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Lusk MG, Garzon PS, Muni-Morgan A. Nitrogen forms and dissolved organic matter optical properties in bulk rainfall, canopy throughfall, and stormwater in a subtropical urban catchment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165243. [PMID: 37394069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of nitrogen (N) transformation in urban ecosystems is crucial in the protection of coastal water bodies because excess N may fuel harmful algae blooms (HABs). The purpose of this investigation was to study and identify the forms and concentrations of N in rainfall, throughfall, and stormwater runoff for 4 storm events in a subtropical urban ecosystem and to use fluorescence spectroscopy to evaluate the optical properties and expected lability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the same samples. The rainfall contained both inorganic and organic N pools, and organic N as nearly 50 % of total dissolved N in the rainfall. As water moved through the urban water cycle, from rainfall to stormwater and from rainfall to throughfall, it was enriched in total dissolved N, with most of the enrichment coming from dissolved organic N. Throughfall fluxes of total dissolved N were as high as 0.67 kg ha-1, compared to 0.44 kg ha-1 from rainfall, suggesting that the urban tree canopy can facilitate anthropogenic subsidies of N to the urban water cycle. Through analysis of sample optical properties, we saw that the throughfall presented the highest humification index and the lowest biological index when compared to rainfall, suggesting throughfall likely consists of higher molecular weight compounds of greater recalcitrance. This study highlights the importance of the dissolved organic N fraction of urban rainfall, stormwater, and throughfall and shows how the chemical composition of dissolved organic nutrients can change as rainfall is transformed into throughfall in the urban tree canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Lusk
- Soil, Water, and Ecosystems Science Department, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA.
| | - Paula Sanchez Garzon
- Soil, Water, and Ecosystems Science Department, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA
| | - Amanda Muni-Morgan
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA
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2
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Analysis of Unregulated VOCs Downstream a Three-Way Catalyst in a Simulated Gasoline Engine Exhaust under Non-Optimum Conditions. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban air pollution is partly due to exhaust emissions from road transport. Vehicle emissions have been regulated for more than 30 years in many countries around the world. Each motor type is equipped with a specific emission control system. In gasoline vehicles, a three-way catalytic converter (TWC) is implemented to remove at the same time hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, TWCs are only efficient above 200 °C and at a stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio in the exhaust. However, deviations from stoichiometry occur during fast accelerations and decelerations. This study reports the analysis of unregulated VOCs commercial mini-TWC fed by model gasoline gas mixtures. A synthetic gas bench was used to control the model exhaust containing two model hydrocarbons (propene and propane) to identify the conditions at which VOCs are created under non-optimal conditions. Most of the pollutants such as N2O and VOCs were emitted between 220 and 500 °C with a peak at around 280 °C, temperature which corresponds to the tipping point of the TWC activity. The combination of different mass spectrometric analysis (online and offline) allowed to identify many different VOCs: carbonated (acetone, acetaldehyde, acroleine), nitrile (acetonitrile, propanenitrile, acrylonitrile, cyanopropene) and aromatic (benzene, toluene) compounds. Growth mechanisms from propene and to a lesser extend propane are responsible for the formation of these higher aromatic compounds that could lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosol in a near-field area.
