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Metallocene and other transition metal derivatives of phosphazene oligomers and polymers: A retrospective summary. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gorlov M, Bredov N, Esin A, Sirotin I, Soldatov M, Oberemok V, Kireev VV. Novel Approach for the Synthesis of Chlorophosphazene Cycles with a Defined Size via Controlled Cyclization of Linear Oligodichlorophosphazenes [Cl(PCl 2=N) n-PCl 3] +[PCl 6] . Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115958. [PMID: 34073083 PMCID: PMC8199110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a significant number of investigations in the field of phosphazene chemistry, the formation mechanism of this class of cyclic compounds is still poorly studied. At the same time, a thorough understanding of this process is necessary, both for the direct production of phosphazene rings of a given size and for the controlled cyclization reaction when it is secondary and undesirable. We synthesized a series of short linear phosphazene oligomers with the general formula Cl[PCl2=N]n–PCl3+PCl6– and studied their tendency to form cyclic structures under the influence of elevated temperatures or in the presence of nitrogen-containing agents, such as hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) or ammonium chloride. It was established that linear oligophosphazenes are inert when heated in the absence of the mentioned cyclization agents, and the formation of cyclic products occurs only when these agents are involved in the process. The ability to obtain the desired size phosphazene cycle from corresponding linear chains is shown for the first time. Known obstacles, such as side interaction with the PCl6– counterion and a tendency of longer chains to undergo crosslinking elongation instead of cyclization are still relevant, and ways to overcome them are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Gorlov
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (M.G.); (N.B.); (A.E.); (I.S.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Nikolay Bredov
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (M.G.); (N.B.); (A.E.); (I.S.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Andrey Esin
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (M.G.); (N.B.); (A.E.); (I.S.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Igor Sirotin
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (M.G.); (N.B.); (A.E.); (I.S.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Mikhail Soldatov
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (M.G.); (N.B.); (A.E.); (I.S.); (V.V.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Volodymyr Oberemok
- Taurida Academy, Department of Biochemistry, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Prospekt Akademika Vernadskogo 4, 295007 Simferopol, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav V. Kireev
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (M.G.); (N.B.); (A.E.); (I.S.); (V.V.K.)
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Abstract
Although the best-known examples of synthetic polymers are derived from carbon-based monomers, there exists another large and growing family of macromolecules based on the chemistry of phosphorus. These are the poly(organophosphazenes): polymers with a backbone of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms and with two organic side groups attached to each phosphorus. The methods of synthesis of these polymers allow access to property combinations not found in all-organic counterparts, and this provides pathways to new materials that are important in biomedical research, energy generation and storage, aerospace materials, and numerous other specialized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Allcock HR. The Background and Scope of Polyphosphazenes as Biomedical Materials. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The wide variety of accessible poly(organophosphazenes) is a consequence of the unusual macromolecular substitution approach to their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R. Allcock
- The Pennsylvania State University
- Department of Chemistry
- University Park
- USA
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Akram M, Wang L, Yu H, Amer WA, Khalid H, Abbasi NM, Chen Y, Zain-ul-Abdin, Saleem M, Tong R. Polyphophazenes as anti-cancer drug carriers: From synthesis to application. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Teasdale I, Brüggemann O. Polyphosphazenes: Multifunctional, Biodegradable Vehicles for Drug and Gene Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2013; 5:161-187. [PMID: 24729871 PMCID: PMC3982046 DOI: 10.3390/polym5010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly[(organo)phosphazenes] are a unique class of extremely versatile polymers with a range of applications including tissue engineering and drug delivery, as hydrogels, shape memory polymers and as stimuli responsive materials. This review aims to divulge the basic principles of designing polyphosphazenes for drug and gene delivery and portray the huge potential of these extremely versatile materials for such applications. Polyphosphazenes offer a number of distinct advantages as carriers for bioconjugates; alongside their completely degradable backbone, to non-toxic degradation products, they possess an inherently and uniquely high functionality and, thanks to recent advances in their polymer chemistry, can be prepared with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities, as well as self-assembled supra-molecular structures. Importantly, the rate of degradation/hydrolysis of the polymers can be carefully tuned to suit the desired application. In this review we detail the recent developments in the chemistry of polyphosphazenes, relevant to drug and gene delivery and describe recent investigations into their application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4060, Leonding, Austria;
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4060, Leonding, Austria;
