1
|
Sato S, Hirose M, Tanaka R, Ito H, Tamiaki H. In vitro demetalation of central magnesium in various chlorophyll derivatives using Mg-dechelatase homolog from the chloroflexi Anaerolineae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 160:45-53. [PMID: 38530505 PMCID: PMC11006732 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In the metabolic pathway of chlorophylls (Chls), an enzyme called STAY-GREEN or SGR catalyzes the removal of the central magnesium ion of Chls and their derivatives to their corresponding free bases, including pheophytins. The substrate specificity of SGR has been investigated through in vitro reactions using Chl-related molecules. However, information about the biochemical properties and reaction mechanisms of SGR and its substrate specificity remains elusive. In this study, we synthesized various Chl derivatives and investigated their in vitro dechelations using an SGR enzyme. Chl-a derivatives with the C3-vinyl group on the A-ring, which is commonly found as a substituent in natural substrates, and their analogs with ethyl, hydroxymethyl, formyl, and styryl groups at the C3-position were prepared as substrates. In vitro dechelatase reactions of these substrates were performed using an SGR enzyme derived from an Anaerolineae bacterium, allowing us to investigate their specificity. Reactivity was reduced for substrates with an electron-withdrawing formyl or sterically demanding styryl group at the C3-position. Furthermore, the Chl derivative with the C8-styryl group on the B-ring was less reactive for SGR dechelation than the C3-styryl substrate. These results indicate that the SGR enzyme recognizes substituents on the B-ring of substrates more than those on the A-ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hirose
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Department of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ito
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alotaiby S, Zhao X, Boesch C, Sergeeva NN. Sustainable approach towards isolation of photosynthetic pigments from Spirulina and the assessment of their prooxidant and antioxidant properties. Food Chem 2024; 436:137653. [PMID: 37832415 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids, chlorophyll and phycocyanin are three types of photosynthetic pigments found in Spirulina that differ in colour, composition, stability, solubility, and commercial importance. Such diversity of structures creates a challenge to extract these pigments simultaneously from the same batch of raw material in an efficient and sustainable manner. This study demonstrates that water can be successfully used as a single solvent together with combined (non)mechanical cell membrane disruption techniques (ultrasonication, centrifugation, freezing/thawing cycle) to extract these photosynthetic pigments from the same batch. This water-based approach delivers a significant improvement in isolating green pigments, which are often overlooked during extraction due to a preference for blue and yellow pigments. Chlorophyll was quantitatively converted to its stable derivatives to carry out a comparative analysis of antioxidant properties (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP), singlet oxygen production and intracellular activities (MTT, ROS assays) using Caco-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shorog Alotaiby
- School of Design, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao Zhao
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; School of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia N Sergeeva
- School of Design, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; The Leeds Institute of Textile and Colour, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yasui M, Tamiaki H. Supramolecular chirality in self-assembly of zinc protobacteriochlorophyll-d analogs possessing enantiomeric esterifying groups. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:421-434. [PMID: 38265754 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Zinc 3-hydroxymethyl-pyroprotopheophorbides-a esterified with a chiral secondary alcohol at the 17-propionate residue were prepared as bacteriochlorophyll-d analogs. The synthetic zinc 31-hydroxy-131-oxo-porphyrins self-aggregated in an aqueous Triton X-100 micellar solution to give red-shifted and broadened Soret and Qy absorption bands in comparison with their monomeric bands. The intense, exciton-coupled circular dichroism spectra of their self-aggregates were dependent on the chirality of the esterifying groups. The observation indicated that the self-aggregates based on the J-type stacking of the porphyrin cores were sensitive to the peripheral 17-propionate residues. The supramolecular structures of the present J-aggregates as models of bacteriochlorophyll aggregates in natural chlorosomes were remotely regulated by the esterifying groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Yasui
