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Girazian Z, Schneider NM, Milby Z, Fang X, Halekas J, Weber T, Jain SK, Gérard J, Soret L, Deighan J, Lee CO. Discrete Aurora at Mars: Dependence on Upstream Solar Wind Conditions. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2022; 127:e2021JA030238. [PMID: 35866072 PMCID: PMC9287011 DOI: 10.1029/2021ja030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Discrete aurora at Mars, characterized by their small spatial scale and tendency to form near strong crustal magnetic fields, are emissions produced by particle precipitation into the Martian upper atmosphere. Since 2014, Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN's (MAVEN's) Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) has obtained a large collection of UV discrete aurora observations during its routine periapsis nightside limb scans. Initial analysis of these observations has shown that, near the strongest crustal magnetic fields in the southern hemisphere, the IUVS discrete aurora detection frequency is highly sensitive to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle. However, the role of other solar wind properties in controlling the discrete aurora detection frequency has not yet been determined. In this work, we use the IUVS discrete aurora observations, along with MAVEN observations of the upstream solar wind, to determine how the discrete aurora detection frequency varies with solar wind dynamic pressure, IMF strength, and IMF cone angle. We find that, outside of the strong crustal field region (SCFR) in the southern hemisphere, the aurora detection frequency is relatively insensitive to the IMF orientation, but significantly increases with solar wind dynamic pressure, and moderately increases with IMF strength. Interestingly however, although high solar wind dynamic pressures cause more aurora to form, they have little impact on the brightness of the auroral emissions. Alternatively, inside the SCFR, the detection frequency is only moderately dependent on the solar wind dynamic pressure, and is much more sensitive to the IMF clock and cone angles. In the SCFR, aurora are unlikely to occur when the IMF points near the radial or anti-radial directions when the cone angle (arccos(B x /|B|)) is less than 30° or between 120° and 150°. Together, these results provide the first comprehensive characterization of how upstream solar wind conditions affect the formation of discrete aurora at Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Girazian
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - N. M. Schneider
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Z. Milby
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - X. Fang
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - J. Halekas
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - T. Weber
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - S. K. Jain
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - J.‐C. Gérard
- LPAPSTAR InstituteUniversité de LiégeLiégeBelgium
| | - L. Soret
- LPAPSTAR InstituteUniversité de LiégeLiégeBelgium
| | - J. Deighan
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - C. O. Lee
- Space Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
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Angelopoulos V, Cruce P, Drozdov A, Grimes EW, Hatzigeorgiu N, King DA, Larson D, Lewis JW, McTiernan JM, Roberts DA, Russell CL, Hori T, Kasahara Y, Kumamoto A, Matsuoka A, Miyashita Y, Miyoshi Y, Shinohara I, Teramoto M, Faden JB, Halford AJ, McCarthy M, Millan RM, Sample JG, Smith DM, Woodger LA, Masson A, Narock AA, Asamura K, Chang TF, Chiang CY, Kazama Y, Keika K, Matsuda S, Segawa T, Seki K, Shoji M, Tam SWY, Umemura N, Wang BJ, Wang SY, Redmon R, Rodriguez JV, Singer HJ, Vandegriff J, Abe S, Nose M, Shinbori A, Tanaka YM, UeNo S, Andersson L, Dunn P, Fowler C, Halekas JS, Hara T, Harada Y, Lee CO, Lillis R, Mitchell DL, Argall MR, Bromund K, Burch JL, Cohen IJ, Galloy M, Giles B, Jaynes AN, Le Contel O, Oka M, Phan TD, Walsh BM, Westlake J, Wilder FD, Bale SD, Livi R, Pulupa M, Whittlesey P, DeWolfe A, Harter B, Lucas E, Auster U, Bonnell JW, Cully CM, Donovan E, Ergun RE, Frey HU, Jackel B, Keiling A, Korth H, McFadden JP, Nishimura Y, Plaschke F, Robert P, Turner DL, Weygand JM, Candey RM, Johnson RC, Kovalick T, Liu MH, McGuire RE, Breneman A, Kersten K, Schroeder P. The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS). Space Sci Rev 2019; 215:9. [PMID: 30880847 PMCID: PMC6380193 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-018-0576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory (H/GSO), a complement of multi-spacecraft missions and ground-based observatories to study the space environment, data retrieval, analysis, and visualization of space physics data can be daunting. The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS), a grass-roots software development platform (www.spedas.org), is now officially supported by NASA Heliophysics as part of its data environment infrastructure. It serves more than a dozen space missions and ground observatories and can integrate the full complement of past and upcoming space physics missions with minimal resources, following clear, simple, and well-proven guidelines. Free, modular and configurable to the needs of individual missions, it works in both command-line (ideal for experienced users) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) mode (reducing the learning curve for first-time users). Both options have "crib-sheets," user-command sequences in ASCII format that can facilitate record-and-repeat actions, especially for complex operations and plotting. Crib-sheets enhance scientific interactions, as users can move rapidly and accurately from exchanges of technical information on data processing to efficient discussions regarding data interpretation and science. SPEDAS can readily query and ingest all International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP)-compatible products from the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), enabling access to a vast collection of historic and current mission data. The planned incorporation of Heliophysics Application Programmer's Interface (HAPI) standards will facilitate data ingestion from distributed datasets that adhere to these standards. Although SPEDAS is currently Interactive Data Language (IDL)-based (and interfaces to Java-based tools such as Autoplot), efforts are under-way to expand it further to work with python (first as an interface tool and potentially even receiving an under-the-hood replacement). We review the SPEDAS development history, goals, and current implementation. We explain its "modes of use" with examples geared for users and outline its technical implementation and requirements with software developers in mind. We also describe SPEDAS personnel and software management, interfaces with other organizations, resources and support structure available to the community, and future development plans. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0576-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Angelopoulos
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - P. Cruce
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - A. Drozdov
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - E. W. Grimes
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - N. Hatzigeorgiu
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - D. A. King
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - D. Larson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - J. W. Lewis
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - J. M. McTiernan
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - C. L. Russell
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - T. Hori
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - A. Kumamoto
- Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - A. Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y. Miyashita
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Y. Miyoshi
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - I. Shinohara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - M. Teramoto
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - A. J. Halford
- Space Sciences Department, The Aerospace Corporation, Chantilly, VA USA
| | - M. McCarthy
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - R. M. Millan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - J. G. Sample
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - D. M. Smith
- Santa Cruz Institute of Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - L. A. Woodger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - A. Masson
- European Space Agency, ESAC, SCI-OPD, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. A. Narock
- ADNET Systems Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - K. Asamura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T. F. Chang
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - C.-Y. Chiang
- Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y. Kazama
- Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K. Keika
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Matsuda
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T. Segawa
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K. Seki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Shoji
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S. W. Y. Tam
- Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - N. Umemura
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B.-J. Wang
- Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Space Science, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - S.-Y. Wang
- Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R. Redmon
- National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. V. Rodriguez
- National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - H. J. Singer
- Space Weather Prediction Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. Vandegriff
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - S. Abe
- International Center for Space Weather Science and Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M. Nose
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto Data Analysis Center for Geomagnetism and Space Magnetism, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A. Shinbori
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y.-M. Tanaka
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. UeNo
- Hida Observatory, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - L. Andersson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - P. Dunn
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - C. Fowler
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. S. Halekas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - T. Hara
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Y. Harada
- Department of Geophysics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C. O. Lee
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - R. Lillis
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - D. L. Mitchell
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - M. R. Argall
- Physics Department and Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - K. Bromund
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - J. L. Burch
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - I. J. Cohen
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - M. Galloy
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO USA
| | - B. Giles
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - A. N. Jaynes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - O. Le Contel
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/Sorbonne Université/Univ. Paris Sud/Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M. Oka
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - T. D. Phan
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - B. M. Walsh
- Center for Space Physics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - J. Westlake
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - F. D. Wilder
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - S. D. Bale
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - R. Livi
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - M. Pulupa
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - P. Whittlesey
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - A. DeWolfe