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Yin L, Song Z, Chang M, Zhang Q, Zhao B, Ning P. Synergetic effect between Fe and Ti species on Fe-Ti-O x for hydrogen cyanide purification. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:3531-3537. [PMID: 33944692 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1924289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Fe-Ti-Ox catalysts with the different Fe contents were used for the catalytic hydrolysis of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of H2O, which investigated the roles of Fe chemical valence and oxygen species in HCN removal and the production (NH3 and CO). The results implied that more amounts of Fe3+ species over Fe-Ti-Ox could increase the catalytic hydrolysis activity of HCN while Fe2+ species contributed to the formation of NH3 at high temperatures. Furthermore, the abundance of surface oxygen species was in favour of the catalytic performance of HCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangtao Yin
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxian Song
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mulan Chang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiulin Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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4
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Pan W, Chen GG, Zhang ZY, Cao XQ, Shen SL, Pang XH, Zhu Y. Benzoindoxazine derivatives containing carbazole for detection of CN - and its application in plant seed extracts and cell imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120644. [PMID: 34844855 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide (CN-) is a highly toxic compound that exists in many substances and is harmful to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop excellent CN- ion probes, especially solvent-induced on-off fluorescent probes. Based on the condensation reaction of indolo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine molecules with aldehydes, probes (E)-13a-(2-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)vinyl)-14,14-dimethyl-10-nitro-13a,14-dihydro-8H-benzo[e]benzo[5,6][1,3]oxazino[3,2-a]indole (NCO) and (E)-13a-(2-(9-benzyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)vinyl)-14,14-dimethyl-10-nitro-13a,14-dihydro-8H-benzo[e]benzo[5,6][1,3]oxazino[3,2-a]indole (NBO) were synthesized to detect CN-. Compared with other cyanogen ion probes, NCO and NBO have special carbazole ring structures and large conjugate systems. When CN- is added to the probe-detection solution, color changes that are visible to the naked eye can occur. The UV-vis spectrum test using differential spectroscopy shows that the probe (i) has excellent solvent-induced switching characteristics and stability (CH3OH-H2O) and (ii) high selectivity, anti-interference ability, and sensitivity for the detection of CN-. The fluorescence limit of detections (LODs) are 1.05 µM for NCO and 1.34 µM for NBO. The UV LODs are 0.83 µM for NCO and 0.87 µM for NBO. Fluorescence spectroscopy shows that the probe has remarkable fluorescence properties. Fluorescence titration experiments, liver cancer cell (Hep G2) imaging, and cytotoxicity experiments all show that the probes have high biocompatibility, low toxicity, high cell permeability, and high sensitivity for the detection of CN- in cells. In addition, NCO and NBO have been successfully used for the detection of cyanogenic glycosides in the seeds of ginkgo, crabapple, apple, and cherry. Test strips were fabricated to detect CN-. After adding CN-, the color of the test strip changed significantly-from brown to light yellow; thus, the test strips have a high application value in the fields of drug quality control, drug safety testing, and pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Guo-Guo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Zhen-You Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Shi-Li Shen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Xian-Hong Pang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, PR China.
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5
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Yi Z, Sun J, Li J, Zhou T, Wei S, Xie H, Yang Y. High efficient removal of HCN over porous CuO/CeO2 micro-nano spheres at lower temperature range. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yi Z, Sun J, Li J, Yang Y, Zhou T, Wei S, Zhu A. The highly efficient removal of HCN over Cu 8Mn 2/CeO 2 catalytic material. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8886-8896. [PMID: 35423391 PMCID: PMC8695306 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, porous CeO2 flower-like spheres loaded with bimetal oxides were prepared to achieve effective removal of HCN in the lower temperature region of 30–150 °C. Among all samples, the CeO2 loaded with copper and manganese oxides at the mass ratio of 8/2 (Cu8Mn2/CeO2) exhibited the highest catalytic activity: the HCN removal rate was nearly 100% at 90 °C at the conditions of 120 000 h−1 and 5 vol% H2O, the catalytic activity of which was higher than for other reported catalysts. The introduction of MnOx could improve the dispersion of CuO particles and increase the total acid sites of the prepared samples. It was proved that the synergy between CuO and MnOx, the chemisorption oxygen, the oxygen vacancies, the Cu2+ and Mn4+ all played an important role in determining the good catalytic activity of the prepared samples. NH3-TPD analysis indicated the introduction of MnOx promoted the conversion of NH3 and N2 selectivity by increasing the acid sites of the sample. According to the C, N balance data and FT-IR results, when the temperature was below 30 °C, the removal of HCN over Cu8Mn2/CeO2 was mainly by chemisorption and the HCN breakthrough behaviors corresponded to the Yoon and Nelson's model. When temperature was above 120 °C, the HCN was totally removed by catalytic hydrolysis and catalytic oxidation. In this work, porous CeO2 flower-like spheres loaded with bimetal oxides were prepared to achieve effective removal of HCN in the lower temperature region of 30–150 °C.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Chemistry Defense
- Institute of NBC Defense
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Chemistry Defense
- Institute of NBC Defense
