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Mills R, Tvrdik C, Lin A, Bhattacharyya D. Enhanced Degradation of Methyl Orange and Trichloroethylene with PNIPAm-PMMA-Fe/Pd-Functionalized Hollow Fiber Membranes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2041. [PMID: 37513052 PMCID: PMC10386459 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a prominent groundwater pollutant due to its stability, widespread contamination, and negative health effects upon human exposure; thus, an immense need exists for enhanced environmental remediation techniques. Temperature-responsive domains and catalyst incorporation in membrane domains bring significant advantages for toxic organic decontamination. In this study, hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) were functionalized with stimuli-responsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm), poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), and catalytic zero-valent iron/palladium (Fe/Pd) for heightened reductive degradation of such pollutants, utilizing methyl orange (MO) as a model compound. By utilizing PNIPAm's transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic expression above the LCST of 32 °C, increased pollutant diffusion and adsorption to the catalyst active sites were achieved. PNIPAm-PMMA hydrogels exhibited 11.5× and 10.8× higher equilibrium adsorption values for MO and TCE, respectively, when transitioning from 23 °C to 40 °C. With dip-coated PNIPAm-PMMA-functionalized HFMs (weight gain: ~15%) containing Fe/Pd nanoparticles (dp~34.8 nm), surface area-normalized rate constants for batch degradation were determined, resulting in a 30% and 420% increase in degradation efficiency above 32 °C for MO and TCE, respectively, due to enhanced sorption on the hydrophobic PNIPAm domain. Overall, with functionalized membranes containing superior surface area-to-volume ratios and enhanced sorption sites, efficient treatment of high-volume contaminated water can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rollie Mills
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Cameron Tvrdik
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Andrew Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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Khosla A, Sonu, Awan HTA, Singh K, Gaurav, Walvekar R, Zhao Z, Kaushik A, Khalid M, Chaudhary V. Emergence of MXene and MXene-Polymer Hybrid Membranes as Future- Environmental Remediation Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203527. [PMID: 36316226 PMCID: PMC9798995 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The continuous deterioration of the environment due to extensive industrialization and urbanization has raised the requirement to devise high-performance environmental remediation technologies. Membrane technologies, primarily based on conventional polymers, are the most commercialized air, water, solid, and radiation-based environmental remediation strategies. Low stability at high temperatures, swelling in organic contaminants, and poor selectivity are the fundamental issues associated with polymeric membranes restricting their scalable viability. Polymer-metal-carbides and nitrides (MXenes) hybrid membranes possess remarkable physicochemical attributes, including strong mechanical endurance, high mechanical flexibility, superior adsorptive behavior, and selective permeability, due to multi-interactions between polymers and MXene's surface functionalities. This review articulates the state-of-the-art MXene-polymer hybrid membranes, emphasizing its fabrication routes, enhanced physicochemical properties, and improved adsorptive behavior. It comprehensively summarizes the utilization of MXene-polymer hybrid membranes for environmental remediation applications, including water purification, desalination, ion-separation, gas separation and detection, containment adsorption, and electromagnetic and nuclear radiation shielding. Furthermore, the review highlights the associated bottlenecks of MXene-Polymer hybrid-membranes and its possible alternate solutions to meet industrial requirements. Discussed are opportunities and prospects related to MXene-polymer membrane to devise intelligent and next-generation environmental remediation strategies with the integration of modern age technologies of internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, machine-learning, 5G-communication and cloud-computing are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Khosla
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an710126P. R. China
| | - Sonu
- School Advanced of Chemical SciencesShoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesBajholSolanHP173212India
| | - Hafiz Taimoor Ahmed Awan
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG)School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo. 5Jalan UniversityBandar SunwayPetaling JayaSelangor47500Malaysia
| | - Karambir Singh
- School of Physics and Material scienceShoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesBajholSolanHP173212India
| | - Gaurav
- Department of BotanyRamjas CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi110007India
- SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology Lab)University of DelhiNew Delhi110072India
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSchool of New Energy and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University MalaysiaJalan Sunsuria, Bandar SunsuriaSepangSelangor43900Malaysia
| | - Zhenhuan Zhao
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an710126P. R. China
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech LaboratoryHealth System EngineeringDepartment of Environmental EngineeringFlorida Polytechnic UniversityLakelandFL33805USA
