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Lehmusto J, Tesfaye F, Karlström O, Hupa L. Ashes from challenging fuels in the circular economy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:211-231. [PMID: 38342059 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In line with the objectives of the circular economy, the conversion of waste streams to useful and valuable side streams is a central goal. Ash represents one of the main industrial side-products, and using ashes in other than the present landfilling applications is, therefore, a high priority. This paper reviews the properties and utilization of ashes of different biomass power plants and waste incinerations, with a focus on the past decade. Possibilities for ash utilization are of uttermost importance in terms of circular economy and disposal of landfills. However, considering its applicability, ash originating from the heat treatment of chemically complex fuels, such as biomass and waste poses several challenges such as high heavy metal content and the presence of toxic and/or corrosive species. Furthermore, the physical properties of the ash might limit its usability. Nevertheless, numerous studies addressing the utilization possibilities of challenging ash in various applications have been carried out over the past decade. This review, with over 300 references, surveys the field of research, focusing on the utilization of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) ashes. Also, metal and phosphorus recovery from different ashes is addressed. It can be concluded that the key beneficial properties of the ash types addressed in this review are based on their i) alkaline nature suitable for neutralization reactions, ii) high adsorption capabilities to be used in CO2 capture and waste treatment, and iii) large surface area and appropriate chemical composition for the catalyst industry. Especially, ashes rich in Al2O3 and SiO2 have proven to be promising alternative catalysts in various industrial processes and as precursors for synthetic zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Lehmusto
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Fiseha Tesfaye
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Oskar Karlström
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland; Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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2
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Facile fabrication of oxygen-doped carbon nitride with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation of methyl mercaptan. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Song H, Xu L, Chen M, Cui Y, Wu CE, Qiu J, Xu L, Cheng G, Hu X. Recent progresses in the synthesis of MnO 2 nanowire and its application in environmental catalysis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35494-35513. [PMID: 35493136 PMCID: PMC9043261 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06497e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured MnO2 with various morphologies exhibits excellent performance in environmental catalysis owing to its large specific surface area, low density, and adjustable chemical properties. The one-dimensional MnO2 nanowire has been proved to be the dominant morphology among various nanostructures, such as nanorods, nanofibers, nanoflowers, etc. The syntheses and applications of MnO2-based nanowires also have become a research hotspot in environmental catalytic materials over the last two decades. With the continuous deepening of the research, the control of morphology and crystal facet exposure in the synthesis of MnO2 nanowire materials have gradually matured, and the catalytic performance also has been greatly improved. Differences in the crystalline phase structure, preferably exposed crystal facets, and even the length of the MnO2 nanowires will evidently affect the final catalytic performances. Besides, the modifications by doping or loading will also significantly affect their catalytic performances. This review carefully summarizes the synthesis strategies of MnO2 nanowires developed in recent years as well as the influences of the phase structure, crystal facet, morphology, dopant, and loading amount on the catalytic performance. Besides, the cutting-edge applications of MnO2 nanowires in the field of environmental catalysis, such as CO oxidation, the removal of VOCs, denitrification, etc., have been also summarized. The application of MnO2 nanowire in environmental catalysis is still in the early exploratory stage. The gigantic gap between theoretical investigation and industrial application is still a great challenge. Compared with noble metal based traditional environmental catalytic materials, the lower cost of MnO2 has injected new momentum and promising potential into this research field. This review summarizes the synthesis strategies for MnO2 nanowire and the influences of the phase structure, crystal facet, metal doping, and interface effect on its performance in various environmental catalysis processes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikang Song
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of the Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Leilei Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of the Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Mindong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of the Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Yan Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of the Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Cai-E Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Jiangsu ShuangLiang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd Jiangyin 214400 P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- Jiangsu ShuangLiang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd Jiangyin 214400 P. R. China