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jigang Li
- Department of Chemistry Defense
- Institute of NBC Defense
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yulin Yang
- Department of Chemistry Defense
- Institute of NBC Defense
- Beijing
- China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Defense
- Institute of NBC Defense
- Beijing
- China
| | - Shouping Wei
- Department of Chemistry Defense
- Institute of NBC Defense
- Beijing
- China
| | - Anna Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian
- Beijing
- China
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7
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Goud DR, Sinha Roy K, Pardasani D, Purohit AK, Tak VK, Dubey DK. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric identification of cyanide using a nucleophilic substitution based derivatization with S-phenyl benzenethiosulfonate. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5839-5845. [PMID: 33227115 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel, simple and efficient analytical method for GC-MS based identification of cyanide has been developed using a single step nucleophilic substitution based derivatization of cyanide in aqueous medium. The nucleophilic substitution reaction of cyanide with S-phenyl benzenethiosulfonate results in the formation of phenyl thiocyanate as a cyanide derivative and it was found that the relative response of the resultant cyanide derivative was much higher than that of the cyanide derivatives resulting from disulfide based derivatizing agents. The sample preparation protocol for the identification of cyanide in aqueous samples was also optimized with the new derivatizing agent. Derivatization followed by liquid-liquid extraction was employed for the preparation of aqueous samples containing cyanide salts. The resultant samples were subjected to GC-MS analysis for the identification of the cyanide derivative. Under optimized conditions, the detection and quantification limits for cyanide aqueous samples were found to be 0.075 μg mL-1 and 0.25 μg mL-1 respectively. The calibration curve had a linear relationship with y = 0.086x - 0.076 and r2 = 0.997 for the working range of 0.25 μg mL-1 to 50 μg mL-1. The intraday RSDs were between 2.24 and 8.17%, and the interday RSDs were between 2.22 and 12.85%. The method can also be successfully employed for the identification of hydrogen cyanide in aqueous medium. The applicability of the present method was demonstrated by analysing a real sample from apple seed extraction.
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Luo H, Li G, Chen J, Lin Q, Ma S, Wang Y, An T. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and ozone formation potentials of volatile organic compounds from three typical functional areas in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109141. [PMID: 31999999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone is currently one of the most important air pollutants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can easily react with atmospheric radicals to form ozone. In-field measurement of VOCs may help in estimating the local VOC photochemical pollution level. METHOD This study examined the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of VOCs during winter at three typical sites of varying classification in China; industrial (Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development District (GETDD)), urban (Guangzhou higher education mega center (HEMC)), and rural (Pingyuan county (PYC)), using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). RESULTS The concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) at the GETDD, HEMC and PYC sites were 352.5, 129.2 and 75.1 ppb, respectively. The dominant category of VOCs is nitrogen-containing VOCs (NVOCs, accounting for 43.3% of TVOCs) at GETDD, of which C4H11N (m/z+ = 74.10, butyl amine) was the predominant chemical species (80.5%). In contrast, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were the most abundant at HEMC and PYC, accounting for 60.2% and 64.1% of the total VOCs, respectively; here, CH4O (m/z+ = 33.026, methanol) was the major compound, accounting for 40.5% of the VOCs at HEMC and 50.9% at PYC. The ratios of toluene to benzene (T/B) were calculated for different measured sites, as the ratios of T/B can reveal source resolution of aromatic VOCs. The average contributions to total ozone formation potentials (OFP) of the total measured VOCs in each area were 604.9, 315.9 and 111.7 μg/m3 at GETDD, HEMC and PYC, respectively; the highest OFP contributors of the identified VOCs were aliphatic hydrocarbons (AlHs) at GETDD, aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) at HEMC, and OVOCs at PYC. CONCLUSIONS OFP assessment indicated that the photochemical pollution caused by VOCs at GETDD was serious, and was also significant in the HEMC region. The dominant VOC OFP groups (AlHs and AHs) should be prioritized for control, in order to help reduce these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qinhao Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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9
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Laser-Plasma Spatiotemporal Cyanide Spectroscopy and Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030615. [PMID: 32023810 PMCID: PMC7037963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports new measurements of laser-induced plasma hypersonic expansion measurements of diatomic molecular cyanide (CN). Focused, high-peak-power 1064 nm Q-switched radiation of the order of 1 TW/cm 2 generated optical breakdown plasma in a cell containing a 1:1 molar gas mixture of N 2 and CO 2 at a fixed pressure of 1.1 × 10 5 Pascal and in a 100 mL/min flow of the mixture. Line-of-sight (LOS) analysis of recorded molecular spectra indicated the outgoing shockwave at expansion speeds well in excess of Mach 5. Spectra of atomic carbon confirmed increased electron density near the shockwave, and, equally, molecular CN spectra revealed higher excitation temperature near the shockwave. Results were consistent with corresponding high-speed shadowgraphs obtained by visualization with an effective shutter speed of 5 nanoseconds. In addition, LOS analysis and the application of integral inversion techniques allow inferences about the spatiotemporal plasma distribution.
