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Skinner J, Delgado AG, Hyman M, Chu MYJ. Implementation of in situ aerobic cometabolism for groundwater treatment: State of the knowledge and important factors for field operation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171667. [PMID: 38485017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In situ aerobic cometabolism of groundwater contaminants has been demonstrated to be a valuable bioremediation technology to treat many legacy and emerging contaminants in dilute plumes. Several well-designed and documented field studies have shown that this technology can concurrently treat multiple contaminants and reach very low cleanup goals. Fundamentally different from metabolism-based biodegradation of contaminants, microorganisms that cometabolically degrade contaminants do not obtain sufficient carbon and energy from the degradation process to support their growth and require an exogenous growth supporting primary substrate. Successful applications of aerobic cometabolic treatment therefore require special considerations beyond conventional in situ bioremediation, such as competitive inhibition between growth-supporting primary substrate(s) and contaminant non-growth substrates, toxic effects resulting from contaminant degradation, and differences in microbial population dynamics exhibited by biostimulated indigenous consortia versus bioaugmentation cultures. This article first provides a general review of microbiological factors that are likely to affect the rate of aerobic cometabolic biodegradation. We subsequently review fourteen well documented field-scale aerobic cometabolic bioremediation studies and summarize the underlying microbiological factors that may affect the performance observed in these field studies. The combination of microbiological and engineering principles gained from field testing leads to insights and recommendations on planning, design, and operation of an in situ aerobic cometabolic treatment system. With a vision of more aerobic cometabolic treatments being considered to tackle large, dilute plumes, we present several novel topics and future research directions that can potentially enhance technology development and foster success in implementing this technology for environmental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Skinner
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Engineering Research Center for Bio-mediated and Bio-inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Andrews Engineering, Inc., 3300 Ginger Creek Drive, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| | - Anca G Delgado
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Engineering Research Center for Bio-mediated and Bio-inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Michael Hyman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Thomas Hall 4545, 112 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Min-Ying Jacob Chu
- Haley & Aldrich Inc., 400 E Van Buren St, Ste 545, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Samadi A, Kermanshahi Pour A, Beims RF, Xu CC. Delignified porous wood as biofilm support for 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterial consortium. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2541-2557. [PMID: 36749305 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2178330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Delignified porous wood samples were used as carriers for biofilm formation of a bacterial consortium with the ability to degrade 1,4-dioxane (DX). The delignification treatment of the natural wood resulted in higher porosity, formation of macropores, increase in surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the treated wood pieces. These superior properties of two types of treated carriers (respectively, A and B) compared to the untreated wood resulted in 2.19 ± 0.52- and 2.66 ± 0.23-fold higher growth of biofilm. Moreover, analysis of the fatty acid profiles indicated an increase in proportion of the saturated fatty acids during the biofilm formation, characterising an enhancement in rigidity and hydrophobicity of the biofilms. DX initial concentration of 100 mg/L was completely degraded (detection limit 0.01 mg/L) in 24 and 32 h using the treated A and B woods, while only 25.84 ± 5.95% was removed after 32 h using the untreated wood. However, fitting the DX biodegradation data to the Monod model showed a lower maximum specific growth rate for biofilm (0.0276 ± 0.0018 1/h) versus planktonic (0.0382 ± 0.0024 1/h), because of gradual accumulation of inactive cells in the biofilm. Findings of this study can contribute to the knowledge of biofilm formation regarding the physical/chemical properties of biofilm carriers and be helpful to the ongoing research on bioremediation of DX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Samadi
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kermanshahi Pour
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ramon Filipe Beims
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Chunbao Charles Xu
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Eshghdoostkhatami Z, Cupples AM. Occurrence of Rhodococcus sp. RR1 prmA and Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 prmA across microbial communities and their enumeration during 1,4-dioxane biodegradation. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 219:106908. [PMID: 38403133 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane, a likely human carcinogen, is a co-contaminant at many chlorinated solvent contaminated sites. Conventional treatment technologies, such as carbon sorption or air stripping, are largely ineffective, and so many researchers have explored bioremediation for site clean-up. An important step towards this involves examining the occurrence of the functional genes associated with 1,4-dioxane biodegradation. The current research explored potential biomarkers for 1,4-dioxane in three mixed microbial communities (wetland sediment, agricultural soil, impacted site sediment) using monooxygenase targeted amplicon sequencing, followed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). A BLAST analysis of the sequencing data detected only two of the genes previously associated with 1,4-dioxane metabolism or co-metabolism, namely propane monooxygenase (prmA) from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and Rhodococcus sp. RR1. To investigate this further, qPCR primers and probes were designed, and the assays were used to enumerate prmA gene copies in the three communities. Gene copies of Rhodococcus RR1 prmA were detected in all three, while gene copies of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 prmA were detected in two of the three sample types (except impacted site sediment). Further, there was a statistically significant increase in RR1 prmA gene copies in the microcosms inoculated with impacted site sediment following 1,4-dioxane biodegradation compared to the control microcosms (no 1,4-dioxane) or to the initial copy numbers before incubation. Overall, the results indicate the importance of Rhodococcus associated prmA, compared to other 1,4-dioxane degrading associated biomarkers, in three different microbial communities. Also, the newly designed qPCR assays provide a platform for others to investigate 1,4-dioxane biodegradation potential in mixed communities and should be of particular interest to those considering bioremediation as a potential 1,4-dioxane remediation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Eshghdoostkhatami
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alison M Cupples
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Tian K, Zhang Y, Chen R, Tan D, Zhong M, Yao D, Dong Y, Liu Y. Self-assembling a 1,4-dioxane-degrading consortium and identifying the key role of Shinella sp. through dilution-to-extinction and reculturing. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0178723. [PMID: 37882576 PMCID: PMC10714792 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01787-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Assembling a functional microbial consortium and identifying key degraders involved in the degradation of 1,4-dioxane are crucial for the design of synergistic consortia used in enhancing the bioremediation of 1,4-dioxane-contaminated sites. However, due to the vast diversity of microbes, assembling a functional consortium and identifying novel degraders through a simple method remain a challenge. In this study, we reassembled 1,4-dioxane-degrading microbial consortia using a simple and easy-to-operate method by combining dilution-to-extinction and reculture techniques. We combined differential analysis of community structure and metabolic function and confirmed that Shinella species have a stronger 1,4-dioxane degradation ability than Xanthobacter species in the enriched consortium. In addition, a new dioxane-degrading bacterium was isolated, Shinella yambaruensis, which verified our findings. These results demonstrate that DTE and reculture techniques can be used beyond diversity reduction to assemble functional microbial communities, particularly to identify key degraders in contaminant-degrading consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihuan Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ding Tan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanhua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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5
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Tesfamariam EG, Luo YH, Zhou C, Ye M, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Rittmann BE, Tang Y. Simultaneous biodegradation kinetics of 1,4-dioxane and ethane. Biodegradation 2023:10.1007/s10532-023-10058-x. [PMID: 37917252 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of 1,4-Dioxane at environmentally relevant concentrations usually requires the addition of a primary electron-donor substrate to sustain biomass growth. Ethane is a promising substrate, since it is available as a degradation product of 1,4-Dioxane's common co-contaminants. This study reports kinetic parameters for ethane biodegradation and co-oxidations of ethane and 1,4-Dioxane. Based on experiments combined with mathematical modeling, we found that ethane promoted 1,4-Dioxane biodegradation when the initial mass ratio of ethane:1,4-Dioxane was < 9:1 mg COD/mg COD, while it inhibited 1,4-Dioxane degradation when the ratio was > 9:1. A model-independent estimator was used for kinetic-parameter estimation, and all parameter values for 1,4-Dioxane were consistent with literature-reported ranges. Estimated parameters support competitive inhibition between ethane as the primary substrate and 1,4-Dioxane as the secondary substrate. The results also support that bacteria that co-oxidize ethane and 1,4-Dioxane had a competitive advantage over bacteria that can use only one of the two substrates. The minimum concentration of ethane to sustain ethane-oxidizing bacteria and ethane and 1,4-Dioxane-co-oxidizing bacteria was 0.09 mg COD/L, which is approximately 20-fold lower than the minimum concentration reported for propane, another common substrate used to promote 1,4-Dioxane biodegradation. The minimum 1,4-Dioxane concentration required to sustain steady-state biomass with 1,4-Dioxane as the sole primary substrate was 1.3 mg COD/L. As 1,4-Dioxane concentrations at most groundwater sites are less than 0.18 mg COD/L, providing ethane as a primary substrate is vital to support biomass growth and consequently enable 1,4-Dioxane bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermias Gebrekrstos Tesfamariam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street Suite A132, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Yi-Hao Luo
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street Suite A132, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
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Chen Y, Ren H, Kong X, Wu H, Lu Z. A multicomponent propane monooxygenase catalyzes the initial degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether in Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0118723. [PMID: 37823642 PMCID: PMC10617536 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01187-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) has been recognized as a groundwater contaminant due to its widespread distribution and potential threat to human health. The limited understanding of the enzymes catalyzing MTBE degradation restricts their application in MTBE bioremediation. In this study, an MTBE-degrading soluble di-iron monooxygenase that clusters phylogenetically with a known propane monooxygenase (PRM) encoded by the prmABCD gene cluster was identified and functionally characterized, revealing their role in MTBE metabolism by Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression of prmABCD was upregulated when JOB5 was induced by MTBE. Escherichia coli Rosetta heterologously expressing prmABCD from JOB5 could transform MTBE, indicating that the PRM of JOB5 is capable of the initial degradation of MTBE. The loss of the gene encoding the oxygenase α-subunit or β-subunit, the coupling protein, or the reductase disrupted MTBE transformation by the recombinant E. coli Rosetta. In addition, the catalytic capacity of PRM is likely affected by residue G95 in the active site pocket and residues I84, P165, A269, and V270 in the substrate tunnel structure. Mutation of amino acids in the active site and substrate tunnel resulted in inefficiency or inactivation of MTBE degradation, and the activity in 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) degradation was diminished less than that in MTBE degradation.IMPORTANCEMulticomponent monooxygenases catalyzing the initial hydroxylation of MTBE are important in MTBE biodegradation. Previous studies of MTBE degradation enzymes have focused on P450s, alkane monooxygenase and MTBE monooxygenase, but the vital role of soluble di-iron monooxygenases has rarely been reported. In this study, we deciphered the essential catalytic role of a PRM and revealed the key residues of the PRM in MTBE metabolism. Our findings provide new insight into the MTBE-degrading gene cluster and enzymes in bacteria. This characterization of the PRM associated with MTBE degradation expands our understanding of MTBE-degrading gene diversity and provides a novel candidate enzyme for the bioremediation of MTBE-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Ren
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Vega MAP, Scholes RC, Brady AR, Daly RA, Narrowe AB, Vanzin GF, Wrighton KC, Sedlak DL, Sharp JO. Methane-Oxidizing Activity Enhances Sulfamethoxazole Biotransformation in a Benthic Constructed Wetland Biomat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7240-7253. [PMID: 37099683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia monooxygenase and analogous oxygenase enzymes contribute to pharmaceutical biotransformation in activated sludge. In this study, we hypothesized that methane monooxygenase can enhance pharmaceutical biotransformation within the benthic, diffuse periphytic sediments (i.e., "biomat") of a shallow, open-water constructed wetland. To test this hypothesis, we combined field-scale metatranscriptomics, porewater geochemistry, and methane gas fluxes to inform microcosms targeting methane monooxygenase activity and its potential role in pharmaceutical biotransformation. In the field, sulfamethoxazole concentrations decreased within surficial biomat layers where genes encoding for the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) were transcribed by a novel methanotroph classified as Methylotetracoccus. Inhibition microcosms provided independent confirmation that methane oxidation was mediated by the pMMO. In these same incubations, sulfamethoxazole biotransformation was stimulated proportional to aerobic methane-oxidizing activity and exhibited negligible removal in the absence of methane, in the presence of methane and pMMO inhibitors, and under anoxia. Nitrate reduction was similarly enhanced under aerobic methane-oxidizing conditions with rates several times faster than for canonical denitrification. Collectively, our results provide convergent in situ and laboratory evidence that methane-oxidizing activity can enhance sulfamethoxazole biotransformation, with possible implications for the combined removal of nitrogen and trace organic contaminants in wetland sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A P Vega
