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Nakabayashi T, Nishi N, Sakuragi H. Photochemistry of Photochromic Benzopyrans Studied by Time-Resolved Absorption Spectroscopy. Sci Prog 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/003685001783239041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic reactions of 2H-benzopyrans have been extensively studied to design new materials for commercial applications such as optical memories. Photochromism of 2H-benzopyrans proceeds from a C–O bond cleavage of the colorless closed form to give the colored open forms, which can thermally revert back to the original closed form. From time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, the ring opening of 2H-benzopyrans, 2,4-diphenyl-and 2,2,4-triphenyl-2H-benzopyran, is found to occur via the excited singlet state within 2 ps to produce vibrationally excited open forms in the ground electronic state. In the subnanosecond to submillisecond time domain, several decay components are observed. These components are assigned to respective stereoisomers with respect to two double bonds and one single bond of the open enone forms. As revealed from pump-laser power dependencies of the yields of the open forms, the photocleavage of the benzopyran molecules gives at first only the open forms revertible to the closed form by a single-bond rotation, and the photoexcitation of the first generated open forms gives rise to other open forms that need a double-bond rotation for reversion to the original closed form. Such a two-step two-photon photochromism can be expected to have a wide range of application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nobuyuki Nishi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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2
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Lin L, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Guo Y, Liu M. Two-Photon-Induced Isomerization of Spiropyran/Merocyanine at the Air/Water Interface Probed by Second Harmonic Generation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7859-7864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P. R. China
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3
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Li M, Zhang Q, Zhu S. Photo-inactive divinyl spiropyran mechanophore cross-linker for real-time stress sensing. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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4
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Synthesis, molecular structure, FT-IR, FT-Raman and XRD spectroscopic investigations of (E)-1-(5-((4-bromophenyl)diazenyl)-2- hydroxyphenyl)ethanone: A comparative DFT study. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Peterson GI, Larsen MB, Ganter MA, Storti DW, Boydston AJ. 3D-printed mechanochromic materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:577-83. [PMID: 25478746 DOI: 10.1021/am506745m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe the preparation and characterization of photo- and mechanochromic 3D-printed structures using a commercial fused filament fabrication printer. Three spiropyran-containing poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymers were each filamentized and used to print single- and multicomponent tensile testing specimens that would be difficult, if not impossible, to prepare using traditional manufacturing techniques. It was determined that the filament production and printing process did not degrade the spiropyran units or polymer chains and that the mechanical properties of the specimens prepared with the custom filament were in good agreement with those from commercial PCL filament. In addition to printing photochromic and dual photo- and mechanochromic PCL materials, we also prepare PCL containing a spiropyran unit that is selectively activated by mechanical impetus. Multicomponent specimens containing two different responsive spiropyrans enabled selective activation of different regions within the specimen depending on the stimulus applied to the material. By taking advantage of the unique capabilities of 3D printing, we also demonstrate rapid modification of a prototype force sensor that enables the assessment of peak load by simple visual assessment of mechanochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
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6
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Darwish N, Aragonès AC, Darwish T, Ciampi S, Díez-Pérez I. Multi-responsive photo- and chemo-electrical single-molecule switches. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:7064-70. [PMID: 25419986 DOI: 10.1021/nl5034599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating molecular switches as the active components in nanoscale electrical devices represents a current challenge in molecular electronics. It demands key requirements that need to be simultaneously addressed including fast responses to external stimuli and stable attachment of the molecules to the electrodes while mimicking the operation of conventional electronic components. Here, we report a single-molecule switching device that responds electrically to optical and chemical stimuli. A light pointer or a chemical signal can rapidly and reversibly induce the isomerization of bifunctional spiropyran derivatives in the bulk reservoir and, consequently, switch the electrical conductivity of the single-molecule device between a low and a high level. The spiropyran derivatives employed are chemically functionalized such that they can respond in fast but practical time scales. The unique multistimuli response and the synthetic versatility to control the switching schemes of this single-molecule device suggest spiropyran derivatives as key candidates for molecular circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Darwish