| | - Ge Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of the Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P. R. China
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4
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Weeraphan C, Thawornpan P, Thanapongpichat S, Srinoun K, Win Tun A, Srisomsap C, Svasti J, Buncherd H. Application of the Magnetic Fraction of Fly Ash as a Low-Cost Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst for Degrading Ethidium Bromide. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1977313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Churat Weeraphan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kanitta Srinoun
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Aung Win Tun
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hansuk Buncherd
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Medical Science Research and Innovation Institute, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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5
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Promotional Effects of Rare-Earth Praseodymium (Pr) Modification over MCM-41 for Methyl Mercaptan Catalytic Decomposition. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Praseodymium (Pr)-promoted MCM-41 catalyst was investigated for the catalytic decomposition of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH). Various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), were carried out to analyze the physicochemical properties of material. XPS characterization results showed that praseodymium was presented on the modified catalyst in the form of praseodymium oxide species, which can react with coke deposit to prolong the catalytic stability until 120 h. Meanwhile, the strong acid sites were proved to be the main active center over the 10% Pr/MCM-41 catalyst by NH3-TPD results during the catalytic elimination of methyl mercaptan. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed by analyzing the product distribution results. The final products were mainly small-molecule products, such as methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3) was a reaction intermediate during the reaction. Therefore, this work contributes to the understanding of the reaction process of catalytic decomposition methyl mercaptan and the design of anti-carbon deposition catalysts.
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He C, Wang Y, Li Z, Huang Y, Liao Y, Xia D, Lee S. Facet Engineered α-MnO 2 for Efficient Catalytic Ozonation of Odor CH 3SH: Oxygen Vacancy-Induced Active Centers and Catalytic Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12771-12783. [PMID: 32877602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen vacancy in MnO2 is normally proved as the reactive site for the catalytic ozonation, and acquiring a highly reactive crystal facet with abundant oxygen vacancy by facet engineering is advisable for boosting the catalytic activity. In this study, three facet-engineered α-MnO2 was prepared and successfully utilized for catalytic ozonation toward an odorous CH3SH. The as-synthesized 310-MnO2 exhibited superior activity in catalytic ozonation of CH3SH than that of 110-MnO2 and 100-MnO2, which could achieve 100% removal efficiency for 70 ppm of CH3SH within 20 min. The results of XPS, Raman, H2-TPR, and DFT calculation all prove that the (310) facets possess a higher surface energy than other facets can feature the construction of oxygen vacancies, thus facilitating the adsorption and activate O3 into intermediate peroxide species (O2-/O22-) and reactive oxygen species (•O2-/1O2) for eliminating adjacent CH3SH. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS) revealed that the CH3SH molecular was chemisorbed on S atom to form CH3S-, which was further converted into intermediate CH3SO3- and finally oxidized into SO42- and CO32-/CO2 during the process. Attributed to the deep oxidation of CH3SH on 310-MnO2 via efficient cycling of active oxygen vacancies, the lifetime of 310-MnO2 can be extended to 2.5 h with limited loss of activity, while 110-MnO2 and 100-MnO2 were inactivated within 1 h. This study deepens the comprehension of facet-engineering in MnO2 and presents an efficient and portable catalyst to control odorous pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yunchen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiyao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yajing Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuhong Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dehua Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Lu J, Liu J, Zhao Y, He D, Han C, He S, Luo Y. The identification of active chromium species to enhance catalytic behaviors of alumina-based catalysts for sulfur-containing VOC abatement. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121289. [PMID: 31586919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As to the treatment of sulfur containing VOCs (examples are compounds of CH3SH and C2H5SH), finding a catalyst with high performance is necessary. In this work, Cr(x)-Al2O3 (x = 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 wt%) catalysts were synthesized, and their behaviors toward CH3SH and C2H5SH abatement were investigated. The results indicated that Cr(7.5)-Al2O3 exhibited higher activity than other samples and the reported catalysts, on which CH3SH could be almost completely converted at 375 °C, while the temperature for the reported catalysts was above 450 °C. Moreover, there was no obvious deactivation during 30 h on stream over Cr(7.5)-Al2O3, while only about 10 h was found on the reported CeO2 and HZSM-5 catalysts. The improvement in the catalytic performance could be explained by the important role of the Cr6+ species, while the state of Cr3+ was suggested to be ineffective in the degradation process. The identification of the active Cr sites was proved by the characterization measurements, and the control experiments by using mechanical mixtures of CrO3 or Cr2O3 with Al2O3 as well as the comparison studies between spent Al2O3 and spent Cr(7.5)-Al2O3 catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Lu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Jiangping Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Dedong He
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Caiyun Han
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Sufang He
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, PR China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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9
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Yi H, Zhang X, Tang X, Zhao S, Ma C, Han W, Song L. Promotional Effects of Transition Metal Modification over Al
2
O
3
for CH
3
SH Catalytic Oxidation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Yi
- Department of Environmental EngineeringSchool of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Environmental EngineeringSchool of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Environmental EngineeringSchool of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shunzheng Zhao
- Department of Environmental EngineeringSchool of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chuanbo Ma
- Department of Environmental EngineeringSchool of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wen Han
- Department of Environmental EngineeringSchool of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lingling Song
- Department of Environmental EngineeringSchool of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083, PR China
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10
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Stasi E, Giuri A, La Villetta M, Cirillo D, Guerra G, Maffezzoli A, Ferraris E, Esposito Corcione C. Catalytic Activity of Oxidized Carbon Waste Ashes for the Crosslinking of Epoxy Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061011. [PMID: 31181600 PMCID: PMC6631525 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two different fillers were prepared from carbon-based ashes, produced from the wooden biomass of a pyro-gasification plant, and starting from lignocellulosic waste. The first type was obtained by dry ball-milling (DBA), while the second one was prepared by oxidation in H2O2 of the dry ball-milled ashes (oDBA). The characterization of the fillers included wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), thermogravimetric, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The DBA and oDBA fillers were then tested as possible catalysts for the crosslinking reaction of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with a diamine. The cure reaction was studied by means of rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The oDBA filler exhibits both a higher catalytic activity on the epoxide–amine reaction than the DBA sample and improved mechanical properties and glass transition temperature. The results obtained indicate, hence, the potential improvement brought by the addition of carbon-based waste ashes, which allow both increasing the flexural properties and the glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin and reducing the curing time, acting as a catalyst for the crosslinking reaction of the epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Stasi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonella Giuri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Maurizio La Villetta
- C.M.D. Costruzioni Motori Diesel S.p.A., Via Pacinotti, 2, 81020 San Nicola La Strada (CE), Italy.
| | - Domenico Cirillo
- C.M.D. Costruzioni Motori Diesel S.p.A., Via Pacinotti, 2, 81020 San Nicola La Strada (CE), Italy.
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Alfonso Maffezzoli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Ferraris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Campus de Nayer, 2860 KU Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Xia D, Xu W, Wang Y, Yang J, Huang Y, Hu L, He C, Shu D, Leung DYC, Pang Z. Enhanced Performance and Conversion Pathway for Catalytic Ozonation of Methyl Mercaptan on Single-Atom Ag Deposited Three-Dimensional Ordered Mesoporous MnO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13399-13409. [PMID: 30362732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Ag deposited three-dimensional MnO2 porous hollow microspheres (Ag/MnO2 PHMSs) with high dispersion of the atom level Ag species are first prepared by a novel method of redox precipitation. Due to the highly efficient utilization of downsized Ag nanoparticles, the optimal 0.3% Ag/MnO2 PHMSs can completely degrade 70 ppm CH3SH within 600 s, much higher than that of MnO2 PHMSs (79%). Additionally, the catalyst retains long-term stability and can be regenerated to its initial activity through regeneration with ethanol and HCl. The results of characterization of Ag/MnO2 PHMSs and catalytic performance tests clearly demonstrate that the proper amount of Ag incorporation not only facilitates the chemi-adsorption but also induces more formation of vacancy oxygen (Ov) and lattice oxygen (OL) in MnO2 as well as Ag species as activation sites to collectively favor the catalytic ozonation of CH3SH. Ag/MnO2 PHMSs can efficiently transform CH3SH into CH3SAg/CH3S-SCH3 and then oxidize them into SO42- and CO2 as evidenced by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Meanwhile, electron paramagnetic resonance and scavenger tests indicate that •OH and 1O2 are the primary reactive species rather than surface atomic oxygen species contributing to CH3SH removal over Ag/MnO2 PHMSs. This work presents an efficient catalyst of single atom Ag incorporated MnO2 PHMSs to control air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
- South China Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) , Guangzhou 510655 , PR China
| | - Yunchen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Jingling Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Yajing Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Lingling Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Chun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Dong Shu
- Key Lab of Technology on Electrochemical Energy Storage and Power Generation in Guangdong Universities, School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , 510006 , China
| | - Dennis Y C Leung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong
| | - Zhihua Pang
- South China Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) , Guangzhou 510655 , PR China
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Abstract
Biogas produced from biomass is carbon neutral. In fact, the carbon feedstock of biomass is converted into gas phase. Biogas use in high efficient energy systems, such as Solid Oxide Fuel Cells is a viable choice. One of the most important drawbacks for such systems is related to the interaction between trace compounds and anode section. Gas cleaning through physical removal mechanisms is the simplest and cheapest method adopted in the literature. Coupled with this solution, the recovery of waste materials is an efficient application of the circular economy approach. In this work, a physical activation process was investigated experimentally for waste-derived materials at a temperature of 700 °C. The removal of H2S was considered as the most abundant trace compound. Activated biochar showed an adsorption capacity comparable to commercial sorbents, while the performance of ashes are still too poor. An important parameter to be considered is the biogas humidity content that enters in competition with trace compounds that must be removed.
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Fly ash supported NiO as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of xanthene and its molecular docking study against plasmodium glutathione reductase. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Removal of low concentration CH3SH with regenerable Cu-doped mesoporous silica. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 513:903-910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Wu H, Zhu Y, Bian S, Ko JH, Li SFY, Xu Q. H 2S adsorption by municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash with heavy metals immobilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:40-47. [PMID: 29253788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a byproduct of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant, fly ash is becoming a challenge for waste management in recent years. In this study, MSWI fly ash (FA) was evaluated for the potential capacity of odorous gas H2S removal. Results showed that fly ash demonstrated longer breakthrough time and higher H2S capacities than coal fly ash and sandy soil, due to its high content of alkali oxides of metals including heavy metals. H2S adsorption capacities of FA1 and FA2 were 15.89 and 12.59 mg H2S/g, respectively for 750 ppm H2S. The adsorption of H2S on fly ash led to formation of elemental sulfur and metal sulfide. More importantly, the formation of metal sulfide significantly reduced the leachability of heavy metals, such as Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb as shown by TCLP tests. The adsorption isotherms fit well with Langmuir model with the correlation coefficient over 0.99. The adsorption of H2S on fly ash features simultaneous H2S removal and stabilization and heavy metals found in most MSWI fly ash, making fly ash the potential low cost recycled sorbent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Wu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Songwei Bian
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jae Hac Ko
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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16
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Tokura Y, Nakada G, Moriyama Y, Oaki Y, Imai H, Shiratori S. Ultrasensitive Detection of Methylmercaptan Gas Using Layered Manganese Oxide Nanosheets with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12123-12130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tokura
- Center for Material Design Science, School
of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Gentoku Nakada