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES)DehradunUttarakhand248007India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG)School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo. 5Jalan UniversityBandar SunwayPetaling JayaSelangor47500Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science and Engineering (SMS2E) Research ClusterSunway UniversityNo. 5Jalan UniversitiBandar SunwayPetaling JayaSelangor47500Malaysia
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell and Department of PhysicsBhagini Nivedita CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia
- SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology Lab)University of DelhiNew Delhi110072India
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Saad A, Mills R, Wan H, Ormsbee L, Bhattacharyya D. Thermoresponsive PNIPAm–PMMA-Functionalized PVDF Membranes with Reactive Fe–Pd Nanoparticles for PCB Degradation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Saad
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Rollie Mills
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Hongyi Wan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Lindell Ormsbee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
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Karahan HE, Goh K, Zhang CJ, Yang E, Yıldırım C, Chuah CY, Ahunbay MG, Lee J, Tantekin-Ersolmaz ŞB, Chen Y, Bae TH. MXene Materials for Designing Advanced Separation Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906697. [PMID: 32484267 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are emerging rapidly as a new family of multifunctional nanomaterials with prospective applications rivaling that of graphenes. Herein, a timely account of the design and performance evaluation of MXene-based membranes is provided. First, the preparation and physicochemical characteristics of MXenes are outlined, with a focus on exfoliation, dispersion stability, and processability, which are crucial factors for membrane fabrication. Then, different formats of MXene-based membranes in the literature are introduced, comprising pristine or intercalated nanolaminates and polymer-based nanocomposites. Next, the major membrane processes so far pursued by MXenes are evaluated, covering gas separation, wastewater treatment, desalination, and organic solvent purification. The potential utility of MXenes in phase inversion and interfacial polymerization, as well as layer-by-layer assembly for the preparation of nanocomposite membranes, is also critically discussed. Looking forward, exploiting the high electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of certain MXenes is put into perspective for niche applications that are not easily achievable by other nanomaterials. Furthermore, the benefits of simulation/modeling approaches for designing MXene-based membranes are exemplified. Overall, critical insights are provided for materials science and membrane communities to navigate better while exploring the potential of MXenes for developing advanced separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Enis Karahan
- Singapore Membrane Technology Center (SMTC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Kunli Goh
- Singapore Membrane Technology Center (SMTC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Chuanfang John Zhang
- ETH Domain, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Euntae Yang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Center (SMTC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-gil, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongnam, 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Cansu Yıldırım
- Polymer Science and Technology Graduate Program, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Chong Yang Chuah
- Singapore Membrane Technology Center (SMTC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - M Göktuğ Ahunbay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Jaewoo Lee
- Singapore Membrane Technology Center (SMTC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | | | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Tae-Hyun Bae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Saad A, Mills R, Wan H, Mottaleb MA, Ormsbee L, Bhattacharyya D. Thermo-responsive adsorption-desorption of perfluoroorganics from water using PNIPAm hydrogels and pore functionalized membranes. J Memb Sci 2020; 599. [PMID: 32095035 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are emerging contaminants in various water sources. Responsive polymers provide a new avenue for PFC adsorption/desorption from water. Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide's (PNIPAm's) temperature-responsive behavior and hydrophilic/hydrophobic transition is leveraged for reversible adsorption and desorption of PFCs. Adsorption of PFOA (perfluoro-octanoic acid) onto PNIPAm hydrogels yielded Freundlich distribution coefficients (Kd) of 0.073 L/g at 35 °C (above LCST) and 0.026 L/g at 22°C. Kinetic studies yielded second order rate constants (k2) of 0.012 g/mg/h for adsorption and 12.6 g/mg/h for desorption, with initial rates of 28 mg/g/h and 41 mg/g/h, respectively. Interaction parameters of PNIPAm's functional groups in its different conformational states, as well as the hydrophobic fluorinated carbon tails and hydrophilic head groups of PFOA are used to describe relative adsorption. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) provides a robust membrane structure for the commercial viability of polymeric adsorbents. Temperature swing adsorption of PFOA using PNIPAm functionalized PVDF membrane pores showed consistent adsorption and desorption capacity over 5 cycles. PFOA desorption percentage of 60% was obtained in pure water at temperatures below PNIPAm's lower critical solution temperature (LCST) while 13% desorption was obtained at temperatures above the LCST, thus showing the importance of the LCST on desorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Saad
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
| | - Rollie Mills
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
