1
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Williams TL, Taily IM, Hatton L, Berezin AA, Wu YL, Moliner V, Świderek K, Tsai YH, Luk LYP. Secondary Amine Catalysis in Enzyme Design: Broadening Protein Template Diversity through Genetic Code Expansion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403098. [PMID: 38545954 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Secondary amines, due to their reactivity, can transform protein templates into catalytically active entities, accelerating the development of artificial enzymes. However, existing methods, predominantly reliant on modified ligands or N-terminal prolines, impose significant limitations on template selection. In this study, genetic code expansion was used to break this boundary, enabling secondary amines to be incorporated into alternative proteins and positions of choice. Pyrrolysine analogues carrying different secondary amines could be incorporated into superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP), multidrug-binding LmrR and nucleotide-binding dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Notably, the analogue containing a D-proline moiety demonstrated both proteolytic stability and catalytic activity, conferring LmrR and DHFR with the desired transfer hydrogenation activity. While the LmrR variants were confined to the biomimetic 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) as the hydride source, the optimal DHFR variant favorably used the pro-R hydride from NADPH for stereoselective reactions (e.r. up to 92 : 8), highlighting that a switch of protein template could broaden the nucleophile option for catalysis. Owing to the cofactor compatibility, the DHFR-based secondary amine catalysis could be integrated into an enzymatic recycling scheme. This established method shows substantial potential in enzyme design, applicable from studies on enzyme evolution to the development of new biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Williams
- School of Chemistry and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Irshad M Taily
- School of Chemistry and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Hatton
- School of Chemistry and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey A Berezin
- School of Chemistry and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Vicent Moliner
- BioComp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Świderek
- BioComp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló, Spain
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Gaoke International Innovation Center, Guangming District, 518132, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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2
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Yu MZ, Yuan Y, Li ZJ, Kunthic T, Wang HX, Xu C, Xiang Z. An Artificial Enzyme for Asymmetric Nitrocyclopropanation of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes-Design and Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202401635. [PMID: 38597773 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of an abiological catalytic group into the binding pocket of a protein host allows for the expansion of enzyme chemistries. Here, we report the generation of an artificial enzyme by genetic encoding of a non-canonical amino acid that contains a secondary amine side chain. The non-canonical amino acid and the binding pocket function synergistically to catalyze the asymmetric nitrocyclopropanation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes by the iminium activation mechanism. The designer enzyme was evolved to an optimal variant that catalyzes the reaction at high conversions with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. This work demonstrates the application of genetic code expansion in enzyme design and expands the scope of enzyme-catalyzed abiological reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, AI for Science (AI4S) Preferred Program, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, AI for Science (AI4S) Preferred Program, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Jie Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Thittaya Kunthic
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, AI for Science (AI4S) Preferred Program, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - He-Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, AI for Science (AI4S) Preferred Program, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Chen Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, AI for Science (AI4S) Preferred Program, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Gaoke Innovation Center, Guangqiao Road, Guangming District, 518132, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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3
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Doraghi F, Ameli M, Ansariashlaghi S, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. NHC-Catalyzed Enantioselective Transformations Involving α-Bromoenals. CHEM REC 2024:e202400005. [PMID: 38587150 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
α-Haloenals, especially, α-bromoenals considered as one of the important building blocks in organic synthesis. They can participate in various (3+2)-, (3+3)-, (3+4)-, and (2+4)-annulation reactions with other organic molecules in the presence of an NHC catalyst to produce enantioenriched carbo-, and heterocyclic compounds. Herein, we have described NHC-catalyzed enantioselective transformations of α-bromoenals in the synthesis of various heterocycles, and carbocycles, as well as acyclic organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Doraghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ameli
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Ansariashlaghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Li Z, Zhang H, Zhao L, Ma Y, Wu Q, Ren H, Lin Z, Zheng J, Yu X. Metal-free β,γ-C(sp 3)-H difunctionalization of propanols: DMP-initiated asymmetric spirocyclopropanation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3579-3582. [PMID: 38470069 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
A DMP-initiated metal-free effective β,γ-asymmetric spirocyclopropanation of propanols strategy using oxidative iminium activation is described. This process has been realized by a synergistic amine-catalyzed one-pot cascade oxidation-Michael addition cyclopropanation for "one-pot" access to various spirocyclopropyl propionaldehydes/propanols from diverse 3-arylpropanols and α-brominated active methylene compounds under mild conditions and with high enantioselectivity (ee up to >99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyao Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yueyue Ma
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qiufang Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haosong Ren
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhongren Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jun Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xinhong Yu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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5
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Xu Q, Jia J, Fan H, Ma Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Su P, Gao W, Wang Y, Li D. Catalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Heterobiaryl Oxime Ethers via the One-Step Dynamic Kinetic Condensation Reaction. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38502802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral heterobiaryls was first developed through the direct one-step dynamic kinetic condensation reaction with the simple transformation of the C═O bond to the C═N bond, delivering a series of novel axially chiral heterobiaryl oxime ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jifan Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haitong Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhifeng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chi-nese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijng 100700, China
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chi-nese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijng 100700, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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6