- Departament de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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7
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Redeckas K, Voiciuk V, Steponavičiu̅tė R, Martynaitis V, Šačkus A, Vengris M. Optically Controlled Molecular Switching of an Indolobenzoxazine-Type Photochromic Compound. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5642-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505723q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kipras Redeckas
- Quantum
Electronics Department, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vladislava Voiciuk
- Quantum
Electronics Department, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Steponavičiu̅tė
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų
19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytas Martynaitis
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų
19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų
19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mikas Vengris
- Quantum
Electronics Department, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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8
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Jang AR, Jeon EK, Kang D, Kim G, Kim BS, Kang DJ, Shin HS. Reversibly light-modulated dirac point of graphene functionalized with spiropyran. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9207-13. [PMID: 22980316 DOI: 10.1021/nn303539y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has been functionalized with spiropyran (SP), a well-known photochromic molecule. It has been realized with pyrene-modified SP, which has been adsorbed on graphene by π-π interaction between pyrene and graphene. The field-effect transistor (FET) with SP-functionalized graphene exhibited n-doping effect and interesting optoelectronic behaviors. The Dirac point of graphene in the FET could be controlled by light modulation because spiropyran can be reversibly switched between two different conformations, a neutral form (colorless SP) and a charge-separated form (purple colored merocyanine, MC), on UV and visible light irradiation. The MC form is produced during UV light irradiation, inducing the shift of the Dirac point of graphene toward negative gate voltage. The reverse process back to the neutral SP form occurred under visible light irradiation or in darkness, inducing a shift of the Dirac point toward positive gate voltage. The change of the Dirac point by UV and visible light was reproducibly repeated. SP molecules also improved the conductance change in the FET device. Furthermore, dynamics on conversion from MC to SP on graphene was different from that in solution and solid samples with SP-grafted polymer or that on gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Jang
- Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 689-805, Korea
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9
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Odabaşoğlu M, Albayrak C, Koşar B, Büyükgüngör O. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and quantum chemical computational studies of (Z)-4-[(E)-p-tolyldiazenyl]-6-[(2-hydroxyphenylamino)methylene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dienone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 92:357-364. [PMID: 22446785 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of title compound were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopies. These properties of title compound were also investigated from calculative point of view. The X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analyses reveal the existence of keto form in the solid state. UV-vis spectra were recorded in different organic solvents. The results show that title compound exists in both keto and enol forms in DMSO, EtOH but it exists in enol form in benzene. In addition, the title compound in DMSO showed new absorption band at 436 nm due to the high ionizing effect of this solvent. The geometry optimization of title compound in gas phase was performed using DFT method with B3LYP applying 6-311G(d,p) basis set. TD-DFT calculations starting from optimized geometry were carried out in gas phase to calculate excitation energies of title compound. The non-linear optical properties were computed with the same level of theory and title compound showed a good second order nonlinear optical property. In addition, thermodynamic properties were obtained in the range of 100-500 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Odabaşoğlu
- Pamukkale University, Department of Chemical Technology, 20070 Kınıklı-Denizli, Turkey.
