1
|
Vinayagam V, Kishor Kumar NK, Palani KN, Ganesh S, Kushwaha OS, Pugazhendhi A. Recent breakthroughs on the development of electrodeionization systems for toxic pollutants removal from water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117549. [PMID: 37931737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Since ecosystems are becoming inherently polluted, long-term contaminant removal methods are required. Electrodeionization, in particular, has recently been demonstrated as an effective approach for eliminating ionic compounds from contaminated water sources. Being a more environmentally friendly technology is most likely the main reason for its eminence. It uses electricity to replace toxic contaminants that are conventionally used to regenerate and hence reducing the toxins associated with resin regeneration. In wastewater treatment, continuous electrodeionization system overcomes several limitations of ion exchange resins, notably ion dumping. This prospective assessment delves into the mechanism, principle, and theory of electrodeionization system. It also focused on the design and applications, particularly in the removal of toxic compounds, as well as current advances in the electrodeionization system. Recent breakthroughs in electrodeionization were comprehensively discussed. Further developments in electrodeionization systems are also projected, with improved efficiency at the time of functioning at lower costs because of reduced energy use, proving them desirable for commercial usage with a broad array of applications across the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Nitish Kumar Kishor Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | | | - Sudha Ganesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Omkar Singh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, 60036, India
| | - A Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Senthil Kumar P, Varsha M, Senthil Rathi B, Rangasamy G. Electrodeionization: Principle, techniques and factors influencing its performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114756. [PMID: 36372148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are becoming more and more polluted, hence sustainable techniques of pollution removal are needed. In the recent times, exceedingly pure water has become ideal for several industries. Modern industry needs ultra-pure water, which is highly processed water that is devoid of colloidal particles and has a conductivity of less than 0.06 μS. A very effective method for removing ionic chemicals from polluted waters emerged recently called electrodeionization. Continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) is a technique for producing high-purity water. Besides rendering purified water, the technique has got promising wastewater treatment technologies - by facilitating the eradication of ionizable compounds, hazardous chemicals, radioactive pollutants, heavy metals and other potential contaminants. Innovative materials have been developed in order to advance and improve this technique, which would result in enormous ecological and financial benefit on a worldwide scale. In this review article, several factors that affect the performance of CEDI has been comprehended, with the impact of Ion-exchange resins and membranes as the focal point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Senthil Kumar
- Deprtament of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - M Varsha
- Deprtament of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Senthil Rathi
- Deprtament of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph' College of Engineering, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei CY, Pan SY, Lin YI, Cao TND. Anaerobic swine digestate valorization via energy-efficient electrodialysis for nutrient recovery and water reclamation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119066. [PMID: 36099763 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective and energy-efficient technologies to recover nutrients from digestate is important. Anaerobic digestate can be concentrated into bio-nutrient products through an electrodialysis (ED) process in an energy-efficient manner. Despite recent advances, the operation modes of ED for nutrient recovery from swine digestate are yet to be systematically evaluated from the perspective of energy-water efficiencies, and the determination of optimal operations in ED units is still ambiguous. In this study, two different operating modes of electrodialysis, i.e., constant voltage and constant current, are designed to evaluate the energy efficiency and effectiveness of nutrient recovery from anaerobic swine digestate. The ion removal ratio and current efficiency of the different modes and their associated electromigration performance (e.g., rate constants) are evaluated. The results indicate that the maximum removal efficiency (in terms of electrical conductivity) is 92.8% at a cell voltage of 2.4 V/cell using the constant voltage operation. The current efficiencies of NH4+ (43‒65%) are higher than that of other ions, such as K+ (12‒19%), Cl- (4‒7%), and PO43- (0.1‒1.5%). For nitrogen recovery, the required energy consumption was about 0.24‒15.2 kWh/kg-N (0.86‒54.7 kJ/g-N), corresponding to a removal ratio of ammonium from 70.8% to 99.1%. Based on the experimental data, the optimal operating conditions are identified using response surface models by considering process energy consumption and productivity to deliver energy-efficient nutrient separation. One candidate of the ideal conditions to achieve the total ion removal of ∼93% should be operated at a constant cell voltage of 1.15 V, corresponding to a productivity of 5.24 gal/hr/m2 at an energy consumption of 0.44 kWh/m3. Last, a conceptual design of cascading separation processes is proposed for digestate valorization as biofertilizers, nutrients, organic acids, and reclaimed water. A preliminary benefit-cost evaluation is then performed to evaluate the engineering and economic performance of the developed process for nutrient recovery from swine digestate. This article provides insight into practical large-scale applications of digestate valorization through energy-efficient separation, thereby realizing a circular economy system and a decarbonizing supply chain of bio-nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yu Wei