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rachel C Scholes
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam R Brady
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rebecca A Daly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Adrienne B Narrowe
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Gary F Vanzin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kelly C Wrighton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - David L Sedlak
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan O Sharp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Lee CS, Wang M, Clyde PM, Mao X, Brownawell BJ, Venkatesan AK. 1,4-Dioxane removal in nitrifying sand filters treating domestic wastewater: Influence of water matrix and microbial inhibitors. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138304. [PMID: 36871806 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a recalcitrant pollutant in water and is ineffectively removed during conventional water and wastewater treatment processes. In this study, we demonstrate the application of nitrifying sand filters to remove 1,4-dioxane from domestic wastewater without the need for bioaugmentation or biostimulation. The sand columns were able to remove 61 ± 10% of 1,4-dioxane on average (initial concentration: 50 μg/L) from wastewater, outperforming conventional wastewater treatment approaches. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of 1,4-dioxane degrading functional genes (dxmB, phe, mmox, and prmA) to support biodegradation being the dominant degradation pathway. Adding antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin), that temporarily inhibited the nitrification process during the dosing period, showed a minor effect in 1,4-dioxane removal (6-8% decline, p < 0.05), suggesting solid resilience of the 1,4-dioxane-degrading microbial community in the columns. Columns amended with sodium azide significantly (p < 0.05) depressed 1,4-dioxane removal in the early stage of dosing but followed by a gradual increase of the removal over time to >80%, presumably due to a shift in the microbial community toward azide-resistant 1,4-dioxane degrading microbes (e.g., fungi). This study demonstrated for the first time the resilience of the 1,4-dioxane-degrading microorganisms during antibiotic shocks, and the selective enrichment of efficient 1,4-dioxane-degrading microbes after azide poisoning. Our observation could provide insights into designing better 1,4-dioxane remediation strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shiuan Lee
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA; Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mian Wang
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Patricia M Clyde
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Xinwei Mao
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Bruce J Brownawell
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Arjun K Venkatesan
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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9
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Luo YH, Long X, Cai Y, Zheng CW, Roldan MA, Yang S, Zhou D, Zhou C, Rittmann BE. A synergistic platform enables co-oxidation of halogenated organic pollutants without input of organic primary substrate. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 234:119801. [PMID: 36889084 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While co-oxidation is widely used to biodegrade halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs), a considerable amount of organic primary substrate is required. Adding organic primary substrates increases the operating cost and also leads to extra carbon dioxide release. In this study, we evaluated a two-stage Reduction and Oxidation Synergistic Platform (ROSP), which integrated catalytic reductive dehalogenation with biological co-oxidation for HOPs removal. The ROSP was a combination of an H2-based membrane catalytic-film reactor (H2-MCfR) and an O2-based membrane biofilm reactor (O2-MBfR). 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) was used as a model HOP to evaluate the performance of ROSP. In the MCfR stage, zero-valent palladium nanoparticles (Pd0NPs) catalyzed reductive hydrodechlorination that converted 4-CP to phenol, with a conversion yield over 92%. In the MBfR stage, the phenol was oxidized and used as a primary substrate that supported the co-oxidation of residual 4-CP. Genomic DNA sequencing revealed that phenol produced from 4-CP reduction enriched bacteria having genes for functional enzymes for phenol biodegradation in the biofilm community. In the ROSP, over 99% of 60 mg/L 4-CP was removed and mineralized during continuous operation: Effluent 4-CP and chemical oxygen demand concentrations were below 0.1 and 3 mg/L, respectively. H2 was the only added electron donor to the ROSP, which means no extra carbon dioxide was produced by primary-substrate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Xiangxing Long
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Yuhang Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Chen-Wei Zheng
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306, USA
| | - Manuel A Roldan
- Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Shize Yang
- Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306, USA.
| | - Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306, USA
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10
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Hwangbo M, Shao Y, Hatzinger PB, Chu KH. Acidophilic methanotrophs: Occurrence, diversity, and possible bioremediation applications. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023. [PMID: 37041665 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Methanotrophs have been identified and isolated from acidic environments such as wetlands, acidic soils, peat bogs, and groundwater aquifers. Due to their methane (CH4 ) utilization as a carbon and energy source, acidophilic methanotrophs are important in controlling the release of atmospheric CH4 , an important greenhouse gas, from acidic wetlands and other environments. Methanotrophs have also played an important role in the biodegradation and bioremediation of a variety of pollutants including chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) using CH4 monooxygenases via a process known as cometabolism. Under neutral pH conditions, anaerobic bioremediation via carbon source addition is a commonly used and highly effective approach to treat CVOCs in groundwater. However, complete dechlorination of CVOCs is typically inhibited at low pH. Acidophilic methanotrophs have recently been observed to degrade a range of CVOCs at pH < 5.5, suggesting that cometabolic treatment may be an option for CVOCs and other contaminants in acidic aquifers. This paper provides an overview of the occurrence, diversity, and physiological activities of methanotrophs in acidic environments and highlights the potential application of these organisms for enhancing contaminant biodegradation and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hwangbo
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yiru Shao
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Paul B Hatzinger
- Aptim Federal Services, LLC, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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11
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McElroy AC, Ogles ME, Hyman MR, Knappe DRU. Pilot-scale biofiltration of 1,4-dioxane at drinking water-relevant concentrations. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119652. [PMID: 36702026 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a drinking water contaminant of emerging concern. Because conventional and many advanced drinking water treatment technologies are ineffective for 1,4-dioxane removal, cost-effective technologies for the removal of 1,4-dioxane at drinking water-relevant concentrations are needed. In this research, a gravity-fed, cometabolic biofiltration system was developed to degrade 1,4-dioxane that was spiked into coagulated, settled surface water at a concentration of ∼10 µg/L. Objectives were to determine whether cometabolic degradation of trace levels of 1,4-dioxane can be sustained using n-butane as primary substrate and whether filter media properties and empty bed contact time (EBCT) affect biofiltration efficiency. A mixed culture of bacteria derived from the Cape Fear River basin and previously enriched using isobutane served as inoculum for biologically active filters. Two granular activated carbons (GACs) with different grain sizes and one carbonaceous resin were used as attachment media, and n-butane served as the primary substrate for biologically active filters. Non-inoculated controls with the same media were evaluated in parallel to distinguish between biological and adsorptive removals of 1,4-dioxane. For the duration of the pilot study (>3 months), 1,4-dioxane was degraded in inoculated biofilters receiving n-butane. In control filters containing larger and smaller grain GAC, 1,4-dioxane broke through completely within 750 and 1250 bed volumes, respectively, corresponding to 15 to 30 days of operation at an EBCT of 30 min. 1,4-Dioxane removal increased with increasing EBCT in all biologically active filters. At an EBCT of 30 min, the biologically active GAC filter containing the larger-grain GAC removed on average 87% of 1,4-dioxane at pseudo steady-state. When the hydraulic loading rate was decreased to achieve an overall EBCT of 60 min, 1,4-dioxane was removed to <1 µg/L in the biologically active GAC filter containing the larger-grain GAC. Activity-based labeling showed the presence of catalytically active monooxygenases in backwash water from biologically active filters that degraded 1,4-dioxane. Amplicon sequencing results showed that while taxa shifted after the initial inoculation of biologically active filters, taxa in biologically active filters remained more similar to the inoculum than those in the non-inoculated control filters. Overall, results of this research demonstrate that cometabolic degradation of 1,4-dioxane at trace levels is possible for extended periods of time in inoculated biofilters that receive n-butane as primary substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie C McElroy
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Matthew E Ogles
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael R Hyman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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12
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Samadi A, Kermanshahi-Pour A, Budge SM, Huang Y, Jamieson R. Biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane by a native digestate microbial community under different electron accepting conditions. Biodegradation 2023; 34:283-300. [PMID: 36808270 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The potential of a native digestate microbial community for 1,4-dioxane (DX) biodegradation was evaluated under low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (1-3 mg/L) under different conditions in terms of electron acceptors, co-substrates, co-contaminants and temperature. Complete DX biodegradation (detection limit of 0.01 mg/L) of initial 25 mg/L was achieved in 119 days under low DO concentrations, while complete biodegradation happened faster at 91 and 77 days, respectively in nitrate-amended and aerated conditions. In addition, conducting biodegradation at 30 ˚C showed that the time required for complete DX biodegradation in unamended flasks reduced from 119 days in ambient condition (20-25 °C) to 84 days. Oxalic acid, which is a common metabolite of DX biodegradation was identified in the flasks under different treatments including unamended, nitrate-amended and aerated conditions. Furthermore, transition of the microbial community was monitored during the DX biodegradation period. While the overall richness and diversity of the microbial community decreased, several families of known DX-degrading bacteria such as Pseudonocardiaceae, Xanthobacteraceae and Chitinophagaceae were able to maintain and grow in different electron-accepting conditions. The results suggested that DX biodegradation under low DO concentrations, where no external aeration was provided, is possible by the digestate microbial community, which can be helpful to the ongoing research for DX bioremediation and natural attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Samadi
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kermanshahi-Pour
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Suzanne M Budge
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yannan Huang
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rob Jamieson
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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13
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Characterization of 1,4-dioxane degrading microbial community enriched from uncontaminated soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:955-969. [PMID: 36625913 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a contaminant of emerging concern that has been commonly detected in groundwater. In this study, a stable and robust 1,4-dioxane degrading enrichment culture was obtained from uncontaminated soil. The enrichment was capable to metabolically degrade 1,4-dioxane at both high (100 mg L-1) and environmentally relevant concentrations (300 μg L-1), with a maximum specific 1,4-dioxane degradation rate (qmax) of 0.044 ± 0.001 mg dioxane h-1 mg protein-1, and 1,4-dioxane half-velocity constant (Ks) of 25 ± 1.6 mg L-1. The microbial community structure analysis suggested Pseudonocardia species, which utilize the dioxane monooxygenase for metabolic 1,4-dioxane biodegradation, were the main functional species for 1,4-dioxane degradation. The enrichment culture can adapt to both acidic (pH 5.5) and alkaline (pH 8) conditions and can recover degradation from low temperature (10°C) and anoxic (DO < 0.5 mg L-1) conditions. 1,4-Dioxane degradation of the enrichment culture was reversibly inhibited by TCE with concentrations higher than 5 mg L-1 and was completely inhibited by the presence of 1,1-DCE as low as 1 mg L-1. Collectively, these results demonstrated indigenous stable and robust 1,4-dioxane degrading enrichment culture can be obtained from uncontaminated sources and can be a potential candidate for 1,4-dioxane bioaugmentation at environmentally relevant conditions. KEY POINTS: •1,4-Dioxane degrading enrichment was obtained from uncontaminated soil. • The enrichment culture could degrade 1,4-dioxane to below 10 μg L-1. •Low Ks and low cell yield of the enrichment benefit its application in bioremediation.