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10
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Lee EM, Gwon SY, Son YA, Kim SH. Switching properties of fluorescent photochromic poly(methyl methacrylate) with spironaphthoxazine and D-π-A type pyran-based fluorescent dye. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 86:600-604. [PMID: 22133701 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent photochromic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with spironaphthoxazine (SPO) and D-π-A type pyran-base fluorescent dye as a fluorophore was synthesized by typical free radical copolymerization. The poly(MMA-co-SPO-co-fluorophore) in both solution and solid film exhibited excellent photoregulated fluorescence switching behavior and reversible modulation of fluorescence intensity using alternating irradiation with UV and visible light. The poly(MMA-co-SPO-co-fluorophore) also showed viscosity and conductivity switching behaviors along with photoresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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11
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Albayrak C, Odabaşoğlu M, Ozek A, Büyükgüngör O. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and quantum chemical computational studies of (Z)-4-[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)diazenyl]-6-[(3-hydroxypropylamino)methylene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dienone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 85:85-91. [PMID: 22001007 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of the title compound were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopies. These properties were also investigated using DFT method. The most convenient conformation of title compound was firstly determined. The geometry optimizations in gas phase and solvent media were performed by DFT methods with B3LYP adding 6-31G(d) basis set. The differences between crystal and computational structures are due to crystal packing in which hydrogen bonds play an important role. UV-vis spectra were recorded in different organic solvents. The results show that title compound exists in both keto and enol forms in DMSO, EtOH but it tends to shift towards enol form in benzene. The polar solvents facilitate the proton transfer by decreasing the activation energy needed for Transition State. The formation of both keto and enol forms in DMSO and EtOH is due to decrease in the activation energy. TD-DFT calculations starting from optimized geometry were carried out in both gas and solution phases to calculate excitation energies of the title compound. The non-linear optical properties were computed at the theory level and the title compound showed a good second order non-linear optical property. In addition, thermodynamic properties were obtained in the range of 100-500K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciğdem Albayrak
- Faculty of Education, Sinop University, 57100 Sinop, Turkey.
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12
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Plyusnin VF, Glebov EM, Grivin VP, Korolev VV, Metelitsa AV, Voloshin NA, Minkin VI. Photochromic properties of phenanthroline-annulated spirooxazine in the solid state. Russ Chem Bull 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Buback J, Kullmann M, Langhojer F, Nuernberger P, Schmidt R, Würthner F, Brixner T. Ultrafast Bidirectional Photoswitching of a Spiropyran. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16510-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1062746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Buback
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kullmann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Langhojer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmidt
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Zhi JF, Baba R, Hashimoto K, Fujishima A. A Multi-Functional Electro-Optical Molecular Device. The Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Spirobenzopyrans in Dimethylformamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19950990106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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di Nunzio MR, Danilov EO, Rodgers MAJ, Favaro G. Ultrafast excited-state dynamics in some spirooxazines and chromenes. Evidence for a dual relaxation pathway. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1391-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Alberti A, Astolfi P, Campredon M, Greci L, Guerra M, Macciantelli D, Plescia E. The reaction of spiro[indoline-naphthopyrans] with nitrogen oxides. Not a case of biradical double trapping. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2010; 48:25-37. [PMID: 19890941 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of six differently substituted photochromic spiro[indoline-naphtopyrans] with .NO or .NO(2) under normal daylight conditions have been investigated by means of EPR spectroscopy along with those of three structurally related spiro[indoline-benzopyrans]. The spectra due to cyclic oxynitroxides originating from double trapping of biradicals by .NO were observed with the three latter derivatives, this finding being in agreement with previous results. Similar signals were also observed with the six former compounds, but in this case they were responsible for just a minor component of the spectra, the main spectral signals being due to hitherto unreported paramagnetic species that on the basis of their spectral parameters are identified as iminoxy radicals. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level carried out on a variety of radicals support this assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Alberti