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vicente MDGH, Smith KM. Amino Acid Derivatives of Chlorin-e 6-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083479. [PMID: 37110713 PMCID: PMC10146174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Details of the structural elucidation of the clinically useful photodynamic therapy sensitizer NPe6 (15) are presented. NPe6, also designated as Laserphyrin, Talaporfin, and LS-11, is a second-generation photosensitizer derived from chlorophyll-a, currently used in Japan for the treatment of human lung, esophageal, and brain cancers. After the initial misidentification of the structure of this chlorin-e6 aspartic acid conjugate as (13), NMR and other synthetic procedures described herein arrived at the correct structure (15), confirmed using single crystal X-ray crystallography. Interesting new features of chlorin-e6 chemistry (including the intramolecular formation of an anhydride (24)) are reported, allowing chemists to regioselectively conjugate amino acids to each available carboxylic acid on positions 131 (formic), 152 (acetic), and 173 (propionic) of chlorin e6 (14). Cellular investigations of several amino acid conjugates of chlorin-e6 revealed that the 131-aspartylchlorin-e6 derivative is more phototoxic than its 152- and 173-regioisomers, in part due to its nearly linear molecular conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hirose M, Tsukatani Y, Harada J, Tamiaki H. In vitro reversible dehydration in C3-substituents of zinc chlorophyll analogs by BchF and BchV enzymes: Stereoselectivity and substrate specificity in the dehydration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148959. [PMID: 36822492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.148959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
In the biosynthetic pathway of bacteriochlorophyll(BChl)-a/b/c/d/e molecules, BchF and BchV enzymes catalyze the hydration of a C3-vinyl to C3-1-hydroxyethyl group. In this study, the in vitro reactions catalyzed by BchF and BchV partially afforded a C31-epimeric mixture of the hydrated products (secondary alcohols), with the primary recovery of the C3-vinylated substrate. The stereoselectivity and substrate specificity for the in vitro reverse enzymatic dehydration were examined using zinc chlorophyll analogs as model substrates by BchF and BchV, which were obtained from extracts of Escherichia coli overexpressing the respective genes from Chlorobaculum tepidum and used without further purification. Both BchF and BchV preferred dehydration of the (31R)-epimers over the (31S)-epimers. The (31R)-epimer was directly dehydrated by BchF and BchV to give the C3-vinylated product. By contrast, two reaction pathways for BchF and BchV dehydrations of the (31S)-epimer were proposed: (1) the (31S)-epimer would be directly dehydrated to C3-vinyl group. (2) the (31S)-epimer would be epimerized to the (31R)-epimer, and the resulting epimer was dehydrated. The results indicated that both BchF and BchV did function as a hydratase/dehydratase and could play a role in the C31-epimerization. An increase in the alkyl size at the C8-position gradually suppressed the BchF and BchV-catalyzed dehydration in vitro, while the C121- and C20-methylation only slightly affected the reaction. Using the BchF dehydration, a large amount of 3-vinyl-bacteriochlorophyllide-a was successfully prepared, with the retention of the chemically labile, central magnesium atom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Hirose
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsukatani
- Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Jiro Harada
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oyagi K, Ogasawara S, Tamiaki H. Linker-length dependent intra/intermolecular coordination of synthetic zinc chlorophyll-a derivatives bearing a pyridine terminal in the C132-substituent. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
|
7
|
Bioactive Natural Pigments' Extraction, Isolation, and Stability in Food Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031200. [PMID: 36770869 PMCID: PMC9920834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Color in food has multiple effects on consumers, since this parameter is related to the quality of a product, its freshness, and even its nutrient content. Each food has a characteristic color; however, this can be affected by the technological treatments that are applied during its manufacturing process, as well as its storage. Therefore, the development of new food products should take into account consumer preferences, the physical properties of a product, food safety standards, the economy, and applications of technology. With all of this, the use of food additives, such as dyes, is increasingly important due to the interest in the natural coloring of foods, strict regulatory pressure, problems with the toxicity of synthetic food colors, and the need for globally approved colors, in addition to current food market trends that focus on the consumption of healthy, organic, and natural products. It is for this reason that there is a growing demand for natural pigments that drives the food industry to seek or improve extraction techniques, as well as to study different stability processes, considering their interactions with the food matrix, in order to meet the needs and expectations of consumers.