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14
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Tang Y. A Review of Challenges and Opportunities for Microbially Removing 1,4-Dioxane to Meet Drinking-Water and Groundwater Guidelines. CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH 2023; 31:100419. [PMID: 36582465 PMCID: PMC9794176 DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is an emerging contaminant in drinking-water sources and contaminated sites. Microbial removal of 1,4-dioxane has attracted a lot of attention, but faces a challenge: being not able to continuously metabolize 1,4-dioxane to below most drinking-water and groundwater guidelines. The 1,4-dioxane concentrations in most drinking-water sources and contaminated sites are too low to sustain biomass growth. This minireview discusses strategies that may potentially address the challenge. The strategies include: 1) finding oligotrophs for which the minimum 1,4-dioxane concentrations to sustain biomass are low, 2) determining conditions that maximize 1,4-dioxane co-metabolism or co-oxidation, 3) creating novel materials as biomass carriers and contaminant concentrators, and 4) lowering the life-cycle costs of technologies that combine biodegradation with (electro)chemical oxidation or phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street Suite A130, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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15
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Galdi SM, Szczuka A, Shin C, Mitch WA, Luthy RG. Dissolved Methane Recovery and Trace Contaminant Fate Following Mainstream Anaerobic Treatment of Municipal Wastewater. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2023; 3:121-130. [PMID: 36660091 PMCID: PMC9841518 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.2c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater with the staged anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor (SAF-MBR) shows promise to transform secondary wastewater treatment into an energy-positive process. However, the dissolved methane in SAF-MBR effluent needs to be recovered to reach net energy positive. To recover this methane for energy generation, an air stripping system was constructed downstream of a pilot-scale SAF-MBR facility and operated for over 80 days. The process removed 98% of effluent dissolved methane, and with the addition of intermittent disinfection recovered an average of 90% of the dissolved methane. The exit gas from air-stripping comprised 1.5-2.5% methane and could be utilized by blending with biogas produced from primary solids digestion and the SAF-MBR in an on-site combustion process. The direct energy costs for air stripping methane are <1% of the energy recoverable from the dissolved methane, not accounting for siloxane or sulfide scrubbing. Only siloxanes were observed at levels impacting combustion in this study, with 1.6 mg Si/m3 present in the blended biogas and air stripping mixture. The fate of a subset of trace organic contaminants was examined across the air stripping unit to check for aerobic degradation by methanotrophs or other opportunistic aerobes. Only 1,4-dioxane and benzotriazole showed statistically significant removal among 17 compounds screened, with 0.53 ± 0.13 and 0.34 ± 0.15 fraction removal, respectively. Our results indicate that air stripping is an energy efficient and robust technology for dissolved methane removal and onsite utilization for heat and electricity generation from anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Galdi
- Stanford
University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- NSF
Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation’s Urban
Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org/contact/
| | - Aleksandra Szczuka
- NSF
Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation’s Urban
Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org/contact/
- University
of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan48019, United
States
| | - Chungheon Shin
- Stanford
University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- NSF
Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation’s Urban
Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org/contact/
| | - William A. Mitch
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- NSF
Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation’s Urban
Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org/contact/
| | - Richard G. Luthy
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- NSF
Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation’s Urban
Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org/contact/
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16
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Tusher TR, Inoue C, Chien MF. Efficient biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane commingled with additional organic compound: Role of interspecies interactions within consortia. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136440. [PMID: 36116621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial consortia-mediated biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D), an emerging water contaminant, is always a superior choice over axenic cultures. Thus, better understanding of the functions of coexisting microbes and their interspecies interactions within the consortia is crucial for predicting biodegradation efficiency and designing efficient 1,4-D-degrading microbial consortia. This study evaluated how microbial community compositions and interspecies interactions govern the microbial consortia-mediated 1,4-D biodegradation by investigating the biodegradability and microbial community dynamics of both enriched (N112) and synthetic (SCDs and SCDNs) microbial consortia in the absence or presence of additional organic compound (AOC). In the absence of AOC, N112 exhibited 100% 1,4-D biodegradation efficiency at a rate of 12.5 mg/L/d, whereas the co-occurrence of AOC resulted in substrate-dependent biodegradation inhibition and thereby reduced the biodegradation efficiency and activity (2.0-10.0 mg/L/d). The coexistence and negative influence of certain low-abundant non-degraders on both 1,4-D-degraders and key non-degraders in N112 was identified as the prime cause behind such biodegradation inhibition. Comparing with N112, SCDN-1 composed of 1,4-D-degraders and key non-degraders significantly improved the 1,4-D biodegradation efficiency in the presence of AOC, confirming the absence of negative influence of low-abundant non-degraders and cooperative interactions between 1,4-D-degraders and key non-degraders in SCDN-1. On the contrary, both two-species and three-species SCDs comprised of only 1,4-D-degraders resulted in lower 1,4-D biodegradation efficiency as compared to SCDN-1 under all treatment conditions, while max. 91% 1,4-D biodegradation occurred by SCDs in the absence of AOC. These results were attributed to the negative interaction among 1,4-D-degraders and the absence of complementary roles of key non-degraders in SCDs. The findings improve our understanding of how interspecies interactions can regulate the intrinsic abilities and functions of coexisting microbes during biodegradation in complex environments and provide valuable guidelines for designing highly efficient and robust microbial consortia for practical bioremediation of 1,4-D like emerging organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Roy Tusher
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Chihiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mei-Fang Chien
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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17
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Tawfik A, Al-Sayed A, Hassan GK, Nasr M, El-Shafai SA, Alhajeri NS, Khan MS, Akhtar MS, Ahmad Z, Rojas P, Sanz JL. Electron donor addition for stimulating the microbial degradation of 1,4 dioxane by sequential batch membrane bioreactor: A techno-economic approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135580. [PMID: 35810864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of 1,4 dioxane in wastewater is associated with severe health and environmental issues. The removal of this toxic contaminant from the industrial effluents prior to final disposal is necessary. The study comprehensively evaluates the performance of sequential batch membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating wastewater laden with 1,4 dioxane. Acetate was supplemented to the wastewater feed as an electron donor for enhancing and stimulating the microbial growing activities towards the degradation of 1,4 dioxane. The removal efficiency of 1,4 dioxane was maximized to 87.5 ± 6.8% using an acetate to dioxane (A/D) ratio of 4.0, which was substantially dropped to 31.06 ± 3.7% without acetate addition. Ethylene glycol, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid were the main metabolites of 1,4 dioxane biodegradation using mixed culture bacteria. The 1,4 dioxane degrading bacteria, particularly the genus of Acinetobacter, were promoted to 92% at the A/D ratio of 4.0. This condition encouraged as well the increase of the main 1,4 dioxane degraders, i.e., Xanthomonadales (12.5%) and Pseudomonadales (9.1%). However, 50% of the Sphingobacteriales and 82.5% of Planctomycetes were reduced due to the inhibition effect of the 1,4 dioxane contaminate. Similarly, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae was reduced in the MBR at the A/D ratio of 4.0. The results derived from the microbial analysis and metabolites detection at different A/D ratios indicated that acetate supplementation (as an electron donor) maintained an essential role in encouraging the microorganisms to produce the monooxygenase enzymes responsible for the biodegradation process. Economic feasibility of such a MBR system showed that for a designed flow rate of 30 m3∙d-1, the payback period from reusing the treated wastewater would reach 6.6 yr. The results strongly recommend the utilization of mixed culture bacteria growing on acetate for removing 1,4 dioxane from the wastewater industry, achieving dual environmental and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Aly Al-Sayed
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal K Hassan
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nasr
- Sanitary Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
| | - Saber A El-Shafai
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nawaf S Alhajeri
- Department of Environmental Technology Management, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Mohd Shariq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, 211, Oman
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Patricia Rojas
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Department of Molecular Biology, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jose L Sanz
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Department of Molecular Biology, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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18
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Cupples AM, Li Z, Wilson FP, Ramalingam V, Kelly A. In silico analysis of soil, sediment and groundwater microbial communities to predict biodegradation potential. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 202:106595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Kikani M, Satasiya GV, Sahoo TP, Kumar PS, Kumar MA. Remedial strategies for abating 1,4-dioxane pollution-special emphasis on diverse biotechnological interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113939. [PMID: 35921903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
1,4-dioxane is a heterocyclic ether used as a polar industrial solvent and are released as waste discharges. 1,4-dioxane deteriorates health and quality, thereby attracts concern by the environment technologists. The need of attaining sustainable development goals have resulted in search of an eco-friendly and technically viable treatment strategy. This extensive review is aimed to emphasis on the (a) characteristics of 1,4-dioxane and their occurrence in the environment as well as their toxicity, (b) remedial strategies, such as physico-chemical treatment and advanced oxidation techniques. Special reference to bioremediation that involves diverse microbial strains and their mechanism are highlighted in this review. The role of macronutrients, stimulants and other abiotic cofactors in the biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane is discussed lucidly. We have critically discussed the inducible enzymes, enzyme-based remediation, distinct instrumental method of analyses to know the fate of intermediates produced from 1,4-dioxane biotransformation. This comprehensive survey also tries to put forth the different toxicity assessment tools used in evaluating the extent of detoxification of 1,4-dioxane achieved through biotransforming mechanism. Conclusively, the challenges, opportunities, techno-economic feasibility and future prospects of implementing 1,4-dioxane through biotechnological interventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Kikani
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364 002 (Gujarat), India
| | - Gopi Vijaybhai Satasiya
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364 002 (Gujarat), India
| | - Tarini Prasad Sahoo
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364 002 (Gujarat), India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201 002 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai-603 110 (Tamil Nadu), India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai-603 110 (Tamil Nadu), India
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364 002 (Gujarat), India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201 002 (Uttar Pradesh), India.