- CNR-ISOF, Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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17
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Karabıyık H, Petek H, İskeleli NO, Albayrak Ç. Crystallographic and conformational analysis of two novel trans-azo benzene compounds. Struct Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-009-9490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Zhang H, Rajesh CS, Dutta PK. Visible-Light-Driven Photoreactions of [(bpy)2Ru(II)L]Cl2 in Aqueous Solutions (bpy = Bipyridine, L = 1,2-Bis(4-(4‘-methyl)-2,2‘-bipyridyl) Ethene). J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:808-17. [PMID: 18193846 DOI: 10.1021/jp076513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, 120 West 18th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Cheruvallil S. Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry, 120 West 18th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Prabir K. Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, 120 West 18th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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21
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Lainé PP, Bedioui F, Loiseau F, Chiorboli C, Campagna S. Conformationally gated photoinduced processes within photosensitizer-acceptor dyads based on osmium(II) complexes with triarylpyridinio-functionalized terpyridyl ligands: insights from experimental study. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:7510-21. [PMID: 16756306 DOI: 10.1021/ja058357w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[(ttpy)Os(tpy-ph-TPH(3)(+))](3+) (2), [(ttpy)Os(tpy-xy-TPH(3)(+))](3+) (3), [(ttpy)Os(tpy-ph-TPH(2)(NO(2))(+))](3+) (4), and [(ttpy)Os(tpy-xy-TPH(2)(NO(2))(+))](3+) (5) are a series of dyads made of an Os(II) bis-tpy complex (tpy = 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine) as the photosensitizer (P) and 2,4,6-triarylpyridinium group (TP(+)) as the electron acceptor (A). These dyads were designed to form charge-separated states (CSS) upon light excitation. Together with analogous Ru(II) complexes (7-10), they have been synthesized and fully characterized. We describe herein how intramolecular photoinduced processes are affected when the electron-accepting strength of A (by nitro-derivatization of TP(+)) and/or the steric hindrance about intercomponent linkage (by replacing a phenyl spacer by a xylyl one) are changed. Electronic absorption and electrochemical behavior revealed that (i) chemical substitution of TP(+) (i.e., TP(+)-NO(2)) has no sizable influence on P-centered electronic features, (ii) reduction processes located on TP(+) depend on the intercomponent tilt angle. Concerning excited-state properties, photophysical investigation evidenced that phosphorescence of P is actually quenched in dyads 4 and 5 only. Ultrafast transient absorption (TA) experiments allowed attributing the quenching in conformationally locked dyad 5 to oxidative electron transfer (ET) from the (3)MLCT level to the TP(+)-NO(2) acceptor (k(el) = 1.1 x 10(9) s(-)(1)). For 4, geometrically unlocked, the (3)MLCT state was shown to first rapidly equilibrate (reversible energy transfer; k(eq) approximately 2 x 10(9) s(-)(1)) with a ligand centered triplet state before undergoing CSS formation. Thus, the pivotal role of conformation in driving excited-state decay pathways is demonstrated. Also, inner P structural planarization as a relaxation mode of the (3)MLCT states has been inferred from TA experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe P Lainé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR-8601, Université René Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
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22
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Jones G, Yan D, Hu J, Wan J, Xia B, Vullev VI. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Arylacridinium Conjugates in a Solid Glass Matrix. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6921-9. [PMID: 17539680 DOI: 10.1021/jp072224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of a series of 9-arylacridinium conjugates in solid glass matrices composed of sucrose octaacetate have been determined. The fluorescence of the charge-shift states is significantly enhanced because of the retardation of nonradiative pathways for back-electron transfer. Changes of more than 3 orders of magnitude in back-electron-transfer rates (sucrose octaacetate glass vs conventional solvents at room temperature) were observed. Transient spectra displayed long-lived charge-shift species in the microsecond time regime for thianthrene acridinium conjugates. The rate retardation is associated with slow solvation times for surrounding solvent layers in the solid matrix. The red-edge effect (excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence) for the arylacridinium ions in solid glass confirms the microheterogeneity of the sucrose octaacetate medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilford Jones
- Photonics Center and Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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23