| | - Hongyi Wan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
| | - M Abdul Mottaleb
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
| | - Lindell Ormsbee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
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Hernández S, Islam MS, Thompson S, Kearschner M, Hatakeyama E, Malekzadeh N, Hoelen T, Bhattacharyya D. Thiol-Functionalized Membranes for Mercury Capture from Water. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020; 59:5287-5295. [PMID: 33208988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pore functionalized membranes with appropriate ion exchange/chelate groups allow toxic metal sorption under convective flow conditions. This study explores the sorption capacity of ionic mercury in a polyvinylidene fluoride-poly(acrylic acid) (PVDFs-PAA) functionalized membrane immobilized with cysteamine (MEA). Two methods of MEA immobilization to the PVDF-PAA membrane have been assessed: (i) ion exchange (IE) and (ii) carbodiimide cross-linker chemistry using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), known as EDC/NHS coupling. The ion exchange method demonstrates that cysteamine (MEA) can be immobilized effectively on PVDF-PAA membranes without covalent attachment. The effectiveness of the MEA immobilized membranes to remove ionic mercury from the water was evaluated by passing a dissolved mercury(II) nitrate solution through the membranes. The sorption capacity of mercury for MEA immobilized membrane prepared by the IE method is 1015 mg/g PAA. On the other hand, the sorption capacity of mercury for MEA immobilized membrane prepared by EDC/NHS chemistry is 2446 mg/g PAA, indicating that membrane functionalization by EDC/NHS coupling enhanced mercury sorption 2.4 times compared to the IE method. The efficiencies of Hg removal are 94.1 ± 1.1 and 99.1 ± 0.1% for the MEA immobilized membranes prepared by IE and EDC/NHS coupling methods, respectively. These results show potential applications of MEA immobilized PVDF-PAA membranes for industrial wastewater treatment specifically from energy and mining industries to remove mercury and other toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Samuel Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Madison Kearschner
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Evan Hatakeyama
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California 94801, United States
| | - Nga Malekzadeh
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California 94801, United States
| | - Thomas Hoelen
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California 94801, United States
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
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7
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Chen S, Xu N, Ren M, Xiao C, Zhang X. PEI/GO-codecorated poly(acrylic acid-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) fiber as a carrier to support iron ions and its catalytic performance for methylene blue decolorization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1735940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, College of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Naiku Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, College of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengru Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, College of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changfa Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, College of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangwu Zhang
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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8
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Natarajan S, Harini K, Gajula GP, Sarmento B, Neves-Petersen MT, Thiagarajan V. Multifunctional magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: diverse synthetic approaches, surface modifications, cytotoxicity towards biomedical and industrial applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s42833-019-0002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) play a major role in the emerging fields of nanotechnology to facilitate rapid advancements in biomedical and industrial platforms. The superparamagnetic properties of MIONPs and their environment friendly synthetic methods with well-defined particle size have become indispensable to obtain their full potential in a variety of applications ranging from cellular to diverse areas of biomedical science. Thus, the broadened scope and need for MIONPs in their demanding fields of applications required to be highlighted for a comprehensive understanding of their state-of-the-art. Many synthetic methods, however, do not entirely abolish their undesired cytotoxic effects caused by free radical production and high iron dosage. In addition, the agglomeration of MIONPs has also been a major problem. To alleviate these issues, suitable surface modification strategies adaptive to MIONPs has been suggested not only for the effective cytotoxicity control but also to minimize their agglomeration. The surface modification using inorganic and organic polymeric materials would represent an efficient strategy to utilize the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of MIONPs in various human diseases including cancer. This review article elaborates the structural and magnetic properties of MIONPs, specifically magnetite, maghemite and hematite, followed by the important synthetic methods that can be exploited for biomedical approaches. The in vivo cytotoxic effects and the possible surface modifications employed to eliminate the cytotoxicity thereby enhancing the nanoparticle efficacy are also critically discussed. The roles and applications of surface modified MIONPs in medical and industrial platforms have been described for the benefits of global well-being.