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Tanaka S, Yoshii Y, Hattori T. Lewis Acid-Mediated Friedel-Crafts-Type Formylation of Alkenes with Dichloromethyl Methyl Ether in the Presence of Pyridines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3546-3551. [PMID: 38348870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Various alkenes are formylated with dichloromethyl methyl ether (MOMCl2) by the combined use of SnCl4/2,6-dibromopyridine (B1) or AgOTf/pyridine (B4) via Friedel-Crafts-type reaction. The former reagent combination is mainly applied to α,α-diarylalkenes, while the latter one is applied not only to arylalkenes but also to some alkylalkenes. Vinyl aldehydes are exclusively obtained from alkenes that can possibly afford both allyl and vinyl aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Environment Conservation Research Institute, Tohoku University, 6-6-04 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshii
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hattori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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7
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Levandowski BJ, Graham BJ, Houk KN, Raines RT. Click Organocatalysis: Acceleration of Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions with Mutually Orthogonal Click Reactions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2232-2237. [PMID: 38275285 PMCID: PMC10922906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
"Click organocatalysis" uses mutually orthogonal click reactions to organocatalyze a click reaction. We report the development of an isobenzofuran organocatalyst that increases the rate and regioselectivity of an azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The organocatalytic cycle consists of (1) a Diels-Alder reaction of an alkyne with a diarylisobenzofuran to form a benzooxanorbornadiene, (2) a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with an azide to form a 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3-triazole, and (3) a retro-Diels-Alder reaction that releases the triazole product and regenerates the diarylisobenzofuran organocatalyst. The diarylisobenzofuran organocatalyst was computationally designed to catalyze the reaction of perfluorophenyl azide and methyl propiolate to selectively form a 1,4-triazole product. Experimental validation of the designed organocatalyst was obtained with methyl 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoate and methyl propiolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Levandowski
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Brian J. Graham
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
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8
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Sharma A, Pandey SK. Proline-catalyzed synthesis of α-substituted ( E)-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes from epoxides. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 38018472 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel, simple and metal-free tandem approach for synthesizing α-substituted (E)-α,β-unsaturated aldehyde derivatives through acid-catalyzed epoxide rearrangement and organocatalyzed aldol condensation processes has been described. This transformation has a broad substrate scope under mild conditions, including epoxides and aldehydes containing diverse functional groups, resulting in moderate to high yields of the desired products. Eventually, large-scale reactions and the synthesis of some bioactive molecules are used to demonstrate the potential applicability of the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
| | - Satyendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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9
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Kaasik M, Chen PP, Ričko S, Jørgensen KA, Houk KN. Asymmetric [4 + 2], [6 + 2], and [6 + 4] Cycloadditions of Isomeric Formyl Cycloheptatrienes Catalyzed by a Chiral Diamine Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23874-23890. [PMID: 37862136 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel asymmetric aminocatalytic cycloadditions are described between formyl cycloheptatrienes and 6,6-dimethylfulvene that lead to [4 + 2], [6 + 2], and [4 + 6] cycloadducts. The unprecedented reaction course is dependent on the position of the formyl functionality in the cycloheptatriene core, and each formyl cycloheptatriene isomer displays a distinct reactivity pattern. The formyl cycloheptatriene isomers are activated by a chiral primary diamine catalyst, and the activation mode is dependent on the position of the formyl functionality relative to the cycloheptatriene core. The [4 + 2] and [6 + 2] cycloadducts are formed via rare iminocatalytic inverse electron-demand cycloadditions, while the [4 + 6] cycloadduct is formed by a normal electron-demand cycloaddition. The reactivity displayed by the different formyl cycloheptatrienes was investigated by DFT calculations. These computational studies account for the different reaction paths for the three isomeric formyl cycloheptatrienes. The aminocatalytic [4 + 2], [6 + 2], and [4 + 6] cycloadditions proceed by stepwise processes, and the interplay between conjugation, substrate distortion, and dispersive interactions between the fulvene and aminocatalyst mainly defines the outcome of each cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikk Kaasik
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-80000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sebastijan Ričko
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-80000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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10
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Gambhir D, Singh S, Singh RP. Enamine/Iminium-based Dual Organocatalytic Systems for Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300627. [PMID: 37910066 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The rational combination of two catalysts to expedite the construction of chiral complex biologically and pharmacologically relevant chiral compounds has widely gained momentum over the past decade. In particular, enamine or iminium catalysis ensuing from the activation of aldehyde or ketone by chiral amine catalysts in conjugation with other organocatalytic cycles has facilitated several asymmetric transformations to yield the enantioenriched products. Regardless of the considerable discussion on the various dual catalytic approaches, literature lacks a comprehensive review focusing on the enamine and iminium-based dual organocatalytic systems. Thus, this review article has discussed the noteworthy achievements in the field of asymmetric catalysis and synthesis catalyzed by the enamine and iminium-based dual organocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Gambhir
- Prof. Ravi P. Singh, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Prof. Ravi P. Singh, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
| | - Ravi P Singh
- Prof. Ravi P. Singh, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
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11
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Midya A, Khalse LD, Ghorai P. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Intramolecular Michael Addition by In Situ Generated Aminoisobenzofulvenes: Construction of Spiro Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301563. [PMID: 37545475 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented enantioselective organocatalytic spirocyclization strategy is presented by in situ generation of aminoisobezofulvenes. The reaction sequence involves a reductive Michael/aldol-condensation/Michael addition cascade by iminium-enamine catalysis. The key success of this spirocyclization was the formation of intermediatory nucleophilic aminoisobenzofuvenes accountable for intramolecular Michael addition. Benzospirononanes featuring an all carbon qauternary spirocenter were obtained using proline-derived amino-organocatalyst in moderate to good yields and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr, and 99 % ee). Post-methodological manipulation of benzospirononanes was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Midya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Laxman Devidas Khalse
