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Kołodziejczyk A, Wróblewska A, Pietrzak M, Pyrcz P, Błaziak K, Szmigielski R. Dissociation constants of relevant secondary organic aerosol components in the atmosphere. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141166. [PMID: 38224752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The presented studies focus on measuring the determination of the acidity constant (pKa) of relevant secondary organic aerosol components. For our research, we selected important oxidation products (mainly carboxylic acids) of the most abundant terpene compounds, such as α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and δ-3-carene. The research covered the synthesis and determination of the acidity constant of selected compounds. We used three methods to measure the acidity constant, i.e., 1H NMR titration, pH-metric titration, Bates-Schwarzenbach spectrophotometric method. Moreover, the pKa values were calculated with Marvin 21.17.0 software to compare the experimentally derived values with those calculated from the chemical structure. pKa values measured with 1H NMR titration ranged from 3.51 ± 0.01 for terebic acid to 5.18 ± 0.06 for β-norcaryophyllonic acid. Moreover, the data determined by the 1H NMR method revealed a good correlation with the data obtained with the commonly used potentiometric and UV-spectroscopic methods (R2 = 0.92). In contrast, the comparison with in silico results exhibits a relatively low correlation (R2Marvin = 0.66). We found that most of the values calculated with the Marvin Program are lower than experimental values obtained with pH-metric titration with an average difference of 0.44 pKa units. For di- and tricarboxylic acids, we obtained two and three pKa values, respectively. A good correlation with the literature values was observed, for example, Howell and Fisher (1958) used pH-metric titration and measured pKa1 and pKa2 to be 4.48 and 5.48, while our results are 4.24 ± 0.10 and 5.40 ± 0.02, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kołodziejczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Wróblewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Pyrcz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Błaziak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland; Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Szmigielski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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Amarandei C, Olariu RI, Arsene C. First insights into the molecular characteristics of atmospheric organic aerosols from Iasi, Romania: Behavior of biogenic versus anthropogenic contributions and potential implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162830. [PMID: 36924952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports first data on the organic molecular composition and evolution of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) markers in aerosol samples from an urban environment in Romania. Targeted and non-targeted approaches of liquid chromatography tandem with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ToF-MS) were used as powerful analytical approaches for aerosol characterization at the molecular level. Four distinct organic molecular groups (CHO, CHON, CHONS, and CHOS) were classified as relevant for both warm (with 847 assigned molecular formulae) and cold (with 432 assigned molecular formulae) periods. Different formation mechanisms, physico-chemical processing, meteorological conditions, and sources origin or strengths (biogenic versus anthropogenic), were identified as governing factors of the mass concentration size distribution for the first generation and second-generation oxidation products of α-/β-pinene and two nitroaromatics (i.e., 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitrocatechol). Aromaticity equivalent (XC), carbon oxidation state (OSC), H/C and O/C ratios, and van Krevelen diagrams, were used to discriminate between: i) the aliphatic or aromatic nature of the identified organic aerosol constituents, ii) the oxidation state of the aerosol samples (e.g., more oxidized molecular formulae during the highly insolated period, more intense photochemistry), and iii) sources role in controlling OAs constituents abundances and behavior (e.g., higher relative contributions of aliphatic CHO formulae with a wider range of carbon numbers and CHOS molecular group with higher contribution during the warm period due to increased biogenic emissions or secondary formation from the biogenic precursors). Since in the present study >88 % of the 4-nitrocatechol and 4-nitrophenol was determined in the aerosol size fraction below 1 μm, it is believed that determination of their abundances and size distribution in ambient aerosols might provide direction for future studies such as to enhance the knowledge on their toxic potential levels for the human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Amarandei
- "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Integrated Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region (CERNESIM), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania (RECENT-AIR), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo Iulian Olariu
- "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Integrated Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region (CERNESIM), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania (RECENT-AIR), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cecilia Arsene
- "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Integrated Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region (CERNESIM), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania; "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania (RECENT-AIR), 11 Carol I, 700506, Iasi, Romania.