Collapse
|
8
|
Oyagi K, Ogasawara S, Tamiaki H. Intramolecular axial α/β-coordination of the 13 2-terminal pyridyl group to the central zinc atom in chlorophyll- a derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6339-6350. [PMID: 35815555 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00903j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll(Chl)-a derivatives possessing a zinc center and a C132-alkanoate residue with a terminal pyridyl group were synthesized. Their C132-epimerically pure products were isolated by preparative reverse phase HPLC. The C132-stereochemistry resulted in two directed terminal pyridinyl groups that coordinate with the central zinc atom in each stereoisomeric molecule: α/β-intramolecular axial coordination. The asymmetric axial coordinations mimic the immobilization manner of Chl-a in photosynthetically active proteins. The diastereomerically dependent conformers in solution were characterized by 1D/2D NMR, UV-visible absorption, and fluorescence emission as well as circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The 1H NMR and DOSY spectra revealed that the stereoselectively intramolecular coordination occurred in less coordinative deuterated chloroform, whereas a highly coordinative deuterated pyridine molecule replaced the terminal pyridine moiety as the axial ligand to form a mixture of α/β-coordinated species. Their optical spectra in pyridine were nearly independent of the C132-stereochemistry and the linkers in the C132-substituents. The CD bands of β-coordinated species in chloroform were more intense than those of the corresponding α-coordinated stereoisomers, indicating that the former had a larger distortion of the chlorin π-plane than the latter. Therefore, the α-coordinated Chl complex is more conformationally stable than the β-complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kagari Oyagi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang S, Yang Y, Chen J, Liu L, Cao Z, Xie S. A new species of beaded lacewings (Neuroptera, Berothidae) from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Zookeys 2022; 1092:93-104. [PMID: 35586296 PMCID: PMC9005459 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1092.79396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of Berothidae, Jersiberotha musivum sp. nov., is described and illustrated from mid-Cretaceous (lowest Cenomanian) Myanmar amber. It is easily distinguished from other species of Berothidae by the configuration of the wing venation including: forewing with distinct areas of infuscation surrounding cross-veins and vein forks, all cross-veins simple prior to ScP-RA fusion, presence of two cross-veins ra-rp; absence of inner or outer graduate series of cross-veins; RP with three branches; and absence of ma-mp cross-veins and cua-cup cross-veins; while hind wing has cross-vein 1r-m absent. The previous diagnoses of Iceloberotha Grimaldi, 2000 and Jersiberotha Grimaldi, 2000 are quite unclear because some characters occur mosaically in both genera. In order to solve this problem and distinguish J. musivum from other species in the family, a new key to species of Berothidae from Myanmar amber has been provided and the diagnoses of Iceloberotha and Jersiberotha have been revised.
Collapse
|
10
|
Takeda T, Kitagawa Y, Tamiaki H. Substituted Methylenation at the 13 2 -Position of a Chlorophyll-a Derivative via Mixed Aldol Condensation, Optical Properties of the Synthetic Bacteriochlorophyll-d Analogs, and Self-aggregation of Their Zinc Complexes. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1059-1067. [PMID: 35119101 DOI: 10.1111/php.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll-a derivatives possessing a substituted methylene group at the 132 -position were prepared by the mixed aldol condensation of methyl 3-hydroxymethyl-pyropheophorbide-a with aldehydes bearing a methyl, p-nitro/cyanophenyl, or pentafluorophenyl group. Their electronic absorption spectra were dependent on the substituents at the methylene terminal. The Soret bands were broadened with increasing the group electronegativity of the substituents, which was ascribable to the charge transfer from the core chlorin to the peripheral substituent in a molecule. Although their Qy absorption and fluorescence emission bands resembled each other, the emission intensities decreased with an increase in the electronegativity because of the intramolecular electron transfer quenching. Some of their zinc complexes self-aggregated in a less polar organic solvent to give red-shifted and broadened absorption bands with intense circular dichroism couplets, which were similar to those of bacteriochlorophyll-c/d aggregates in natural chlorosomes as the main light-harvesting antennas of green photosynthetic bacteria and their models. The J-aggregation was suppressed with an enhancement in the size of the 132 -substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toyoho Takeda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Versace DL, Breloy L, Brezova V, Abbad Andalloussi S, Malval JP, Richeter S, Clément S. Bio-based porphyrins pyropheophorbide a and its Zn-complex as performing visible-light photosensitizers for free-radical photopolymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01714d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chlorophyll a derivative, namely pyropheophorbide a (Pyro), and the corresponding zinc (II) complex (Zn-Pyro) were used for the first time as performing visible-light photosensitizers (PS) for free-radical photopolymerization (FRP)...