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - B. Harter
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - E. Lucas
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - U. Auster
- Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. W. Bonnell
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - C. M. Cully
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Ontario Canada
| | - E. Donovan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Ontario Canada
| | - R. E. Ergun
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - H. U. Frey
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - B. Jackel
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Ontario Canada
| | - A. Keiling
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - H. Korth
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - J. P. McFadden
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Y. Nishimura
- Center for Space Physics and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - F. Plaschke
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P. Robert
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/Sorbonne Université/Univ. Paris Sud/Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - J. M. Weygand
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - R. M. Candey
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - R. C. Johnson
- ADNET Systems Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - T. Kovalick
- ADNET Systems Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - M. H. Liu
- ADNET Systems Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | | | - A. Breneman
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - K. Kersten
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - P. Schroeder
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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3
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Jakosky BM, Grebowsky JM, Luhmann JG, Connerney J, Eparvier F, Ergun R, Halekas J, Larson D, Mahaffy P, McFadden J, Mitchell DF, Schneider N, Zurek R, Bougher S, Brain D, Ma YJ, Mazelle C, Andersson L, Andrews D, Baird D, Baker D, Bell JM, Benna M, Chaffin M, Chamberlin P, Chaufray YY, Clarke J, Collinson G, Combi M, Crary F, Cravens T, Crismani M, Curry S, Curtis D, Deighan J, Delory G, Dewey R, DiBraccio G, Dong C, Dong Y, Dunn P, Elrod M, England S, Eriksson A, Espley J, Evans S, Fang X, Fillingim M, Fortier K, Fowler CM, Fox J, Gröller H, Guzewich S, Hara T, Harada Y, Holsclaw G, Jain SK, Jolitz R, Leblanc F, Lee CO, Lee Y, Lefevre F, Lillis R, Livi R, Lo D, Mayyasi M, McClintock W, McEnulty T, Modolo R, Montmessin F, Morooka M, Nagy A, Olsen K, Peterson W, Rahmati A, Ruhunusiri S, Russell CT, Sakai S, Sauvaud JA, Seki K, Steckiewicz M, Stevens M, Stewart AIF, Stiepen A, Stone S, Tenishev V, Thiemann E, Tolson R, Toublanc D, Vogt M, Weber T, Withers P, Woods T, Yelle R. MAVEN observations of the response of Mars to an interplanetary coronal mass ejection. Science 2015; 350:aad0210. [PMID: 26542576 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere, combined with loss of gas from the upper atmosphere to space, likely contributed to the thin, cold, dry atmosphere of modern Mars. To help understand ongoing ion loss to space, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft made comprehensive measurements of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with the Sun and solar wind during an interplanetary coronal mass ejection impact in March 2015. Responses include changes in the bow shock and magnetosheath, formation of widespread diffuse aurora, and enhancement of pick-up ions. Observations and models both show an enhancement in escape rate of ions to space during the event. Ion loss during solar events early in Mars history may have been a major contributor to the long-term evolution of the Mars atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J M Grebowsky
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J G Luhmann
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Connerney
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - F Eparvier
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Ergun
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Halekas
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D Larson
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Mahaffy
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J McFadden
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D F Mitchell
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - R Zurek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S Bougher
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Brain
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Y J Ma
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Mazelle
- CNRS-Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - D Andrews
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Baird
- NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Baker
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J M Bell
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - M Benna
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Chaffin
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Chamberlin
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Y-Y Chaufray
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux et observations spatiales (LATMOS)-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - J Clarke
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Collinson
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Combi
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Crary
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T Cravens
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - M Crismani
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Curry
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Curtis
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Deighan
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G Delory
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Dewey
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G DiBraccio
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - C Dong
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Dong
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Dunn
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Elrod
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S England
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Eriksson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Espley
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S Evans
- Computational Physics, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA
| | - X Fang
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Fillingim
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - K Fortier
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C M Fowler
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Fox
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - H Gröller
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Guzewich
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - T Hara
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Harada
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Holsclaw
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S K Jain
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Jolitz
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - F Leblanc
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux et observations spatiales (LATMOS)-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - C O Lee
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Lee
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Lefevre
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux et observations spatiales (LATMOS)-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - R Lillis
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Livi
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Lo
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - T McEnulty
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Modolo
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux et observations spatiales (LATMOS)-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - F Montmessin
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux et observations spatiales (LATMOS)-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - M Morooka
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Nagy
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Olsen
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W Peterson
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Rahmati
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - C T Russell
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Sakai
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - J-A Sauvaud
- CNRS-Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - K Seki
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Steckiewicz
- CNRS-Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Stevens
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - A Stiepen
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Stone
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - V Tenishev
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E Thiemann
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Tolson
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - D Toublanc
- CNRS-Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Vogt
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Weber
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - T Woods
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Yelle
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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4
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Bougher S, Jakosky B, Halekas J, Grebowsky J, Luhmann J, Mahaffy P, Connerney J, Eparvier F, Ergun R, Larson D, McFadden J, Mitchell D, Schneider N, Zurek R, Mazelle C, Andersson L, Andrews D, Baird D, Baker DN, Bell JM, Benna M, Brain D, Chaffin M, Chamberlin P, Chaufray JY, Clarke J, Collinson G, Combi M, Crary F, Cravens T, Crismani M, Curry S, Curtis D, Deighan J, Delory G, Dewey R, DiBraccio G, Dong C, Dong Y, Dunn P, Elrod M, England S, Eriksson A, Espley J, Evans S, Fang X, Fillingim M, Fortier K, Fowler CM, Fox J, Gröller H, Guzewich S, Hara T, Harada Y, Holsclaw G, Jain SK, Jolitz R, Leblanc F, Lee CO, Lee Y, Lefevre F, Lillis R, Livi R, Lo D, Ma Y, Mayyasi M, McClintock W, McEnulty T, Modolo R, Montmessin F, Morooka M, Nagy A, Olsen K, Peterson W, Rahmati A, Ruhunusiri S, Russell CT, Sakai S, Sauvaud JA, Seki K, Steckiewicz M, Stevens M, Stewart AIF, Stiepen A, Stone S, Tenishev V, Thiemann E, Tolson R, Toublanc D, Vogt M, Weber T, Withers P, Woods T, Yelle R. Early MAVEN Deep Dip campaign reveals thermosphere and ionosphere variability. Science 2015; 350:aad0459. [PMID: 26542579 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission, during the second of its Deep Dip campaigns, made comprehensive measurements of martian thermosphere and ionosphere composition, structure, and variability at altitudes down to ~130 kilometers in the subsolar region. This altitude range contains the diffusively separated upper atmosphere just above the well-mixed atmosphere, the layer of peak extreme ultraviolet heating and primary reservoir for atmospheric escape. In situ measurements of the upper atmosphere reveal previously unmeasured populations of neutral and charged particles, the homopause altitude at approximately 130 kilometers, and an unexpected level of variability both on an orbit-to-orbit basis and within individual orbits. These observations help constrain volatile escape processes controlled by thermosphere and ionosphere structure and variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bougher
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - B Jakosky
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Halekas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J Grebowsky
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Luhmann
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Mahaffy
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Connerney
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - F Eparvier
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Ergun
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Larson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J McFadden