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Howell BA, Walles EW, Rashidianfar R. Noncovalent complexes of water-soluble polymers and organoplatinum compounds as potential time-release antitumor agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19880190126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Teasdale I, Wilfert S, Nischang I, Brüggemann O. Multifunctional and biodegradable polyphosphazenes for use as macromolecular anti-cancer drug carriers. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Crommen JHL, Schacht EH. Synthesis and Evaluation of the Hydrolytical Stability of Ethyl 2-(α-Amino acid)Glycolates and Ethyl 2-(α-Amino Acid)Lactates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19911001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Simanova SA, Kuznetsova TV, Demidov VN, Aleksandrova EA, Diefenbach U. Synthesis and molecular structure of platinum(II) complexes with cyclotriphosphazenes containing pyridylalkylamino and pyridylmethoxy groups. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363207110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Vinogradova SV, Tur DR, Vasnev VA. Open-chain poly(organophosphazenes). Synthesis and properties. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1998v067n06abeh000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Chandrasekhar V, Thilagar P, Murugesa Pandian B. Cyclophosphazene-based multi-site coordination ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Allen CW. Organofunctional phosphazenes and organofunctional phosphazene polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polc.5070700107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Allcock HR. A new approach to polymer chemistry: Organometallic and bioactive phosphazenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polc.5070700106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Biodegradable Poly(organophosphazenes) for Biomedical Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-006-9071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
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17
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Pertici P, Vitulli G, Gleria M, Facchin G, Milani R, Bertani R. Metal-Containing Poly(Organophosphazenes). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200650313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Fang M, Jones ND, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Cavell RG. Water-Induced Rearrangement of a Platinacyclic Carbene Produces a Platinacyclic Carbaphosphazene with an Intraannular Pt?C Bond in a Pt?N?P?N?P?C Ring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Fang M, Jones ND, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Cavell RG. Water-Induced Rearrangement of a Platinacyclic Carbene Produces a Platinacyclic Carbaphosphazene with an Intraannular Pt?C Bond in a Pt?N?P?N?P?C Ring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2005-8. [PMID: 15726551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Allcock HR. Controlled synthesis of organic-inorganic polymers that possess a backbone of phosphorus and nitrogen atoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.1981.020041981101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Steiner A, Zacchini S, Richards PI. From neutral iminophosphoranes to multianionic phosphazenates. The coordination chemistry of imino–aza-P(V) ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(02)00012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Chandrasekhar V, Krishnan V. Advances in the chemistry of chlorocyclophosphazenes. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(02)53005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Baek H, Cho Y, Lee CO, Sohn YS. Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclotriphosphazene-(diamine)platinum(II) conjugates. Anticancer Drugs 2000; 11:715-25. [PMID: 11129734 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200010000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new class of water-soluble cyclotriphosphazene-(diamine)platinum(II) conjugate drugs [NP(Am-Li2)(Am.PtA2)]3 (Am: dicarboxylic amino acid; A2: diamine) has been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, multinuclear (1H, 31P, 13C, 195Pt) NMR and IR spectroscopies. All the title compounds were subjected to both in vitro and in vivo assays against the murine leukemia L1210 cell line and selected human tumor cells. Most of the title compounds have shown higher in vivo antitumor activity than cisplatin and carboplatin, and, in particular, [NP(L-Glu-Li2)(L-Glu.Pt(-dach)]3 (Glu=glutamate, dach=trans(+/-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) showed extraordinary high activity (ILS>500%) equally against both parent and cisplatin-resistant leukemia L1210 cell lines. Furthermore, this candidate compound (KI 60606) exhibited a wider spectrum of in vitro activity by showing higher cytotoxicity against all the selected human tumor cells than cisplatin and, therefore, was subjected to preclinical studies which are now near completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baek
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Cho Y, Baek H, Sohn YS. Functionalization of organophosphazene trimers: synthesis and characterization of hexakis(dicarboxylic amino acid ester)cyclotriphosphazenes and their salt derivatives. Polyhedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(99)00042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Chen-Yang YW, Hwang JJ, Chang FH. Polyphosphazene Electrolytes. 1. Preparation and Conductivities of New Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly[bis(amino)phosphazene] and Lithium Perchlorate. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma960289y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. W. Chen-Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan 32023, ROC
| | - J. J. Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan 32023, ROC
| | - F. H. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan 32023, ROC
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Diefenbach U, Kretschmann M, Stromburg B. Phosphazenes with (2-Pyridylmethylamino) Groups, I. Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Pentaphenoxy(2-pyridylmethylamino)-cyclotriphosphazene and Its Copper(II) Nitrate, Platinum (II) Chloride, and Cobalt(II) Nitrate Complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19961291227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Núñez A, Núñez O. Bell-Shaped pH−Rate Profile in a Reaction Involving a Pentacoordinated Phosphorus Intermediate. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9607121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Núñez
- Laboratorio de Fisico-Química Orgánica, Departamento de Procesos y Sistemas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado postal 89000, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Oswaldo Núñez