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Li Y, Zhao Q, Yang H, Zhang Y, Ning P, Tian S. Adsorption Performance of Gaseous HCN on Ni/Al Hydrotalcite-Derived Oxides. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.18we135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Qian Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Huai Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Yuechao Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Senlin Tian
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology
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11
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Delporte C, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Furtmüller PG, Maki RA, Dieu M, Noyon C, Soudi M, Dufour D, Coremans C, Nuyens V, Reye F, Rousseau A, Raes M, Moguilevsky N, Vanhaeverbeek M, Ducobu J, Nève J, Robaye B, Vanhamme L, Reynolds WF, Obinger C, Van Antwerpen P. Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of cyanide to cyanate: A potential carbamylation route involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques? J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6374-6386. [PMID: 29496995 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.801076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein carbamylation by cyanate is a post-translational modification associated with several (patho)physiological conditions, including cardiovascular disorders. However, the biochemical pathways leading to protein carbamylation are incompletely characterized. This work demonstrates that the heme protein myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is secreted at high concentrations at inflammatory sites from stimulated neutrophils and monocytes, is able to catalyze the two-electron oxidation of cyanide to cyanate and promote the carbamylation of taurine, lysine, and low-density lipoproteins. We probed the role of cyanide as both electron donor and low-spin ligand by pre-steady-state and steady-state kinetic analyses and analyzed reaction products by MS. Moreover, we present two further pathways of carbamylation that involve reaction products of MPO, namely oxidation of cyanide by hypochlorous acid and reaction of thiocyanate with chloramines. Finally, using an in vivo approach with mice on a high-fat diet and carrying the human MPO gene, we found that during chronic exposure to cyanide, mimicking exposure to pollution and smoking, MPO promotes protein-bound accumulation of carbamyllysine (homocitrulline) in atheroma plaque, demonstrating a link between cyanide exposure and atheroma. In summary, our findings indicate that cyanide is a substrate for MPO and suggest an additional pathway for in vivo cyanate formation and protein carbamylation that involves MPO either directly or via its reaction products hypochlorous acid or chloramines. They also suggest that chronic cyanide exposure could promote the accumulation of carbamylated proteins in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Delporte
- From the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and.,Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- the Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard A Maki
- Torrey Pines Pharmaceuticals, Del Mar, California 92014.,the Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Marc Dieu
- the Laboratory of Cellular Biology and
| | | | - Monika Soudi
- the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Damien Dufour
- From the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and.,Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Coremans
- From the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and.,Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- the Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | | | - Alexandre Rousseau
- the Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | | | | | - Michel Vanhaeverbeek
- the Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Jean Ducobu
- the Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Jean Nève
- From the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and
| | - Bernard Robaye
- the Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium, and
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- the Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Wanda F Reynolds
- the Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Christian Obinger
- the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- From the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and .,Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Habibi-Yangjeh A, Basharnavaz H. Adsorption of HCN molecules on Ni, Pd and Pt-doped (7, 0) boron nitride nanotube: a DFT study. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Basharnavaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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13
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Giorio C, Marton D, Formenton G, Tapparo A. Formation of Metal-Cyanide Complexes in Deliquescent Airborne Particles: A New Possible Sink for HCN in Urban Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14107-14113. [PMID: 29148736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanide is a ubiquitous gas in the atmosphere and a biomass burning tracer. Reactive gases can be adsorbed onto aerosol particles where they can promote heterogeneous chemistry. In the present study, we report for the first time on the measurement and speciation of cyanides in atmospheric aerosol. Filter samples were collected at an urban background site in the city center of Padua (Italy), extracted and analyzed with headspace gas chromatography and nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The results showed that strongly bound cyanides were present in all aerosol samples at a concentration ranging between 0.3 and 6.5 ng/m3 in the PM2.5 fraction. The concentration of cyanides strongly correlates with concentration of total carbon and metals associated with combustion sources. The results obtained bring evidence that hydrogen cyanide can be adsorbed onto aerosol liquid water and can react with metal ions to form stable metal-cyanide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE , Marseille, 13331, France