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao N, Chu X, Liu Y, Li J, Wang J. Regio- and Stereoselective Aryl(aroyl)methylenenation of Pyropheophorbide and Syntheses of Chlorophyllous Chlorin Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Kinoshita Y, Demise A, Ishikawa H, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of 132,173-cyclopheophorbides and their optical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
14
|
Sakaguchi K, Kishi M, Kinoshita Y, Tamiaki H. Self-aggregation of synthetic zinc 3-hydroxymethyl-chlorophyll-a derivatives possessing electron-withdrawing groups at the 20-position in aqueous micelle solution. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621501017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc methyl 3-hydroxymethyl-pyropheophorbides-[Formula: see text] bearing an acetyl or nitro group at the 20-position were prepared by chemically modifying natural chlorophyll-[Formula: see text]. The synthetic zinc 20-substituted bacteriochlorophyll-[Formula: see text] analogs self-aggregated in an aqueous Triton X-100 micelle solution to give red-shifted and broadened electronic absorption bands, similarly as in one of the photosynthetic light-harvesting antennas, chlorosomes. Although the sterically bulky 20-substituents of the semisynthetic zinc 31-hydroxy-131-oxo-chlorins partially disturbed the chlorosomal self-aggregates which would be produced by the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] stacking of the chlorin chromophores, their electron-withdrawing abilities should enhance the specific, intermolecular interaction of Zn[Formula: see text]O32–H[Formula: see text]O=C-13 which was essential for the chlorosomal self-aggregation. Such self-assemblies using these model pigments would provide a new clue for constructing of artificial photosynthetic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masashi Kishi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee TH, Liu Y, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Song HH, Shim YK, Lee WK, Yoon I. Mitochondrial Targeting Cationic Purpurinimide–Polyoxometalate Supramolecular Complexes for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy with Reduced Dark Toxicity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Heon Lee
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeob Lee
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ho Song
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Key Shim
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Lee
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yoon
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Synthesis of 20-substituted chlorophyll derivatives with F-ring and optical properties of their less distorted chlorin π-systems. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Hirose M, Harada J, Tamiaki H. Detection of 13 2-carboxy-chlorin produced by the in vitro BciC enzymatic hydrolysis of zinc chlorophyllide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127931. [PMID: 33705911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Green photosynthetic bacteria with an efficient light-harvesting system contain special chlorophyll molecules, called bacteriochlorophylls c, d, e, in their main antennae. In the biosynthetic pathway, a BciC enzyme is proposed to catalyze the hydrolysis of the C132-methoxycarbonyl group of chlorophyllide a, but the resulting C132-carboxy group has not been detected yet because it is spontaneously removed due to the instability of the β-keto-carboxylic acid. In this study, the in vitro BciC enzymatic reactions of zinc methyl (131R/S)-hydroxy-mesochlorophyllides a were examined and a carboxylic acid possessing the C132S-OH was first observed as the hydrolyzed product of the C132-COOCH3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Hirose
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Jiro Harada
- Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hirose M, Harada J, Maeda H, Tamiaki H. Physicochemical and biochemical properties of synthetic zinc 131-(un)substituted chlorophyll-a derivatives. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Cheruku RR, Tracy EC, Tabaczynski W, Missert JR, Baumann H, Pandey RK. Chiral Alkyl Groups at Position 3(1') of Pyropheophorbide-a Specify Uptake and Retention by Tumor Cells and Are Essential for Effective Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4787-4809. [PMID: 33822622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the importance of the chirality and precise structure at position 3(1') of pyropheophorbide-a for tumor cell specificity and photodynamic therapy (PDT), a series of photosensitizers (PSs) was synthesized: (a) with and without chirality at position 3(1'), (b) alkyl ether chain with a variable number of chiral centers, (c) hexyl ether versus thioether side chain, and (d) methyl ester versus carboxylic acid group at position 172. The cellular uptake and specificity were defined in human lung and head/neck cancer cells. PSs without a chiral center and with an alkyl chain or thioether functionalities showed limited uptake and PDT efficacy. Replacing the methyl group at the chiral center with a propyl group or introducing an additional chiral center improved cellular retention and tumor cell specificity. Replacing the carboxylic acid with methyl ester at position 172 lowered cellular uptake and PDT efficacy. A direct correlation between the PS uptake in vitro and in vivo was identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra R Cheruku
- PDT Center and Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Erin C Tracy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Walter Tabaczynski
- PDT Center and Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Joseph R Missert
- PDT Center and Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- PDT Center and Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ogasawara S, Nakano K, Tamiaki H. Site-selective C20-fluorinations of chlorophyll-a derivatives using N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide and their optical properties. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
21
|
Supramolecular chlorophyll aggregates inspired from specific light-harvesting antenna “chlorosome”: Static nanostructure, dynamic construction process, and versatile application. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
22
|
Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Absorption and Fluorescence Spectral Database of Chlorophylls and Analogues. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:136-165. [PMID: 32757305 DOI: 10.1111/php.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra are essential for use across the photosciences, yet such spectra along with the all-important values for molar absorption coefficient (ε) and fluorescence quantum yield (Φf ) often are found with great difficulty. Here, a literature survey concerning the vital class of chlorophyll compounds has led to identification of spectra for 150 members. Spectra in print form have been digitized (with baseline corrections) and assembled into a database along with literature references, solvent identity and values for ε and Φf (where available). The database encompasses photosynthetic tetrapyrroles wherein the chromophore is a porphyrin (e.g. chlorophyll c1 , protochlorophyll a), chlorin (e.g. chlorophyll a, bacteriochlorophyll c) or bacteriochlorin (e.g. bacteriochlorophyll a). Altogether, the database contains 305 absorption spectra (from 19 porphyrins, 109 chlorins and 22 bacteriochlorins) and 72 fluorescence spectra (from 10 porphyrins, 30 chlorins and 4 bacteriochlorins). The spectral database should facilitate comparisons and quantitative calculations. All spectra are available in print form in the Supporting Information. The entire database in digital form is available with the PhotochemCAD program for free downloading and further use at http://www.photochemcad.com.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ayaz F, Demirbag B, Ocakoglu K. Immunoactive photosensitizers had photodynamic immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects on mammalian macrophages. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102034. [PMID: 33017658 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic compounds have great potential in biological applications. Their controlled and localized activation with specific wavelength of light provides opportunities to potentially evade the side effects of today's cancer therapies. Biologically compatible photosensitizers can be used in therapy against cancer, infections as well as inflammatory and immune disorders. In this study, we examined chlorophyll derivatives for anti-microbial, immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory activities. Under dark conditions, these chlorophyll derivatives had strong anti-microbial activities on gram positive S.aureus and gram negative E.coli. Photo activation of the chlorophyll derivatives did not alter their anti-microbial activities on gram negative or gram positive bacteria. In order to examine how these anti-microbial chlorophyll derivatives might effect immune reaction of macrophages, they were tested on mammalian macrophages. They had immunostimulatory activities on them in the dark conditions since they led to increased TNF and IL6 cytokine production even in the absence of stimulants lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Photo-activation of the compounds led to decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF and IL6, production by LPS or LTA activated macrophages. Therefore, these molecules can be used to regulate the immune response in the patients with bacterial infection while leading to death of bacteria. Light induced activation of the compounds could enable localized and controlled activation of their anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin, 33110, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Demirbag
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin, 33110, Turkey
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, 33400, Tarsus, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Synthesis of Fluorinated Chlorophylls‐
a
and Their Bio/Physico‐Chemical Properties. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
25
|
Shinozaki Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Tamiaki H. A Synthetic Chlorophyll Dimer Appending Fullerene: Effect of Chlorophyll Pairing on (Photo)redox Properties. Chemistry 2020; 26:8897-8906. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Life SciencesRitsumeikan University Noji-higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University Gakuen 2-1 Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University Gakuen 2-1 Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life SciencesRitsumeikan University Noji-higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Takeda T, Katayama A, Kinoshita Y, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of zinc 13-oxime-functionalized chlorophyll-a derivatives and their (131E/Z)-dependent self-aggregation. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Hirose M, Teramura M, Harada J, Tamiaki H. BciC-Catalyzed C13 2 -Demethoxycarbonylation of Metal Pheophorbide a Alkyl Esters. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1473-1480. [PMID: 31900999 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriochlorophyll c molecules self-aggregate to form large oligomers in the core part of chlorosomes, which are the main light-harvesting antenna systems of green photosynthetic bacteria. In the biosynthetic pathway of bacteriochlorophyll c, a BciC enzyme catalyzes the removal of the C132 -methoxycarbonyl group of chlorophyllide a, which possesses a free propionate residue at the C17-position and a magnesium ion as the central metal. The in vitro C132 -demethoxycarbonylations of chlorophyll a derivatives with various alkyl propionate residues and central metals were examined by using the BciC enzyme derived from one green sulfur bacteria species, Chlorobaculum tepidum. The BciC enzymatic reactions of zinc pheophorbide a alkyl esters were gradually suppressed with an increase of the alkyl chain length in the C17-propionate residue (from methyl to pentyl esters) and finally the hexyl ester became inactive for the BciC reaction. Although not only the zinc but also nickel and copper complexes were demethoxycarbonylated by the BciC enzyme, the reactions were largely dependent on the coordination ability of the central metals: Zn>Ni>Cu. The above substrate specificity indicates that the BciC enzyme would not bind directly to the carboxy group of chlorophyllide a, but would bind to its central magnesium to form the stereospecific complex of BciC with chlorophyllide a, giving pyrochlorophyllide a, which lacks the (132 R)-methoxycarbonyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Hirose
- Graduated School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Misato Teramura
- Graduated School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Jiro Harada
- Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduated School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Photodynamic performance of amphiphilic chlorin e6 derivatives with appropriate properties: A comparison between different-type liposomes as delivery systems. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101799. [PMID: 32380255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many aspects are currently being investigated, with the aim of improving the application of PDT in the clinic by rendering it more effective. One of the current trends focuses on the use of nanocarriers. The aim of this study is to describe novel photosensitizers among polyol amide chlorin e6 derivatives for photodynamic therapy (PDT) using liposomes. METHODS In addition to their intracellular localization and antiproliferative activity against HCT116 cells, appropriate photophysical features have been determined (especially high 1O2 quantum yield production). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that the compounds entered the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, mitochondria and partially the cytoplasm. All of the chlorins showed no dark cytotoxicity; however, high phototoxicity was observed. Using optical and electron microscopy, we investigated the impact of chlorin-based PDT upon cell damage leading to cell death. Chl ara 3 was identified as the most promising compound among polyol amide chlorin e6 derivatives and improved phototoxicity was observed as compared with a clinically approved temoporfin. Our results indicate that newly-synthesized chlorins seem to be promising candidates for PDT application, and two of them (chl ara 3 and chl mme 2) may create promising new drugs, both in the form of a free compound and as a liposomal formulation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Nakano T, Tamiaki H. Synthesis and Self‐Aggregation of Chlorophyll‐