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
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12
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Bormann N, Ward JS, Bergmann AK, Wenz P, Rissanen K, Gong Y, Hatz WB, Burbaum A, Mulks FF. Diiminium Nucleophile Adducts Are Stable and Convenient Strong Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302089. [PMID: 37427889 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Strong Lewis acids are essential tools for manifold chemical procedures, but their scalable deployment is limited by their costs and safety concerns. We report a scalable, convenient, and inexpensive synthesis of stable diiminium-based reagents with a Lewis acidic carbon centre. Coordination with pyridine donors stabilises these centres; the 2,2'-bipyridine adduct shows a chelation effect at carbon. Due to high fluoride, hydride, and oxide affinities, the diiminium pyridine adducts are promising soft and hard Lewis acids. They effectively produce acylpyridinium salts from carboxylates that can acylate amines to give amides and imides even from electronically intractable coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Bormann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jas S Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ann Kathrin Bergmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paula Wenz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf-Benedikt Hatz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Burbaum
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Zhang K, Carmo C, Deiana L, Grape ES, Inge AK, Córdova A. Sugar-Assisted Kinetic Resolutions in Metal/Chiral Amine Co-Catalyzed α-Allylations and [4+2] Cycloadditions: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Sugar and Chromane Derivatives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301725. [PMID: 37402648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized triose-, furanose and chromane-derivatives were synthesized by the titled reactions. The sugar-assisted kinetic resolution/C-C bond-forming cascade processes generate a functionalized sugar derivative with a quaternary stereocenter in a highly enantioselective fashion (up to >99 % ee) by using a simple combination of metal and chiral amine co-catalysts. Notably, the interplay between the chiral sugar substrate and the chiral amino acid derivative allowed for the construction of a functionalized sugar product with high enantioselectivity (up to 99 %) also when using a combination of racemic amine catalyst (0 % ee) and metal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiheng Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85179, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Chrislaura Carmo
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85179, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Luca Deiana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85179, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Erik Svensson Grape
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10 691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Ken Inge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10 691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85179, Sundsvall, Sweden
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14
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Abstract
The application of mechanistic generalizations is at the core of chemical reaction development and application. These strategies are rooted in physical organic chemistry where mechanistic understandings can be derived from one reaction and applied to explain another. Over time these techniques have evolved from rationalizing observed outcomes to leading experimental design through reaction prediction. In parallel, significant progression in asymmetric organocatalysis has expanded the reach of chiral transfer to new reactions with increased efficiency. However, the complex and diverse catalyst structures applied in this arena have rendered the generalization of asymmetric catalytic processes to be exceptionally challenging. Recognizing this, a portion of our research has been focused on understanding the transferability of chemical observations between similar reactions and exploiting this phenomenon as a platform for prediction. Through these experiences, we have relied on a working knowledge of reaction mechanism to guide the development and application of our models which have been advanced from simple qualitative rules to large statistical models for quantitative predictions. In this feature article, we describe the models acquired to generalize organocatalytic reaction mechanisms and demonstrate their use as a powerful approach for accelerating enantioselective synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene P Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Isaiah O Betinol
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Yutao Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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15
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Parsons LWT, Berben LA. Metallated dihydropyridinates: prospects in hydride transfer and (electro)catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8234-8248. [PMID: 37564402 PMCID: PMC10411630 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02080k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydride transfer (HT) is a fundamental step in a wide range of reaction pathways, including those mediated by dihydropyridinates (DHP-s). Coordination of ions directly to the pyridine ring or functional groups stemming therefrom, provides a powerful approach for influencing the electronic structure and in turn HT chemistry. Much of the work in this area is inspired by the chemistry of bioinorganic systems including NADH. Coordination of metal ions to pyridines lowers the electron density in the pyridine ring and lowers the reduction potential: lower-energy reactions and enhanced selectivity are two outcomes from these modifications. Herein, we discuss approaches for the preparation of DHP-metal complexes and selected examples of their reactivity. We suggest further areas in which these metallated DHP-s could be developed and applied in synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo W T Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Louise A Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
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16
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Garg Y, Osborne J, Vasylevskyi S, Velmurugan N, Tanaka F. 1,3-Diamine-Derived Catalysts: Design, Synthesis, and the Use in Enantioselective Mannich Reactions of Ketones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11096-11101. [PMID: 37460110 PMCID: PMC10407930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Diamine-derived catalysts were designed, synthesized, and used in asymmetric Mannich reactions of ketones. The reactions catalyzed by one of the 1,3-diamine derivatives in the presence of acids afforded the Mannich products with high enantioselectivities under mild conditions. In most cases, bond formation occurred at the less-substituted α-position of the ketone carbonyl group. Our results indicate that the primary and the tertiary amines of the 1,3-diamine derivative cooperatively act for the catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Garg
- Chemistry
and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa
Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - James Osborne
- Chemistry
and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa
Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Research
Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science
and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Nivedha Velmurugan
- Chemistry
and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa
Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry
and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa
Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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17