| | - Daniele Marton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Formenton
- ARPAV Environmental Regional Agency , Laboratory Department, via Lissa 6, 30171 Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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14
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A computational study of hydrogen cyanide interaction with the pristine and B, Ga, BGa-doped of (8, 0) zigzag AlPNTs. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Zhang R, Liu N, Lei Z, Chen B. Selective Transformation of Various Nitrogen-Containing Exhaust Gases toward N2 over Zeolite Catalysts. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3658-721. [PMID: 26889565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review we focus on the catalytic removal of a series of N-containing exhaust gases with various valences, including nitriles (HCN, CH3CN, and C2H3CN), ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitric oxides (NO(x)), which can cause some serious environmental problems, such as acid rain, haze weather, global warming, and even death. The zeolite catalysts with high internal surface areas, uniform pore systems, considerable ion-exchange capabilities, and satisfactory thermal stabilities are herein addressed for the corresponding depollution processes. The sources and toxicities of these pollutants are introduced. The important physicochemical properties of zeolite catalysts, including shape selectivity, surface area, acidity, and redox ability, are described in detail. The catalytic combustion of nitriles and ammonia, the direct catalytic decomposition of N2O, and the selective catalytic reduction and direct catalytic decomposition of NO are systematically discussed, involving the catalytic behaviors as well as mechanism studies based on spectroscopic and kinetic approaches and molecular simulations. Finally, concluding remarks and perspectives are given. In the present work, emphasis is placed on the structure-performance relationship with an aim to design an ideal zeolite-based catalyst for the effective elimination of harmful N-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhigang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Biaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
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16
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Wang L, Wang X, Jing X, Ning P. Efficient removal of HCN through catalytic hydrolysis and oxidation on Cu/CoSPc/Ce metal-modified activated carbon under low oxygen conditions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21715j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) removal efficiency of activated carbon modified with different metals (Cu(NO)3, cobalt sulfonated phthalocyanine (CoSPc) and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O) was studied under low oxygen conditions. The reaction pathways are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langlang Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Xuli Jing
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
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17
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Wang X, Jing X, Wang F, Ma Y, Cheng J, Wang L, Xu K, Cheng C, Ning P. Coupling catalytic hydrolysis and oxidation on metal-modified activated carbon for HCN removal. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HCN removal by coupling catalytic hydrolysis and oxidation on AC-Cu, which showed >96% conversion of HCN at 200–350 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Xuli Jing
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Fei Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Yixing Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Jinhuan Cheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Langlang Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Ke Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- China
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18
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19
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Zhao Q, Tian S, Yan L, Zhang Q, Ning P. Novel HCN sorbents based on layered double hydroxides: sorption mechanism and performance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 285:250-258. [PMID: 25497317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and layered double oxides (LDOs) have been prepared and used as sorbents for hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Based on results from sorbent optimization experiments, the optimal performance for HCN removal was found in Ni-Al LDH. As evidenced by fixed-bed sorption studies, the Ni-Al LDO with the greatest surface area showed better performance and outperformed products calcined at 200, 400, or 500 °C, whereas, the Ni-Al LDH showed a more twofold higher sorption capacity than the Ni-Al LDO. Investigation of the mechanisms between HCN and sorbents reveals that the HCN removal by the Ni-Al LDH and Ni-Al LDO leads to the formation of the complex anion, [Ni(CN)4](2-). Nevertheless, the [Ni(CN)4](2-) can enter interlayer region of the Ni-Al LDH due to its anion exchangeability, which endows this LDH with more binding sites, not only on its external surfaces, but also on its internal surfaces located in the interlayer region. In contrast, [Ni(CN)4](2-) were only adsorbed on the external surface of the Ni-Al LDO. As a result, the sorption capacity of the Ni-Al LDH for HCN is twice as high as that of the Ni-Al LDO, which is at 21.55 mg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, China
| | - Senlin Tian
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, China.