a
Derivatives with Ethynylene and Phenylene Groups Inserted Between the Hydroxymethyl Group and the Chlorin π‐Skeleton. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakano
- Graduate School of Life SciencesRitsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life SciencesRitsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Takahashi T, Ogasawara S, Shinozaki Y, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of Cationic Pyridinium–Chlorin Conjugates with Various Counter Anions and Effects of the Anions on Their Photophysical Properties. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu H, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Wang X, Lee WK, Shim YK, Yoon I, Xu X, Li J. Efficient Synthesis of Long‐wavelength Absorbing Cyanochlorophyll
a
Derivatives via Stereoselective Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Reaction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Xiangmin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and EngineeringInje University Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Woo Kyoung Lee
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and EngineeringInje University Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Key Shim
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and EngineeringInje University Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yoon
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and EngineeringInje University Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Xinming Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou J, Gao ZJ, Cai JQ, Li LL, Wang H. Synthesis and Self-Assembly Behavior of Chlorophyll Derivatives for Ratiometric Photoacoustic Signal Optimization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1559-1568. [PMID: 32030985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly provides researchers powerful tools for creating ordered functional structures and complex architectures. Investigation of in vivo self-assembly reveals the assembly/aggregation-induced retention (AIR) effect and enhanced targeting effect, which can be applied to promising biomedical applications by enhancing molecular accumulation in the target region. These unique bioeffects inspire the interest of researchers in construction of self-assembled nanomaterials in biological systems. Although many efforts have been achieved, the in-depth analysis of the relationship between assemblies and functions is rarely reported. Here, we focus on the relationship of chlorophyll-derivative assemblies and their photoacoustic signals and attempt to establish a method for monitoring the aggregation efficiency in vivo based on photoacoustic signals. Three arginine-rich peptide-purpurin molecules were designed and synthesized. The assembled capabilities and assembly processes of these molecules were characterized and monitored by UV, fluorescence, and CD spectra images of gradually changing polarities in mixed solvents, and the morphologies of the assemblies were observed by TEM. Furthermore, the relationship between the aggregation ratios of the molecules and the ratiometric photoacoustic signals was systemically studied. We prospect that the fundamental research in revealing objective laws will be useful for future guidance in optimizing photoacoustic detection windows and assembled molecule design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Zi-Jun Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Jun-Quan Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Synthesis of tin(IV) complexes of chlorophyll-a derivatives with two halides as axial ligands and their optical properties in solution. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.130948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Chevrier M, Fattori A, Lasser L, Kotras C, Rose C, Cangiotti M, Beljonne D, Mehdi A, Surin M, Lazzaroni R, Dubois P, Ottaviani MF, Richeter S, Bouclé J, Clément S. In Depth Analysis of Photovoltaic Performance of Chlorophyll Derivative-Based "All Solid-State" Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E198. [PMID: 31947792 PMCID: PMC6983229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll a derivatives were integrated in "all solid-state" dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with a mesoporous TiO2 electrode and 2',2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene as the hole-transport material. Despite modest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) between 0.26% and 0.55% achieved for these chlorin dyes, a systematic investigation was carried out in order to elucidate their main limitations. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the parameters (structure, nature of the anchoring group, adsorption …) and their relationship with the PCEs, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, optical and photovoltaic studies and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis exploiting the 4-carboxy-TEMPO spin probe were combined. The recombination kinetics, the frontier molecular orbitals of these DSSCs and the adsorption efficiency onto the TiO2 surface were found to be the key parameters that govern their photovoltaic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Chevrier
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CC1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (C.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
- Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites (SMPC), Centre d’Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux et Polymères (CIRMAP), Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Alberto Fattori
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (A.F.); (M.C.); (M.F.O.)
| | - Laurent Lasser
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, CIRMAP, University of Mons UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (L.L.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Clément Kotras
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CC1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (C.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, CIRMAP, University of Mons UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (L.L.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Clémence Rose
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CC1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (C.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Michela Cangiotti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (A.F.); (M.C.); (M.F.O.)