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Mehta MM, Gonzalez JAM, Bachman JL, Garg NK. Cyclic Allene Approach to the Manzamine Alkaloid Keramaphidin B. Org Lett 2023; 25:5553-5557. [PMID: 37387644 PMCID: PMC10460088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach to the core of the manzamine alkaloid keramaphidin B that relies on the strain-promoted cycloaddition of an azacyclic allene with a pyrone trapping partner. The cycloaddition is tolerant of nitrile and primary amide functional groups and can be complemented with a subsequent retro-Diels-Alder step. These efforts demonstrate that strained cyclic allenes can be used to build significant structural complexity and should encourage further studies of these fleeting intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milauni M Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jordan A M Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - James L Bachman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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18
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Biswas A. Aromatic C-H bond functionalization through organocatalyzed asymmetric intermolecular aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction: a recent update. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:956-981. [PMID: 37404800 PMCID: PMC10315893 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction allows an efficient coupling of electron-rich aromatic systems with imines for the facile incorporation of aminoalkyl groups into the aromatic ring. This reaction has a great scope of forming aza-stereocenters which can be tuned by different asymmetric catalysts. This review assembles recent advances in asymmetric aza-Friedel-Crafts reactions mediated by organocatalysts. The mechanistic interpretation with the origin of stereoselectivity is also explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Hooghly Women’s College, Vivekananda Road, Pipulpati, Hooghly - 712103, WB, India
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19
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Murray J, Hodgson DRW, O’Donoghue AC. Going Full Circle with Organocatalysis and Biocatalysis: The Latent Potential of Cofactor Mimics in Asymmetric Synthesis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:7619-7629. [PMID: 37126859 PMCID: PMC10278144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many enzymes work in tandem with small molecule cofactors, which have inspired organocatalyst designs. Chemical modification of cofactor scaffolds has increased organocatalytic reactivity and reaction scope. This synopsis presents a selection of recent advances in the use of cofactors (native and mimics) in organocatalysis and biocatalysis. We aim to highlight the benefits of combining fundamental knowledge gained in both bio- and organo-catalysis for asymmetric biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1
3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - David R. W. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1
3LE, United
Kingdom
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20
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Yavari I, Mohsenzadeh R, Ravaghi P, Safaei M. Synthesis of pyrrolidin-2-ylidenes and pyrrol-2-ylidenes via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of H-bond-assisted azomethine ylides to nitrostyrenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37309553 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bond-assisted azomethine ylides, generated from 2-(benzylamino)-2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene)acetonitriles, undergo a formal Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with β-bromo-β-nitrostyrenes to afford a diastereoselective synthesis of highly substituted pyrrolidin-2-ylidene derivatives. When β-nitrostyrenes were used as the alkene component, 2-(4,5-diaryl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-diones were obtained. Efficient conversion of pyrrolidene-2-ylidenes to the corresponding pyrrol-2-ylidenes takes place in refluxing 1-propanol in the presence of excess Et3N. Also, the structure of the pyrrolidene-2-ylidene derivative was determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Mohsenzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Ravaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Safaei
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Reddy GS, Corey EJ. Synthesis of Tetracyclic C2-Symmetric Ketiminium Salts and Evaluation as Catalysts for Epoxidation. Org Lett 2023; 25:3539-3542. [PMID: 37140440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Short synthetic routes to the nonplanar tetracyclic ketiminium salt A and two close analogs are described. These are helical nonplanar structures as shown by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sudhakar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - E J Corey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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22
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Yeo HM, Kim TH. Chiral Proline Amide‐Isothiouronium Salt Spaced with Diamine as an Efficient Bifunctional Organocatalyst for Enantioselective α‐Hydrazination of Aldehydes. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Min Yeo
- School of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Take Hyeon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
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23
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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Chen P, Zhang W, Gao Q. Roughness-Dependent Electro-Reductive Coupling of Nitrobenzenes and Aldehydes on Copper Electrodes. ChemSusChem 2023:e202300180. [PMID: 36988187 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The electro-reductive coupling of nitro and carbonyl compounds enables a facile, environmentally friendly and energy benign transformation toward value-added nitrones or imines, but the selectivity is still challenging. Here, the surface roughness of Cu electrodes is introduced for the first time as the determinant to switch products from nitrones to imines owing to the controllable reduction of nitroarenes to hydroxylamines or amines on tailored CuI /Cu0 interfaces. The roughness-dependent selectivity, that is the decrease of nitrones and the increase of imines with enhanced roughness, is visible in the electro-reductive coupling of nitrobenzene and furfural. Thus, the high selectivity of nitrone (98 %) and imine (80 %) can be achieved on a surface smooth Cu foil and the one electrochemically roughened in the presence of I- , respectively. Such roughness-dependence of nitrone/imine selectivity on Cu electrodes is further verified in a wide substrate scope, highlighting the promise of surface/interfacial engineering for electrochemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjian Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qingsheng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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24
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Hu W, Xiang J, Zhou Q, Gao X. Harnessing Protonated 2,2'-Bipyridinium Salts as Powerful Brønsted Acid Catalysts in Organic Reactions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4066-4076. [PMID: 36989420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
It is the first time that the readily available protonated 2,2'-bipyridinium salts are used as Brønsted acid catalysts to accelerate a series of organic transformations that included the hydration of aromatic alkynes, etherification of alcohols, cyclotrimerization of aliphatic aldehydes, Ritter reaction, Mannich reaction, Biginelli reaction, preparation of substituted alkenes from alcohols, synthesis of spirooxindole, bisindolylmethane, and noncyclized tetraketone with good to excellent yields. These results strongly suggest that there exists enormous potentiality in the development of the protonated 2,2'-bipyridinium catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiaqi Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
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25