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9
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High-flux efficient catalytic membranes incorporated with iron-based Fenton-like catalysts for degradation of organic pollutants. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Nazari R, Rajić L, Ciblak A, Hernández S, Mousa IE, Zhou W, Bhattacharyya D, Alshawabkeh AN. Immobilized palladium-catalyzed electro-Fenton's degradation of chlorobenzene in groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:556-563. [PMID: 30390586 PMCID: PMC6293191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of palladium (Pd) form on the electrochemical degradation of chlorobenzene in groundwater by palladium-catalyzed electro-Fenton (EF) reaction. In batch and flow-through column reactors, EF was initiated via in-situ electrochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) supported by Pd on alumina powder or by palladized polyacrylic acid (PAA) in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Pd-PVDF/PAA). In a mixed batch reactor containing 10 mg L-1 Fe2+, 2 g L-1 of catalyst in powder form (1% Pd, 20 mg L-1 of Pd) and an initial pH of 3, chlorobenzene was degraded under 120 mA current following a first-order decay rate showing 96% removal within 60 min. Under the same conditions, a rotating Pd-PVDF/PAA disk produced 88% of chlorobenzene degradation. In the column experiment with automatic pH adjustment, 71% of chlorobenzene was removed within 120 min with 10 mg L-1 Fe2+, and 2 g L-1 catalyst in pellet form (0.5% Pd, 10 mg L-1 of Pd) under 60 mA. The EF reaction can be achieved under flow, without external pH adjustment and H2O2 addition, and can be applied for in-situ groundwater treatment. Furthermore, the rotating PVDF-PAA membrane with immobilized Pd-catalyst showed an effective and low maintenance option for employing Pd catalyst for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Nazari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ljiljana Rajić
- Pioneer Valley Coral and Natural Science Institute, 1 Mill Valley Road, Hadley, MA, 01035, USA
| | - Ali Ciblak
- Geosyntec Consultants, 1255 Roberts Boulevard, suite 200, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Sebastián Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Ibrahim E Mousa
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 22857, Egypt
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Akram N Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Modified nickel ferrite nanocomposite/functionalized chitosan as a novel adsorbent for the removal of acidic dyes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1714-1725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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Enhanced Catalytic Dechlorination of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Using Ni/Pd Bimetallic Nanoparticles Prepared by a Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8090390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit advantageous electrical, optical, and catalytic properties. Among the various NP synthesis methods, pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is currently attracting much attention because of its simplicity and versatility. In this study, a pulsed laser was used to produce nickel/palladium (Ni/Pd) bimetallic NPs in methanol and deionized water. The morphological and optical properties of the resulting Ni/Pd bimetallic NPs were characterized. The synthesized Ni/Pd bimetallic NPs were used for the dechlorination of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) under various conditions. The dechlorination rates of 1,2-DCB while using single (Ni and Pd) and bimetallic (Ni powder/Pd and Ni/Pd) NPs were investigated. The results showed that the Ni/Pd bimetallic NPs with 19.16 wt.% Pd exhibited much enhanced degradation efficiency for 1,2-DCB (100% degradation after 30 min). Accordingly, the results of enhanced the degradation of 1,2-DCB provide plausible mechanism insights into the catalytic reaction.