- Center for Material Design Science, School
of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yukari Moriyama
- Center for Material Design Science, School
of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Center for Material Design Science, School
of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Center for Material Design Science, School
of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Seimei Shiratori
- Center for Material Design Science, School
of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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17
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Zeng J, Hu L, Tan X, He C, He Z, Pan W, Hou Y, Shu D. Elimination of methyl mercaptan in ZVI-S 2 O 8 2− system activated with in-situ generated ferrous ions from zero valent iron. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Sun J, Hu S, Sharma KR, Ni BJ, Yuan Z. Degradation of methanethiol in anaerobic sewers and its correlation with methanogenic activities. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 69:80-89. [PMID: 25437340 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Methanethiol (MT) is considered one of the predominant odorants in sewer systems. Therefore, understanding MT transformation in sewers is essential to sewer odor assessment and abatement. In this study, we investigated the degradation of MT in laboratory anaerobic sewers. Experiments were carried out in seven anaerobic sewer reactors with biofilms at different stages of development. MT degradation was found to be strongly dependent on the methanogenic activity of sewer biofilms. The MT degradation rate accelerated with the increase of methanogenic activity of sewer biofilms, resulting in MT accumulation (i.e. net production) in sewer reactors with relatively low methanogenic activities, and MT removal in reactors with higher methanogenic activities. A Monod-type kinetic expression was developed to describe MT degradation kinetics in anaerobic sewers, in which the maximum degradation rate was modeled as a function of the maximum methane production rate through a power function. It was also found that MT concentration had a linear relationship with acetate concentration, which may be used for preliminary assessment of MT presence in anaerobic sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keshab Raj Sharma
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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19
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Abdouss M, Hazrati N, Miran Beigi AA, Vahid A, Mohammadalizadeh A. Effect of the structure of the support and the aminosilane type on the adsorption of H2S from model gas. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Zhang A, Wang N, Zhou J, Jiang P, Liu G. Heterogeneous Fenton-like catalytic removal of p-nitrophenol in water using acid-activated fly ash. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 201-202:68-73. [PMID: 22169244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of nitric-acid-activated fly ash (AFA), as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for p-nitrophenol (p-NP) removal from water, was investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of AFA were better than those of raw fly ash (RFA). Under experimental conditions of pH 1.5-5.1, H(2)O(2) dosage 83.3-333 mgL(-1), AFA loaded 5.0-20 gL(-1), and temperature 298-348 K, the p-NP removal rate increased with the increase of H(2)O(2) dosage, AFA loaded and temperature. The highest removal rate (98%) was observed at pH 2.0 when H(2)O(2) dosage 166.5 mgL(-1), AFA loaded 10 gL(-1) and temperature 298 K. However, good p-NP removal efficiency (98.8%) could still be achieved under milder pH (5.1) conditions when enough reaction time (14 h) was applied. The leached iron concentration increased with decrease in pH and with increase in reaction time. The homogenous catalysis caused by leached iron was negligible. The less reaction time and higher AFA load could be selected flexibly for catalytic stability and reusability in actual application. The probable heterogeneous catalytic mechanisms were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
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21
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Muthuraman G, Chung SJ, Moon IS. The combined removal of methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide via an electro-reactor process using a low concentration of continuously regenerable Ag(II) active catalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 193:257-263. [PMID: 21840123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an electrocatalytic wet scrubbing process was developed for the simultaneous removal of synthetic odorous gases namely, methyl mercaptan (CH(3)SH) and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S). The initial process consists of the absorption of CH(3)SH and H(2)S gases by an absorbing solution, followed by their mediated electrochemical oxidation using a low concentration of active Ag(II) in 6M HNO(3). Experiments were conducted under different reaction conditions, such as CH(3)SH and H(2)S loadings, active Ag(II) concentrations and molar flow rates. The cyclic voltammetry for the oxidation of CH(3)SH corroborated the electro-reactor results, in that the silver in the 6M HNO(3) reaction solution significantly influences the oxidation of CH(3)SH. At a low active Ag(II) concentration of 0.0012 M, the CH(3)SH removal experiments demonstrated that the CH(3)SH degradation was steady, with 