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Mitchell
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - N Schneider
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Zurek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - C Mazelle
- CNRS/Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - L Andersson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Andrews
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - D Baird
- NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D N Baker
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J M Bell
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - M Benna
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - D Brain
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Chaffin
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Chamberlin
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J-Y Chaufray
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales /CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
| | - J Clarke
- Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Collinson
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Combi
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Crary
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T Cravens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - M Crismani
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Curry
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Curtis
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Deighan
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G Delory
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Dewey
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G DiBraccio
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - C Dong
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Dong
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Dunn
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Elrod
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S England
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Eriksson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - J Espley
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S Evans
- Computational Physics, Springfield, VA, USA
| | - X Fang
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Fillingim
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - K Fortier
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C M Fowler
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Fox
- Department of Physics, Wright State University, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - H Gröller
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Guzewich
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - T Hara
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Harada
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Holsclaw
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S K Jain
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Jolitz
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - F Leblanc
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales /CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
| | - C O Lee
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Lee
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Lefevre
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales /CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
| | - R Lillis
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Livi
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Lo
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Y Ma
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Mayyasi
- Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W McClintock
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T McEnulty
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Modolo
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales /CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
| | - F Montmessin
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales /CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
| | - M Morooka
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Nagy
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Olsen
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W Peterson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Rahmati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - S Ruhunusiri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C T Russell
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - J-A Sauvaud
- CNRS/Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - K Seki
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Steckiewicz
- CNRS/Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Stevens
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A I F Stewart
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Stiepen
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Stone
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - V Tenishev
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E Thiemann
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Tolson
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - D Toublanc
- CNRS/Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Vogt
- Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Weber
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Withers
- Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Woods
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Yelle
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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5
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Schneider NM, Deighan JI, Jain SK, Stiepen A, Stewart AIF, Larson D, Mitchell DL, Mazelle C, Lee CO, Lillis RJ, Evans JS, Brain D, Stevens MH, McClintock WE, Chaffin MS, Crismani M, Holsclaw GM, Lefevre F, Lo DY, Clarke JT, Montmessin F, Jakosky BM. Discovery of diffuse aurora on Mars. Science 2015; 350:aad0313. [PMID: 26542577 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Schneider
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - J. I. Deighan
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - S. K. Jain
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - A. Stiepen
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - A. I. F. Stewart
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - D. Larson
- Space Sciences Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D. L. Mitchell
- Space Sciences Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. Mazelle
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, Toulouse, France
- University Paul Sabatier, IRAP, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - C. O. Lee
- Space Sciences Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R. J. Lillis
- Space Sciences Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J. S. Evans
- Computational Physics, Inc, Springfield, VA 22151, USA
| | - D. Brain
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - M. H. Stevens
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - W. E. McClintock
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - M. S. Chaffin
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - M. Crismani
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - G. M. Holsclaw
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - F. Lefevre
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Guyancourt, France
| | - D. Y. Lo
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - J. T. Clarke
- Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - F. Montmessin
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - B. M. Jakosky
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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6
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Abstract
New polyacetylenic alcohols (1-5) have been isolated as cytotoxic principles from the marine sponge Petrosia sp. The compounds were particularly cytotoxic against a human melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-2). The gross structures were established on the basis of NMR and MS data, and the absolute configuration was determined by the modified Mosher's method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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7
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Suh ME, Park SY, Lee CO. Synthesis of pyridino[2,3-f]indole-4,9-dione and 6,7-disubstituted quinoline-5,8-dione derivatives and evaluation on their cytotoxic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:2979-86. [PMID: 11597479 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report upon the synthesis of the following derivatives: N-substituted-pyridino[2,3-f]indole-4,9-dione, and 6-(alpha-diethoxycarbonyl-methyl)-7-substituted-amino-quinoline-5,8-dione, which contain the active quinoline-5,8-dione (VII) moiety. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds have been tested in SRB (SulfoRhodamine B) assays against the cancer cell lines of A-549 (human lung cancer), SK-MEL-2 (human melanoma cancer), SK-OV-3 (human ovarian cancer), XF-498 (human brain cancer) and HCT 15 (human colon cancer). The compound, N-benzyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-pyridino[2,3-f]indole-4,9-dione (A-9), also showed higher activity than cis-platin. The highest level of cytotoxic activity in these human tumor cell lines was observed in the compound 6-(alpha-diethoxycarbonyl-methyl)-7-(2-methyl-phenylamino)-quinoline-5,8-dione (B-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Suh
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 120-750, Seoul, South Korea.
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8
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Liu Y, Bae BH, Alam N, Hong J, Sim CJ, Lee CO, Im KS, Jung JH. New cytotoxic sesterterpenes from the sponge Sarcotragus species. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:1301-1304. [PMID: 11678655 DOI: 10.1021/np0101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Five new (1-3, 5, and 7) and two known (4, 6) furanosesterterpene tetronic acids were isolated from the marine sponge Sarcotragus sp. by bioactivity-guided fractionation. These compounds showed cytotoxicity against a panel of five human tumor cell lines. The gross structures were established on the basis of NMR and MS analyses. The compounds showed interesting variations of geometry and absolute configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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9
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Ryu CK, Jeong HJ, Lee SK, You HJ, Choi KU, Shim JY, Heo YH, Lee CO. Effects of 6-arylamino-5,8-quinolinediones and 6-chloro-7-arylamino-5,8-isoquinolinediones on NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity and their cytotoxic potential. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:390-6. [PMID: 11693537 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized 6-arylamino-5,8-quinolinediones 4a-4j and 6-chloro-7-arylamino-5,8-isoquinolinediones 5a-5g were evaluated for effects on NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity with the cytosolic fractions derived from cultured human lung cancer cells and their cytotoxicity in cultured several human solid cancer cell lines. The 5,8-quinolinediones 4 and 5,8-isoquinolinediones 5 affected the reduction potential by NQO1 activity and showed a potent cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. The tested compounds 4a, 5c, 5f, and 5g were considered as more potent cytotoxic agents. The compounds 4d, 5b, 5c, 5e and 5g were comparable modulators of NQO1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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10
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Cheon SH, Park JS, Lee JY, Lee YN, Yi H, Chung BH, Choi BG, Cho WJ, Choi SU, Lee CO. Structure-activity relationship studies of isoquinolinone type anticancer agent. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:276-80. [PMID: 11534756 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Substituted isoquinolin-1-ones (1) were synthesized to test their in vitro anticancer activity. 3-Biphenyl-N-methylisoquinolin-1-one (7) showed the most potent anticancer activity against five different human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Cheon
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea.