- Laboratorio de Fisico-Química Orgánica, Departamento de Procesos y Sistemas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado postal 89000, Caracas, Venezuela
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Diefenbach U, Kretschmann M, �avdarci �. Synthesis of 3-(aminomethyl)-pyridylpentaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene and its complex formation with copper(II) nitrate. Molecular structure of {Cu[N3P3(OC6H5)5(NHCH2-(3-C5H4N))]2(NO3)2}. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00807569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Belluco U, Bertani R, Michelin RA, Mozzon M, Zingales F, Gleria M. Organometallic phosphazenes: synthesis and characterization of Pt(II) and Pt(0) cinnammonitrile cyclophosphazene derivatives. Inorganica Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(94)04282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Chandrasekhar V, Thomas KRJ. Coordination and organometallic chemistry of cyclophosphazenes and polyphosphazenes. Appl Organomet Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.590070102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Crommen JH, Schacht EH, Mense EH. Biodegradable polymers. II. Degradation characteristics of hydrolysis-sensitive poly[(organo)phosphazenes]. Biomaterials 1992; 13:601-11. [PMID: 1391407 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(92)90028-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes with hydrolytic labile substituents have potential as biodegradable materials. By proper choice of the substituents, polymers can be prepared which can degrade to harmless products. The rate of biodegradation and the nature of the degradation products can be widely varied by changing the chemical composition of the polymers. The degradation properties of a series of new polyphosphazene derivatives are discussed. The synthesis of phosphazene polymers with variable amounts of ethyl 2-(O-glycyl)lactate or ethyl 2-(O-alanyl)lactate as cosubstituents was described previously. These polymers were prepared by partial reaction of poly[(dichloro)phosphazene] with the corresponding amine compound. Total halogen replacement was achieved by subsequent introduction of glycine ethyl ester cosubstituents. The degradation characteristics of these polymers in organic solution or in vitro was investigated. It was demonstrated that the introduction of hydrolysis-sensitive side-groups along the polymer chain results in an increased degradability of the poly[(amino acid ester)phosphazenes]. A plausible mechanism for the hydrolysis of these materials is proposed. The main hydrolysis pathway of poly[(amino acid ester)phosphazene] devices in vitro involves release of the amino acid ester side-group followed by hydrolysis of the ester with formation of the amino acid and ethanol. Initial hydrolysis of the ester bond with subsequent release of glycine cannot be excluded but is probably predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Crommen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Ghent, Belgium
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cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum(II) complexes reversibly bound to water-soluble polyaspartamide carriers for chemotherapeutic applications. I. Platinum coordination to preformed, carrier-attached ethylenediamine ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00701316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Bertani R, Facchin G, Gleria M. Organometallic and coordination chemistry on phosphazenes Part I. Zn(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes on Schiff base-containing cyclophosphazenes. Inorganica Chim Acta 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)83403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Schmidpeter A, Steinm�ller F, Sheldrick WS. Ein N/P-Analogon des Cyclotetraphosphazens: Reaktionen und Struktur des Octaphenyl-1,5,2?5,3,4?5,6?5,7,8?5-diazahexaphosphocins und seines PdCl2-Komplexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19895790120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Allcock HR, Gebura M, Kwon S, Neenan TX. Amphiphilic polyphosphazenes as membrane materials: influence of side group on radiation cross-linking. Biomaterials 1988; 9:500-8. [PMID: 3224137 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(88)90045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The amphiphilic mixed-substituent polyphosphazenes, [NP(OCH2CF3)x (NHCH3)y)]n and [NP(OC6H5)x (NHCH3)y]n, have been prepared by the sequential replacement of chlorine in [NPCI2]n by trifluorethoxide or phenoxide and methylamine. Thin films of these species were cross-linked by exposure to gamma radiation and the semipermeability of the resultant membranes was monitored. The radiation-induced cross-linking and membrane-forming properties of these polymers were compared with those of the single substituent polymers, [NP(OCH2CF3)2]n, [NP(OC6H5)2]n, and [NP(NHCH3)2]n. The radiation-cross-linking and appeared to involve free radical reactions at the methyl groups of the methylamino substituents. The possible utility of these materials in biomedical research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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Abstract
The synthesis of a new potential anti-thrombogenic polymer is described. Limited halogenation of an aryloxy-substituted polyphosphazene, followed by quaternization with triethylamine yielded a polymer capable of forming polyelectrolyte complexes with sodium heparin. The results of preliminary clotting tests with bovine blood are presented.
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Cyclophosphazenes as novel antitumor agents: X-ray crystal structure and donor properties of the hexaziridinocyclotriphosphazene, N3P3(NC2H4)6. J Mol Struct 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(80)85317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Gleria M, Minto F, Lora S, Bortolus P. Photochemical behaviour of poly-(organophosphazenes)—II. Oxygen influence on the photodegradation of aryloxy- and arylamino-substituted polyphosphazenes in solution. Eur Polym J 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(79)90094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Krishnamurthy S, Sau A, Woods M. Cyclophosphazenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2792(08)60278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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