100% removal at a CH(3)SH loading of 5 gm(-3) h(-1). The electro-reactor and cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the removal of H(2)S (100%) follows a mediated electrocatalytic oxidation reaction. The simultaneous removal of 100% of the CH(3)SH and H(2)S was achieved, even with a very low active Ag(II) concentration (0.0012 M), as a result of the high efficiency of the Ag(II). The parallel cyclic voltammetry results demonstrated that a process of simultaneous destruction of both CH(3)SH and H(2)S follows an H(2)S influenced mediated electrocatalytic oxidation. The use of a very low concentration of the Ag(II) mediator during the electro-reactor process is promising for the complete removal of CH(3)SH and H(2)S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindan Muthuraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok Dong, Suncheon 540-742, Chonnam, Republic of Korea
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23
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Joseph JK, Jain SL, Sain B. Covalently Anchored Polymer Immobilized Co(II) Phthalocyanine as Efficient Catalyst for Oxidation of Mercaptans using Molecular Oxygen as Oxidant. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100351s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jomy K. Joseph
- Chemical Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Petroleum (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Dehradun-248005, India
| | - Suman L. Jain
- Chemical Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Petroleum (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Dehradun-248005, India
| | - Bir Sain
- Chemical Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Petroleum (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Dehradun-248005, India
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24
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He C, Li XZ, Sharma VK, Li SY. Elimination of sludge odor by oxidizing sulfur-containing compounds with ferrate(VI). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:5890-5895. [PMID: 19731693 DOI: 10.1021/es900397y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing compounds are one kind of odorant found in sewage treatment works, composting plants, refuse storage and transfer, landfill sites, and associated with various industries. In the present research, the reaction kinetics of ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)O4(-), Fe(VI)) with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), thiosemicarbazide (NH2NHC(S)NH2, TSC), and thiourea dioxide (NH2C(SO2)NH2, TUDO) were studied under alkaline conditions. Stoichiometryof Fe(VI) oxidation with hydrogen sulfide (H2S), TSC, and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) were determined at neutral and alkaline pH (7.0-11.0). Stoichiometric molar ratios ([Fe(VI):[S]) were determined to be 2.5, 2.0, and 4.6 for sulfide, TSC, and CH3SH, respectively, at pH 9.0. TUDO and methyl sulfonic acid (CH3SO3H) were identified to be the main intermediates of TSC and CH3SH reactions with Fe(VI), respectively, at pH 9.0, while sulfate was one of the final products. A reaction scheme is given to explain the intermediates and products formed in the CH3SH degradation by Fe(VI). Experiments were also conducted to evaluate the odor emission of digested sludge from sewage treatment works in terms of chemical concentration and also odor concentration affected by the Fe(VI) dose. The potential of using Fe(VI) to achieve odor control in sludge treatment is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun He
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Kastner JR, Miller J, Kolar P, Das KC. Catalytic ozonation of ammonia using biomass char and wood fly ash. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:739-744. [PMID: 19232426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic ozonation of gaseous ammonia was investigated at room temperature using wood fly ash (WFA) and biomass char as catalysts. WFA gave the best results, removing ammonia (11 ppmv NH(3), 45% conversion) at 23 degrees C at a residence time of 0.34 s, using 5 g of catalyst or ash at the lowest ozone concentration (62 ppmv). Assuming pseudo zero order kinetics in ozone, a power rate law of -r(NH3) = 7.2 x 10(-8) C(NH3)(0.25) (r, mol g(-1)s(-1), C(NH3)molL(-1)) was determined at 510 ppmv O(3) and 23 degrees C for WFA. Water vapor approximately doubled the oxidation rate using WFA and catalytic ozonation activity was not measured for the char without humidifying the air stream. Overall oxidation rates using the crude catalysts were lower than commercial catalysts, but the catalytic ozonation process operated at significantly lower temperatures (23 vs. 300 degrees C). Nitric oxide was not detected and the percentage of NO(2) formed from NH(3) oxidation ranged from 0.3% to 3% (v/v), with WFA resulting in the lowest NO(2) level (at low O(3) levels). However, we could not verify that N(2)O was not formed, so further research is needed to determine if N(2) is the primary end-product. Additional research is required to develop techniques to enhance the oxidation activity and industrial application of the crude, but potentially inexpensive catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Kastner
- Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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26
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27