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20
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Saeed Alamri M, Hassan HM, Alhumaimess MS, Aldawsari AM, Alshahrani AA, Alraddadi TS, Hotan Alsohaimi I. Kinetics and adsorption assessment of 1, 4-dioxane from aqueous solution by thiol and sulfonic acid functionalized titanosilicate. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Highly efficient chlorinated solvent uptake by novel covalent organic networks via thiol-ene chemistry. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Dai C, Wu H, Wang X, Zhao K, Lu Z. Network and meta-omics reveal the cooperation patterns and mechanisms in an efficient 1,4-dioxane-degrading microbial consortium. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134723. [PMID: 35489450 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is an emerging wastewater contaminant with probable human carcinogenicity. Our current understanding of microbial interactions during 1,4-dioxane biodegradation process in mixed cultures is limited. Here, we applied metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and co-occurrence network analyses to unraveling the microbial cooperation between degrader and non-degraders in an efficient 1,4-dioxane-degrading microbial consortium CH1. A 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterium, Ancylobacter polymorphus ZM13, was isolated from CH1 and had a potential of being one of the important degraders due to its high relative abundance, highly expressed monooxygenase genes tmoABCDEF and high betweenness centrality of networks. The strain ZM13 cooperated obviously with 6 bacterial genera in the network, among which Xanthobacter and Mesorhizobium could be involved in the intermediates metabolism with responsible genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh), glycolate oxidase (glcDEF), glyoxylate carboligase (gcl), malate synthase (glcB) and 2-isopropylmalate synthase (leuA) differentially high-expressed. Also, 1,4-dioxane facilitated the shift of biodiversity and function of CH1, and those cooperators cooperated with ZM13 in the way of providing amino acids or fatty acids, as well as relieving environmental stresses to promote biodegradation. These results provide new insights into our understandings of the microbial interactions during 1,4-dioxane degradation, and have important implications for predicting microbial cooperation and constructing efficient and stable synthetic 1,4-dioxane-degrading consortia for practical remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Dai
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kankan Zhao
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Sauk AH, Hug LA. Substrate-restricted methanogenesis and limited volatile organic compound degradation in highly diverse and heterogeneous municipal landfill microbial communities. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:58. [PMID: 37938269 PMCID: PMC9723747 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities in landfills transform waste and generate methane in an environment unique from other built and natural environments. Landfill microbial diversity has predominantly been observed at the phylum level, without examining the extent of shared organismal diversity across space or time. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to examine the taxonomic and functional diversity of the microbial communities inhabiting a Southern Ontario landfill. The microbial capacity for volatile organic compound degradation in leachate and groundwater samples was correlated with geochemical conditions. Across the landfill, 25 bacterial and archaeal phyla were present at >1% relative abundance within at least one landfill sample, with Patescibacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria dominating. Methanogens were neither numerous nor particularly abundant, and were predominantly constrained to either acetoclastic or methylotrophic methanogenesis. The landfill microbial community was highly heterogeneous, with 90.7% of organisms present at only one or two sites within this interconnected system. Based on diversity measures, the landfill is a microbial system undergoing a constant state of disturbance and change, driving the extreme heterogeneity observed. Significant differences in geochemistry occurred across the leachate and groundwater wells sampled, with calcium, iron, magnesium, boron, meta and para xylenes, ortho xylenes, and ethylbenzene concentrations contributing most strongly to observed site differences. Predicted microbial degradation capacities indicated a heterogeneous community response to contaminants, including identification of novel proteins implicated in anaerobic degradation of key volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Sauk
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Laura A Hug
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Degradation of 1,4-dioxane by Newly Isolated Acinetobacter sp. M21 with Molasses as the Auxiliary Substrate. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jackson LE, Robertson WM, Rohrssen M, Chappaz A, Lemke LD. Evaluation of 1,4-dioxane attenuation processes at the Gelman Site, Michigan, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153634. [PMID: 35149059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane released at the Gelman Site in Washtenaw County, Michigan, produced a series of contaminant plumes migrating up to 3 km through a heterogenous glacial aquifer system. An analysis of 1,4-dioxane concentrations in the Eastern Area of the Gelman Site between 2011 and 2017 documented a mass balance deficit of 2200 kg in excess of 2100 kg of 1,4-dioxane removed via remediation. Five mechanisms were evaluated to account for the mass deficiency: sorption, matrix diffusion, biodegradation, surface discharge, and bypass of the existing monitoring well network. The mass of 1,4-dioxane sorbed to aquifer and aquitard materials and the mass of 1,4-dioxane diffused into low permeability zones were estimated. However, decreasing aqueous concentrations across most of the contaminated area between 2011 and 2017 are expected to induce desorption and back diffusion during this period. Surface water discharge to a storm drain in the downgradient portion of the site was analyzed using concentration measurements and stream gage data. Results suggest that 1,4-dioxane mass entering the drain during the period between 2011 and 2017 was insufficient to account for the mass deficiency. Although available geochemical measurements indicate predominantly anaerobic aquifer conditions at the Gelman Site, biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane was estimated using first order decay rate constants from other sites where conditions may be more favorable. Results suggest that biodegradation could explain some but not all of the missing mass. Bypass of the downgradient monitoring well network is the most parsimonious explanation for the 1,4-dioxane mass deficit. This conclusion is supported by documented flow path complexity through the aquifer system and the sparse density of monitoring wells in the downgradient Eastern Area. These findings underscore the importance of characterizing aquifer heterogeneity when modeling and remediating persistent groundwater contaminants such as 1,4-dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Jackson
- Oklahoma Geological Survey, Mewbourne College of Earth and Energy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Earth and Ecosystem Science Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Wendy M Robertson
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Central Michigan University, 314 Brooks Hall, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Megan Rohrssen
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Central Michigan University, 314 Brooks Hall, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Anthony Chappaz
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Central Michigan University, 314 Brooks Hall, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; STARLAB, Central Michigan University, Brooks Hall 314, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Lawrence D Lemke
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Central Michigan University, 314 Brooks Hall, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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Rolston H, Hyman M, Semprini L. Single-well push-pull tests evaluating isobutane as a primary substrate for promoting in situ cometabolic biotransformation reactions. Biodegradation 2022; 33:349-371. [PMID: 35553282 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A series of single-well push-pull tests (SWPPTs) were performed to investigate the efficacy of isobutane (2-methylpropane) as a primary substrate for in situ stimulation of microorganisms able to cometabolically transform common groundwater contaminants, such as chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D). In biostimulation tests, the disappearance of isobutane relative to a nonreactive bromide tracer indicated an isobutane-utilizing microbial community rapidly developed in the aquifer around the test well. SWPPTs were performed as natural drift tests with first-order rates of isobutane consumption ranging from 0.4 to 1.4 day-1. Because groundwater contaminants were not present at the demonstration site, isobutene (2-methylpropene) was used as a nontoxic surrogate to demonstrate cometabolic activity in the subsurface after biostimulation. The transformation of isobutene to isobutene epoxide (2-methyl-1,2-epoxypropane) illustrates the epoxidation process previously shown for common groundwater contaminants after cometabolic transformation by alkane-utilizing bacteria. The rate and extent of isobutene consumption and the formation and transformation of isobutene epoxide were greater in the presence of isobutane, with no evidence of primary substrate inhibition. Modeled concentrations of isobutane-utilizing biomass in microcosms constructed with groundwater collected before and after each SWPPT offered additional evidence that the isobutane-utilizing microbial community was stimulated in the aquifer. Experiments in groundwater microcosms also demonstrated that the isobutane-utilizing bacteria stimulated in the subsurface could cometabolically transform a mixture of co-substrates including isobutene, 1,1-dichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and 1,4-D with the same co-substrate preferences as the bacterium Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC strain 21198 after growth on isobutane. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of isobutane as primary substrate for stimulating in situ cometabolic activity and the use of isobutene as surrogate to investigate in situ cometabolic reactions catalyzed by isobutane-stimulated bacteria.