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13
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Islam MS, Hernández S, Wan H, Ormsbee L, Bhattacharyya D. Role of membrane pore polymerization conditions for pH responsive behavior, catalytic metal nanoparticle synthesis, and PCB degradation. J Memb Sci 2018; 555:348-361. [PMID: 30718939 PMCID: PMC6358284 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the effects of changing monomer and cross-linker concentrations on the mass gain, water permeability, Pd-Fe nanoparticle (NP) loading, and the rate of degradation of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) of pore functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. In this study, monomer (acrylic acid (AA)) and cross-linker (N, N'- methylene-bis (acrylamide)) concentrations were varied from 10 to 20 wt% of polymer solution and 0.5-2 mol% of monomer concentration, respectively. Results showed that responsive behavior of membrane could be tuned in terms of water permeability over a range of 270-1 L m-2 h-1 bar-1, which is a function of water pH. The NP size on the membrane surface was found in the range of 16-23 nm. With increasing cross-linker density the percentage of smaller NPs (< 10 nm) increases due to smaller mesh size formation during in-situ polymerization of membrane. NP loading was found to vary from 0.21 to 0.94 mg per cm2 of membrane area depending on the variation of available carboxyl groups in membrane pore domain. The NPs functionalized membranes were then tested for use as a platform for the degradation of PCB 126. The observed batch reaction rate (Kobs) for PCB 126 degradation for per mg of catalyst loading was found 0.08-0.1 h-1. Degradation study in convective flow mode shows 98.6% PCB 126 is degraded at a residence time of 46.2 s. The corresponding surface area normalized reaction rate (K sa ) is found about two times higher than K sa of batch degradation; suggesting elimination of the effect of diffusion resistance for degradation of PCB 126 in convective flow mode operation. These Pd-Fe-PAA-PVDF membranes and nanoparticles are characterized by TGA, contact angle measurement, surface zeta potential, XRD, SEM, XPS, FIB, TEM and other techniques reveal the details about the membrane surface, pores and nanoparticles size, shape and size-distribution. Statistical analysis based on experimental results allows us to depict responsive behavior of functionalized membrane. In our best knowledge this paper first time reports detail study on responsive behavior of pore functionalized membrane in terms of permeability, NPs size, metal loading and its effect on PCB 126 degradation in a quantified approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sebastián Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Hongyi Wan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Lindell Ormsbee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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14
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Zhai L, Bai Z, Zhu Y, Wang B, Luo W. Fabrication of chitosan microspheres for efficient adsorption of methyl orange. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wan H, Briot NJ, Saad A, Ormsbee L, Bhattacharyya D. Pore Functionalized PVDF Membranes with In-Situ Synthesized Metal Nanoparticles: Material Characterization, and Toxic Organic Degradation. J Memb Sci 2017; 530:147-157. [PMID: 29398774 PMCID: PMC5793928 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized PVDF membrane platforms were developed for environmentally benign in-situ nanostructured Fe/Pd synthesis and remediation of chlorinated organic compounds. To prevent leaching and aggregation, nanoparticle catalysts were integrated into membrane domains functionalized with poly (acrylic acid). Nanoparticles of 16-19 nm were observed inside the membrane pores by using focused ion beam (FIB). This technique prevents mechanical deformation of the membrane, compared to the normal SEM preparation methods, thus providing a clean, smooth surface for nanoparticles characterization. This allowed quantification of nanoparticle properties (size and distribution) versus depth underneath the membrane surface (0-20 µm). The results showed that nanoparticles were uniformly sized and evenly distributed inside the membrane pores. However, the size of nanoparticles inside the membrane pores was 13.9% smaller than those nanoparticles located on the membrane surface. Investigating nanoparticles inside membrane pores increases the accuracy of kinetic analysis and modeling aspects. Furthermore, the Fe/Pd immobilized membranes showed excellent performance in the degradation of chlorinated organics: Over 96% degradation of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) was achieved in less than 15 s residence time in convective flow mode. The regeneration and reuse of this catalytic membrane system were also studied. Particles were examined in XRD upon formation, after deliberate oxidation, and after regeneration. The regenerated sample showed the same crystalline pattern as the original sample. Repeated degradation experiments demonstrated successful PCB 126 dechlorination with nanoparticles regenerated for four cycles with only a small loss in reactivity. It demonstrated that Fe/Pd immobilized membranes have the potential for large-scale remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Wan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