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Stoliar P, Kshirsagar R, Massi M, Annibale P, Albonetti C, de Leeuw DM, Biscarini F. Charge Injection Across Self-Assembly Monolayers in Organic Field-Effect Transistors: Odd−Even Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6477-84. [PMID: 17472377 DOI: 10.1021/ja069235m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the role of self-assembly monolayers in modulating the response of organic field-effect transistors. Alkanethiol monolayers of chain length n are self-assembled on the source and drain electrodes of pentacene field-effect transistors. The charge carrier mobility mu exhibits large fluctuations correlated with odd-even n. For n < 8, mu increases by 1 order of magnitude owing to the decrease of the hole injection barrier and the improved molecular order at the organic-metallic interface. For n > or = 8, mu decays exponentially with an inverse decay length beta = 0.6 A(-1). Our results show that (i) charge injection across the interface occurs by through-bond tunneling of holes mediated by the alkanethiol layer; (ii) in the long-chain regime, the charge injection across the alkanethiol monolayer completely governs the transistor response; (iii) the transistor is a sensitive gauge for probing charge transport across single monolayers. The odd-even effect is ascribed to the anisotropic coupling between the alkanethiol terminal sigma bond and the HOMO level of ordered pentacene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Stoliar
- Nanotechnology of Multifunctional Materials (NMM) Research Division, CNR-ISMN, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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24
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Zhang CR, Yan WP, Fan MG. Synthesis and photoreaction mechanism of a novel bifunctional photochromic compound. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2007.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Weber JM, Rawls MT, Mackenzie VJ, Limoges BR, Elliott CM. High energy and quantum efficiency in photoinduced charge separation. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:313-20. [PMID: 17212410 DOI: 10.1021/ja0665500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular triad assemblies consisting of a central trisbipyridine ruthenium(II) chromophore (C2+) with one or more appended phenothiazine electron donors (D) and a diquat-type electron acceptor (A2+) have been shown to form long-lived photoinduced charge separated states (CSS) with unusually and consistently high quantum efficiency. Up to now, there has been no understanding for why these large efficiencies (often close to unity) are achieved across this entire class of triads when other, seemingly similar systems are often much less efficient. In the present study, using a bimolecular system consisting of a chromophore-acceptor diad (C2+-A2+) and an N-methylphenothiazine donor, we demonstrate that a ground-state association exists between the RuL3(2+) and the phenothiazine prior to photoexcitation. It is this association process that is responsible for the efficient CSS formation in the bimolecular system and, by inference, also must be an essential factor in the fully intramolecular process occurring with the D-C2+-A2+ triad analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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26
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Tang R, Huang K, Tang Z, Yang Q. Synthesis of Novel ( p‐Substituted Styryl) Spirobenzopyrans. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701227366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐ren Tang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Ke‐long Huang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Zi‐long Tang
- b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology , Xiangtan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, China
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27
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28
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Dynamic NMR spectroscopy in studies of the kinetics of photoinduced chemical exchange in solutions. Russ Chem Bull 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Aubard J, Maurel F, Buntinx G, Poizat O, Levi G, Guglielmetti R, Samat A. Femto/Picosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Photochromic 3,3-Diphenylnaphtho[2,1-b]pyran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587250008023921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Aubard
- a Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, ITODYS, ESA CNRS 7086 , 1 rue Guy de la Brosse, 75005 , Paris , France
| | - F. Maurel
- a Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, ITODYS, ESA CNRS 7086 , 1 rue Guy de la Brosse, 75005 , Paris , France
| | - G. Buntinx
- b Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, LASIR, UMR CNRS 8516 , Bat. C5, 59655 , Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex , France
| | - O. Poizat
- b Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, LASIR, UMR CNRS 8516 , Bat. C5, 59655 , Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex , France
| | - G. Levi
- a Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, ITODYS, ESA CNRS 7086 , 1 rue Guy de la Brosse, 75005 , Paris , France
| | - R. Guglielmetti