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Yu Q, Chen J, Qin W, Ahmad M, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Xin K, Ai J. Oxidative potential associated with water-soluble components of PM 2.5 in Beijing: The important role of anthropogenic organic aerosols. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128839. [PMID: 35397338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the mainstream toxicological mechanism for the adverse health outcomes of ambient aerosols. However, our understanding of the crucial redox-active species affecting the oxidative potential of water-soluble aerosols (OPWS) remains limited. In this study, the OPWS of PM2.5 in Beijing was measured using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, including DTT consumption rate and ·OH formation rate. OPWS was more closely related to water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) rather than transition metals. Laboratory simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of individual target species in the context of complex metal-organic interactions. The results showed that reducing WSOC can effectively decrease OPWS, while reducing Cu2+ increased OPWS. Parallel factor analysis demonstrated that OPWS was the most significantly correlated with the highly oxidized humic-like or quinone-like substances. Multiple linear regression showed that aromatic secondary organic carbon (SOC) (34.4%), other primary combustion sources of WSOC (20.0%), primary biomass burning WSOC (19.8%), transition metal ions (12.9%) and biomass burning SOC (12.8%) made significant contributions to DTTV. In addition to the anthropogenic sources of WSOC, the aged biogenic SOC also contributed to OHV, particularly in summer. Reducing anthropogenic WSOC was the key to the effective control of OPWS of PM2.5 in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Weihua Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuewei Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke Xin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Ai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Isoprene: Selected Research, Historic Account and State of the Art. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we cover selected research on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene, from the beginning of research, about two decades ago, to today. The review begins with the first observations of isoprene SOA markers, i.e., 2-methyltetrols, in ambient fine aerosol and focuses on studies dealing with molecular characterization, speciation, formation mechanisms, and source apportionment. A historic account is given on how research on isoprene SOA has developed. The isoprene SOA system is rather complex, with different pathways being followed in pristine and polluted conditions. For SOA formation from isoprene, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis is necessary, and sulfuric acid enhances SOA by forming additional nonvolatile products such as organosulfates. Certain results reported in early papers have been re-interpreted in the light of recent results; for example, the formation of C5-alkene triols. Attention is given to mass spectrometric and separation techniques, which played a crucial role in molecular characterization. The unambiguous structural characterization of isoprene SOA markers has been achieved, owing to the preparation of reference compounds. Efforts have also been made to use air quality data to estimate the influence of biogenic and pollution aerosol sources. This review examines the use of an organic marker-based method and positive matrix factorization to apportion SOA from different sources, including isoprene SOA.
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Organic Molecular Tracers in PM2.5 at Urban Sites during Spring and Summer in Japan: Impact of Secondary Organic Aerosols on Water-Soluble Organic Carbon. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To understand the characteristics of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and estimate their impact on water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in urban areas in Japan, we measured 17 organic tracers using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry from particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm collected at five urban sites in Japan during spring and summer. Most anthropogenic, monoterpene-derived, and isoprene-derived SOA tracers showed meaningful correlations with potential ozone in both these seasons. These results indicate that oxidants play an important role in SOAs produced during both seasons in urban cities in Japan. WSOC was significantly affected by anthropogenic and monoterpene-derived SOAs during spring and three SOA groups during summer at most of the sites sampled. The total estimated secondary organic carbons (SOCs), including mono-aromatic, di-aromatic, monoterpene-derived, and isoprene-derived SOCs, could explain the WSOC fractions of 39–63% in spring and 46–54% in summer at each site. Notably, monoterpene-derived and mono-aromatic SOCs accounted for most of the total estimated SOCs in both spring (85–93%) and summer (75–82%) at each site. These results indicate that SOAs significantly impact WSOC concentrations during both these seasons at urban sites in Japan.
