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Duncan DL, Carls MG, Rice SD, Stekoll MS. The toxicity of creosote-treated wood to Pacific herring embryos and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near creosoted pilings in Juneau, Alaska. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1261-1269. [PMID: 27739099 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from creosote exposure in the laboratory resulted in deleterious effects in developing Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) embryos, and potentially toxic concentrations of PAHs were measured using passive water samplers at 1 of 3 harbor field sites in Juneau, Alaska, USA. Aqueous total PAH concentrations of 4.6 μg/L and 8.4 μg/L from creosote exposure resulted in skeletal defects and ineffective swimming in hatched larvae in the laboratory (10% effective concentrations) and were the most sensitive parameters measured. Hatch rates also suffered from creosote exposure in a dose-dependent manner: at exposures between 5 μg/L and 50 μg/L total PAH, 50% of the population failed to hatch. Comparisons between laboratory and field deployed passive samplers suggested that for at least 1 harbor in Juneau, concentrations sufficient to induce teratogenic effects were found directly on creosoted pilings, within 10 cm of them, and sometimes at a distance of 10 m. Total PAH concentrations generally decreased with distance from creosoted pilings. Creosote pilings contribute to the PAH load within a marina and can rise to PAH concentrations that are harmful to fish embryos, but at a scale that is localized in the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1261-1269. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Duncan
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Mark G Carls
- Auke Bay Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Stanley D Rice
- Auke Bay Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Michael S Stekoll
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
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Nesvacil K, Carls M, Holland L, Wright S. Assessment of bioavailable hydrocarbons in Pribilof Island rock sandpiper fall staging areas and overwintering habitat. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:415-423. [PMID: 27342900 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, significant adverse hydrocarbon influence on the Pribilof Island rock sandpiper (Calidris ptilocnemis ptilocnemis) is unlikely. Almost the entire population overwinters in Cook Inlet and breeds on four Bering Sea islands. Passive samplers deployed several times in a three year period and corresponding sediment and soft tissue samples on St. Paul Island and in Cook Inlet generally accumulated small quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Composition was consistent with oil in <15% of the passive samplers and rarely in soft tissue. Total PAH concentrations in corresponding sediment were very low (<42ng/g dry weight); composition was consistent with oil in 39% of these samples and biomarker composition confirmed this on St. Paul Island. However, composition was dominated by normal alkanes from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Nesvacil
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1255 W. 8th Street, Juneau, AK 99802, USA.
| | - Mark Carls
- NOAA/NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
| | - Larry Holland
- NOAA/NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
| | - Sadie Wright
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1255 W. 8th Street, Juneau, AK 99802, USA.
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Carls MG, Holland L, Pihl E, Zaleski MA, Moran J, Rice SD. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Port Valdez Shrimp and Sediment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:48-59. [PMID: 27033098 PMCID: PMC4906058 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil were present in some shrimp from Port Valdez, site of a ballast water treatment facility at the Alyeska Alaska Marine Terminal (AMT). Low-level petrogenic PAH concentrations were generally restricted to shrimp eggs in the vicinity of the AMT and extended along the southern shore of Port Valdez to Anderson Bay. Eggs had greater lipid content than other tissues and thus were the most vulnerable biological compartment to hydrocarbon accumulation. Petrogenic hydrocarbons were not observed in shrimp muscle and cephalothoraxes; thus, these tissues do not pose a human health risk. Risk for children older than age 2 years and adults consuming eggs also was low except for two unusual samples (of 32), collected about 17 km west of the treatment facility. In general, PAH loads were consistent with local time series data in other species. We infer that the accumulation mechanism was dissolved uptake from water, consistent with passive sampler observations completed more than a decade earlier. Hydrocarbon levels in the majority of samples were below toxic thresholds. Total PAH accumulation was substantially greater in some pink shrimp than in other species, thus differences in habitat utilization (muddy vs. rocky substrate) are potentially important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Carls
- NOAA/NMFS, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA.