| | - Linxia Yan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, China
| | - Qiulin Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, China
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20
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Titanium Dioxide in gas-Phase Photocatalytic Oxidation of Aromatic and Heteroatom Organic Substances: Deactivation and Reactivation of Photocatalyst. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-014-9358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Chen W, Metsälä M, Vaittinen O, Halonen L. Hydrogen cyanide in the headspace of oral fluid and in mouth-exhaled breath. J Breath Res 2014; 8:027108. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/2/027108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Ning P, Qiu J, Wang X, Liu W, Chen W. Metal loaded zeolite adsorbents for hydrogen cyanide removal. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:808-814. [PMID: 23923791 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal (Cu, Co, or Zn) loaded ZSM-5 and Y zeolite adsorbents were prepared for the adsorption of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) toxic gas. The results showed that the HCN breakthrough capacity was enhanced significantly when zeolites were loaded with Cu. The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbents that influence the HCN adsorption capacity were analyzed. The maximal HCN breakthrough capacities were about the same for both zeolites at 2.2 mol of HCN/mol of Cu. The Cu2p XPS spectra showed that the possible species present were Cu2O and CuO. The N1s XPS data and FT-IR spectra indicated that CN(-) would be formed in the presence of Cu+/Cu2+ and oxygen gas, and the reaction product could be adsorbed onto Cu/ZSM-5 zeolite more easily than HCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
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23
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Dummer J, Storer M, Sturney S, Scott-Thomas A, Chambers S, Swanney M, Epton M. Quantification of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in breath using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry--HCN is not a biomarker of Pseudomonas in chronic suppurative lung disease. J Breath Res 2013; 7:017105. [PMID: 23445778 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/1/017105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in exhaled breath has been proposed as a biomarker for airway inflammation, and also a marker of the presence in the airways of specific organisms, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However the production of HCN by salivary peroxidase in the oral cavity increases orally exhaled concentrations, and may not reflect the condition of the lower airways. Using SIFT-MS we aimed to determine an appropriate single-exhalation breathing maneuver which avoids the interference of HCN produced in the oral cavity. We have established that the SIFT-MS Voice200™ is suitable for the online measurement of HCN in exhaled breath. In healthy volunteers a significantly higher end exhaled HCN concentration was measured in oral exhalations compared to nasal exhalations (mean ± SD) 4.5 ± 0.6 ppb versus 2.4 ± 0.3 ppb, p < 0.01. For the accurate and reproducible quantification of end exhaled HCN in breath a nasal inhalation to full vital capacity and nasal exhalation at controlled flow is recommended. This technique was subsequently used to measure exhaled HCN in a group of patients with chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) and known microbiological colonization status to determine utility of HCN measurement to detect P. aeruginosa. Median nasal end exhaled HCN concentrations were higher in patients with CSLD (3.7 ppb) than normal subjects (2.0 ppb). However no differences between exhaled HCN concentrations of subjects colonized with P. aeruginosa and other organisms were identified, indicating that breath HCN is not a suitable biomarker of P. aeruginosa colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Dummer
- Respiratory Services, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Schmidt FM, Metsälä M, Vaittinen O, Halonen L. Background levels and diurnal variations of hydrogen cyanide in breath and emitted from skin. J Breath Res 2011; 5:046004. [PMID: 21808098 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/5/4/046004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration in exhaled human breath and skin gas samples collected with different sampling techniques was measured using near-infrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The median baseline HCN concentrations in samples provided by 19 healthy volunteers 2-4 h after the last meal depended on the employed sampling technique: 6.5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) in mixed (dead space and end-tidal) mouth-exhaled breath collected to a gas sampling bag, 3.9 ppbv in end-tidal mouth-exhaled breath, 1.3 ppbv in end-tidal nose-exhaled breath, 1.0 ppbv in unwashed skin and 0.6 ppbv in washed skin samples. Diurnal measurements showed that elevated HCN levels are to be expected in mouth-exhaled breath samples after food and drink intake, which suggests HCN generation in the oral cavity. The HCN concentrations in end-tidal nose-exhaled breath and skin gas samples were correlated, and it is concluded that these concentrations best reflect systemic HCN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Schmidt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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