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AlAhadeb JI. Effective biodeterioration of a common endocrine disruptor 17β-estradiol using mixed microbial cultures isolated from waste water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112559. [PMID: 34919958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Twelve bacteria were isolated from wastewater for the degradation of 17β-estradiol (strain K1, K2, K3, K4, L5, L6, L7, L8, M9, M10, M11 and M12) by enrichment method. Initial screening revealed maximum degradation (78 ± 1.1%, and 86 ± 4.2%) of 17β-estradiol by strains L7, and M10, respectively. The production of manganese peroxidase by bacteria gets involved in the degradation of various contaminants. Almost all strains isolated from the enriched medium produced manganese peroxidase. Based on initial screening on 17β-estradiol degradation and manganese peroxidase production, two bacteria (Flavobacterium longum L7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa M10) were selected to analyze 17β-estradiol degradation in co-culture system. The co-cultured strains could rapidly remove 17β-estradiol (91.3%) from the culture medium at 10 mg/L 17β-estradiol initial concentration. Moreover, degradation of 17β-estradiol was only 82% and 75% when the strains L7 and M10 were treated individually. Initial 17β-estradiol concentration was 10 mg/L and 0.3% inoculum were optimum and achieved >90% degradation. Alkaline pH was optimum (pH 7.5) and reached 98.4 ± 7.5% degradation in co-culture. Glucose and trehalose improved the growth and degradation of 17β-estradiol. The organic nitrogen sources such as, yeast extract and peptone improved the removal of 17β-estradiol. The selected bacterial strains were resistant against penicillin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline. The present findings demonstrated the application of F. longum L7 and P. aeruginosa M10 co-culture for the removal of steroid hormones in the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Ibrahim AlAhadeb
- Department of Biology, College of Education (Majmaah), Majmaah University, P.O. Box 66, AlMajmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
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Satasiya GV, Bhojani G, Kikani M, Amit C, Dineshkumar R, Kumar MA. Response surface algorithm for improved biotransformation of 1,4-dioxane using Staphylococcus capitis strain AG. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112511. [PMID: 34871598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation reports the biotransformation of an endrocrine disrupting agent; 1,4-dioxane through bacterial metabolism. Initially, potential bacterial isolates capable of surviving with minimum 1,4-dioxane were screened from industrial wastewater. Thereafter, screening was done to isolate a bacteria which can biotransform higher concentration (1000 mg/L) of 1,4-dioxane. Morphological and biochemical features were examined prior establishing their phylogenetic relationships and the bacterium was identified as Staphylococcus capitis strain AG. Biotransformation experiments were tailored using response surface tool and predictions were made to elucidate the opimal conditions. Critical factors influencing bio-transformation efficiency such as tetrahydrofuran, availability of 1,4-dioxane and inoculum size were varied at three different levels as per the central composite design for ameliorating 1,4-dioxane removal. Functional attenuation of 1,4-dioxane by S. capitis strain AG were understood using spectroscopic techniques were significant changes in the peak positions and chemical shifts were visualized. Mass spectral profile revealed that 1.5 (% v/v) S. capitis strain AG could completely (∼99%) remove 1000 mg/L 1,4-dioxane, when incubated with 2 μg/L tetrahydrofuran for 96 h. The toxicity of 1,4-dioxane and biotransformed products by S. capitis strain AG were tested on Artemia salina. The results of toxicity tests revealed that the metabolic products were less toxic as they exerted minimal mortality rate after 48 h exposure. Thus, this research would be the first to report the response prediction and precise tailoring of 1,4-dioxane biotransformation using S. captis strain AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Vijaybhai Satasiya
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopal Bhojani
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Prades, India
| | - Mansi Kikani
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Chanchpara Amit
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Prades, India
| | - Ramalingam Dineshkumar
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Prades, India
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Prades, India.
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Efficacy of Continuous Flow Reactors for Biological Treatment of 1,4-Dioxane Contaminated Textile Wastewater Using a Mixed Culture. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the biodegradation of 1,4–dioxane using a mixed biological culture grown in textile wastewater sludge with 1,4–dioxane as the sole carbon source. The conditions for the long-term evaluation of 1,4–dioxane degradation were determined and optimized by batch scale analysis. Moreover, Monod’s model was used to determine the biomass decay rate and unknown parameters. The soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) was used to determine the concentration of 1,4–dioxane in the batch test, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to measure the concentrations via long-term wastewater analysis. Two types of reactors (continuous stirred reactor (CSTR) and plug flow reactor (PFR)) for the treatment of 1,4–dioxane from textile wastewater were operated for more than 120 days under optimized conditions. These used the mixed microbial culture grown in textile wastewater sludge and 1,4–dioxane as the sole carbon source. The results indicated efficient degradation of 1,4–dioxane by the mixed culture in the presence of a competitive inhibitor, with an increase in degradation time from 13.37 h to 55 h. A specific substrate utilization rate of 0.0096 mg 1,4–dioxane/mg MLVSS/h was observed at a hydraulic retention time of 20 h for 20 days of operation in a biomass concentration of 3000 mg/L produced by the mixed microbial culturing process. In the long-term analysis, effluent concentrations of 3 mg/L and <1 mg/L of 1,4–dioxane were observed for CSTR and PFR, respectively. The higher removal efficacy of PFR was due to the production of more MLVSS at 4000 mg/L compared to the outcome of 3000 mg/L in CSTR in a competitive environment.
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Environmental Potential for Microbial 1,4-Dioxane Degradation Is Sparse despite Mobile Elements Playing a Role in Trait Distribution. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0209121. [PMID: 35297726 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02091-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (dioxane) is an emerging contaminant of concern for which bioremediation is seen as a promising solution. To date, eight distinct gene families have been implicated in dioxane degradation, though only dioxane monooxygenase (DXMO) from Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans is routinely used as a biomarker in environmental surveys. In order to assess the functional and taxonomic diversity of bacteria capable of dioxane degradation, we collated existing, poorly-organized information on known biodegraders to create a curated suite of biomarkers with confidence levels for assessing 1,4-dioxane degradation potential. The characterized enzyme systems for dioxane degradation are frequently found on mobile elements, and we identified that many of the curated biomarkers are associated with other hallmarks of genomic rearrangements, indicating lateral gene transfer plays a role in dissemination of this trait. This is contrasted by the extremely limited phylogenetic distribution of known dioxane degraders, where all representatives belong to four classes within three bacterial phyla. Based on the curated set of expanded biomarkers, a search of more than 11,000 publicly available metagenomes identified a sparse and taxonomically limited distribution of potential dioxane degradation proteins. Our work provides an important and necessary structure to the current knowledge base for dioxane degradation and clarifies the potential for natural attenuation of dioxane across different environments. It further highlights a disconnect between the apparent mobility of these gene families and their limited distributions, indicating dioxane degradation may be difficult to integrate into a microorganism's metabolism. IMPORTANCE New regulatory limits for 1,4-dioxane in groundwater have been proposed or adopted in many countries, including the United States and Canada, generating a direct need for remediation options as well as better tools for assessing the fate of dioxane in an environment. A comprehensive suite of biomarkers associated with dioxane degradation was identified and then leveraged to examine the global potential for dioxane degradation in natural and engineered environments. We identified consistent differences in the dioxane-degrading gene families associated with terrestrial, aquatic, and wetland environments, indicating reliance on a single biomarker for assessing natural attenuation of dioxane is likely to miss key players. Most environments do not currently host the capacity for dioxane degradation-the sparse distribution of dioxane degradation potential highlights the need for bioaugmentation approaches over biostimulation of naturally occurring microbial communities.
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Alviz-Gazitua P, Durán RE, Millacura FA, Cárdenas F, Rojas LA, Seeger M. Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 Possesses Aromatic Catabolic Versatility and Degrades Benzene in the Presence of Mercury and Cadmium. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020484. [PMID: 35208938 PMCID: PMC8879955 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal co-contamination in crude oil-polluted environments may inhibit microbial bioremediation of hydrocarbons. The model heavy metal-resistant bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 possesses cadmium and mercury resistance, as well as genes related to the catabolism of hazardous BTEX aromatic hydrocarbons. The aims of this study were to analyze the aromatic catabolic potential of C. metallidurans CH34 and to determine the functionality of the predicted benzene catabolic pathway and the influence of cadmium and mercury on benzene degradation. Three chromosome-encoded bacterial multicomponent monooxygenases (BMMs) are involved in benzene catabolic pathways. Growth assessment, intermediates identification, and gene expression analysis indicate the functionality of the benzene catabolic pathway. Strain CH34 degraded benzene via phenol and 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. Transcriptional analyses revealed a transition from the expression of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (tomB) in the early exponential phase to catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (catA1 and catA2) in the late exponential phase. The minimum inhibitory concentration to Hg (II) and Cd (II) was significantly lower in the presence of benzene, demonstrating the effect of co-contamination on bacterial growth. Notably, this study showed that C. metallidurans CH34 degraded benzene in the presence of Hg (II) or Cd (II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alviz-Gazitua
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile; (P.A.-G.); (R.E.D.); (F.A.M.); (F.C.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno 5311890, Chile
| | - Roberto E. Durán
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile; (P.A.-G.); (R.E.D.); (F.A.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Felipe A. Millacura
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile; (P.A.-G.); (R.E.D.); (F.A.M.); (F.C.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, UK
| | - Franco Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile; (P.A.-G.); (R.E.D.); (F.A.M.); (F.C.)