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11
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Abstract
Ten new (1, 4-6, 9-14) and four known (2, 3, 7, 8) diacetylenes have been isolated from a brine shrimp active fraction of the methanolic extract of the stony coral Montipora sp. The structures were determined by combined spectroscopic methods. The compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity against a small panel of human solid tumor cell lines. Montiporyne A (15), a previously reported congener, was also found to induce apoptosis in human colon tumor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alam
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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12
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Jo SH, Choi SY, Kim KT, Lee CO. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl 19 (2,2',6-trichlorobiphenyl) on contraction, Ca2+ transient, and Ca2+ current of cardiac myocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001; 38:11-20. [PMID: 11444494 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200107000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been known as serious environmental pollutants, causing developmental delays, motor dysfunction, and decrease in brain dopamine level in humans and animals. We have investigated the effects of a PCB congener, 2,2',6-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 19) on contractile force, Ca2+ transient, and L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca,L)) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes stimulated at a rate of 0.25-0.33 Hz. PCB 19 decreased contractile force in a concentration-dependent manner. During the negative inotropic response, the action potential duration at 20% (APD20), 90% of repolarization (APD90), and the action potential amplitude (APA) were decreased concentration dependently: 30 microM PCB 19 reduced APD20, APD90 and APA by 36.7 +/- 3.5%, 22.6 +/- 3.9%, and 2.4 +/- 0.6%, respectively (n = 11, p < 0.01). PCB 19 30 microM decreased the Ca2+ transient and the I(Ca,L) by 46.8 +/- 1.8% (n = 9, p < 0.01) and 47.1 +/- 3.1% (n = 9, p < 0.01), respectively. The results suggest that PCB 19 decreased the Ca2+ transient through inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels and that the decreased Ca2+ transient consequently caused a negative inotropic effect in cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jo
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
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13
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Alam N, Hong J, Lee CO, Im KS, Son BW, Choi JS, Choi WC, Jung JH. Montipyridine, a new pyridinium alkaloid from the stony coral montipora species. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:956-957. [PMID: 11473434 DOI: 10.1021/np0100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new pyridinium alkaloid, montipyridine (1), has been isolated from the stony coral Montipora sp. The structure was established from spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alam
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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14
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Park SH, Choi SU, Lee CO, Yoo SE, Yoon SK, Kim YK, Ryu SY. Costunolide, a sesquiterpene from the stem bark of Magnolia sieboldii, inhibits the RAS-farnesyl-proteintransferase. Planta Med 2001; 67:358-359. [PMID: 11458455 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Costunolide, a germacrane sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia sieboldii demonstrated a significant inhibition upon the farnesylation process of human lamin-B by farnesyl-proteintransferase (FPTase), in a dose dependent manner in vitro (IC50 value was calculated as 20 microM). It was also found to exhibit an inhibition upon the proliferation of cultured human tumor cells, i.e., A549 (non small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system) and HCT-15 (colon), in vitro.
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15
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Alam N, Bae BH, Hong J, Lee CO, Shin BA, Im KS, Jung JH. Additional bioactive Lyso-PAF congeners from the sponge Spirastrella abata. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:533-535. [PMID: 11325244 DOI: 10.1021/np0005210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A known (1) and four new (2--5) lyso-PAF (platelet activating factor) derivatives were isolated from the sponge Spirastrella abata. Two of them are unprecedented in having a methoxy group at C-2'. The structures have been determined by combined spectroscopic methods. Their inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of cholesterol and cytotoxicity against human solid tumor cell lines are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alam
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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16
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Abstract
The cardiac Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) is thought to be the major calcium extrusion mechanism and to play an important role in the regulation of intracellular calcium in the heart. The Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger is particularly abundant in the heart, although it is found in a variety of other tissues. To investigate the role of NCX1, we have generated NCX1-deficient mice. Mice heterozygous for the NCX1 mutation showed no discernable phenotype, grew normally, and were fertile; however, no viable homozygote was observed among 175 offspring obtained from intercrosses of heterozygotes. All the homozygous mutant mice died in utero before E10.5. Morphological analysis indicated that homozygotes of NCX1 mutation at E9.5 died with an underdeveloped heart with a dilated pericardium. Microscopic analysis of these embryos showed myocardial cell loss due to apoptosis. The apoptosis was first observed in E8.5 mutant heart. Areas outside the heart appeared normal in the mutant embryos at E8.5. In contrast, at E9.0, various regions of mutant embryos showed extensive cell loss. These results suggest that mutant embryos die owing to cardiac abnormalities caused by apoptotic cell loss, indicating that NCX1 is essential for normal development of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Cho
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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17
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Lee HS, Park KL, Choi SU, Lee CO, Jung SH. Effect of substituents on benzenesulfonyl motif of 4-phenyl-1-arylsulfonylimidazolidinones for their cytotoxicity. Arch Pharm Res 2000; 23:579-84. [PMID: 11156178 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect of substituents' on phenyl motif on sulfonyl function of novel anticancer 4-phenyl-1-benzenesulfonylimidazolidinones (1), electron donating or withdrawing substituents were introduced at 3 or 4-position and the analogs were tested against human lung (A549) and colon (HCT-15) cancer cell lines. Quantitative structure activity relationship of the 4-substituted series shows that only STERIMOL L values are well correlated. The increment of substituent's volume enhances the activity against both cell lines. The small substituent at 3-position additionally increases the activity. However naphthyl group in place of phenyl reduces the activity. Therefore the phenyl motif with sterically large substituent at 4-position and small substituent at 3-position may be important for their activity. Integration of these substituents' effects into the structural design led to discover the more potent analog, 4-phenyl-1-(N-acetylindoline-5-sulfonyl) imidazolidinone (1n).
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Nam National University, Taejon, Korea
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18
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Ryu CK, Jeong HJ, Lee SK, Kang HY, Ko KM, Sun YJ, Song EH, Hur YH, Lee CO. Modulation of Nad(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity mediated by 5-arylamino-2-methyl-4,7-dioxobenzothiazoles and their cytotoxic potential. Arch Pharm Res 2000; 23:554-8. [PMID: 11156173 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized 5-arylamino-2-methyl-4,7-dioxobenzothiazoles 3a-3o were evaluated for modulation of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity with the cytosolic fractions derived from cultured human lung cancer cells and their cytotoxicity in cultured several human solid cancer cell lines. The 4,7-dioxobenzothiazoles affected the reduction potential by NQO1 activity and showed a potent cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. The tested compounds 3a, 3b, 3g, 3h, 3n and 3o were considered as more potent cytotoxic agents, and comparable modulators of NQO1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Abstract
We investigated the expression of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in cultured human melanocytes with immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. With the use of a monoclonal antibody, RyR immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of melanocytes, and was further confirmed by RT-PCR assay. The PCR products were cut with restriction enzymes specific for each RyR isoform. Using the RyR1-specific restriction enzyme SacI yielded fragments of 300, 100, and 130 base pairs, consistent with the expression of RyR1 isoforms. The function of RyR in Ca(2+) signaling was investigated using single-cell fura-2 imaging. Ryanodine (1 to approximately 100 microM) induced significant elevation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) in single human melanocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The ryanodine-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase was inhibited by neomycin. Furthermore, ryanodine inhibited proliferation and stimulated pigmentation of human melanocytes. This study demonstrates that the RyR1 isoform is expressed in cultured human melanocytes, and suggests that the RyR may be involved in regulating the intracellular Ca(2+) responses involved in proliferation and pigmentation of cultured human melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Bae BH, Im KS, Choi WC, Hong J, Lee CO, Choi JS, Son BW, Song JI, Jung JH. New acetylenic compounds from the stony coral Montipora sp. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:1511-1514. [PMID: 11087594 DOI: 10.1021/np0002076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Six new acetylenic compounds (1-6) with cytotoxic activities against human solid tumor cell lines (SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15) have been isolated from the stony coral Montipora sp. Structures of the compounds 1-6 were elucidated based on analysis of the NMR and MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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21
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Abstract
We investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in alpha(1)-adrenergic regulation of intracellular Na(+) activity (a(Na)(i)) in single guinea pig ventricular myocytes. a(Na)(i) and membrane potentials were measured with the Na(+)-sensitive indicator sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate and conventional microelectrodes, respectively, at room temperature (24-26 degrees C) while myocytes were stimulated at a rate of 0.25-0.3 Hz. The PKC activator 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) decreased a(Na)(i) in a concentration-dependent manner. PMA (100 nM) produced a maximal decrease in a(Na)(i) of 1.5 mM from 6.5 +/- 0.4 to 5.0 +/- 0.4 mM (means +/- SE, n = 12, P < 0.01). The PMA concentration required for a half-maximal decrease in a(Na)(i) was 0.46 +/- 0.13 nM (n = 3, P < 0.01). An inactive phorbol, 4alpha-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, did not decrease a(Na)(i). The decrease caused by PMA could be blocked by the PKC inhibitors staurosporine and bisindolylmaleimide I (GF-109203X). Stimulation of the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor with 50 microM phenylephrine decreased a(Na)(i) from 6.1 +/- 0.3 to 4.6 +/- 0.3 mM (n = 11, P < 0.01). The decrease in a(Na)(i) produced by phenylephrine was blocked by pretreatment with staurosporine, GF-109203X, or PMA. The decrease in a(Na)(i) produced by PMA was not prevented by pretreatment with tetrodotoxin but was blocked by pretreatment with strophanthidin or high extracellular K(+) concentration. The results suggest that alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor activation results in a decrease in a(Na)(i) via PKC-induced stimulation of the Na(+)-K(+) pump in cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jo
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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22
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Abstract
A new class of water-soluble cyclotriphosphazene-(diamine)platinum(II) conjugate drugs [NP(Am-Li2)(Am.PtA2)]3 (Am: dicarboxylic amino acid; A2: diamine) has been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, multinuclear (1H, 31P, 13C, 195Pt) NMR and IR spectroscopies. All the title compounds were subjected to both in vitro and in vivo assays against the murine leukemia L1210 cell line and selected human tumor cells. Most of the title compounds have shown higher in vivo antitumor activity than cisplatin and carboplatin, and, in particular, [NP(L-Glu-Li2)(L-Glu.Pt(-dach)]3 (Glu=glutamate, dach=trans(+/-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) showed extraordinary high activity (ILS>500%) equally against both parent and cisplatin-resistant leukemia L1210 cell lines. Furthermore, this candidate compound (KI 60606) exhibited a wider spectrum of in vitro activity by showing higher cytotoxicity against all the selected human tumor cells than cisplatin and, therefore, was subjected to preclinical studies which are now near completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baek
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Suh ME, Kang MJ, Yoo HW, Park SY, Lee CO. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of 2-methyl-1-substituted-imidazo [4,5-g]quinoline-4,9-dione and 7,8-dihydro-10H-[1,4]oxazino[3',4':2,3]imidazo[4,5-g]quinoline-5,12-dio ne derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:2079-83. [PMID: 11003153 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Methyl-1-substituted-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoline-4,9-diones and 7,8-dihydro-10H-[1,4]oxazino-[3',4':2,3]imidazo[4,5-g]quinoline-5, 12-dione (19) derivatives have been synthesized from 6,7-dichloro-5,8-quinolinedione for developing the new anticancer drugs. Our study on the cytotoxicity of imidazoquinolinedione derivatives has revealed that 7,8-dihydro-10H-[1,4]oxazino-[3',4':2,3]imidazo[4,5-g]quinoline-5, 12-dione (19), a tetracyclic heteroquinone analogue, exhibited high cytotoxicity on human colon tumor cell (HCT 15) in vitro SRB assay. The IC50 value of this compound was 0.026 microg/mL whereas those of doxorubicin and cisplatin were 0.023 microg/mL and 1.482 microg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile compounds 5-7 and 12 in the series of 1-substituted-imidazoquinolinediones showed relatively good activity on human brain tumor cell lines (XF 498).
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Suh
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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24
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Abstract
A novel class of tetrakis(carboxylato)platinum(IV) complexes, [Pt(O(2)CR)(4)(dach)] (dach = trans-(+/-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane; R = C(n)H(2n+1), n = 1 approximately 5), was synthesized and studied for physicochemical properties and oral antitumor activity. Lipophilicity and aqueous solubility of the title complexes were greatly dependent on the alkyl chain length of the carboxylate ligand, and their partition coefficient and solubility changed by 4 or 5 orders of magnitude from acetate to hexanoate complexes. On the other hand, the range of their cathodic reduction potential (-546 approximately -403 mV) depending on the chain length of the carboxylate ligand was relatively small. Among the title complexes, the tetrakis(propionato)platinum(IV) complex, [Pt(O(2)CC(2)H(5))(4)(dach)], with appropriate lipophilicity (log P = 0.18) and aqueous solubility (14.6 mg/mL) was found to exhibit better oral antitumor activity than JM216 against the human ovarian tumor xenograft SKOV3 in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Lee
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea
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25
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Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of Crataegus pinnatifida (Rosaceae) gave two cytotoxic ursane-type triterpenes which were identified as uvaol (1) and ursolic acid (2) by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. 3-Oxo-ursolic acid (3) was synthesized from ursolic acid (2) by Jones method. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were tested against murine L1210 and human cancer cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15) in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate cytotoxicities against L1210, whereas they showed weak activities against human cancer cell lines. However, compound 3 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities both in murine and in human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Korea
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26
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Lee CO. Gynecologic cancers: Part. II--risk assessment and screening. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2000; 4:73-7. [PMID: 11107379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Screening interventions for gynecologic cancers involve identifying risk factors and high-risk groups of women, counseling for risk factor reduction, and recommending early detection strategies. All nurses can conduct gynecologic risk assessments, and advanced practice nurses can perform physical exams. All women must be knowledgeable about risk factors because gynecologic cancers are curable when diagnosed in the early stages. Nursing interventions include developing culturally sensitive programs and educational materials for targeted populations and educating women in all groups to raise awareness about gynecologic cancer risks.
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27
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Abstract
The cytotoxicities of pyridino[2,3-f]indole-4,9-dione derivatives were examined against human lung tumor cell lines (A 549), human ovarian tumor cell lines (SK-OV-3), human melanoma tumor cell lines (SK-MEL-2), human CNS tumor cell lines (XF 498) and human colon tumor cell lines (HCT 15) in vitro using a Sulforhodamine B assay. 3-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyridino[2,3-f]ind ole-4,9-dione (5) showed excellent cytotoxicity against XF 498 and HCT 15. The ED50 values of 5 were 0.006 microg/ml against XF 498 and 0.073 microg/ml against HCT 15, while those of doxorubicin were 0.012 and 0.264 microg/ml, respectively. 1-Benzyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-1H-pyridino[2,3-f]indole-4,9-di one (7) (ED50 value 0.065 microg/ml) was also significantly more cytotoxic against HCT 15 compared with doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Suh
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Lee CO. Gynecologic cancers: Part. I--Risk factors. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2000; 4:67-71. [PMID: 11107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers will account for approximately 81,000 new cases of cancer this year. Although much is known about the risk factors for cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, less is known about vaginal and vulvar cancer risk factors. Generally, risk factors and associations for gynecologic cancers are behavioral, reproductive, hormonal, and genetic related. Research continues to verify and refute the impact of certain factors. All nurses must be knowledgeable about the risk factors and associations for these cancers.
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29
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Abstract
6-Arylamino-7-halo-5,8-quinolinediones (4a-4k, 5a-5b) were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against human solid tumor cell lines such as A 549 (non-small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovarian), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), HCT-15 (colon) and XF 498 (CNS) by SRB assay. The arylamino-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinediones 4 were also evaluated for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK2 and CDK4) inhibitory effect. Among them, the 5,8-quinolinediones 4a and 5a with 7-(4-fluorophenyl)amino group were found to be potent cytotoxic against HCT 15, SKOV-3 and XF 498, and the compounds 4f and 4i showed inhibitory activities for the CDK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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30
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Jung SH, Kwak SJ, Kim ND, Lee SU, Lee CO. Stereochemical requirement at 4-position of 4-phenyl-1-arylsulfonylimidazolidinones for their cytotoxicities. Arch Pharm Res 2000; 23:35-41. [PMID: 10728654 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the stereochemical requirements of planar structure at 4-position of 4-phenyl-1-arylsulfonylimidazolidinones (1) for their cytoxicities against human cancer cell lines, the size, the distance from imidazolidinone ring, and the conformation of this moiety were variegated. Replacement of phenyl moiety with naphthyl in compounds 2 and 3 or benzyl moiety in compound 4 sharply reduced activity of 1. Conformational restriction on phenyl ring in compound 5 also resulted in the loss of activity of 1. Therefore, phenyl moiety without any substituents directly attached to imidazolidinone ring of 1 should be considered as an essential pharmacophore for this analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Korea.