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-I Lin
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Thanh Ngoc-Dan Cao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rathi BS, Kumar PS, Parthiban R. A review on recent advances in electrodeionization for various environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133223. [PMID: 34896170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing contamination of ecosystems necessitates the development of long-term pollution-removal technologies. Electrodeionization, in notably, has newly proven as an efficient method for removing ionic chemicals from polluted waterways. The fact that continuous electrodeionization is a greener technique is most probably the biggest cause for its success. It replaces the toxic chemicals typically required to replenish resins with electric power, therefore eliminating the wastewater involved with resin renewal. In water treatment, electrodeionization solves some of the drawbacks of ion exchange resin beds, particularly ion dumping as beds expire. This comprehensive review explores the theory, principles, and mechanisms of ion movement and separation in an electrodeionization unit. Also, it investigated the construction and usage, notably in removing heavy metal and its current developments in electrodeionization unit. Recent advances in Electrodeionization like polarity reversal, Resin wafer Electrodeionization, membrane free Electrodeionization, and electrostatic shielding with novel materials and hybrid process along with Electrodeionization were addressed. Further advancements are expected in electrodeionization systems that exhibit better efficacy while running at lower costs due to decreased energy usage, rendering them appealing for industrial scale up across a wide range of applications across the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Senthil Rathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - R Parthiban
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan SY, Tsai CY, Liu CW, Wang SW, Kim H, Fan C. Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural wastes toward circular bioeconomy. iScience 2021; 24:102704. [PMID: 34258548 PMCID: PMC8253966 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A huge amount of agricultural wastes and waste activated-sludge are being generated every year around the world. Anaerobic co-digestion (AcD) has been considered as an alternative for the utilization of organic matters from such organic wastes by producing bioenergy and biochemicals to realize a circular bioeconomy. Despite recent advancement in AcD processes, the effect of feedstock compositions and operating conditions on the biomethane production processe has not been critically explored. In this paper, we have reviewed the effects of feedstock (organic wastes) characteristics, including particle size, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and pretreatment options, on the performance of an anaerobic digestion process. In addition, we provided an overview of the effect of key control parameters, including retention time, temperature, pH of digestate, volatile fatty acids content, total solids content, and organic loading rate. Lastly, based on the findings from the literature, we have presented several perspectives and prospects on priority research to promote AcD to a steppingstone for a circular bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Cheng-Yen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chen-Wuing Liu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Sheng-Wei Wang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, The University of Seoul, 163, Seoulsiripdae‑ro, Dongdaemun‑gu, Seoul 02504, South Korea
| | - Chihhao Fan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Combined ultrafiltration and electrodeionization techniques for microbial xylitol purification. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Handojo L, Wardani AK, Regina D, Bella C, Kresnowati MTAP, Wenten IG. Electro-membrane processes for organic acid recovery. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7854-7869. [PMID: 35521162 PMCID: PMC9061277 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increase in the organic acid requirement, the production of organic acids has been increased over the years. To achieve cost-effective production of organic acids, efficient recovery processes are needed. Electro-membrane processes, including electrodialysis (ED), electrometathesis (EMT), electro-ion substitution (EIS), electro-electrodialysis (EED), electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM), and electrodeionization (EDI), are promising technologies for the recovery of organic acids. In the electro-membrane processes, organic acids are separated from water and other impurities based on the electro-migration of ions through ion-exchange membranes. These processes can recover various types of organic acids from the fermentation broth with high recovery yield and low energy consumption. In addition, the integration of fermentation and the electro-membrane process can improve the acid recovery with lower byproduct concentration and energy consumption. With an increase in the organic acid requirement, the publication of organic acids recovery has been increased over the years.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Handojo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
