction of the SCF3-containing 1,1-diaryl tertiary carbon stereocenters with high enantioselectivities is reported via a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric C-C coupling strategy. This method demonstrates simple operations, mild conditions and excellent functional group tolerance, with newly designed SCF3-containing synthon, which can be easily obtained from commercially available benzyl bromide and trifluoromethylthio anion in a two-step manner. Further substrate exploration indicated that the reaction system could be extended to diverse perfluoroalkyl sulfide (SC2F5, SC3F7, SC4F9, SCF2CO2Et)-substituted 1,1-diaryl compounds with excellent enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility of this transformation was further demonstrated by convenient derivatization to optical SCF3-containing analogues of bioactive compounds without an apparent decrease in enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo-Duo Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Tian-Mei Nie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Bi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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50
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An H, Liu X, Cai W, Shao X. Explainable Graph Neural Networks with Data Augmentation for Predicting p Ka of C-H Acids. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:2383-2392. [PMID: 37706462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The pKa of C-H acids is an important parameter in the fields of organic synthesis, drug discovery, and materials science. However, the prediction of pKa is still a great challenge due to the limit of experimental data and the lack of chemical insight. Here, a new model for predicting the pKa values of C-H acids is proposed on the basis of graph neural networks (GNNs) and data augmentation. A message passing unit (MPU) was used to extract the topological and target-related information from the molecular graph data, and a readout layer was utilized to retrieve the information on the ionization site C atom. The retrieved information then was adopted to predict pKa by a fully connected network. Furthermore, to increase the diversity of the training data, a knowledge-infused data augmentation technique was established by replacing the H atoms in a molecule with substituents exhibiting different electronic effects. The MPU was pretrained with the augmented data. The efficacy of data augmentation was confirmed by visualizing the distribution of compounds with different substituents and by classifying compounds. The explainability of the model was studied by examining the change of pKa values when a specific atom was masked. This explainability was used to identify the key substituents for pKa. The model was evaluated on two data sets from the iBonD database. Dataset1 includes the experimental pKa values of C-H acids measured in DMSO, while dataset2 comprises the pKa values measured in water. The results show that the knowledge-infused data augmentation technique greatly improves the predictive accuracy of the model, especially when the number of samples is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongle An
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xueguang Shao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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