| | - Nicolas J. Briot
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
| | - Anthony Saad
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
| | - Lindell Ormsbee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
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16
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Sarma R, Islam M, Miller AF, Bhattacharyya D. Layer-by-Layer-Assembled Laccase Enzyme on Stimuli-Responsive Membranes for Chloro-Organics Degradation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14858-14867. [PMID: 28397501 PMCID: PMC5787852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized membranes provide versatile platforms for the incorporation of biocatalysts and nanostructured materials for efficient and benign environmental remediation. The existing techniques for remediating chloro-organics in water consist of both physical and chemical means mostly using metal oxide-based catalysts, despite associated environmental concerns. To offer bioinspired remediation as an alternative, we herein demonstrate a layer-by-layer approach to immobilize laccase enzyme onto pH-responsive functionalized membranes for the degradation of chloro-organics in water. The efficacy of these bioinspired membranes toward dechlorination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) is demonstrated under a pressure-driven continuous flow mode (convective flow) for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Over 80% of the initial TCP was degraded at an optimum flow rate under an applied air pressure of about 0.7 bar or lower. This corresponds to degradation of a substantial amount of the initial substrate in only 36 s residence time, whereas it takes hours for degradation in a batch reaction. This, in fact, demonstrates an energy efficient flow-through system with potentially large-scale applications. Comparison of the stability of the enzyme in the solution phase versus immobilized on the membrane phase showed a loss of some 65% of enzyme activity in the solution phase after 22 d, whereas the membrane-bound enzyme lost only a negligible percentage of the activity in a comparable time span. Finally, the membrane was exposed to rigorous cycles of TCP degradation trials to study its reusability. The primary results reveal a loss of only 14% of the initial activity after 4 cycles of use in a period of 25 d, demonstrating its potential to be reused. Regeneration of the functionalized membrane was also validated by dislodging the immobilized enzyme, followed by immobilization of fresh enzyme onto the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Sarma
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - M.S. Islam
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - Anne-Frances Miller
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
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17
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Wang J, Guo H, Yang Z, Mei Y, Tang CY. Gravity-driven catalytic nanofibrous membranes prepared using a green template. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Progress and perspectives for synthesis of sustainable antifouling composite membranes containing in situ generated nanoparticles. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hernández S, Lei S, Rong W, Ormsbee L, Bhattacharyya D. Functionalization of flat sheet and hollow fiber microfiltration membranes for water applications. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2016; 4:907-918. [PMID: 29392097 PMCID: PMC5790112 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized membranes containing nanoparticles provide a novel platform for organic pollutant degradation reactions and for selective removal of contaminants without the drawback of potential nanoparticle loss to the environment. These eco-friendly and sustainable technology approaches allow various water treatment applications through enhanced water transport through the membrane pores. This paper presents "green" techniques to create nanocomposite materials based on sponge-like membranes for water remediation applications involving chlorinated organic compounds. First, hydrophobic hollow fiber microfiltration membranes (HF) of polyvinylidene fluoride were hydrophilized using a water-based green chemistry process with polyvinylpyrrolidone and persulfate. HF and flat sheet membrane pores were then functionalized with poly(acrylic acid) and synthesized Fe/Pd nanoparticles. Surface modifications were determined by contact angle, surface free energy and infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by electronic microscopy, X-ray spectrometry and image analysis. Nanoparticle sizes of 193 and 301 nm were obtained for each of the membranes. Depending on the concentration of the dopant (Pd) in the membrane, catalytic activity (established by trichloroethylene (TCE) reduction), was enhanced up to tenfold compared to other reported results. Chloride produced in reduction was close to the stoichiometric 3/1 (Cl-/TCE), indicating complete absence of reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Shi Lei