- c Université de la Méditerrannée, LCMOM, ESA CNRS 6114, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy , Case 901-13288 , Marseille Cedex 9 , France
| | - A. Samat
- c Université de la Méditerrannée, LCMOM, ESA CNRS 6114, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy , Case 901-13288 , Marseille Cedex 9 , France
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30
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PM3 semiempirical study and its comparison with X-ray crystal structure of 2-methyl-4-(4-methoxyphenylazo)phenol. Struct Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-006-9051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Glebov E, Vorobyev D, Grivin V, Plyusnin V, Metelitsa A, Voloshin N, Minkin V, Micheau J. Photochemistry of phenanthroline-containing spirooxazines in a low-temperature methanol matrix. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Poisson L, Raffael KD, Soep B, Mestdagh JM, Buntinx G. Gas-Phase Dynamics of Spiropyran and Spirooxazine Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:3169-78. [PMID: 16522097 DOI: 10.1021/ja055079s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase dynamics of two classes of photochromic molecules, three spiropyrans and one spirooxazine, have been investigated here using both time-resolved mass spectrometry and photoelectron spectroscopy approaches. It is, to our knowledge, the first gas-phase experiment done of these kinds of molecules. The molecules are excited at 266 nm and probed at 800 nm. The comparison of the dynamics of these four molecules has been used to propose a sequential photoisomerization mechanism involving four steps occurring in the first 100 ps. Each of these steps is discussed and related to the observed condensed-phase dynamics and to theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Poisson
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CEA/DSM/DRECAM/SPAM-CNRS URA 2453, DSM CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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33
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Minkin VI, Metelitsa AV, Dorogan IV, Lukyanov BS, Besugliy SO, Micheau JC. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Evidence for the Elusive Intermediate of the Photoinitiated and Thermal Rearrangements of Photochromic Spiropyrans. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:9605-16. [PMID: 16866414 DOI: 10.1021/jp050552+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spectral properties and photochromic behavior of a series of novel 1',3',3'-trimethyl-1,2-tetramethylenespiro[7H-furo(3,2-f)-(2H-1)-benzopyran-7,2'-indolines] 1-4 have been studied. The mechanism of the photoinitiated ring-opening reaction involves the formation of an acoplanar cis-cisoid intermediate, the lifetime of which in the case of 6-(tert-butyl) derivative 4 is long enough to observe its absorption and fluorescence spectra under conditions of continuous irradiation. The occurrence of the intermediate on the reaction paths of the thermal and photochemical ring-opening processes has been also shown by the DFT and CIS calculations. The TD-B3LYP/6-31G//HF/6-31G calculated spectrum of the intermediate well matches that observed experimentally. For spiropyran 3 with a 6-NO(2) group, kinetic and activation parameters of the photoinitiated coloration and dark bleaching reactions have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Minkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Rostov University, Stachka Avenue 194/2, 344090, Rostov on Don, Russian Federation.
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34
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Holm AK, Mohammed OF, Rini M, Mukhtar E, Nibbering ETJ, Fidder H. Sequential Merocyanine Product Isomerization Following Femtosecond UV Excitation of a Spiropyran. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:8962-8. [PMID: 16331998 DOI: 10.1021/jp053543+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ring-opening dynamics of the photochromic switch 1',3'-dihydro-1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-(2H)-indole] in tetrachloroethene is studied with both femtosecond time-resolved ultraviolet (UV)/visible and UV/mid-infrared (IR) pump-probe spectroscopy. During the first picosecond we identify two new transient features in the UV/vis experiments, the first of which we assign to spiropyran S1 --> S(n) absorption (lifetime < or = 0.2 ps). The second feature (lifetime 0.5 +/- 0.2 ps) we tentatively assign to the merocyanine T2 state. After 1 ps both probing methods show biexponential merocyanine formation kinetics, with average time constants of 17 +/- 3 and 350 +/- 20 ps. In the UV/IR experiments, the initial dynamics show more dispersion in formation times than in the UV/vis measurements, whereas the slower time constant is the same in both. A weak transient IR signal at approximately 1360 cm(-1) demonstrates that this biexponentiality is caused by a sequential isomerization between two merocyanine species. Lifetimes provide evidence that the merocyanine S1 state is not involved in the photochemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Holm