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Deng J, Gao Y, Zhu J, Li L, Yu S, Kawamura K, Fu P. Molecular markers for fungal spores and biogenic SOA over the Antarctic Peninsula: Field measurements and modeling results. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143089. [PMID: 33160669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic organic aerosols are important components of atmospheric organic aerosols and play vital roles in atmospheric chemistry, global climate, and biogeochemical cycles of carbon. However, studies on biogenic organic aerosols in the vast regions of the Southern Ocean and over the coastal waters of the Antarctic, especially Antarctic Peninsula, are still extremely limited. To understand the concentrations, molecular composition and seasonality of biogenic organic aerosols in Antarctica, atmospheric aerosols were collected at the Palmer Station on the west Antarctic Peninsula experiencing dramatic climate warming. Molecular marker compounds of fungal spores and secondary organic aerosols formed from the photooxidation of isoprene and monoterpene were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Concentrations of sugar alcohols and biogenic SOA tracers both presented seasonal patterns with higher average concentrations in summer (90.7 and 122 pg m-3) than in winter (8.88 and 57.2 pg m-3). Sugar alcohols and biogenic SOA tracers were predominated by mannitol and isoprene oxidation products. Relative contributions of fungal-spore organic carbon (OC), isoprene-derived secondary OC (SOC) and monoterpene-derived SOC estimated with tracer-based methods were 26.2%, 55.6% and 18.2%, respectively. The observed seasonality of total biogenic SOA and some molecular species at the Antarctic Peninsula was further supported by the results from the global model CESM/IMPACT. Model results also suggest higher biogenic SOA in East Antarctica than that in West Antarctica, which is attributed to the influence of vertical atmospheric circulation. Our results of air-mass trajectory indicate the potential influence of marine emissions on the biogenic organic aerosols over the Antarctic Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Jialei Zhu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Linjie Li
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Zhao Y, Ren H, Deng J, Li L, Hu W, Ren L, Yue S, Fan Y, Wu L, Li J, Sun Y, Wang Z, Akimoto H, Zeng X, Cheng Y, Kong S, Su H, Cheng Y, Kawamura K, Fu P. High daytime abundance of primary organic aerosols over Mt. Emei, Southwest China in summer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134475. [PMID: 31759721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecular composition of fine aerosols in the free troposphere is poorly understood. Here, PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm) samples were collected at the summit of Mt. Emei (3080 m a.s.l.) in the Southwestern China on a daytime and nighttime basis during summer 2016 (June-July). The samples were analyzed by solvent-extraction followed by derivatization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Four classes of organic compounds, i.e. n-alkanes, fatty acids, saccharides and lignin/resin acids were measured quantitatively. Fatty acids were found to be the most abundant species with an average concentration of 401 ± 419 ng m-3 (range 25.7-1490 ng m-3) in the daytime, similar to the average concentration at night (399 ± 447 ng m-3, 19.6-1970 ng m-3). However, the concentrations of biomass burning tracers (e.g., levoglucosan), primary biological aerosol tracers (e.g., mannitol and arabitol) and low molecular weight n-alkanes derived from fossil fuel combustion in daytime samples were obviously higher than those in nighttime samples. The results suggest that valley breezes transported a large number of aerosols and their precursors from the ground surface to the summit of Mt. Emei in the daytime. Estimated with tracer-based methods, the contributions of biogenic primary sources (plant debris, fungal spore, and biomass burning) to organic carbon was in the range of 3.28-83.5% (22.0 ± 17.5%) in the daytime and 3.45-37.4% (10.9 ± 8.97%) at night. As the largest contributor, biomass burning was an important anthropogenic/natural source of aerosol particles in the free troposphere over Mt. Emei. CAPSULE: Valley/mountain breeze is an important constraint to the temporal variations in organic aerosols over Mt. Emei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lujie Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanbing Fan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hajime Akimoto
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Xu J, Jia C, He J, Xu H, Tang YT, Ji D, Yu H, Xiao H, Wang C. Biomass burning and fungal spores as sources of fine aerosols in Yangtze River Delta, China - Using multiple organic tracers to understand variability, correlations and origins. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:155-165. [PMID: 31078087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Research is restricted regarding impacts of biomass burning (BB) on fine aerosol (PM2.5), due mainly to lack of specific BB tracers. This study aims to characterize the variability, distributions, and contributions of BB and fungal spores as sources of PM2.5 using a multiple organic tracer approach. PM2.5 samples were collected at four representative sites in Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China every 6 days for one year. In the laboratory, samples were analyzed for three anhydrides (levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan), two sugar alcohols (arabitol and mannitol), water-soluble inorganic ions, and elemental/organic carbon (EC/OC). Levoglucosan was the most abundant BB tracer (mean concentration = 81 ng/m3), and fungal spore tracers arabitol and mannitol had similar abundances (5.6 and 5.7 ng/m3, respectively). Anhydrides and sugar alcohols had high within-group correlations, indicating their respective common sources. Concentrations of tracers displayed large temporal variations but small spatial variations, suggesting strong seasonality in BB and fungal spore sources. BB sources were burning of grass, pine needles, hardwood and crop straw, which were originated from transboundary/cross-region transport and local fire spots. PCA analyses revealed that the common sources of fine aerosols in YRD were secondary inorganic aerosols, soil dust, BB and fungal spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsha Xu
- International Doctoral Innovation Centre (IDIC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Chunrong Jia
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Jun He
- International Doctoral Innovation Centre (IDIC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, PR China.