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Luis A. Rojas
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile;
| | - Michael Seeger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile; (P.A.-G.); (R.E.D.); (F.A.M.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: or
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Adamson DT, Wilson JT, Freedman DL, Ramos-García AA, Lebrón C, Danko A. Establishing the prevalence and relative rates of 1,4-dioxane biodegradation in groundwater to improve remedy evaluations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127736. [PMID: 34802822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Options for remediating 1,4-dioxane at groundwater sites are limited due to the physical-chemical properties of this compound. The relevance of natural attenuation processes for 1,4-dioxane was investigated through data from field, lab, and modeling efforts. The objectives were to use multiple lines of evidence for 1,4-dioxane biodegradation to understand the prevalence of this activity and evaluate convergence between lines of evidence. A 14C-1,4-dioxane assay confirmed 1,4-dioxane biodegradation at 9 of 10 sites (median rate constant of 0.0105 yr-1 across wells). Site-wide rate constants were established using a calibrated fate and transport model at 8 sites (median = 0.075 yr-1). The 14C assay constants are likely more conservative, and variability in rates suggested that biodegradation at sites may be localized. Stable isotope fractionation was observed at 7 of 10 sites and served as another direct line of evidence of in situ biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane. This includes sites where indirect lines of evidence, including geochemical conditions or genetic biomarkers for degradation, would not necessarily have been supportive. This highlights the importance of collecting multiple lines of evidence to document 1,4-dioxane natural attenuation, and the widespread prevalence of biodegradation suggests that this process should be part of long-term management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John T Wilson
- Scissortail Environmental Solutions LLC., Ada, OK, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Danko
- Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command - Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center, Port Hueneme, CA, USA
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García ÁAR, Adamson DT, Wilson JT, Lebrón C, Danko AS, Freedman DL. Evaluation of natural attenuation of 1,4-dioxane in groundwater using a 14C assay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127540. [PMID: 34763286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) is a preferred remedy for sites contaminated with 1,4-dioxane due to its low cost and limited environmental impacts compared to active remediation. Having a robust estimate of the rate at which biodegradation occurs is an essential component of assessing MNA. In this study, an assay was developed using 14C-labeled 1,4-dioxane to measure rate constants for biodegradation based on accumulation of 14C products. Purification of the 14C-1,4-dioxane stock solution lowered the level of 14C impurities to below 1% of the total 14C activity. This enabled determination of rate constants in groundwater as low as 0.0021 yr-1, equating to a half-life greater than 300 years. Of the 54 groundwater samples collected from 10 sites in the US, statistically significant rate constants were determined with the 14C assay for 24. The median rate constant was 0.0138 yr-1 (half-life = 50 yr); the maximum rate constant was 0.367 yr-1 (half-life = 1.9 yr). The results confirmed that biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane is occurring at 9 of the 10 sites sampled, albeit with considerable variability in the level of activity. The specificity of the assay was confirmed using acetylene and the absence of oxygen to inhibit monooxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel A Ramos García
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - John T Wilson
- Scissortail Environmental Solutions LLC., Ada, OK, USA
| | | | - Anthony S Danko
- Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command - Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center, Port Hueneme, CA, USA
| | - David L Freedman
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Nabilah B, Purnomo AS, Rizqi HD, Putro HS, Nawfa R. The effect of Ralstonia pickettii bacterium addition on methylene blue dye biodecolorization by brown-rot fungus Daedalea dickinsii. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08963. [PMID: 35243083 PMCID: PMC8860926 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is one of synthetic dyes that is used in the textile industry which is difficult to degrade in nature. Previously, the brown-rot fungus (BRF) Daedalea dickinsii had shown a good ability to degrade MB, however, the decolorization ability was relatively still low and had a long period of incubation. Therefore, improvement of process is needed to increase the ability of D. dickinsii to decolorize MB. In this study, the effect of Ralstonia pickettii bacterium addition on MB biodecolorization by the BRF D. dickinsii in potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium was investigated. The amount of R. picketti that was added to the culture of D. dickinsii were 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mL (1 mL ≈ 1.39 × 108 CFU). The cultures had ability to decolorize MB (100 mg/L) at 30 °C after 7 days incubation. The highest percentage of MB biodecolorization was obtained at addition of 10 mL of R. pickettii approximately 89%, while biodecolorization process by particularly D. dickinsii was approximately 17%. The MB degradation metabolites by mixed cultures of D. dickinsii and 10 mL of R. pickettii were Azure A, thionine, glucose-MB, C12H11N3SO6 and C12H13N3O6. This study indicated that the addition of R. pickettii could enhance MB biodecolorization by fungus D. dickinsii. Besides that, this study also indicated that mixed cultures of D. dickinsii and R. pickettii has great potential for high efficiency, fast and cheap dye wastewater treatment.
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Cupples AM, Thelusmond JR. Predicting the occurrence of monooxygenases and their associated phylotypes in soil microcosms. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 193:106401. [PMID: 34973287 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cometabolic oxidation involves the oxidation of chemicals often by monooxygenases or dioxygenases and can be a removal process for environmental contaminants such as trichloroethene (TCE) or 1,4-dioxane. Information on the occurrence of these genes and their associated microorganisms in environmental samples has the potential to enhance our understanding of contaminant removal. The overall aims were to 1) ascertain which genes encoding for monooxygenases (from methanotrophs, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and toluene/phenol oxidizers) and other key enzymes are present in soil microcosms and 2) determine which phylotypes are associated with those genes. The approach involved a predictive tool called PICRUSt2 and 16S rRNA gene amplicon datasets from two previous soil microcosm studies. The following targets from the KEGG database were examined: pmo/amo, mmo, dmp/pox/tomA, tmo/tbu/tou, bssABC (and downstream genes), tod, xylM, xylA, gst, dhaA, catE, dbfA1, dbfA2 and phenol 2-monooxygenase. A large number of phylotypes were associated with pmo/amo, while mmo was linked to only five. Several phylotypes were associated with both pmo/amo and mmo. The most dominant microorganism predicted for mmoX was Mycobacterium (also predicted for pmo/amo). A large number of phylotypes were associated with all six genes from the dmp/pox/tomA KEGG group. The taxonomic associations predicted for the tmo/tbu/tou KEGG group were more limited. In both datasets, Geobacter was a key phylotype for benzylsuccinate synthase. The dioxygenase-mediated toluene degradation pathway encoded by todC1C2BA was largely absent, as were the genes (xylM, xylA) encoding for xylene monooxygenase. All other genes investigated were predicted to be present and were associated with a number of microorganisms. Overall, the analysis predicted the genes encoding for sMMO (mmo), T3MO/T3MO/ToMO (tmo/tbu/tou) and benzylsuccinate synthase (bssABC) are present for a limited number of phylotypes compared to those encoding for pMMO/AMO (pmo/amo) and phenol monooxygenase/T2MO (dmp/poxA/tomA). These findings suggest in soils contaminant removal via pMMO/AMO or phenol monooxygenase/T2MO may be common because of the occurrence of these enzymes with a large number of phylotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Cupples
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Jean-Rene Thelusmond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Dang H, Cupples AM. Identification of the phylotypes involved in cis-dichloroethene and 1,4-dioxane biodegradation in soil microcosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148690. [PMID: 34198077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Co-contamination with chlorinated compounds and 1,4-dioxane has been reported at many sites. Recently, there has been an increased interest in bioremediation because of the potential to degrade multiple contaminants concurrently. Towards improving bioremediation efficacy, the current study examined laboratory microcosms (inoculated separately with two soils) to determine the phylotypes and functional genes associated with the biodegradation of two common co-contaminants (cis-dichloroethene [cDCE] and 1,4-dioxane). The impact of amending microcosms with lactate on cDCE and 1,4-dioxane biodegradation was also investigated. The presence of either lactate or cDCE did not impact 1,4-dioxane biodegradation one of the two soils. Lactate appeared to improve the initiation of the biological removal of cDCE in microcosms inoculated with either soil. Stable isotope probing (SIP) was then used to determine which phylotypes were actively involved in carbon uptake from cDCE and 1,4-dioxane in both soil communities. The most enriched phylotypes for 13C assimilation from 1,4-dioxane included Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodanobacter. Propane monooxygenase was predicted (by PICRUSt2) to be dominant in the 1,4-dioxane amended microbial communities and propane monooxygenase gene abundance values correlated with other enriched (but less abundant) phylotypes for 13C-1,4-dioxane assimilation. The dominant enriched phylotypes for 13C assimilation from cDCE included Bacteriovorax, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. In the cDCE amended soil microcosms, PICRUSt2 predicted the presence of DNA encoding glutathione S-transferase (a known cDCE upregulated enzyme). Overall, the work demonstrated concurrent removal of cDCE and 1,4-dioxane by indigenous soil microbial communities and the enhancement of cDCE removal by lactate. The data generated on the phylotypes responsible for carbon uptake (as determined by SIP) could be incorporated into diagnostic molecular methods for site characterization. The results suggest concurrent biodegradation of cDCE and 1,4-dioxane should be considered for chlorinated solvent site remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Dang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alison M Cupples
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Chen R, Miao Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhong M, Adams JM, Dong Y, Mahendra S. Identification of novel 1,4-dioxane degraders and related genes from activated sludge by taxonomic and functional gene sequence analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125157. [PMID: 33540262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study used integrated omics technologies to investigate the potential novel pathways and enzymes for 1,4-dioxane degradation by a consortium enriched from activated sludge of a domestic wastewater treatment plant. An unclassified genus belonging to Xanthobacteraceae increased significantly after magnetic nanoparticle-mediated isolation for 1,4-dioxane degraders. Species with relatively higher abundance (> 0.3%) were identified to present high metabolic activities in the biodegradation process through shotgun sequencing. The functional gene investigations revealed that Xanthobacter sp. 91, Xanthobacter sp. 126, and a Rhizobiales strain carried novel 1,4-dioxane-hydroxylating monooxygenase genes. Xanthobacter sp. 126 contained the genes coding for glycolate oxidase, which was the main enzyme responsible for utilization of 1,4-dioxane intermediates through the TCA cycle, and further proven by the specific glycolate oxidase inhibitor, α-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethanesulfonic acid. An expanded and detailed degradation pathway of 1,4-dioxane was proposed on the basis of the three major intermediates (2-hydroxy-1,4-dioxane, ethylene glycol, and oxalic acid) confirmed by metabolomics. These findings of microbial community and function as well as the novel pathway will be valuable in predicting natural attenuation or reconstruction of a bacterial consortium for enhanced remediation of 1,4-dioxane-contaminated sites as well as wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Site Remediation Technologies, Beijing 100015, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | | | - Yuanhua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Lee CS, Asato C, Wang M, Mao X, Gobler CJ, Venkatesan AK. Removal of 1,4-dioxane during on-site wastewater treatment using nitrogen removing biofilters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144806. [PMID: 33548721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence and release of 1,4-dioxane to groundwater from onsite-wastewater treatment systems (OWTS), which represent 25% of the total wastewater treatment in the U.S., has not been studied to date. In this study we monitored 1,4-dioxane in six septic tank effluents (STE) and receiving OWTS installed at residences on Long Island (LI), NY, for a period of 15 months. We specifically evaluated the performance of Nitrogen Removing Biofilters (NRBs) as an innovative/alternative-OWTS, consisting of a top sand layer and a bottom woodchip/sand layer, to simultaneously remove nitrogen and 1,4-dioxane. 1,4-Dioxane levels in STE (mean: 1.49 μg L-1; range: 0.07-8.45 μg L-1; n = 37) were on average > 15 times higher than tap water from these residences, demonstrating that 1,4-dioxane primarily originated from the use of household products. NRBs were effective in removing both 1,4-dioxane and total nitrogen with an overall removal efficiency of 56 ± 20% and 88 ± 12%, respectively. The majority of 1,4-dioxane removal (~80%) occurred in the top oxic layer of the NRBs. The detection of functional genes (dxmB, prmA, and thmA), which encode for metabolic and co-metabolic 1,4-dioxane degradation, in NRBs provides the first field evidence of aerobic microbial degradation of 1,4-dioxane occurring in a wastewater system. Given that there are ~500,000 conventional OWTS on LI, the 1,4-dioxane discharge to groundwater from residential wastewater was estimated at 195 ± 205 kg yr -1, suggesting high risk of contamination to shallow aquifers. The results also demonstrate that installation of NRBs can reduce 1,4-dioxane to levels even lower than the NY State drinking water standard of 1 μg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shiuan Lee
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Asato
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794, United States of America
| | - Mian Wang
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794, United States of America; Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Xinwei Mao
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794, United States of America; Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794, United States of America; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Arjun K Venkatesan
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794, United States of America; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America; Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America.