| | - Larry Holland
- NOAA/NMFS, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
| | - Erik Pihl
- NOAA/NMFS, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
| | - Marilyn A Zaleski
- NOAA/NMFS, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
| | - John Moran
- NOAA/NMFS, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
| | - Stanley D Rice
- NOAA/NMFS, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
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Lundin JI, Riffell JA, Wasser SK. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in caribou, moose, and wolf scat samples from three areas of the Alberta oil sands. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:527-34. [PMID: 26284348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of toxic substances from oil production in the Alberta oil sands (AOS), such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been widely debated. Studies have been largely restricted to exposures from surface mining in aquatic species. We measured PAHs in Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), moose (Alces americanus), and Grey wolf (Canis lupus) across three areas that varied in magnitude of in situ oil production. Our results suggest a distinction of PAH level and source profile (petro/pyrogenic) between study areas and species. Caribou samples indicated pyrogenic sourced PAHs in the study area previously devastated by forest fire. Moose and wolf samples from the high oil production area demonstrated PAH ratios indicative of a petrogenic source and increased PAHs, respectively. These findings emphasize the importance of broadening monitoring and research programs in the AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I Lundin
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Riffell
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Samuel K Wasser
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Hong Y, Wetzel D, Pulster EL, Hull P, Reible D, Hwang HM, Ji P, Rifkin E, Bouwer E. Significant spatial variability of bioavailable PAHs in water column and sediment porewater in the Gulf of Mexico 1 year after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:646. [PMID: 26407860 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One year after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill accident, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and polyethylene devices (PEDs) were deployed in wetland areas and coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) to monitor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The measured PAH levels with the PEDs in coastal areas were 0.05-1.9 ng/L in water and 0.03-9.7 ng/L in sediment porewater. With the SPMDs, the measured PAH levels in wetlands (Barataria Bay) were 1.4-73 ng/L in water and 3.3-107 ng/L in porewater. The total PAH concentrations in the coastal areas were close to the reported baseline PAH concentrations in GOM; however, the total PAH concentrations in the wetland areas were one or two orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the coastal areas. In light of the significant spatial variability of PAHs in the Gulf's environments, baseline information on PAHs should be obtained in specific areas periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Ames Hall 313, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712-714, Republic of Korea
- National Aquarium Conservation Center, Baltimore National Aquarium, 501 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Dana Wetzel
- Aquatic Toxicology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Erin L Pulster
- Aquatic Toxicology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Pete Hull
- Aquatic Toxicology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Hyun-Min Hwang
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Texas Southern University, New Science Center 203A, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Pan Ji
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Ames Hall 313, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Erik Rifkin
- National Aquarium Conservation Center, Baltimore National Aquarium, 501 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Edward Bouwer
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Ames Hall 313, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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Carls MG, Larsen ML, Holland LG. Spilled Oils: Static Mixtures or Dynamic Weathering and Bioavailability? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134448. [PMID: 26332909 PMCID: PMC4557949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sequestered MV Selendang Ayu oil were biologically available in 2008, 3.6 y after it was spilled along Unalaska Island, Alaska. Thermodynamically driven weathering was the most probable mechanism of organism exposure to PAHs. Alkane and PAH composition in oil changed over time as smaller constituents were preferentially lost, indicative of weathering. In contrast, composition of the largest compounds (biomarkers) including triterpanes, hopanes, and steranes remained unchanged. Smaller molecules (the PAHs) lost from stranded oil were observed in indigenous mussels and passive samplers deployed in July 2008. Concentration and composition of PAHs were significantly different than in a non-oiled reference area and patterns observed in mussels were repeated in passive samplers deployed in three zones (intertidal, subtidal, and water). Thus, hydrocarbons lost from one compartment (sequestered whole oil) were detectable in another (mussels and passive samplers) implying aqueous transfer. Quantities of mobile oil constituents were small, yielding uptake concentrations that are likely inconsequential for mussels, but the sensitivity provided by bioaccumulation and passive sampler uptake ensured that dissolved hydrocarbons were detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. Carls
- Auke Bay Laboratories, NMFS, NOAA, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie L. Larsen
- Auke Bay Laboratories, NMFS, NOAA, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Larry G. Holland
- Auke Bay Laboratories, NMFS, NOAA, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
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