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 579, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Nibbering ETJ, Fidder H, Pines E. ULTRAFAST CHEMISTRY: Using Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy for Interrogation of Structural Dynamics. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2005; 56:337-67. [PMID: 15796704 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.56.092503.141314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy elucidates molecular structure evolution during ultrafast chemical reactions. Following vibrational marker modes in real time provides direct insight into the structural dynamics, as is evidenced in studies on intramolecular hydrogen transfer, bimolecular proton transfer, electron transfer, hydrogen bonding during solvation dynamics, bond fission in organometallic compounds and heme proteins, cis-trans isomerization in retinal proteins, and transformations in photochromic switch pairs. Femtosecond IR spectroscopy monitors the site-specific interactions in hydrogen bonds. Conversion between excited electronic states can be followed for intramolecular electron transfer by inspection of the fingerprint IR- or Raman-active vibrations in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. Excess internal vibrational energy, generated either by optical excitation or by internal conversion from the electronic excited state to the ground state, is observable through transient frequency shifts of IR-active vibrations and through nonequilibrium populations as deduced by Raman resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T J Nibbering
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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36
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Guo X, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Yin B, Liu Z, Liu C, Lu Z, Huang Y, Zhu D. 7-Trifluoromethylquinoline-Functionalized Luminescent Photochromic Spiropyran with the Stable Merocyanine Species Both in Solution and in the Solid State. J Org Chem 2004; 69:8924-31. [PMID: 15575775 DOI: 10.1021/jo0487799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new spiropyran (SP2) with the stable merocyanine form (MC2) both in solution and in the solid state at room temperature was designed and synthesized. The stability of MC2 is believed to be due to the electron-withdrawing effect of both the quinoline and the trifluoromethyl groups. (1)H NMR spectra indicate that the ratio of the open form vs the closed form of SP2 is dependent on the polarity of solvents. Single crystals composed of only the open form (MC2) were successfully obtained. X-ray structural analysis indicates that except trifluoromethyl and two methyl groups MC2 is completely planar with an s-trans,s-cis conformation. It should be noted that this is the first report of the X-ray crystal structure of the pure open form of spiropyran. MC2 can be slowly transformed into SP2 at -30 degrees C or lower temperature, and the process is accelerated by visible light irradiation. This special photochromic behavior can be explained by the calculated thermodynamic data. The spectral properties of SP2/MC2 in the presence of different metal ions are also studied, and the results show the potential application of SP2/MC2 in sensing metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Guo
- Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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37
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Solvatokinetic and Solvatochromic Behavior of Bis(indolinobenzospiropyranyl) Sulfide Derivatives in Various Solvents. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2004.25.9.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Sánchez I, Sobrino M, Pujol M. A novel synthesis of spiro[(2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]-dioxane)-5,2′-(2′,3′-dihydroindole)] using SRN1 reaction conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Mark Heron B, D. Gabbutt C, D. Hepworth J, A. Thomas D, Kilner C, M. Partington S. Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of Methoxy Substituted 2,2-Diaryl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyrans. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-03-9956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Rini M, Holm AK, Nibbering ETJ, Fidder H. Ultrafast UV-mid-IR investigation of the ring opening reaction of a photochromic spiropyran. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:3028-34. [PMID: 12617669 DOI: 10.1021/ja028262j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a femtosecond UV-mid-IR pump-probe study of the photochemical ring-opening reaction of the spiropyran 1',3',3',-trimethylspiro-[-2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indoline] (also known as BIPS) in tetrachloroethene, using 70 fs UV excitation pulses and probing with 100 fs mid-IR pulses. The time evolution of the transient IR absorption spectrum was monitored over the first 100 ps after UV excitation. We conclude that the merocyanine product is formed with a 28 ps time constant, contrasting with a 0.9 ps time constant obtained in previous investigations where the rise of absorption bands at visible wavelengths were associated with product formation. We deduce from the observed strong recovery of the spiropyran IR absorption bleaches that, in tetrachloroethene, the main decay channel for the S(1) excited state of the spiropyran BIPS, is internal conversion to the spiropyran S(0) state with a quantum yield of > or = 0.9. This puts an upper limit of 0.1 to the quantum yield of the photochemical ring-opening reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rini