| | - Honghui Xu
- Zhejiang Meteorological Science Institute, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Tang
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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Comparison of Measurement-Based Methodologies to Apportion Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC) in PM2.5: A Review of Recent Studies. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is known to account for a major fraction of airborne particulate matter, with significant impacts on air quality and climate at the global scale. Despite the substantial amount of research studies achieved during these last decades, the source apportionment of the SOA fraction remains difficult due to the complexity of the physicochemical processes involved. The selection and use of appropriate approaches are a major challenge for the atmospheric science community. Several methodologies are nowadays available to perform quantitative and/or predictive assessments of the SOA amount and composition. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the most commonly used approaches to evaluate secondary organic carbon (SOC) contents: elemental carbon (EC) tracer method, chemical mass balance (CMB), SOA tracer method, radiocarbon (14C) measurement and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The principles, limitations, challenges and good practices of each of these methodologies are discussed in the present article. Based on a comprehensive—although not exhaustive—review of research papers published during the last decade (2006–2016), SOC estimates obtained using these methodologies are also summarized for different regions across the world. Conclusions of some studies which are directly comparing the performances of different methodologies are then specifically discussed. An overall picture of SOC contributions and concentrations obtained worldwide for urban sites under similar conditions (i.e., geographical and seasonal ones) is also proposed here. Finally, further needs to improve SOC apportionment methodologies are also identified and discussed.
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Contribution from Selected Organic Species to PM2.5 Aerosol during a Summer Field Campaign at K-Puszta, Hungary. ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos8110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fu P, Aggarwal SG, Chen J, Li J, Sun Y, Wang Z, Chen H, Liao H, Ding A, Umarji GS, Patil RS, Chen Q, Kawamura K. Molecular Markers of Secondary Organic Aerosol in Mumbai, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4659-4667. [PMID: 27045808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are generally considered to be more abundant in summer than in winter. Here, polar organic marker compounds in urban background aerosols from Mumbai were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Surprisingly, we found that concentrations of biogenic SOA tracers at Mumbai were several times lower in summer (8-14 June 2006; wet season; n = 14) than in winter (13-18 February 2007; dry season; n = 10). Although samples from less than 10% of the season are extrapolated to the full season, such seasonality may be explained by the predominance of the southwest summer monsoon, which brings clean marine air masses to Mumbai. While heavy rains are an important contributor to aerosol removal during the monsoon season, meteorological data (relative humidity and T) suggest no heavy rains occurred during our sampling period. However, in winter, high levels of SOA and their day/night differences suggest significant contributions of continental aerosols through long-range transport together with local sources. The winter/summer pattern of SOA loadings was further supported by results from chemical transport models (NAQPMS and GEOS-Chem). Furthermore, our study suggests that monoterpene- and sesquiterpene-derived secondary organic carbon (SOC) were more significant than those of isoprene- and toluene-SOC at Mumbai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Shankar G Aggarwal
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jing Chen
- SKLEG, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550081, China
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huansheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Institute for Climate and Global Change Research & School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - G S Umarji
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - R S Patil
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
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Jacobsen EE, Anthonsen T. 2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol. Produced in plants, forms aerosols in the atmosphere. An alternative pathway in isoprenoid biosynthesis. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2015.1095677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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14