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, CIRMAP, University of Mons UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (L.L.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CC1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (C.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, CIRMAP, University of Mons UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (L.L.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, CIRMAP, University of Mons UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (L.L.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites (SMPC), Centre d’Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux et Polymères (CIRMAP), Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Maria Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (A.F.); (M.C.); (M.F.O.)
| | - Sébastien Richeter
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CC1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (C.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Johann Bouclé
- CNRS, Univ. Limoges, XLIM, UMR 7252, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Sébastien Clément
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CC1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (C.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nakano T, Tamiaki H. Palladium-Catalyzed Acylation of Terminal Alkynes toward 3-Ynone-Linked Chlorophyll- a Derivatives and Their Optical Properties. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16116-16123. [PMID: 31714080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed acylation reactions of terminal 3-ethynyl moieties of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) derivatives are described herein. Both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides were valuable reagents for the coupling, resulting in the formation of π-conjugation extended Chl-a derivatives possessing a carbonyl-ethynyl group at the C3-position. The ultraviolet-visible absorption and fluorescence emission data were obtained in solution to evaluate the optical properties of the 3-ynone-linked Chl-a derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences , Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu , Shiga 525-8577 , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences , Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu , Shiga 525-8577 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ogasawara S, Egami Y, Hirose M, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of chlorophyll-a homologs by C13 2-substitutions and their physico- and biochemical properties. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103383. [PMID: 31699394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of pheophytins-a/a', metal-free forms of photosynthetically active chlorophyll(Chl)s-a/a' bearing the 132-methoxycarbonyl group, was substituted at the C132-position by bimolecular nucleophilic substitution with methyl bromoacetate or Michael addition with methyl acrylate, followed by C132-demethoxycarbonylation and magnesium insertion at the central position, to afford Chl-a/a' homologs possessing a methoxycarbonylmethyl or 2-methoxycarbonylethyl group at the C132-position, respectively. These C132-methylene- and ethylene-inserted homologs were characterized by 1D/2D 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the optical properties of their C132-epimerically pure samples are investigated using visible absorption, fluorescence emission, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. The stereochemistry at the C132-chiral center of these Chl-a/a' homologs was not inverted in a basic solution, and the Chl-a homologs were effective for the substrates for the chlorophyllase reaction, hydrolysis of the phytyl ester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Egami
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hirose
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Takahashi T, Ogasawara S, Shinozaki Y, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of Cationic Pyridinium-(Bacterio)Chlorophyll Conjugates Bearing a Bacteriochlorin, Chlorin, or Porphyrin π-Skeleton and their Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Doi M, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of a chlorophyll-a derivative fused with an additional exo-five-membered ring and its optical properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
39
|
Yang Q, Shi C, Ren D. A new genus and species of berothids (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Late Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Zookeys 2019; 864:99-109. [PMID: 31367178 PMCID: PMC6658572 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.864.35271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A new genus and species of Berothidae is described from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Myanmar amber. Ansoberothajiewenae gen. et sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other berothid genera by the long antenna, the scape with ca. 100 flagellomeres, the forewing with four ra-rp, MPand CuA are pectinately branched, and the hind wing with one oblique cua-cup between CuA stem and the distal branch of CuP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, #230 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaofan Shi
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, ChinaCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Takahashi T, Ogasawara S, Echizen S, Shinozaki Y, Tamiaki H. C3 1-Selective substitution of cationic N-heteroaromatic groups into a 3-vinylated chlorophyll-a derivative. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5490-5495. [PMID: 30869105 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A variety of N-containing heteroarenes were site-selectively introduced at the C31-position of a chlorophyll-a derivative possessing a 3-vinyl group through a C-N+ bond via oxidative reactions using iodine in the presence of a silver(i) salt. Electron-rich N-heteroarenes were effectively substituted, while electron-withdrawing or bulky nitrogen-neighboring substituents suppressed the reactivities. The cationic products formed were characterized by 1D/2D NMR, and their optical properties were also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ogasawara S, Tamiaki H. The Primary Formation of a Cationic C10-Pyridinio-Chlorophyll-a Derivative by Chemical/Electrochemical Oxidation and the Physico-Chemical Properties of Regioisomeric meso-Adducts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ohashi K, Kinoshita Y, Tamiaki H. Syntheses of Chalcone-Type Chlorophyll Derivatives Possessing a Bacteriochlorin, Chlorin or Porphyrin π-System and Their Optical Properties. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:755-761. [PMID: 30378689 DOI: 10.1111/php.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