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wang Rong
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lindell Ormsbee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Development of PVDF Membrane Nanocomposites via Various Functionalization Approaches for Environmental Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8020032. [PMID: 30979126 PMCID: PMC6432535 DOI: 10.3390/polym8020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranes are finding wide applications in various fields spanning biological, water, and energy areas. Synthesis of membranes to provide tunable flux, metal sorption, and catalysis has been done through pore functionalization of microfiltration (MF) type membranes with responsive behavior. This methodology provides an opportunity to improve synthetic membrane performance via polymer fabrication and surface modification. By optimizing the polymer coagulation conditions in phase inversion fabrication, spongy polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with high porosity and large internal pore volume were created in lab and full scale. This robust membrane shows a promising mechanical strength as well as high capacity for loading of adsorptive and catalytic materials. By applying surface modification techniques, synthetic membranes with different functionality (carboxyl, amine, and nanoparticle-based) were obtained. These functionalities provide an opportunity to fine-tune the membrane surface properties such as charge and reactivity. The incorporation of stimuli-responsive acrylic polymers (polyacrylic acid or sodium polyacrylate) in membrane pores also results in tunable pore size and ion-exchange capacity. This provides the added benefits of adjustable membrane permeability and metal capture efficiency. The equilibrium and dynamic binding capacity of these functionalized spongy membranes were studied via calcium ion-exchange. Iron/palladium catalytic nanoparticles were immobilized in the polymer matrix in order to perform the challenging degradation of the environmental pollutant trichloroethylene (TCE).
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Landrigan PJ, Wright RO, Cordero JF, Eaton DL, Goldstein BD, Hennig B, Maier RM, Ozonoff DM, Smith MT, Tukey RH. The NIEHS Superfund Research Program: 25 Years of Translational Research for Public Health. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:909-18. [PMID: 25978799 PMCID: PMC4590764 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Superfund Research Program (SRP) is an academically based, multidisciplinary, translational research program that for 25 years has sought scientific solutions to health and environmental problems associated with hazardous waste sites. SRP is coordinated by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). It supports multi-project grants, undergraduate and postdoctoral training programs, individual research grants, and Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Technology Transfer Research (STTR) grants. RESULTS SRP has had many successes: discovery of arsenic's toxicity to the developing human central nervous system; documentation of benzene toxicity to hematologic progenitor cells in human bone marrow; development of novel analytic techniques such as the luciferase expression assay and laser fragmentation fluorescence spectroscopy; demonstration that PCBs can cause developmental neurotoxicity at low levels and alter the genomic characteristics of sentinel animals; elucidation of the neurodevelopmental toxicity of organophosphate insecticides; documentation of links between antimicrobial agents and alterations in hormone response; discovery of biological mechanisms through which environmental chemicals may contribute to obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer; tracking the health and environmental effects of the attacks on the World Trade Center and Hurricane Katrina; and development of novel biological and engineering techniques to facilitate more efficient and lower-cost remediation of hazardous waste sites. CONCLUSION SRP must continue to address the legacy of hazardous waste in the United States, respond to new issues caused by rapid advances in technology, and train the next generation of leaders in environmental health science while recognizing that most of the world's worst toxic hot spots are now located in low- and middle-income countries.