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max Born Strasse 2A, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Brun P, Guglielmetti R, Pèpe G, Anguille S. Spectrokinetic study of a series of photochromic 2-ferrocenyl-2-methyl[2H]-chromenes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Photoreactions of spirophenanthrooxazine dispersed in polystyrene film at room temperature. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Casades I, Alvaro M, García H, Pillai MN. Modified mesoporous MCM-41 as hosts for photochromic spirobenzopyrans. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:219-23. [PMID: 12659520 DOI: 10.1039/b110936g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the chemical composition and silylation of mesoporous MCM-41 materials on the photochromic behaviour of adsorbed spiropyran (BIPS) and 6-nitrospiropyran was studied. Upon incorporation, the spiropyrans underwent ring opening to form either zwitterionic merocyanine or its corresponding O-protonated form. In all silica MCM-41 or in the MCM-41 containing aluminium, the O-protonated merocyanine was predominantly formed. In the case of MCM-41 modified by silylation of the OH groups, a mixture of zwitterionic merocyanine and spiropyran was present. The photochromic response was studied by means of steady-state irradiation and by laser flash photolysis. Steady-state irradiation (lambda > 450 nm) of the solid samples gives rise in all cases to an intensity decrease of the absorption bands corresponding to either the protonated or the unprotonated merocyanine form (reverse photochromism). In contrast, laser flash photolysis at 308 nm of spiropyrans supported on silylated MCM-41 allows observation of the photochemical ring opening of residual spiropyran to the corresponding zwitterionic form (normal photochromism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Casades
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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44
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Hirano M, Osakada K, Nohira H, Miyashita A. Crystal and solution structures of photochromic spirobenzothiopyran. First full characterization of the meta-stable colored species. J Org Chem 2002; 67:533-40. [PMID: 11798328 DOI: 10.1021/jo011011t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Full elucidation for stable, colorless, and meta-stable colored structures of a new spirobenzothiopyran has been achieved both in the solid state and in a solution. 1',3',3'-Trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[(2H)-1-benzothiopyran-2,2'-indoline] with an ester group as a substituent at the 8-position of 1-sp shows photochromism. The blue-green colored species resulted from UV irradiation (365 nm) in one minute and spontaneously bleaches within one minute in acetone and methanol at 27 degrees C. UV exposure (365 nm) of 1-sp in methanol for 3 h at room temperature results in the growth of deep blue needlelike single crystals of the open form of spirobenzothiopyran, photomerocyanine 1-pmc, whose structures in the solid state and in solution were obtained unambiguously. The X-ray structural analysis of 1-pmc revealed the molecular structure of the zwitterionic photomerocyanine with s-trans,s-trans conformation. 1-pmc is soluble to polar solvents and thermally returns to 1-sp. In the DMSO solution, 1-pmc is found to return slowly to 1-sp (1-pmc gave only 18% of 1-sp for 30 min at 22 degrees C). The detailed NMR studies in DMSO-d(6) including COSY and NOE techniques as well as isotope labeling of the compound showed the structure with s-trans,s-cis conformation in a solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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45
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Thermal reactions of spironaphthooxazine dispersed in polystyrene film at low temperatures. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Lee JH, Park ES, Yoon CM. Suzuki coupling reaction of 6-iodo- or 6,8-diiodospiropyran: synthesis of spiropyran analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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48
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Kodama Y, Nakabayashi T, Segawa K, Hattori E, Sakuragi M, Nishi N, Sakuragi H. Time-Resolved Absorption Studies on the Photochromic Process of 2H-Benzopyrans in the Picosecond to Submillisecond Time Domain. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kodama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takakazu Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Katsunori Segawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Emi Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masako Sakuragi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hirochika Sakuragi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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49
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Kaes C, Katz A, Hosseini MW. Bipyridine: the most widely used ligand. A review of molecules comprising at least two 2,2'-bipyridine units. Chem Rev 2000; 100:3553-90. [PMID: 11749322 DOI: 10.1021/cr990376z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Kaes
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique, Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Tamai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Uegahara, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 660-8581, Japan, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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