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Tahir MN, Ali A, Khalid M, Ashfaq M, Naveed M, Murtaza S, Shafiq I, Asghar MA, Orfali R, Perveen S. Efficient Synthesis of Imine-Carboxylic Acid Functionalized Compounds: Single Crystal, Hirshfeld Surface and Quantum Chemical Exploration. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072967. [PMID: 37049730 PMCID: PMC10096040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two aminobenzoic acid based crystalline imines (HMBA and DHBA) were synthesized through a condensation reaction of 4-aminobenzoic acid and substituted benzaldehydes. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed for the determination of structures of prepared Schiff bases. The stability of super molecular structures of both molecules was achieved by intramolecular H-bonding accompanied by strong, as well as comparatively weak, intermolecular attractive forces. The comparative analysis of the non-covalent forces in HMBA and DHBA was performed by Hirshfeld surface analysis and an interaction energy study between the molecular pairs. Along with the synthesis, quantum chemical calculations were also accomplished at M06/6-311G (d, p) functional of density functional theory (DFT). The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), natural bond orbitals (NBOs), global reactivity parameters (GRPs) and natural population (NPA) analyses were also carried out. The findings of FMOs found that Egap for HMBA was examined to be smaller (3.477 eV) than that of DHBA (3.7933 eV), which indicated a greater charge transference rate in HMBA. Further, the NBO analysis showed the efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), as studied by Hirshfeld surface analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Naveed
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Murtaza
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
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26
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Li YL, Yu N, He KC, Zhou YQ, Zheng WH, Jiang K, Wei Y. Skeletal Transformation of Oxindoles into Quinolinones Enabled by Synergistic Copper/Iminium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4863-4874. [PMID: 36946256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe a synergistic Cu/secondary amine catalysis for skeletal transformation of an oxindole core into a quinolinone skeleton, which generates several structurally new pyridine-fused quinolinones. The synergistic reactions allow expansion of a five-membered lactam ring by radical cation-triggered C-C bond cleavage and enable a further intramolecular cyclization with the aim to construct totally distinct core skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ning Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kui-Cheng He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei-Hao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ye Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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27
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Spitzbarth B, Eelkema R. On-Demand Release of Secondary Amine Bases for the Activation of Catalysts and Crosslinkers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203028. [PMID: 36541271 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent (DCv) ureas have been used abundantly to design self-healing materials. We demonstrate that apart from self-healing materials, the species present in the equilibrium of DCv ureas can be employed as responsive organocatalysts. Easily controllable stimuli like heat or addition of water shift the equilibrium towards isocyanate and free base which can function as an in situ released reagent. We demonstrate this application of DCv ureas with two examples. Firstly, we use the liberated base to catalytically activate a latent organocatalyst for acylhydrazone formation. Secondly, this base can be employed in an equimolar manner to trigger the release of nitrile-N-oxides from chlorooximes, which react with acrylate-terminated polymers to form an isoxazoline polymer gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Spitzbarth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft (The, Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft (The, Netherlands
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28
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Tanaka M, Kamiyama S, Ishii A, Nakata N. 2-[2,6-Diisopropylphenyl]-4-phenyl-5H-5,9b[1′,2′]-benzonaphtho[1,2-b]pyrrol-2-ium Tetrafluoroborate. Molbank 2023; 2023:M1601. [DOI: 10.3390/m1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel α,β-unsaturated iminium salt (3) incorporated into a rigid dibenzobarrelene backbone was synthesized by heating N-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-2,6-diisopropylaniline (2) and 3-phenyl-2-propynal in THF in the presence of excess amounts of magnesium sulfate and 0.5 equivalents of an HBF4-Et2O complex. The molecular structure of 3 was characterized unambiguously by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analyses. Compound 3 exhibits yellow luminescence in CH2Cl2 (λem = 516 nm) and in the solid state (λem = 517 nm) with relatively high to moderate quantum yields (ΦF(CH2Cl2) = 0.63; ΦF(solid) = 0.34).
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29
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Liu Y, Diao H, Hong G, Edward J, Zhang T, Yang G, Yang BM, Zhao Y. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Borrowing Hydrogen Annulation of Racemic 1,4-Diols with Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5007-5016. [PMID: 36802615 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We present an enantioconvergent access to chiral N-heterocycles directly from simple racemic diols and primary amines, through a highly economical borrowing hydrogen annulation. The identification of a chiral amine-derived iridacycle catalyst was the key for achieving high efficiency and enantioselectivity in the one-step construction of two C-N bonds. This catalytic method enabled a rapid access to a wide range of diversely substituted enantioenriched pyrrolidines including key precursors to valuable drugs such as aticaprant and MSC 2530818.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Huanlin Diao
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Guorong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jonathan Edward
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bin-Miao Yang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yu Zhao
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Republic of Singapore
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30
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Ge Y, Shao Y, Wu S, Liu P, Li J, Qin H, Zhang Y, Xue XS, Chen Y. Distal Amidoketone Synthesis Enabled by Dimethyl Benziodoxoles via Dual Copper/Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yingbo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Junzhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hanzhang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-song Xue
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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31
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Zeng K, Mei R, Dechert S, Ackermann L, Zhang K. A recyclable stereoauxiliary aminocatalyzed strategy for one-pot synthesis of indolizine-2-carbaldehydes. Commun Chem 2023; 6:40. [PMID: 36823457 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Indolizine-carbaldehydes with the easily modifiable carbaldehyde group are important synthetic targets as versatile precursors for distinct indolizines. However, the efficient one-pot construction of trisubstituted indolizine-2-carbaldehydes represents a long-standing challenge. Herein, we report an unprecedented recyclable stereoauxiliary aminocatalytic approach via aminosugars derived from biomass, which enable the efficient one-pot synthesis of desired trisubstituted indolizine-2-carbaldehydes via [3+2] annulations of acyl pyridines and α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. Compared to the steric shielding effect from α-anomer, a stereoauxiliary effect favored by β-anomer of D-glucosamine is supported by control experiments. Furthermore, polymeric chitosan containing predominantly β-D-anhydroglucosamine units also shows excellent catalytic performance in aqueous solutions for the conversion of various substrates, large-scale synthesis and catalytic cycling experiments. Thus, our approach advances the existing methodologies by providing a rich library of indolizine-2-aldehydes. In addition, it delivers an efficient protocol for a set of late-stage diversification and targeted modifications of bioactive molecules or drugs, as showcased with 1,2,3-trisubstituted indolizine-2-carbaldehydes.