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Alier M, Osto MD, Lin YH, Surratt JD, Tauler R, Grimalt JO, van Drooge BL. On the origin of water-soluble organic tracer compounds in fine aerosols in two cities: the case of Los Angeles and Barcelona. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:11649-11660. [PMID: 24385187 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs), represented by anhydro-saccharides, dicarboxylic acids, and polyols, were analyzed by gas chromatography interfaced to mass spectrometry in extracts from 103 PM1 and 22 PM2.5 filter samples collected in an urban background and road site in Barcelona (Spain) and an urban background site in Los Angeles (USA), respectively, during 1-month intensive sampling campaigns in 2010. Both locations have similar Mediterranean climates, with relatively high solar radiation and frequent anti-cyclonic conditions, and are influenced by a complex mixture of emission sources. Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares analyses were applied on the database in order to resolve differences and similarities in WSOC compositions in the studied sites. Five consistent clusters for the analyzed compounds were obtained, representing primary regional biomass burning organic carbon, three secondary organic components (aged SOC, isoprene SOC, and α-pinene SOC), and a less clear component, called urban oxygenated organic carbon. This last component is probably influenced by in situ urban activities, such as food cooking and traffic emissions and oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alier
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Safi Shalamzari M, Ryabtsova O, Kahnt A, Vermeylen R, Hérent MF, Quetin-Leclercq J, Van der Veken P, Maenhaut W, Claeys M. Mass spectrometric characterization of organosulfates related to secondary organic aerosol from isoprene. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:784-94. [PMID: 23495025 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A considerable fraction of atmospheric particulate fine matter consists of organosulfates, with some of the most polar ones originating from the oxidation of isoprene. Their structural characterization provides insights into the nature of gas-phase precursors as well as into formation pathways. METHODS The structures of unknown polar organosulfates present in ambient particulate fine matter were characterized using liquid chromatography/(-)electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/(-)ESI-MS), including ion trap MS(n) and accurate mass measurements, derivatization of the carbonyl group into 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, detailed interpretation of the MS data, and in a selected case comparison of their LC and MS behavior with that of synthesized reference compounds. RESULTS Polar organosulfates with molecular weights (MWs) of 156, 170, 184 and 200 were attributed to/or confirmed as derivatives of glycolic acid (156), lactic acid (170), 1,2-dihydroxy-3-butanone (184), glycolic acid glycolate (200), 2-methylglyceric acid (200), and 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid (200). In the case of the MW 184 compound an unambiguous assignment was obtained through synthesis of reference compounds. CONCLUSIONS A more complete structural characterization of polar organosulfates that originate from isoprene secondary organic aerosol was achieved. An important atmospheric finding is the presence of an organosulfate that is related to methyl vinyl ketone, a major gas-phase oxidation product of isoprene. In addition, minor polar organosulfates related to crotonaldehyde were identified.
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16
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Schwarz J, Štefancová L, Maenhaut W, Smolík J, Ždímal V. Mass and chemically speciated size distribution of Prague aerosol using an aerosol dryer--the influence of air mass origin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 437:348-362. [PMID: 22954654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ambient aerosol particles dried using a diffusional aerosol dryer were sampled using a 7-stage modified Berner low pressure impactor with a back-up filter during the heating and non-heating season campaigns in 2008. The samples were analyzed for water-soluble ions and water-soluble organic carbon. Because of the drying, the aerosol size distribution was not influenced by the daily variability of ambient relative humidity. The results summarize the observations from campaigns in both the heating (11 sampling days) and non-heating (10 sampling days) seasons. The aerosols sampled on individual days were classified based on the connected air mass back trajectories into three classes: sea-influenced aerosol (SIA), continental aerosol (CA) and mixed aerosol (MA) for samples of intermediate origin. The differences between CA and SIA were substantial both when looking at the normalized mass size distributions of the particulate matter (PM) and of the individual species and when taking into account the absolute concentrations in the fine and coarse size fractions. The main differences were found in the normalized mass size distributions of the PM and of the sea-salt related ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR, v.v.i., Rozvojova 2, 165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Miyazaki Y, Jung J, Fu P, Mizoguchi Y, Yamanoi K, Kawamura K. Evidence of formation of submicrometer water-soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd018250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Tracers for Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol from α-Pinene and Related Monoterpenes: An Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5034-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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19