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31
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Lee BH, Shin HS, Lee CO, Park SH, Yoo SE, Yi KY, Jung NP, Choi SU. Effects of KR-30035, a novel multidrug-resistance modulator, on the cardiovascular system of rats in vivo and on the cell cycle of human cancer cells in vitro. Anticancer Drugs 2000; 11:55-61. [PMID: 10757564 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200001000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the adverse effects of KR-30035, a multidrug-resistance modulator, on the cardiovascular system in vivo, along with its effect on paclitaxel-induced cell cycle arrest in cultured cancer cells. In anesthetized rats, KR-30035 was about 10-fold less potent than verapamil in lowering blood pressure (i.v. ED20: 0.320+/-0.052 and 0.034+/-0.005 mg/kg, respectively) and in producing electrocardiogram changes. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats, verapamil caused a significant antihypertensive effects at the doses tested (p.o. ED20, 7.8+/-4.0 mg/kg), whereas KR-30035 did not significantly change either the blood pressure or the heart rate at any doses tested (up to 100 mg/kg). The estimated i.v. LD50 values in mice were 5.9 and 48.9 mg/kg for verapamil and KR-30035, respectively. In the presence of 10 microM KR-30035, paclitaxel (1 microM) when added to cultures of HCT15/CL02 human cancer cells greatly shifted the cell population from the G0/G1 phases towards G2/M phases (from 42.4, 30.3 and 27.3 to 14.6, 21.5 and 63.9% for the G0/G1, S and G2/M phases, respectively), with a similar magnitude to that of 10 microM verapamil (14.0, 15.7 and 70.3%, respectively). These results suggest that KR-30035 has weaker in vivo effects on the cardiovascular system compared with verapamil, while potentiating the G2/M arresting effect of paclitaxel on the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Lee
- Screening and Toxicology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yusong, Taejon
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32
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Choi SU, Ryu SY, Yoon SK, Jung NP, Park SH, Kim KH, Choi EJ, Lee CO. Effects of flavonoids on the growth and cell cycle of cancer cells. Anticancer Res 1999; 19:5229-33. [PMID: 10697540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicities of flavone (F01), 3-hydroxyflavone (F02), 6- hydroxyflavone (F03), 7-hydroxyflavone (F04), 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (F05), 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (F06) and 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone (F07) to human cancer cells including P- glycoprotein (Pgp)-expressing HCT15 cells and its multidrug resistant subline, HCT15/CL02 cells. We also examined the effects of those flavonoids on the cell cycle of these cancer cells. HCT15/CL02 cells did not reveal resistance to all the flavonoids tested in comparison with HCT15 cells. In cell cycle analysis, all the flavonoids tested, except F01 and F04, reduced the G0/G1 population of SF295 cells at growth inhibitory concentrations, and increased G2/M (F02, F03 and F06) or S (F05 and F07) populations. In addition, F02 and F03 decreased the G2/M and G0/G1 population, and increased the S and G2/M population in HCT15 cells, respectively. Meanwhile, in HCT15/CL02 cells, F02 and F03 decreased the G0/G1 populations and increased the S population. In conclusion, we deemed that the flavonoids tested had diverse cytotoxic mechanisms, and exerted their cell growth inhibitory or killing activity by distinctive ways in different cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Choi
- Pharmaceutical Screening Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yusong, Taejon, Korea.
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33
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Abstract
The, 3'-N-acyl-N-debenzoylpaclitaxel analogues 1a-d were synthesized and evaluated on biological systems. Some of the analogues 1a-d exhibited higher cytotoxicities (up to 20-fold) and stronger abilities to induce apoptosis than paclitaxel. In an in vivo experiment against i.p. implanted B16 melanoma, the most cytotoxic compound 1b in vitro caused tumor growth inhibition more than paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Roh
- Life Sciences Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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34
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Kim D, Lee IS, Jung JH, Lee CO, Choi SU. Psammaplin A, a natural phenolic compound, has inhibitory effect on human topoisomerase II and is cytotoxic to cancer cells. Anticancer Res 1999; 19:4085-90. [PMID: 10628358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the topoisomerase II (Topo II) inhibitory activity of psammaplin A (PSA), a naturally occurring biphenolic compound, and its cytotoxicity to some human cancer cells including P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-overexpressing multidrug resistant (MDR) cell line. PSA completely inhibited the DNA relaxation activity of Topo II at 75.0 microM. It also completely inhibited the DNA decatenation activity of Topo II at 75.0 microM, and showed about 50% inhibitory activity at 18.8 microM. In the cytotoxicity assay, the effective concentrations that cause 50% inhibition of cell growth (EC50) were 0.48, 0.39, 1.83 and 3.76 microM to A549, SK-OV-3, HCT15 and HCT15/CL02 (MDR cell line established from HCT15 cells) cancer cells, respectively. In the presence of 8.0 microM of verapamil (VER), a well-known MDR modulator, the EC50 of PSA to HCT15/CL02 cells was reduced about 2.1 fold. Meanwhile, the EC50s of standard Topo II inhibitory drugs such as doxorubicin, etoposide and mitoxantrone to HCT15/CL02 cells were reduced about 8.5, 9.3 and 8.1 fold in the presence of 8.0 microM VER, respectively. From the results, we conclude that PSA has Topo II inhibitory activity, and its cytotoxicity to cancer cells is not so strongly affected by Pgp-associated MDR phenotype in comparison with some Topo II inhibitory anticancer drugs used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Pharmaceutical Screening Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejon, Korea
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35
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Abstract
New polyacetylenic alcohols with a C(45) carbon skeleton (2) and with an enone moiety in the alkyl chain (C(46), 1) were isolated from the marine sponge Petrosia sp. The gross structures of 1 and 2 were established by spectral methods, and the absolute stereochemistry was determined by the modified Mosher's method. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed considerable cytotoxicity against a small panel of human solid tumor cell lines. Significant inhibitions on DNA replication by 1 and 2 were also observed which could be explanative of their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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36
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Abstract
We have investigated the effect of external H+ concentration ([H+]o) on the human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) current (IHERG), the molecular equivalent of the cardiac delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr), expressed in Xenopus oocytes, using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. When [H+]o was increased, the amplitude of the IHERG elicited by depolarization decreased, and the rate of current decay on repolarization was accelerated. The activation curve shifted to a more positive potential at lower external pH (pHo) values (the potential required for half-maximum activation, V1/2, was: -41.8 mV, -38.0 mV, -33.7 mV, -26.7 mV in pHo 8.0, 7.0, 6.6, 6.2, respectively). The maximum conductance (gmax) was also affected by [H+]o: a reduction of 7.9%, 14.6%, and 22.8% was effected by decreasing pHo from 8.0 to 7.0, 6.6, and 6.2, respectively. We then tested whether this pH effect was affected by the external Ca2+ concentration, which is also known to block HERG channels. When the extracellular Ca2+ concentration was increased from 0.5 mM to 5 mM, the shift in V1/2 caused by increasing [H+]o was attenuated, suggesting that these two ions compete for the same binding site. On the other hand, the decrease in gmax caused by increasing [H+]o was not significantly affected by changing external Ca2+ levels. The results indicate that HERG channels are inhibited by [H+]o by two different mechanisms: voltage-dependent blockade (shift of V1/2) and the decrease in gmax. With respect to the voltage-dependent blockade, the interaction between H+ and Ca2+ is competitive, whereas for the decreasing gmax, their interaction is non-competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jo
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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37
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Choi SU, Kim KH, Choi EJ, Park SH, Lee CO, Jung NP, Yoon SK, Ryu SY. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) does not affect the cytotoxicity of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens, which also have no effects on Pgp action. Anticancer Res 1999; 19:2035-40. [PMID: 10470145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Sophoraflavanone, kurarinone (GS08), norkurarinol (GS11), kurarinol (GS12) and kushenol K are cytotoxic flavonoids isolated from Sophora flavescens. In this study, we tested the cytotoxicity of those flavonoids to human cancer cells including P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-expressing HCT15 cells and its multidrug resistant subline, HCT15/CL02 cells. HCT15/CL02 cells revealed resistance to GS08, GS11 and GS12 about 2 fold in comparison with HCT15 cells. Nonetheless, verapamil, a Pgp inhibitor, could not increase the cytotoxicity of all the flavonoids tested. We also investigated that the flavonoids could modulate the Pgp action. At nontoxic concentrations, the flavonoids could not effect on the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel, a well-known Pgp-substrate. The flavonoids also had no effects on the accumulation of rhodamine 123 in all the cells tested at 10 microM. From the results, we concluded that Pgp had no effect on the cytotoxicity of the flavonoids, and the flavonoids also had no effect on the action of Pgp. Our results also suggested that HCT15/CL02 cells had additional mechanisms for drug resistance distinct from Pgp overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Choi
- Pharmaceutical Screening Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yusong, Taejon, Korea.