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32
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Alimohammadzadeh R, Sanhueza I, Córdova A. Design and fabrication of superhydrophobic cellulose nanocrystal films by combination of self-assembly and organocatalysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3157. [PMID: 36823204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals, which have unique properties of high aspect ratio, high surface area, high mechanical strength, and a liquid crystalline nature, constitute a renewable nanomaterial with great potential for several uses (e.g., composites, films and barriers). However, their intrinsic hydrophilicity results in materials that are moisture sensitive and exhibit poor water stability. This limits their use and competitiveness as a sustainable alternative against fossil-based materials/plastics in packaging, food storage, construction and materials application, which cause contamination in our oceans and environment. To make cellulose nanocrystal films superhydrophobic, toxic chemicals such as fluorocarbons are typically attached to their surfaces. Hence, there is a pressing need for environmentally friendly alternatives for their modification and acquiring this important surface property. Herein, we describe the novel creation of superhydrophobic, fluorocarbon-free and transparent cellulose nanocrystal films with functional groups by a bioinspired combination of self-assembly and organocatalytic surface modification at the nanoscale using food approved organic acid catalysts. The resulting film-surface is superhydrophobic (water contact angle > 150°) and has self-cleaning properties (the lotus effect). In addition, the superhydrophobic cellulose nanocrystal films have excellent water stability and significantly decreased oxygen permeability at high relative humidity with oxygen transmission rates better than those of commonly used plastics.
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33
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Zhang XX, Gao Y, Zhang YX, Zhou J, Yu JS. Highly Enantioselective Construction of Multifunctional Silicon-Stereogenic Silacycles by Asymmetric Enamine Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217724. [PMID: 36625565 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the first highly enantioselective construction of silicon-stereocenters by asymmetric enamine catalysis. An unprecedented desymmetric intramolecular aldolization of prochiral siladials was thus developed for the facile access of multifunctional silicon-stereogenic silacycles in high to excellent enantioselectivity. With an enal moiety, these adducts could be readily elaborated for the diverse synthesis of silicon-stereogenic compounds, and for late-stage modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yan-Xue Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
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34
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Adili A, Webster JP, Zhao C, Mallojjala SC, Romero-Reyes MA, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Vetticatt MJ, Seidel D. Mechanism of a Dually Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxa-Pictet-Spengler Reaction and the Development of a Stereodivergent Variant. ACS Catal 2023; 13:2240-2249. [PMID: 37711191 PMCID: PMC10501388 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective oxa-Pictet-Spengler reactions of tryptophol with aldehydes proceed under weakly acidic conditions utilizing a combination of two catalysts, an indoline HCl salt and a bisthiourea compound. Mechanistic investigations revealed the roles of both catalysts and confirmed the involvement of oxocarbenium ion intermediates, ruling out alternative scenarios. A stereochemical model was derived from density functional theory calculations, which provided the basis for the development of a highly enantioselective stereodivergent variant with racemic tryptophol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alafate Adili
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John-Paul Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Chenfei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | | | - Moises A Romero-Reyes
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Center for NMR Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Center for X-ray Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mathew J Vetticatt
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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35
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Lonardi G, Parolin R, Licini G, Orlandi M. Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216649. [PMID: 36757599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective reduction reactions are privileged transformations for the construction of trisubstituted stereogenic centers. While these include established synthetic strategies, such as asymmetric hydrogenation, methods based on the enantioselective addition of hydridic reagents to electrophilic prochiral substrates have also gained importance. In this context, the asymmetric conjugate reduction (ACR) of α,β-unsaturated compounds has become a convenient approach for the synthesis of chiral compounds with trisubstituted stereocenters in α-, β-, or γ-position to electron-withdrawing functional groups. Because such activating groups are diverse and amenable of further derivatizations, ACRs provide a general and powerful synthetic entry towards a variety of valuable chiral building blocks. This Review provides a comprehensive collection of catalytic ACR methods involving transition-metal, organic, and enzymatic catalysis since its first versions dating back to the late 1970s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lonardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Parolin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Orlandi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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36
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Némethová V, Krištofíková D, Mečiarová M, Šebesta R. Asymmetric Organocatalysis Under Mechanochemical Conditions. CHEM REC 2023:e202200283. [PMID: 36703542 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric organocatalysis is a robust methodology providing access to numerous valuable compounds while having green chemistry principles in mind. The realization of organocatalytic transformation under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions brings additional benefits in terms of yields, selectivities, and, last but not least overall improved sustainability. This overview describes developments in the use of mechanochemistry as a vehicle for asymmetric organocatalytic transformations. The material is organized according to main catalytic activation modes, starting with covalent activation and proceeding to non-covalent activation modes. The advantages of mechanochemical organocatalytic reactions are particularly highlighted, but in some cases also, limitations are mentioned. Possibilities for target compound synthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Némethová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Krištofíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mečiarová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
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37
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Zhang M, Yu S, Hua R, Zhang D, Qiu H, Hu W. Copper-catalyzed multicomponent assembly of γ-butenolides via the interception of carbonyl ylides with iminium ions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:783-788. [PMID: 36594521 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A Cu(I)-catalyzed three-component reaction of cyclopropenes, enamines and aldehydes has been realized. This reaction proceeds via the interception of carbonyl oxonium ylide intermediates with α, β-unsaturated iminium ions that are in situ generated from enamines and aldehydes under the catalysis of Cu(MeCN)4PF6, leading to the desired γ-butenolide derivatives in good yields and with moderate diastereoselectivities. Access to these derivatives with tethered ketone and alkynal groups will expand the structural diversity of multi-substituted butenolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Sifan Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ruyu Hua