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Yang Y, Chan CY, Tao J, Lin M, Engling G, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Su L. Observation of elevated fungal tracers due to biomass burning in the Sichuan Basin at Chengdu City, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 431:68-77. [PMID: 22664540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungal material (i.e., spores and fragments) is an important component of atmospheric aerosols. In order to examine the variability of fungal abundance in fine particles (PM(2.5)) during a biomass burning season, an intensive measurement campaign was conducted in the Sichuan Basin at Chengdu, a megacity in southwest China, in spring 2009. The aerosol samples were analyzed for carbonaceous species, including molecular tracers for biomass burning and fungal material, and water soluble ions. The results were interpreted with the help of principle component analysis, fire count maps, and the WRF model. Elevated concentrations of arabitol and mannitol were found with average concentrations of 21.5±16.6 ng m(-3) and 43.9±19.3 ng m(-3), respectively, which were unexpectedly higher than those measured in fine particles in any other study reported previously. Even higher concentrations were observed in cases with simultaneous enhancements in the biomass burning tracers levoglucosan and K(+). In the case of influence by pollution plumes from biomass burning regions, the fungal tracer concentrations reached maximum values of 79.6 ng m(-3) and 121.8 ng m(-3), coinciding with peak levels of levoglucosan and K(+). Statistically significant correlations were found between the simultaneously observed fungal tracers (arabitol and mannitol) and biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan and K(+)), suggesting that these species were emitted by co-located sources, and hence the elevated fungal tracers were likely associated with biomass burning activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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20
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Ding X, Wang XM, Gao B, Fu XX, He QF, Zhao XY, Yu JZ, Zheng M. Tracer-based estimation of secondary organic carbon in the Pearl River Delta, south China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pratt KA, Prather KA. Mass spectrometry of atmospheric aerosols--recent developments and applications. Part I: Off-line mass spectrometry techniques. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:1-16. [PMID: 21442634 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many of the significant advances in our understanding of atmospheric particles can be attributed to the application of mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry provides high sensitivity with a fast response time to probe chemically complex particles. This review focuses on recent developments and applications in the field of mass spectrometry of atmospheric aerosols. In Part I of this two-part review, we concentrate on off-line mass spectrometry techniques, which require sample collection on filters but can provide detailed molecular speciation. In particular, off-line mass spectrometry techniques utilizing tandem mass spectrometry experiments and high resolution mass analyzers provide improved insight into secondary organic aerosol formation and heterogeneous reaction pathways through detailed structural elucidation at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Fu P, Kawamura K, Miura K. Molecular characterization of marine organic aerosols collected during a round-the-world cruise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Kourtchev I, Hellebust S, Bell JM, O'Connor IP, Healy RM, Allanic A, Healy D, Wenger JC, Sodeau JR. The use of polar organic compounds to estimate the contribution of domestic solid fuel combustion and biogenic sources to ambient levels of organic carbon and PM2.5 in Cork Harbour, Ireland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:2143-2155. [PMID: 21420721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PM(2.5) samples collected at Cork Harbour, Ireland during summer, autumn, late autumn and winter, 2008-2009 were analyzed for polar organic compounds that are useful markers for aerosol source characterization. The determined compounds include tracers for biomass burning primary particles, fungal spores, markers for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from isoprene, α-/β-pinene, and d-limonene. Seasonal and temporal variations and other characteristic features of the detected tracers are discussed in terms of aerosol sources and processes. The biogenic species were detected only during the summer period where the contributions of isoprene SOA and fungal spores to the PM(2.5) organic carbon (OC) were estimated to be 1.6% and 1% respectively. The biomass burning markers, and in particular levoglucosan, were present in all samples and attributed to the combustion of cellulose-containing fuels including wood, peat, bituminous and smokeless coal. The contribution of domestic solid fuel (DSF) burning to the measured OC mass concentration was estimated at 10.8, 50, 66.4 and 74.9% for summer, autumn, late autumn and winter periods, respectively, based on factors derived from a series of burning experiments on locally available fuels. Application of an alternative approach, namely principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), to the measured concentrations of the polar organic marker compounds used in conjunction with real-time air quality data provided similar trends and estimates for DSF combustion during all seasons except summer. This study clearly demonstrates that, despite the ban on the sale of bituminous coal in Cork and other large urban areas in Ireland, DSF combustion is still the major source of OC during autumn and winter periods and also makes a significant contribution to PM(2.5) levels. The developed marker approach for estimating the contribution of DSF combustion to ambient OC concentrations can, in principle, also be applied to other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kourtchev