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38
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Abstract
6-Chloro-7-arylamino-5,8-isoquinolinediones were newly synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against five human solid tumor cell lines. Among them, 5b, 5c and 5d exhibited potent activities against the cell lines HCT-15 and SK-MEL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemunku, Seoul, Korea
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39
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Abstract
A new acyclic diterpene (1) and a known acyclic diterpene, 12(S)-hydroxygeranylgeraniol (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Carpesium divaricatum. The structure of 1 was determined to be (2E,10E)-1,12-dihydroxy-18-acetoxy-3,7,15-trimethylhexadeca- 2,10,14-triene (1) on the basis of spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxicity against cultured human tumor cell lines, A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15, with ED50 values ranging from 4.3-10.2 micrograms/ml and 4.1-8.3 micrograms/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Zee
- Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Suwon, Korea
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40
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Abstract
We have investigated actions of various divalent cations (Ba2+, Sr2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) on human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using the voltage clamp technique. All divalent cations inhibited HERG current dose-dependently in a voltage-dependent manner. The concentration for half-maximum inhibition (Ki) decreased at more negative potentials, indicating block is facilitated by hyperpolarization. Ki at 0 mV for Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, and Sr2+ was 0.19, 0.36, 0. 50, 0.58, 2.36, and 6.47 mM, respectively. The effects were manifested in four ways: 1) right shift of voltage dependence of activation, 2) decrease of maximum conductance, 3) acceleration of current decay, and 4) slowing of activation. However, each parameter was not affected by each cation to the same extent. The potency for the shift of voltage dependence of activation was in the order Zn2+ > Ni2+ >/= Co2+ > Ba2+ > Mn2+ > Sr2+, whereas the potency for the decrease of maximum conductance was Zn2+ > Ba2+ > Sr2+ > Co2+ > Mn2+. The kinetics of activation and deactivation were also affected, but the two parameters are not affected to the same extent. Slowing of activation by Ba2+ was most distinct, causing a marked initial delay of current onset. From these results we concluded that HERG channels are nonselectively blocked by most divalent cations from the external side, and several different mechanism are involved in their actions. There exist at least two distinct binding sites for their action: one for the voltage-dependent effect and the other for reducing maximum conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Ho
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Abstract
Three C46 (1-3) and three C30 (4-6) polyacetylenic alcohols with cytotoxic activity against a small panel of human solid-tumor cell lines have been isolated from the marine sponge Petrosia sp. Although compound 1 was identified as the stereoisomer of petrocortyne A, the structures of compounds 2-5 have not been previously reported and were established by spectral methods. Compound 6 was identified as the known compound petrosiacetylene D. The stereochemistry of compounds 1-5 was determined by the modified Mosher's method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kim
- Research Institute of Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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42
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Choi SU, Kim KH, Choi EJ, Park SH, Kim KM, Shon YS, Lee CO. Cytotoxicity of two novel cisplatin analogues, (CPA)2Pt[DOLYM] and (DACH)Pt[DOLYM], to human cancer cells in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 1999; 22:151-6. [PMID: 10230505 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the impressive antitumor activity of cisplatin, two major limitations of the drug, that is severe side effects and drug-resistance of cancer cells, make its use difficult for cancer therapy. These limitations have resulted in a great deal of effort having been expended into structural modifications of cisplatin. In this study, we tested two novel cisplatin analogues, (CPA)2Pt [DOLYM] (COMP-I) and (DACH)Pt[DOLYM] (COMP-II), for the mode of cytotoxic action against human tumor cells comparing with cisplatin and carboplatin in vitro. These two novel analogues had considerable cytotoxic activities against five kinds of human solid tumor cells, and especially COMP-II was more effective on HCT15 colon cancer cells than other compounds. In addition, COMP-II had cytostatic activity at low concentrations (10-0.3 microgram/ml), but other compounds revealed little effect on tumor growth at the low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Choi
- Pharmaceutical Screening Lab., Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejeon, Korea
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43
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Abstract
The effects of ET-1 on contraction, Ca2+ transient and L-type Ca2+ current (ICa.L) were studied in single cells isolated from ventricles of guinea-pig hearts. The aim of our study was to elucidate the mechanism of the positive inotropic effect during endothelin receptor stimulation by focusing on the role of PKC. ET-1 at concentrations of 5 and 10 nM produced a biphasic pattern of inotropism: a first decrease in contraction by 34.4 +/- 2.5% of the control followed by a sustained increase in contraction by 66.6 +/- 8.4% (mean +/- SEM, n = 9). The Ca2+ transient decreased by 13.5 +/- 1.0% during the negative inotropic phase, while it increased by 58.1 +/- 8.4% (n = 10) during the positive inotropic phase. Using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique with conventional microelectrodes, the application of ET-1 (5 nM) increased the ICa.L by 32.6 +/- 5.1% (n = 10), which was preceded by a short-lived decrease in ICa.L. Incubation of myocytes with pertussis toxin (PTX, at 2 micrograms/ml for > 3 h at 35 degrees C) failed to block the ET-1-induced enhancement of ICa.L. The increases in contraction, Ca2+ transient, and ICa.L by ET-1 were inhibited by pretreatment with 5-N-methyl-N-isobutyl amiloride (MIA; 10 microM), an amiloride analog, and a novel selective Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor HOE694 (10 microM). To determine whether activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is responsible for the enhancement of ICa.L by ET-1, we tested a PKC inhibitor, GF109203X, and found that it does exert an inhibitory effect on the ET-1-induced ICa.L increase. Our study suggests that during ET receptor stimulation an increase in ICa.L due to stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange via PKC activation causes an increase in Ca2+ transients and thereby in the contractile force of the ventricular myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
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44
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Abstract
A new bithiazole, KR-025 (1), was isolated from Myxococcus fulvus. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. In addition to 1, the strain produced relatively large quantities of a second, closely related antibiotic, myxothiazol. These compounds demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ahn
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Taejon 305-600, Korea.