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) combine at least three reactants to afford the desired product in a highly atom-economic way and are therefore viewed as efficient one-pot combinatorial synthesis tools allowing one to significantly boost molecular complexity and diversity. Nowadays, MCRs are no longer confined to organic synthesis and have found applications in materials chemistry. In particular, MCRs can be used to prepare covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are crystalline porous materials assembled from organic monomers and exhibit a broad range of properties and applications. This synthetic approach retains the advantages of small-molecule MCRs, not only strengthening the skeletal robustness of COFs, but also providing additional driving forces for their crystallization, and has been used to prepare a series of robust COFs with diverse applications. The present perspective article provides the general background for MCRs, discusses the types of MCRs employed for COF synthesis to date, and addresses the related critical challenges and future perspectives to inspire the MCR-based design of new robust COFs and promote further progress in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Le-Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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40
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Biswas A. Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Pictet‐Spengler Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Biswas
- Departmentof Chemistry Hooghly Women's College Vivekanada Road, Pipulpati Hooghly 712102 India
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41
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Morofuji T, Nagai S, Watanabe A, Inagawa K, Kano N. Streptocyanine as an activation mode of amine catalysis for the conversion of pyridine rings to benzene rings. Chem Sci 2023; 14:485-490. [PMID: 36741523 PMCID: PMC9847661 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amine catalysts have emerged as an invaluable tool in organic synthesis. Iminium, enamine, and enamine radical cation species are representative activation modes of amine catalysis. However, the development of new amine catalysis activation modes that enable novel synthetic strategies remains highly desirable. Herein, we report streptocyanine as a new amine catalysis activation mode, which enables the skeletal editing of pyridine rings to benzene rings. N-Arylation of pyridines bearing an alkenyl substituent at the 3-position generates the corresponding N-arylpyridiniums. The resulting pyridinum reacts with a catalytic amount of piperidine to afford a streptocyanine intermediate. Catalytically generated streptocyanine forms a benzene ring via a ring-closing reaction, thereby releasing the amine catalyst. Consequently, the alkene moiety in the starting pyridines is incorporated into the benzene ring of the products. Pyridiniums bearing various alkene moieties were efficiently converted to formyl-substituted benzene derivatives. Mechanistic studies support the postulation that the present catalytic process was intermediated by streptocyanine. In this reaction system, streptocyanine could be regarded as a new activation mode of amine catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Morofuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University1-5-1 MejiroToshima-kuTokyo 171-8588Japan
| | - Shota Nagai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University1-5-1 MejiroToshima-kuTokyo 171-8588Japan
| | - Airi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University1-5-1 MejiroToshima-kuTokyo 171-8588Japan
| | - Kota Inagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University1-5-1 MejiroToshima-kuTokyo 171-8588Japan
| | - Naokazu Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University1-5-1 MejiroToshima-kuTokyo 171-8588Japan
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42
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Qiao J, Wang S, Liu X, Feng X. Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Donor-Acceptor Aziridines and Imines to Construct 2,5-trans-Imidazolidines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203757. [PMID: 36602265 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective [3+2] cycloaddition of donor-acceptor aziridines with N-aryl protected imines was developed with a Ni(ClO4 )2 ⋅ 6H2 O/N,N'-dioxide catalyst system, providing a broad range of chiral trans-substituted imidazolidine compounds with good yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % yield, up to 98 % ee). Control experiments indicated that the products could offer excellent diastereoselectivities with the control of chiral Ni(II)-N,N'-dioxide complex and the interaction of the substrates. The possible catalytic process was proposed to rationalize the stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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43
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Ofori Atta L, Zhou Z, Roelfes G. In Vivo Biocatalytic Cascades Featuring an Artificial-Enzyme-Catalysed New-to-Nature Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214191. [PMID: 36342952 PMCID: PMC10100225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Artificial enzymes utilizing the genetically encoded non-proteinogenic amino acid p-aminophenylalanine (pAF) as a catalytic residue are able to react with carbonyl compounds through an iminium ion mechanism to promote reactions that have no equivalent in nature. Herein, we report an in vivo biocatalytic cascade that is augmented with such an artificial enzyme-catalysed new-to-nature reaction. The artificial enzyme in this study is a pAF-containing evolved variant of the lactococcal multidrug-resistance regulator, designated LmrR_V15pAF_RMH, which efficiently converts benzaldehyde derivatives produced in vivo into the corresponding hydrazone products inside E. coli cells. These in vivo biocatalytic cascades comprising an artificial-enzyme-catalysed reaction are an important step towards achieving a hybrid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ofori Atta
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Current address: School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Reyes E, Prieto L, Milelli A. Asymmetric Organocatalysis: A Survival Guide to Medicinal Chemists. Molecules 2022; 28:271. [PMID: 36615465 PMCID: PMC9822454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Majority of drugs act by interacting with chiral counterparts, e.g., proteins, and we are, unfortunately, well-aware of how chirality can negatively impact the outcome of a therapeutic regime. The number of chiral, non-racemic drugs on the market is increasing, and it is becoming ever more important to prepare these compounds in a safe, economic, and environmentally sustainable fashion. Asymmetric organocatalysis has a long history, but it began its renaissance era only during the first years of the millennium. Since then, this field has reached an extraordinary level, as confirmed by the awarding of the 2021 Chemistry Nobel Prize. In the present review, we wish to highlight the application of organocatalysis in the synthesis of enantio-enriched molecules that may be of interest to the pharmaceutical industry and the medicinal chemistry community. We aim to discuss the different activation modes observed for organocatalysts, examining, for each of them, the generally accepted mechanisms and the most important and developed reactions, that may be useful to medicinal chemists. For each of these types of organocatalytic activations, select examples from academic and industrial applications will be disclosed during the synthesis of drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Reyes
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Liher Prieto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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45