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Wang S. Application of solid ash based catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:7055-7063. [PMID: 18939526 DOI: 10.1021/es801312m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid wastes, fly ash, and bottom ash are generated from coal and biomass combustion. Fly ash is mainly composed of various metal oxides and possesses higher thermal stability. Utilization of fly ash for other industrial applications provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way of recycling this solid waste, significantly reducing its environmental effects. On the one hand, due to the higher stability of its major component, aluminosilicates, fly ash could be employed as catalyst support by impregnation of other active components for various reactions. On the other hand, other chemical compounds in fly ash such as Fe2O3 could also provide an active component making fly ash a catalyst for some reactions. In this paper, physicochemical properties of fly ash and its applications for heterogeneous catalysis as a catalyst support or catalyst in a variety of catalytic reactions were reviewed. Fly-ash-supported catalysts have shown good catalytic activities for H2 production, deSO(x), deNO(x), hydrocarbon oxidation,and hydrocracking, which are comparable to commercially used catalysts. As a catalyst itself, fly ash can also be effective for gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds, aqueous-phase oxidation of organics, solid plastic pyrolysis, and solvent-free organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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28
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Li H, Monnell JD, Alvin M, Vidic RD. Factors affecting activated carbon-based catalysts for selective hydrogen sulfide oxidation. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10241220802509796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Liu TX, Li XZ, Li FB. AgNO3-lnduced photocatalytic degradation of odorous methyl mercaptan in gaseous phase: mechanism of chemisorption and photocatalytic reaction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:4540-4545. [PMID: 18605583 DOI: 10.1021/es7031345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, AgNO3 films prepared by a simple dip-coating method were used to remove gaseous methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) for odor control. The AgNO3 films were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM/EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after the reaction, and as- obtained products were identified by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ion chromatography. The experiments demonstrated that the AgNO3 film can induce a quick chemisorption of gaseous CH3SH to form AgSCH3 and other intermediate products such as alpha-Ag2S, Ag4S2, and AgSH on its surface. Under UVA illumination, these sulfur products can be photocatalytically oxidized to AgSO3CH3 and Ag2SO4. Then AgSO3CH3 and Ag2SO4 will continue the chemisorption of gaseous CH3SH, similar to AgNO3, to form AgSCH3 again and release two final products, HSO3CH3 and H2SO4. Hence it is a AgNO3-induced photocatalytic reaction for odorous CH3SH degradation in gaseous phase. This fundamental research about the mechanism of chemisorption and photocatalytic reaction provides essential knowledge with potential to further develop a new process for gaseous CH3SH degradation in odor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Xu Liu
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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30
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Kastner JR, Ganagavaram R, Kolar P, Teja A, Xu C. Catalytic ozonation of propanal using wood fly ash and metal oxide nanoparticle impregnated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:556-562. [PMID: 18284162 DOI: 10.1021/es0707512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic ozonation of propanal at ambient temperatures (23-25 degrees C) was investigated by varying propanal and ozone concentrations and catalyst type. The catalysts tested included wood fly ash (WFA), magnetically separated ash, synthetic hematite and magnetite, and metal oxide nanoparticle impregnated activated carbon and peanut hull char. A power law model independent of ozone concentration for WFA (r(w), moles g(-1) s(-1)) and magnetite (r(m)) were, respectively, r(w) = k'(w) C(R(0.89)) and r(m) = k'(m)C(R(1.55)), where kw, and k'(m) were 2.36 x 10(-6) g(-1) s(-1) (moles)(-0.11) (m3)(0.89) and 6.5 x 10(-4) g(-1) s(-1) (moles)(-0.55) (m3)(1.55), respectively (5-15 ppmv). Magnetite and hematite present in the WFA were theorized to be the primary active sites, since magnetically separated WFA had a significantly higher reaction rate (approximately 12x, mol m(-2) s(-1)) than that of WFA. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated a qualitative increase in magnetite and hematite in the magnetically separated ash, and synthetic magnetite and hematite had reaction rates >80x and 200x that of WFA or activated carbon (surface area basis). Supercritical deposition of hematite on/in peanut hull char successfully generated a porous, pelleted catalystfrom an agricultural residue capable of oxidizing propanal at rates 12x activated carbon and similar to commercially available catalysts (per mass basis). Water vapor significantly increased the propanal reaction rate when using wood fly ash and activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Kastner
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