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45
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Woo SH, Lee CO. Role of PKC in the effects of alpha1-adrenergic stimulation on Ca2+ transients, contraction and Ca2+ current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Pflugers Arch 1999; 437:335-44. [PMID: 9914389 DOI: 10.1007/s004240050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of alpha1-adrenoceptor stimulation on intracellular Ca2+ transients, contractility and L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) were studied in single cells isolated from ventricles of guinea-pig hearts. The aim of our study was to elucidate the mechanisms of the positive inotropic effect of alpha1-adrenergic stimulation by focussing on the role of protein kinase C (PKC). Phenylephrine, an alpha1-adrenergic agonist, at concentrations of 50-100 microM elicited a biphasic inotropic response: a transient negative inotropic response (22.9+/-6.0% of control) followed by a sustained positive inotropic response (61.0+/-8.4%, mean+/-SE, n=12). The Ca2+ transient decreased by 10.2+/-3.9% during the negative inotropic phase, while it increased by 67.7+/-10% (n=12) during the positive inotropic phase. These effects were inhibited by prazosin (1 microM), a alpha1-adrenergic antagonist. Phenylephrine increased the ICa,L by 60.8+/-21% (n=5) during the positive inotropic phase. To determine whether activation of PKC is responsible for the increases in Ca2+ transients, contractile amplitude and ICa,L during alpha1-adrenoceptor stimulation, we tested the effects of 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, and of bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X) and staurosporine, both of which are PKC inhibitors. PMA mimicked phenylephrine's effects on Ca2+ transients, contractile amplitude and ICa,L. PMA (100 nM) increased the Ca2+ transient, contractile amplitude and ICa,L by 131+/-17%, 137+/-25% (n=8), and 81.1+/-26% (n=5), respectively. Prior exposure to GF109203X (1 microM) or staurosporine (10 nM) prevented the phenylephrine-induced increases in Ca2+ transients, contractile amplitude and ICa,L. Our study suggests that during alpha1-adrenoceptor stimulation increase in ICa,L via PKC causes an increase in Ca2+ transients and thereby in the contractile force of the ventricular myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Woo
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Hyoja Dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
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46
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Choi HS, Wang DY, Noble D, Lee CO. Effect of isoprenaline, carbachol, and Cs+ on Na+ activity and pacemaker potential in rabbit SA node cells. Am J Physiol 1999; 276:H205-14. [PMID: 9887034 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.1.h205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effects of isoprenaline, carbachol, and Cs+ on intracellular Na+ activity (a(i)Na) and spontaneous action potentials were studied in multicellular and single cell preparations isolated from rabbit sinoatrial (SA) nodes. a(i)Na was measured with double-barreled Na+-selective microelectrodes and the fluorescent Na+-indicator sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI). In spontaneously beating cells, aiNa measured with Na+-selective microelectrodes and SBFI were 4.5 +/- 1.2 mM (means +/- SD, n = 21) in multicellular preparations and 4.0 +/- 1.1 mM (n = 16) in single cells, respectively. Measurements of a(i)Na with microelectrodes showed that isoprenaline increased a(i)Na from 4.7 +/- 1.2 to 5.5 +/- 1.6 mM (n = 16, P < 0.01) and shortened the action potential cycle length (ACL) from 338 +/- 46 to 269 +/- 35 ms (n = 16, P < 0.01). However, increasing the action potential rate by pacing produced a much smaller increase in a(i)Na. Changes in a(i)Na and ACL produced by isoprenaline were blocked by Cs+. The selective hyperpolarization-activated inward current (If) blocker ZD-7288 decreased a(i)Na from 5.2 +/- 1.0 to 4.6 +/- 1.3 mM (n = 4, P < 0.01) and prolonged ACL from 394 +/- 20 to 553 +/- 68 ms (n = 4, P < 0.01). The If blocker substantially inhibited the increase in a(i)Na produced by isoprenaline. Carbachol and Cs+ decreased aiNa from 4.6 +/- 1.4 to 3.9 +/- 1.2 mM (n = 15, P < 0.01) and from 4.9 +/- 1.0 to 3.9 +/- 1.3 mM (n = 18, P < 0.01), respectively. In addition, carbachol and Cs+ prolonged ACL from 345 +/- 44 to 587 +/- 100 ms (n = 15, P < 0.01) and from 353 +/- 30 to 464 +/- 87 ms (n = 18, P < 0.01), respectively. However, carbachol and Cs+ almost did not change a(i)Na when SA node cells became quiescent in a 25.4 mM extracellular K+ concentration. The results suggest that isoprenaline, ZD-7288, carbachol, or Cs+ might have changed a(i)Na and action potential rate by possibly stimulating or inhibiting If carried by Na+. Measurements of a(i)Na with SBFI showed that isoprenaline, carbachol, and Cs+ produced a(i)Na changes that were similar to those measured with the microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Choi
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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47
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Cho WJ, Kim EK, Park MJ, Choi SU, Lee CO, Cheon SH, Choi BG, Chung BH. Synthesis and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of antitumor 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:2449-58. [PMID: 9925301 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)80019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study a series of 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives were synthesized and cytotoxicity against human melanoma tumor cell evaluated, and a three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship was investigated using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The results suggested that the electrostatic, steric and hydrophobic factors of 3-arylisoquinolines were strongly correlated with the antitumor activity. Considerable predictive ability (cross-validated r2 as high as 0.721) was obtained through CoMFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea.
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48
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Abstract
Cytosolic free Ca2+ plays important roles in the regulation of physiological processes in tracheal epithelial cells and is probably regulated by many ion-transporting ATPases in these cells. Therefore, the effect of vanadate was investigated to characterize microsomal ion-transporting ATPases. Dose response experiments showed that vanadate had a biphasic effect on the microsomal ATPase activity: a decrease at the vanadate concentration below 100 microM, and a steep decrease at the concentration above 100 microM. The dose response data were fitted to two sigmoidal functions, corresponding to a low-affinity vanadate-sensitive (LAVS) ATPase and a high-affinity vanadate-sensitive (HAVS) ATPase. In 45Ca2+ uptake experiments, both LAVS and HAVS ATPases mediated microsomal 45Ca2+ uptake. The LAVS ATPase was selectively sensitive to thapsigargin in both ATPase activity and 45Ca2+ uptake, suggesting that it is an ER/SR-type intracellular Ca2+-ATPase. Although the HAVS ATPase mediated one-fourth of microsomal 45Ca2+ uptake, its activity was not sensitive to thapsigargin. These results indicate that the activities of these two vanadate-sensitive ATPases are mediated by different enzymes, since thapsigargin only blocks the activity of LAVS ATPase. In conclusion, there are two types of vanadate-sensitive microsomal ATPases, and these ATPases mediate microsomal 45Ca2+ uptake in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea. .
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49
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Chun MW, Olmstead KK, Choi Y, Lee CO, Lee CK, Kim JH, Lee J. Synthesis and biological activity of 5-hydroxy-4-quinolones and 5-methoxy-4-quinolones as truncated acridones. Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21:445-51. [PMID: 9875474 DOI: 10.1007/bf02974641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5-hydroxy-4-quinolone (3) and 5-methoxy-4-quinolone (4) derivatives were synthesized as truncated acridone analogues and evaluated for antitumor, antiherpes and antituberculosis activities. Among them 5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-quinolone showed potent antitumor activity (IC50 = 17.7 microM for HL60) which was greater than that of acronycine. However, these compounds didn't show any significant antiherpes or antituberculosis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea
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50
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Abstract
The crude extract of Saussurea lappa displayed significant lethality to brine shrimp larvae. Investigation of the causative components by bioactivity-directed fractionation resulted in the isolation of three C17-polyene alcohols. Based on various nmr spectral data, these compounds were identified as shikokiols which had been previously isolated from Cirsium nipponicum and/or Centaurea aegyptica. These C17-polyene alcohols exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against the human tumor cell lines, A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Korea
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