| | - A. K. Wardani
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
| | - D. Regina
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
| | - C. Bella
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
| | | | - I. G. Wenten
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng XY, Pan SY, Tseng PC, Zheng HL, Chiang PC. Optimization of resin wafer electrodeionization for brackish water desalination. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Coz A, Llano T, Cifrián E, Viguri J, Maican E, Sixta H. Physico-Chemical Alternatives in Lignocellulosic Materials in Relation to the Kind of Component for Fermenting Purposes. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9070574. [PMID: 28773700 PMCID: PMC5456911 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The complete bioconversion of the carbohydrate fraction is of great importance for a lignocellulosic-based biorefinery. However, due to the structure of the lignocellulosic materials, and depending basically on the main parameters within the pretreatment steps, numerous byproducts are generated and they act as inhibitors in the fermentation operations. In this sense, the impact of inhibitory compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials is one of the major challenges for a sustainable biomass-to-biofuel and -bioproduct industry. In order to minimise the negative effects of these compounds, numerous methodologies have been tested including physical, chemical, and biological processes. The main physical and chemical treatments have been studied in this work in relation to the lignocellulosic material and the inhibitor in order to point out the best mechanisms for fermenting purposes. In addition, special attention has been made in the case of lignocellulosic hydrolysates obtained by chemical processes with SO₂, due to the complex matrix of these materials and the increase in these methodologies in future biorefinery markets. Recommendations of different detoxification methods have been given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Coz
- Green Engineering and Resources, Department of Chemistry and Process and Resource Engineering, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, Santander 39005, Spain.
| | - Tamara Llano
- Green Engineering and Resources, Department of Chemistry and Process and Resource Engineering, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, Santander 39005, Spain.
| | - Eva Cifrián
- Green Engineering and Resources, Department of Chemistry and Process and Resource Engineering, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, Santander 39005, Spain.
| | - Javier Viguri
- Green Engineering and Resources, Department of Chemistry and Process and Resource Engineering, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, Santander 39005, Spain.
| | - Edmond Maican
- Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucuresti 060042, Romania.
| | - Herbert Sixta
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemistry, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto FI-00076, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lopez AM, Dunsworth H, Hestekin JA. Reduction of the shadow spacer effect using reverse electrodeionization and its applications in water recycling for hydraulic fracturing operations. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Lopez AM, Hestekin JA. Improved organic acid purification through wafer enhanced electrodeionization utilizing ionic liquids. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
Datta S, Henry MP, Lin YJ, Fracaro AT, Millard CS, Snyder SW, Stiles RL, Shah J, Yuan J, Wesoloski L, Dorner RW, Carlson WM. Electrochemical CO2 Capture Using Resin-Wafer Electrodeionization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402538d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Datta
- Energy
Systems, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, United States
| | - Michael P. Henry
- Energy
Systems, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, United States
| | - YuPo. J. Lin
- Energy
Systems, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, United States
| | - Anthony T. Fracaro
- Energy
Systems, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, United States
| | - Cynthia S. Millard
- Energy
Systems, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, United States
| | - Seth W. Snyder
- Energy
Systems, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Stiles
- Air Protection Technologies, Nalco Company, an Ecolab Company, 1601 West Diehl Road, Naperville, Illinois 60563, United States
| | - Jitendra Shah
- Air Protection Technologies, Nalco Company, an Ecolab Company, 1601 West Diehl Road, Naperville, Illinois 60563, United States
| | - Jianwei Yuan
- Air Protection Technologies, Nalco Company, an Ecolab Company, 1601 West Diehl Road, Naperville, Illinois 60563, United States
| | - Lisa Wesoloski
- Air Protection Technologies, Nalco Company, an Ecolab Company, 1601 West Diehl Road, Naperville, Illinois 60563, United States
| | - Robert W. Dorner
- Air Protection Technologies, Nalco Company, an Ecolab Company, 1601 West Diehl Road, Naperville, Illinois 60563, United States
| | - Wayne M. Carlson
- Air Protection Technologies, Nalco Company, an Ecolab Company, 1601 West Diehl Road, Naperville, Illinois 60563, United States
| |
Collapse
|