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31
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Seredych M, Strydom C, Bandosz TJ. Effect of fly ash addition on the removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas and air on sewage sludge-based composite adsorbents. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2007; 28:1983-1992. [PMID: 17935967 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Desulfurization adsorbents were prepared from the mixtures of various compositions of New York City sewage sludge and fly ashes from SASOL, South Africa, by pyrolysis at 950 degrees C. The resulting materials were used as adsorbents of hydrogen sulfide from simulated dry digester gas mixture or moist air. The adsorbents before and after H(2)S removal were characterized using adsorption of nitrogen, elemental analysis, pH measurements, XRF, XRD, and thermal analysis. It was found that the addition of fly ash decreases the desulfurization capacity in comparison with the sewage sludge-based materials. The extent of this decrease depends on the type of ash, its content and the composition of challenging gas. Although the presence of CO(2) deactivates some adsorption sites to various degrees depending on the sample composition, the addition of ashes has a more detrimental effect when the adsorbents are used to remove hydrogen sulfide from air. This is likely the result of hydrophobicity of ashes since the H(2)S removal capacity was found to be strongly dependent on the reactivity towards water/water adsorption. On the other hand, the addition of ashes strongly decreases the porosity of materials where sulfur, as a product of hydrogen sulfide oxidation, can be stored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Seredych
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of The City University of New York, 138th Street and Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA
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32
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Petre CF, Larachi F. Removal of Methyl Mercaptide by Iron/Cerium Oxide−Hydroxide in Anoxic and Oxic Alkaline Media. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie061586m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalin F. Petre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Faïçal Larachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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33
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Adsorptive-catalytic removal of CH3OH, CH3SH, and CH3SSCH3 from air over the bifunctional system noble metals/HZSM-5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(07)80969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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34
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35
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Bandosz T, Ania C. Chapter 4 Surface chemistry of activated carbons and its characterization. INTERFACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1573-4285(06)80013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Li XZ, Hou MF, Li FB, Chua H. Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methyl Mercaptan in Foul Gas for Odor Control. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie050343b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Z. Li
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environment and Soil Science, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - M. F. Hou
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environment and Soil Science, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - F. B. Li
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environment and Soil Science, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - H. Chua
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environment and Soil Science, Guangzhou 510650, China
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37
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Kastner JR, Buquoi Q, Ganagavaram R, Das KC. Catalytic ozonation of gaseous reduced sulfur compounds using wood fly ash. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:1835-1842. [PMID: 15819244 DOI: 10.1021/es0499492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of reusing wood ash as an inexpensive catalyst in a catalytic ozonation process has been demonstrated. Catalytic ozonation was demonstrated to oxidize H2S, methanethiol (MT), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) at low temperatures (23-25 degrees C). The process oxidized 25-50% of an inlet MT stream at 70 ppmv without the formation of DMDS (contrary to ash plus oxygen in air), oxidized 90-95% of an 85 ppmv stream of DMS, and oxidized 50% of a 100 ppmv DMDS stream using 2 g of wood ash at a space velocity of 720 h(-1) using ozone concentrations ranging from 100 to 300 ppmv. Similarly, 60-70% conversion of a 70 ppmv H2S stream was achieved with 2 g of ash in 1.1 s without catalytic deactivation (approximately 44 h). The overall oxidation rate of H2S, DMS, and DMDS increased with increasing ozone concentration contrary to the oxidation rate of MT, which was independent of ozone concentration. Dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone were identified as the primary end products of DMS oxidation, and SO2 was the end product of H2S and MT oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Kastner
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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