C3-(Trans-2-arylethenyl)carbonylated chlorophyll derivatives possessing a bacteriochlorin or chlorin π-system were synthesized by cross-aldol (Claisen-Schmidt) condensation of methyl pyrobacteriopheophorbide-a or 3-acetyl-3-devinyl-pyropheophorbide-a bearing the C3-acetyl group with p-(un)substituted benzaldehydes under basic conditions. The corresponding porphyrin-type chlorophyll derivatives were prepared by the oxidation (17,18-didehydrogenation) of the chlorin-type. Their Qy absorption and fluorescence emission maxima in dichloromethane correlated well with Hammett substituent constants of the p-substituents. Several electron-withdrawing p-substituents suppressed the emission due to photoinduced electron transfer quenching in a molecule. The substitution sensitivities for their maxima and fluorescence quantum yields decreased in the order of bacteriochlorin-, chlorin- and porphyrin-type derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Ohashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Synthesis of carboxylated chlorophyll derivatives and their activities in dye-sensitized solar cells. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Liu Y, Wu H, Zhang X, Pan Q, Wang X, Peng W, Yin J, Li G, Li J, Wang J. Regioselective reactions of methyl pyropheophorbide a with formaldehyde based on hydroxymethylation. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Chang JE, Liu Y, Lee TH, Lee WK, Yoon I, Kim K. Tumor Size-Dependent Anticancer Efficacy of Chlorin Derivatives for Photodynamic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061596. [PMID: 29844257 PMCID: PMC6032057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a suitable photosensitizer molecule is a promising anticancer treatment. We evaluated two chlorin molecules as potential photosensitizers, methyl pyropheophorbide a (MPPa) and N-methoxyl purpurinimide (NMPi), against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro as well as in A549 tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Cell viability, microscopy, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses were performed for the in vitro studies. MPPa and NMPi showed high phototoxicity in vitro, which was dependent on the concentration of the photosensitizers as well as the light irradiation time. In the animal study, tumor volume change, tumor surface alterations, and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferse-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining analyses were performed and compared between small (tumor volume of <50 mm3) and large (tumor volume of >50 mm3) size of initial tumors. MPPa and NMPi showed high anticancer efficacy against small-size tumors, indicating that early treatment with PDT is effective. Especially, repeated two times PDT with NMPi allowed almost complete eradication against small-size tumors. However, MPPa and NMPi were not effective against large-size tumors. In conclusion, the two chlorin derivatives, MPPa and NMPi, show good anticancer efficacy as promising photosensitizers for PDT in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, their activity in vivo was significantly dependent on the initial tumor size in mice, which confirms the importance of early cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Chang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea.
| | - Yang Liu
- Nano Manufacturing Institute, School of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Tae Heon Lee
- Nano Manufacturing Institute, School of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Woo Kyoung Lee
- Nano Manufacturing Institute, School of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Il Yoon
- Nano Manufacturing Institute, School of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Kwhanmien Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
In vivo and in vitro preparation of divinyl-132,173-cyclopheophorbide-a enol. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1090-1092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
47
|
20-(N-Methylpyridiniumyl)ethynylated chlorophyll-a derivative with an intense Qx absorption band at a green to orange region. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
48
|
Khadria A, de Coene Y, Gawel P, Roche C, Clays K, Anderson HL. Push-pull pyropheophorbides for nonlinear optical imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:947-956. [PMID: 28054076 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02319c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (PPa-OMe) has been modified by attaching electron-donor and -acceptor groups to alter its linear and nonlinear optical properties. Regioselective bromination of the terminal vinyl position and Suzuki coupling were used to attach a 4-(N,N-diethylaminophenyl) electron-donor group. The electron-acceptor dicyanomethylene was attached at the cyclic ketone position through a Knoevenagel condensation. Four different derivatives of PPa-OMe, containing either electron-donor or electron-acceptor groups, or both, were converted to hydrophilic bis-TEG amides to generate a series of amphiphilic dyes. The absorption and emission properties of all the dyes were compared to a previously reported push-pull type porphyrin-based dye and a commercial push-pull styryl dye, FM4-64. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the electron donor group causes a greater decrease in HOMO-LUMO gap than the electron-acceptor. TD-DFT calculations on optimized geometries (DFT) of all four dyes show that the HOMO is mostly localized on the donor, 4-(N,N-diethylaminophenyl), while the LUMO is distributed around the chlorin ring and the electron-acceptor. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering experiments show that the first-order hyperpolarizabilities of the dyes increase on attaching either electron-donor or -acceptor groups, having the highest value when both the donor and acceptor groups are attached. Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) images of the bis-TEG amide attached dyes in lipid monolayer-coated droplets of water-in-oil reveal that the TPEF and SHG involve transition dipole moments in different orientations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjul Khadria
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Yovan de Coene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Przemyslaw Gawel
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Cécile Roche
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Database of Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of >300 Common Compounds for use in Photochem
CAD. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:290-327. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
50
|
Synthesis of 7-substituted chlorophyll- a derivatives as chlorophyll- b analogs with specific visible absorption bands. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|