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Gui M, Papp JK, Colburn AS, Meeks ND, Weaver B, Wilf I, Bhattacharyya D. Engineered Iron/Iron Oxide Functionalized Membranes for Selenium and Other Toxic Metal Removal from Power Plant Scrubber Water. J Memb Sci 2015; 488:79-91. [PMID: 26327740 PMCID: PMC4552196 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The remediation of toxic metals from water with high concentrations of salt has been an emerging area for membrane separation. Cost-effective nanomaterials such as iron and iron oxide nanoparticles have been widely used in reductive and oxidative degradation of toxic organics. Similar procedures can be used for redox transformations of metal species (e.g. metal oxyanions to elemental metal), and/or adsorption of species on iron oxide surface. In this study, iron-functionalized membranes were developed for reduction and adsorption of selenium from coal-fired power plant scrubber water. Iron-functionalized membranes have advantages over iron suspension as the membrane prevents particle aggregation and dissolution. Both lab-scale and full-scale membranes were prepared first by coating polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with polyacrylic acid (PAA), followed by ion exchange of ferrous ions and subsequent reduction to zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Water permeability of membrane decreased as the percent PAA functionalization increased, and the highest ion exchange capacity (IEC) was obtained at 20% PAA with highly pH responsive pores. Although high concentrations of sulfate and chloride in scrubber water decreased the reaction rate of selenium reduction, this was shown to be overcome by integration of nanofiltration (NF) and iron-functionalized membranes, and selenium concentration below 10 μg/L was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Gui
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Joseph K. Papp
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Andrew S. Colburn
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Noah D. Meeks
- Southern Company Services, Inc., Birmingham, AL 35203, USA
| | | | - Ilan Wilf
- Nanostone/Sepro Membranes, Inc., Oceanside, CA 92056, USA
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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23
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Colombo A, Dragonetti C, Magni M, Roberto D. Degradation of toxic halogenated organic compounds by iron-containing mono-, bi- and tri-metallic particles in water. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Sikhwivhilu K, Moutloali RM. Functionalized PVDF Membrane-immobilized Fe/Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Catalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye: A Comparative Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Xiao L, Isner A, Waldrop K, Saad A, Takigawa D, Bhattacharyya D. Development of Bench and Full-Scale Temperature and pH Responsive Functionalized PVDF Membranes with Tunable Properties. J Memb Sci 2014; 457:39-49. [PMID: 24944434 PMCID: PMC4058347 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Temperature and pH responsive polymers (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), and polyacrylic acid, PAA) were synthesized in one common macrofiltration PVDF membrane platform by pore-filling method. The microstructure and morphology of the PNIPAAm-PVDF, and PNIPAAm-FPAA-PVDF membranes were studied by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The membrane pore size was controlled by the swelling and shrinking of the PNIPAAm at the temperature around lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The composite membrane demonstrated a rapid and reversible swelling and deswelling change within a small temperature range. The controllable flux makes it possible to utilize this temperature responsive membrane as a valve to regulate filtration properties by temperature change. Dextran solution (Mw=2,000,000g/mol, 26 nm diameter) was used to evaluate the separation performance of the temperature responsive membranes. The ranges of dextran rejection are from 4% to 95% depending on the temperature, monomer amount and pressure. The full-scale membrane was also developed to confirm the feasibility of our bench-scale experimental results. The full-scale membrane also exhibited both temperature and pH responsivity. This system was also used for controlled nanoparticles synthesis and for dechlorination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Austin Isner
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Krysta Waldrop
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Anthony Saad
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | | | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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26
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Hernández S, Papp JK, Bhattacharyya D. Iron-Based Redox Polymerization of Acrylic Acid for Direct Synthesis of Hydrogel/Membranes, and Metal Nanoparticles for Water Treatment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014; 53:1130-1142. [PMID: 24954975 PMCID: PMC4061718 DOI: 10.1021/ie403353g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized polymer materials with ion exchange groups and integration of nano-structured materials is an emerging area for catalytic and water pollution control applications. The polymerization of materials such as acrylic acid often requires persulfate initiator and a high temperature start. However, is generally known that metal ions accelerate such polymerizations starting from room temperature. If the metal is properly selected, it can be used in environmental applications adding two advantages simultaneously. This paper deals with this by polymerizing acrylic acid using iron as accelerant and its subsequent use for nanoparticle synthesis in hydrogel and PVDF membranes. Characterizations of hydrogel, membranes and nanoparticles were carried out with different techniques. Nanoparticles sizes of 30-60 nm were synthesized. Permeability and swelling measurements demonstrate an inverse relationship between hydrogel mesh size (6.30 to 8.34 nm) and membrane pores (222 to 110 nm). Quantitative reduction of trichloroethylene/chloride generation by Fe/Pd nanoparticles in hydrogel/membrane platforms was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046
| | - Joseph K. Papp
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046
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