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Ibrahim S, Gupta RK, War AR, Hussain B, Kumar A, Sofi T, Noureldeen A, Darwish H. Degradation of chlorpyriphos and polyethylene by endosymbiotic bacteria from citrus mealybug. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3214-3224. [PMID: 34121858 PMCID: PMC8176133 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyriphos is one of the major organophosphorus pesticides used widely to control a range of insect pests across several crops. This insecticide is hazardous to the environment and toxic to mammals, thus, it is essential to remove the same from the environment. Similarly, use of polythene is also increasing day by day. Therefore, it is highly important to identify ways to degrade chlorpyriphos and other pesticides from the environment. We studied the degradation of chlorpyriphos and polyethylene by Citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri) bacterial endosymbionts such as Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas cereus, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis. This investigation revealed that bacterial endosymbionts use the polythene as a source of carbon and solubilize them by their enzymatic machinery. The degradation of polyethylene by endosymbionts showed a significant reduction in weight of polyethylene sheet after 15, 30 and 45 days of treatment. The SEM images showed localized degradation of the polyethylene around the bacterial cells in the biofilm. Further, the tensile strength (percentage elongation) was significantly reduced after 45 days of incubation. The weight of paraffin wax showed significant reduction in B. cereus. A significant reduction in total amount of chlorpyriphos in soil was observed at an interval of 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment by the bacterial isolates. Among the bacteria, B. cereus and P. putida were found to be most effective. The results from this study show that endosymbionts can be significantly implicated in degrading chlorpyriphos and polyethylene from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Ibrahim
- Division of Entomology, SKUAST-J, Chatta-180009, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Division of Entomology, SKUAST-J, Chatta-180009, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Rasheed War
- World Vegetable Center, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru-502324, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Barkat Hussain
- Division of Entomology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar Campus-190025, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Instrumentation Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road-180001, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tariq Sofi
- Division of Plant Pathology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar-190025, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ahmad Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Luo YH, Long X, Wang B, Zhou C, Tang Y, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Rittmann BE. A Synergistic Platform for Continuous Co-removal of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Trichloroethene, and 1,4-Dioxane via Catalytic Dechlorination Followed by Biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6363-6372. [PMID: 33881824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater co-contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), and trichloroethene (TCE) is among the most urgent environmental concerns of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and industries related to chlorinated solvents. Inspired by the pressing need to remove all three contaminants at many sites, we tested a synergistic platform: catalytic reduction of 1,1,1-TCA and TCE to ethane in a H2-based membrane palladium-film reactor (H2-MPfR), followed by aerobic biodegradation of ethane and 1,4-dioxane in an O2-based membrane biofilm reactor (O2-MBfR). During 130 days of continuous operation, 1,1,1-TCA and TCE were 95-98% reductively dechlorinated to ethane in the H2-MPfR, and ethane served as the endogenous primary electron donor for promoting 98.5% aerobic biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane in the O2-MBfR. In addition, the small concentrations of the chlorinated intermediate from the H2-MPfR, dichloroethane (DCA) and monochloroethane (MCA), were fully biodegraded through aerobic biodegradation in the O2-MBfR. The biofilms in the O2-MBfR were enriched in phylotypes closely related to the genera Pseudonocardia known to biodegrade 1,4-dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Luo
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 United States
| | - Xiangxing Long
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85008, United States
| | - Boya Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 United States
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 United States
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 United States
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Tusher TR, Shimizu T, Inoue C, Chien MF. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Bacteria Capable of Degrading 1,4-Dioxane in the Presence of Diverse Co-Occurring Compounds. Microorganisms 2021; 9:887. [PMID: 33919159 PMCID: PMC8143092 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradation is found to be a promising, cost-effective and eco-friendly option for the treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated by 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D), a highly stable synthetic chemical and probable human carcinogen. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize metabolic 1,4-D-degrading bacteria from a stable 1,4-D-degrading microbial consortium. Three bacterial strains (designated as strains TS28, TS32, and TS43) capable of degrading 1,4-D as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated and identified as Gram-positive Pseudonocardia sp. (TS28) and Gram-negative Dokdonella sp. (TS32) and Afipia sp. (TS43). This study, for the first time, confirmed that the genus Dokdonella is involved in the biodegradation of 1,4-D. The results reveal that all of the isolated strains possess inducible 1,4-D-degrading enzymes and also confirm the presence of a gene encoding tetrahydrofuran/dioxane monooxygenase (thmA/dxmA) belonging to group 5 soluble di-iron monooxygenases (SDIMOs) in both genomic and plasmid DNA of each of the strains, which is possibly responsible for the initial oxidation of 1,4-D. Moreover, the isolated strains showed a broad substrate range and are capable of degrading 1,4-D in the presence of additional substrates, including easy-to-degrade compounds, 1,4-D biodegradation intermediates, structural analogs, and co-contaminants of 1,4-D. This indicates the potential of the isolated strains, especially strain TS32, in removing 1,4-D from contaminated industrial wastewater containing additional organic load. Additionally, the results will help to improve our understanding of how multiple 1,4-D-degraders stably co-exist and interact in the consortium, relying on a single carbon source (1,4-D) in order to develop an efficient biological 1,4-D treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Roy Tusher
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8579, Japan; (T.R.T.); (T.S.); (C.I.)
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Takuya Shimizu
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8579, Japan; (T.R.T.); (T.S.); (C.I.)
| | - Chihiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8579, Japan; (T.R.T.); (T.S.); (C.I.)
| | - Mei-Fang Chien
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8579, Japan; (T.R.T.); (T.S.); (C.I.)
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Miao Y, Heintz MB, Bell CH, Johnson NW, Polasko AL, Favero D, Mahendra S. Profiling microbial community structures and functions in bioremediation strategies for treating 1,4-dioxane-contaminated groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124457. [PMID: 33189472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community compositions and functional profiles were analyzed in microcosms established using aquifer materials from a former automobile factory site, where 1,4-dioxane was identified as the primary contaminant of concern. Propane or oxygen biostimulation resulted in limited 1,4-dioxane degradation, which was markedly enhanced with the addition of nutrients, resulting in abundant Mycobacterium and Methyloversatilis taxa and high expressions of propane monooxygenase gene, prmA. In bioaugmented treatments, Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 or Rhodococcus ruber ENV425 strains dominated immediately after augmentation and degraded 1,4-dioxane rapidly which was consistent with increased representation of xenobiotic and lipid metabolism-related functions. Although the bioaugmented microbes decreased due to insufficient growth substrates and microbial competition, they did continue to degrade 1,4-dioxane, presumably by indigenous propanotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria, inducing similar community structures across bioaugmentation conditions. In various treatments, functional redundancy acted as buffer capacity to ensure a stable microbiome, drove the restoration of the structure and microbial functions to original levels, and induced the decoupling between basic metabolic functions and taxonomy. The results of this study provided valuable information for design and decision-making for ex-situ bioreactors and in-situ bioremediation applications. A metagenomics-based understanding of the treatment process will enable efficient and accurate adjustments when encountering unexpected issues in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Monica B Heintz
- Arcadis North America, Highlands Ranch, CO 80129, United States
| | | | - Nicholas W Johnson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Alexandra LaPat Polasko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - David Favero
- Revitalizing Auto Communities Environmental Response (RACER) Trust, Detroit, MI 48226, United States
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Ma F, Wang Y, Yang J, Guo H, Su D, Yu L. Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane by Xanthobacter sp. YN2. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:992-1005. [PMID: 33547937 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a highly toxic and carcinogenic pollutant found worldwide in groundwater and soil environments. Several microorganisms have been isolated by their ability to grow on 1,4-dioxane; however, low 1,4-dioxane tolerance and slow degradation kinetics remain obstacles for their use in 1,4-dioxane bioremediation. We report here the isolation and characterization of a new strain, Xanthobacter sp. YN2, capable of highly efficient 1,4-dioxane degradation. High degradation efficiency and high tolerance to 1,4-dioxane make this new strain an ideal candidate for the biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane in various treatment facilities. The maximum degradation rate of 1,4-dioxane was found to be 1.10 mg-1,4-dioxane/h mg-protein. Furthermore, Xanthobacter sp. YN2 was shown to grow in the presence of higher than 3000 mg/L 1,4-dioxane with little to no degradation inhibition. In addition, Xanthobacter sp. YN2 could grow on and degrade 1,4-dioxane at pH ranges 5 to 8 and temperatures between 20 and 40 °C. Xanthobacter sp. YN2 was also found to be able to grow on a variety of other substrates including several analogs of 1,4-dioxane. Genome sequence analyses revealed the presence of two soluble di-iron monooxygenase (SDIMO) gene clusters, and regulation studies determined that all of the genes in these two clusters were upregulated in the presence of 1,4-dioxane. This study provides insights into the bacterial stress response and the highly efficient biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane as well as the identification of a novel Group-2 SDIMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yingning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Haijuan Guo
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Delin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Abstract
In this study, a microbial community of bacteria was investigated for 1,4-dioxane(1,4-D) biodegradation. The enriched culture was investigated for 1,4-dioxane mineralization, co-metabolism of 1,4-dioxane and extra carbon sources, and characterized 1,4-dioxane biodegradation kinetics. The mineralization test indicates that the enriched culture was able to degrade 1,4-dioxane as the sole carbon and energy source. Interestingly, the distribution of 1,4-dioxane into the final biodegrading products were 36.9% into biomass, 58.3% completely mineralized to CO2, and about 4% escaped as VOC. The enriched culture has a high affinity with 1,4-dioxane during biodegradation. The kinetic coefficients of the Monod equation were qmax = 0.0063 mg 1,4-D/mg VSS/h, Ks = 9.42 mg/L, YT = 0.43 mg VSS/mg 1,4-dioxane and the decay rate was kd = 0.023 mg/mg/h. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethylene glycol were both consumed together with 1,4-dioxane by the enriched culture; however, ethylene glycol did not show any influence on 1,4-dioxane biodegradation, while THF proved to be a competitive.