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Hu CH, Li Y. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylation of α-Oxo Carboxylic Acids to C1-Deuterated Aldehydes and Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6401-6406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Hu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
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46
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Guo Y, Wu L, Qiu FG. Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Formal [4 + 2] Cyclization of Nitroalkenes and Unsaturated Ketoesters under Phase-Transfer Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:8370-8374. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Guo
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linping Wu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fayang G. Qiu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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47
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Corti V, Bartolomei B, Mamone M, Gentile G, Prato M, Filippini G. Amine-Rich Carbon Dots as Novel Nano-Aminocatalytic Platforms in Organic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2022; 2022:e202200879. [PMID: 36632560 PMCID: PMC9826489 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel and effective metal-free catalytic systems, which can drive value-added organic transformations in environmentally benign solvents (for instance, water), is highly desirable. Moreover, these new catalysts need to be harmless, easy-to-prepare, and potentially recyclable. In this context, amine-rich carbon dots (CDs) have recently emerged as promising nano-catalytic platforms. These nitrogen-doped nanoparticles, which show dimensions smaller than 10 nm, generally consist of carbon cores that are surrounded by shells containing numerous amino groups. In recent years, organic chemists have used these surface amines to guide the design of several synthetic methodologies under mild operative conditions. This Concept highlights the recent advances in the synthesis of amine-rich carbon dots and their applications in organic catalysis, including forward-looking opportunities within this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Corti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Beatrice Bartolomei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Martina Mamone
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Giuseppe Gentile
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly,Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Paseo de Miramón 19420014Donostia San SebastiánSpain,Basque Fdn SciIkerbasque48013BilbaoSpain
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
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McErlain H, McLean EB, Morgan TEF, Burianova VK, Tavares AAS, Sutherland A. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of SynVesT-1, a Synaptic Density Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agent. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14443-14451. [PMID: 36222243 PMCID: PMC9639009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic nonacetamide ligands are used as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents of the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), with potential applications in the diagnosis of various neuropsychiatric diseases. To date, the main synthetic strategy to access these optically active compounds has involved the racemic synthesis of a late-stage intermediate followed by the separation of the enantiomers. Here, we describe the use of iminium organocatalysis for the asymmetric synthesis of SynVesT-1, an important PET imaging agent of SV2A. The key step involved the conjugate addition of nitromethane with a cinnamaldehyde in the presence of the Jørgensen-Hayashi catalyst using the Merck dual acid cocatalyst system. Pinnick-type oxidation and esterification of the adduct was then followed by chemoselective nitro group reduction and cyclization using nickel borate. N-Alkylation of the resulting lactam then completed the seven-step synthesis of SynVesT-1. This approach was amenable for the synthesis of an organotin analogue, which following copper(II)-mediated fluoro-destannylation allowed rapid access to [18F]SynVesT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly McErlain
- School
of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Euan B. McLean
- School
of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Timaeus E. F. Morgan
- BHF-University
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University
of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Valeria K. Burianova
- School
of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Adriana A. S. Tavares
- BHF-University
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University
of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- School
of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,
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49
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Girvin ZC, Cotter LF, Yoon H, Chapman SJ, Mayer JM, Yoon TP, Miller SJ. Asymmetric Photochemical [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Acyclic Vinylpyridines through Ternary Complex Formation and an Uncontrolled Sensitization Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20109-20117. [PMID: 36264837 PMCID: PMC9633457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereochemical control of photochemical reactions that occur via triplet energy transfer remains a challenge. Suppressing off-catalyst stereorandom reactivity is difficult for highly reactive open-shell intermediates. Strategies for suppressing racemate-producing, off-catalyst pathways have long focused on formation of ground state, substrate-catalyst chiral complexes that are primed for triplet energy transfer via a photocatalyst in contrast to their off-catalyst counterparts. Herein, we describe a strategy where both a chiral catalyst-associated vinylpyridine and a nonassociated, free vinylpyridine substrate can be sensitized by an Ir(III) photocatalyst, yet high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity in a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition are achieved through a preferred, highly organized transition state. This mechanistic paradigm is distinct from, yet complementary to current approaches for achieving high levels of stereocontrol in photochemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebediah C. Girvin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Laura F. Cotter
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Hyung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Steven J. Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - James M. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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50
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Tanaka F. Amines as Catalysts: Dynamic Features and Kinetic Control of Catalytic Asymmetric Chemical Transformations to Form C-C Bonds and Complex Molecules. CHEM REC 2022:e202200207. [PMID: 36202628 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl transformations involving enolates and/or enamines have been used for various types of bond-forming reactions. In this account, catalysts and catalyst systems that have amino acids or primary, secondary, and/or tertiary amines as key catalytic functional groups that we have developed to accelerate chemical transformations, including regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective reactions, are discussed. Our chemical transformation strategies and methods that use amine derivatives as catalysts are also discussed. As amines can have different functions depending on protonation and on the species formed during the catalysis (such as enamines and iminium ions), dynamics and kinetic controls are the keys for understanding the catalysis. Further, strategies that harness dynamic steps and kinetic control in amine-catalyzed reactions have enabled the synthesis of complex molecules in stereocontrolled manners. Understanding the dynamic features and the kinetic controls of the catalysis will further the design of the catalysts and the development of chemical transformation strategies and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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