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Yasmeen F, Szmigielski R, Vermeylen R, Gómez-González Y, Surratt JD, Chan AWH, Seinfeld JH, Maenhaut W, Claeys M. Mass spectrometric characterization of isomeric terpenoic acids from the oxidation of α-pinene, β-pinene, d-limonene, and Δ3-carene in fine forest aerosol. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:425-442. [PMID: 21438093 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present liquid chromatographic and mass spectral data for predominant terpenoic acids formed through oxidation of α-pinene, β-pinene, d-limonene, and Δ(3)-carene that occur in fine forest aerosol from K-puszta, Hungary, a rural site with coniferous vegetation. Characterization of these secondary organic aerosol tracers in fine ambient aerosol is important because it allows one to gain information on monoterpene precursors and source processes such as oxidation and aging processes. The mass spectral data were obtained using electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode, accurate mass measurements, and linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometric experiments. Emphasis is given to the mass spectrometric differentiation of isobaric terpenoic acids, such as, e.g. the molecular weight (MW) 186 terpenoic acids, cis-pinic, cis-caric, homoterpenylic, ketolimononic, and limonic acids. Other targeted isobaric terpenoic acids are the MW 184 terpenoic acids, cis-pinonic and cis-caronic acids, and the MW 204 tricarboxylic acids, 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic and 3-carboxyheptanedioic acids. Fragmentation pathways are proposed to provide a rational explanation for the observed isomeric differences and/or to support the suggested tentative structures. For the completeness of the data set, data obtained for recently reported lactone-containing terpenoic acids (i.e. terpenylic and terebic acids), related or isobaric compounds (i.e. norpinic acid, diaterpenylic acid acetate, and unknown MW 188 compounds) are also included, the rationale being that other groups working on this topic could use this data compilation as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Yasmeen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Chan MN, Surratt JD, Claeys M, Edgerton ES, Tanner RL, Shaw SL, Zheng M, Knipping EM, Eddingsaas NC, Wennberg PO, Seinfeld JH. Characterization and quantification of isoprene-derived epoxydiols in ambient aerosol in the southeastern United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:4590-4596. [PMID: 20476767 DOI: 10.1021/es100596b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene-derived epoxydiols (IEPOX) are identified in ambient aerosol samples for the first time, together with other previously identified isoprene tracers (i.e., 2-methyltetrols, 2-methylglyceric acid, C(5)-alkenetriols, and organosulfate derivatives of 2-methyltetrols). Fine ambient aerosol collected in downtown Atlanta, GA and rural Yorkville, GA during the 2008 August Mini-Intensive Gas and Aerosol Study (AMIGAS) was analyzed using both gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) with prior trimethylsilylation. Mass concentrations of IEPOX ranged from approximately 1 to 24 ng m(-3) in the aerosol collected from the two sites. Detection of particle-phase IEPOX in the AMIGAS samples supports recent laboratory results that gas-phase IEPOX produced from the photooxidation of isoprene under low-NO(x) conditions is a key precursor of ambient isoprene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. On average, the sum of the mass concentrations of IEPOX and the measured isoprene SOA tracers accounted for about 3% of the organic carbon, demonstrating the significance of isoprene oxidation to the formation of ambient aerosol in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Nin Chan
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Salo K, Jonsson ÅM, Andersson PU, Hallquist M. Aerosol Volatility and Enthalpy of Sublimation of Carboxylic Acids. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4586-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Salo
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Patrik U. Andersson
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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GC–MS analysis of low-molecular-weight dicarboxylic acids in atmospheric aerosol: comparison between silylation and esterification derivatization procedures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:877-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Russell AG, Brunekreef B. A focus on particulate matter and health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:4620-4625. [PMID: 19673243 DOI: 10.1021/es9005459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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