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45
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Simmer R, Mathieu J, da Silva MLB, Lashmit P, Gopishetty S, Alvarez PJJ, Schnoor JL. Bioaugmenting the poplar rhizosphere to enhance treatment of 1,4-dioxane. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140823. [PMID: 32721670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a highly mobile and persistent groundwater pollutant that often forms large dilute plumes. Because of this, utilizing aggressive pump-and-treat and ex-situ technologies such as advanced oxidation can be prohibitively expensive. In this study, we bioaugmented the poplar rhizosphere with dioxane-degrading bacteria Mycobacterium dioxanotrophicus PH-06 or Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 to enhance treatment of 1,4-dioxane in bench-scale experiments. All treatments tested removed 10 mg/L dioxane to near health advisory levels (<4 μg/L). However, PH-06-bioaugmented poplar significantly outperformed all other treatments, reaching <4 μg/L in only 13 days. Growth curve experiments confirmed that PH-06 could not utilize root extract as an auxiliary carbon source for growth. Despite this limitation, our findings suggest that PH-06 is a strong bioaugmentation candidate to enhance the treatment of dioxane by phytoremediation. In addition, we confirmed that CB1190 could utilize both 1,4-dioxane and root extract as substrates. Finally, we demonstrated the large-scale production of these two strains for use in the field. Overall, this study shows that combining phytoremediation and bioaugmentation is an attractive strategy to treat dioxane-contaminated groundwater to low risk-based concentrations (~1 μg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid Simmer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Jacques Mathieu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcio L B da Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip Lashmit
- Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, Office for the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, University of Iowa Research Park, The University of Iowa, Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Sridhar Gopishetty
- Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, Office for the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, University of Iowa Research Park, The University of Iowa, Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jerald L Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Discovery of an Inducible Toluene Monooxygenase That Cooxidizes 1,4-Dioxane and 1,1-Dichloroethylene in Propanotrophic Azoarcus sp. Strain DD4. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01163-20. [PMID: 32591384 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01163-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cometabolic degradation plays a prominent role in bioremediation of commingled groundwater contamination (e.g., chlorinated solvents and the solvent stabilizer 1,4-dioxane [dioxane]). In this study, we untangled the diversity and catalytic functions of multicomponent monooxygenases in Azoarcus sp. strain DD4, a Gram-negative propanotroph that is effective in degrading dioxane and 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE). Using a combination of knockout mutagenesis and heterologous expression, a toluene monooxygenase (MO) encoded by the tmoABCDEF gene cluster was unequivocally proved to be the key enzyme responsible for the cometabolism of both dioxane and 1,1-DCE. Interestingly, in addition to utilizing toluene as a primary substrate, this toluene MO can also oxidize propane into 1-propanol. Expression of this toluene MO in DD4 appears inducible by both substrates (toluene and propane) and their primary hydroxylation products (m-cresol, p-cresol, and 1-propanol). These findings coherently explain why DD4 can grow on propane and express toluene MO for active cooxidation of dioxane and 1,1-DCE. Furthermore, upregulation of tmo transcription by 1-propanol underlines the implication potential of using 1-propanol as an alternative auxiliary substrate for DD4 bioaugmentation. The discovery of this toluene MO in DD4 and its degradation and induction versatility can lead to broad applications, spanning from environmental remediation and water treatment to biocatalysis in green chemistry.IMPORTANCE Toluene MOs have been well recognized given their robust abilities to degrade a variety of environmental pollutants. Built upon previous research efforts, this study ascertained the untapped capability of a toluene MO in DD4 for effective cooxidation of dioxane and 1,1-DCE, two of the most prevailing yet challenging groundwater contaminants. This report also aligns the induction of a toluene MO with nontoxic and commercially accessible chemicals (e.g., propane and 1-propanol), extending its implications in the field of environmental microbiology and beyond.
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47
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da Silva MLB, He Y, Mathieu J, Alvarez PJJ. Enhanced long-term attenuation of 1,4-dioxane in bioaugmented flow-through aquifer columns. Biodegradation 2020; 31:201-211. [PMID: 32468172 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long term natural attenuation of 1,4-dioxane (dioxane) and its enhanced biodegradation after bioaugmentation with Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 were assessed using flow-through aquifer columns. Natural attenuation of dioxane was not observed even after 2 years of acclimation. However, dioxane removal was observed in the bioaugmented columns (34% when the influent was 200 µg/L and 92% for 5 mg/L). The thmA gene that encodes the tetrahydrofuran monooxygenase that initiates dioxane degradation by CB1190 was only detected at the inoculation port and persisted for months after inoculation, implying the resiliency of bioaugmentation and its potential to offer long-term enhanced biodegradation capabilities. However, due to extensive clumping and limited mobility of CB1190, the augmented catabolic potential may be restricted to the immediate vicinity of the inoculation port. Accordingly, bioaugmentation with CB1190 seems more appropriate for the establishment of biobarriers. Bioaugmentation efficiency was associated with the availability of oxygen. Aeration of the column influent to increase dissolved oxygen significantly improved dioxane removal (p < 0.05), suggesting that (for sites with oxygen-limiting conditions) bioaugmentation can benefit from engineered approaches for delivering additional oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jacques Mathieu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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48
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Xiong Y, Mason OU, Lowe A, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Chen G, Villalonga MJ, Tang Y. Investigating promising substrates for promoting 1,4-dioxane biodegradation: effects of ethane and tetrahydrofuran on microbial consortia. Biodegradation 2020; 31:171-182. [PMID: 32361902 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cometabolic biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane (dioxane) in the presence of primary substrates is a promising strategy for treating dioxane at environmentally relevant concentrations. Seven aqueous amendments (i.e., tetrahydrofuran (THF), butanone, acetone, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, phenol and acetate) and five gaseous amendments (i.e., C1-C4 alkanes and ethylene) were evaluated as the primary substrates for dioxane degradation by mixed microbial consortia. The aqueous amendments were tested in microcosm bottles and the gaseous amendments were tested in a continuous-flow membrane biofilm reactor with hollow fibers pressurized by the gaseous amendments. Ethane was found to be the most effective gaseous substrate and THF was the only aqueous substrate that promoted dioxane degradation. A diverse microbial community consisting of several putative dioxane degraders-Mycobacterium, Flavobacterium and Bradyrhizobiaceae-were enriched in the presence of ethane. This is the first study showing that ethane was the most effective substrate among the short-chain alkanes and it promoted dioxane degradation by enriching dioxane-degraders that did not harbor the well-known dioxane/tetrahydrofuran monooxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Olivia U Mason
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Ashlee Lowe
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Geosyntec Consultants Inc., Huntington Beach, CA, 92648, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Michael J Villalonga
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
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Miao Y, Johnson NW, Phan T, Heck K, Gedalanga PB, Zheng X, Adamson D, Newell C, Wong MS, Mahendra S. Monitoring, assessment, and prediction of microbial shifts in coupled catalysis and biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane and co-contaminants. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115540. [PMID: 32018172 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community dynamics were characterized following combined catalysis and biodegradation treatment trains for mixtures of 1,4-dioxane and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in laboratory microcosms. Although a few specific bacterial taxa are capable of removing 1,4-dioxane and individual CVOCs, many microorganisms are inhibited when these contaminants are present in mixtures. Chemical catalysis by tungstated zirconia (WOx/ZrO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a non-selective treatment was designed to achieve nearly 20% 1,4-dioxane and over 60% trichloroethene and 50% dichloroethene removals. Post-catalysis, bioaugmentation with 1,4-dioxane metabolizing bacterial strain,Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190, removed the remaining 1,4-dioxane. The evolution of the microbial community under different conditions was time-dependent but relatively independent of the concentrations of contaminants. The compositions of microbiomes tended to be similar regardless of complex contaminant mixtures during the biodegradation phase, indicating a r-K strategy transition attributed to the shock experienced during catalysis and the subsequent incubation. The originally dominant genera Pseudomonas and Ralstonia were sensitive to catalytic oxidation, and were overwhelmed by Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, and other catalyst-tolerant microbes, but microbes capable of biodegradation of organics thrived during the incubation. Methane metabolism, chloroalkane-, and chloroalkene degradation pathways appeared to be responsible for CVOC degradation, based on the identifications of haloacetate dehalogenases, 2-haloacid dehalogenases, and cytochrome P450 family. Network analysis highlighted the potential interspecies competition or commensalism, and dynamics of microbiomes during the biodegradation phase that were in line with shifting predominant genera, confirming the deterministic processes guiding the microbial assembly. Collectively, this study demonstrated that catalysis followed by bioaugmentation is an effective treatment for 1,4-dioxane in the presence of high CVOC concentrations, and it enhanced our understanding of microbial ecological impacts resulting from abiotic-biological treatment trains. These results will be valuable for predicting treatment synergies that lead to cost savings and improve remedial outcomes in short-term active remediation as well as long-term changes to the environmental microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Nicholas W Johnson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Thien Phan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Kimberly Heck
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, United States
| | - Phillip B Gedalanga
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, CA, 92834, United States
| | - Xiaoru Zheng
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - David Adamson
- GSI Environmental Inc., Houston, TX, 77098, United States
| | - Charles Newell
- GSI Environmental Inc., Houston, TX, 77098, United States
| | - Michael S Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, United States
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States.
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50
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Ramalingam V, Cupples AM. Anaerobic 1,4-dioxane biodegradation and microbial community analysis in microcosms inoculated with soils or sediments and different electron acceptors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4155-4170. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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