1
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Wang C, Liu Y, Huang T, Feng Y, Wang Z, Lu R, Jiang S. Sulfuric acid-dimethylamine particle formation enhanced by functional organic acids: an integrated experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23540-23550. [PMID: 36129069 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01671k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF), which has been observed globally in clean and polluted environments, is an important source of boundary-layer aerosol particles and cloud condensation nuclei, but the fundamental mechanisms leading to multi-component aerosol formation have not been well understood. Here, we use experiments and quantum chemical calculations to better understand the involvement of carboxylic acids in initial NPF from gas phase mixtures of carboxylic acid, sulfuric acid (SA), dimethylamine, and water. A turbulent flow tube coupled to an ultrafine condensation particle counter with particle size magnifier has been set up to measure NPF. Experimental results show that pyruvic acid (PA), succinic acid (SUA), and malic acid (MA) can enhance sulfuric acid-dimethylamine nucleation in the order PA < SUA < MA with a greater enhancement observed at lower SA concentrations. Computational results indicate that the carboxylic and hydroxyl groups are related to the enhancement. This experiment-theory study shows the formation of multi-component aerosol particles and the role of the organic functional group, which may aid in understanding the role of organics in aerosol nucleation and growth in polluted areas, and help to choose organic molecules of specific structures for simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China. .,School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei, Anhui, 238024, China
| | - Yirong Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Yajuan Feng
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Zhongquan Wang
- Department of Physics, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China
| | - Runqi Lu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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2
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Hegen O, Salazar Gómez JI, Schlögl R, Ruland H. The potential of NO + and O 2 +• in switchable reagent ion proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21770. [PMID: 35076949 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry with switchable reagent ion capability (PTR+SRI-MS) are analytical techniques for real-time qualification and quantification of compounds in gas samples with trace level concentrations. In the detection process, neutral compounds-mainly volatile organic compounds-are ionized via chemical ionization with ionic reagents or primary ions. The most common reagent ions are H3 O+ , NO+ and O2 +• . While ionization with H3 O+ occurs by means of proton transfer, the ionization via NO+ and O2 +• offers a larger variety on ionization pathways, as charge transfer, hydride abstraction and so on are possible. The distribution of the reactant into various reaction channels depends not only on the usage of either NO+ or O2 +• , but also on the class of analyte compounds. Furthermore, the choice of the reaction conditions as well as the choice of either SIFT-MS or PTR+SRI-MS might have a large impact on the resulting products. Therefore, an overview of both NO+ and O2 +• as reagent ions is given, showing differences between SIFT-MS and PTR+SRI-MS as used analytical methods revealing the potential how the knowledge obtained with H3 O+ for different classes of compounds can be extended with the usage of NO+ and O2 +• .
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hegen
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Deutschland
| | - Jorge I Salazar Gómez
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Deutschland
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Deutschland
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Ruland
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Deutschland
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3
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Jaoui M, Piletic IR, Szmigielski R, Rudzinski KJ, Lewandowski M, Riedel TP, Kleindienst TE. Rapid production of highly oxidized molecules in isoprene aerosol via peroxy and alkoxy radical isomerization pathways in low and high NO x environments: Combined laboratory, computational and field studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145592. [PMID: 34380608 PMCID: PMC8363757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we identified seven novel hydroxy-carboxylic acids resulting from gas-phase reactions of isoprene in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), and/or hydroxyl radicals (OH). In the present study, we provide evidence that hydroxy-carboxylic acids, namely methyltartaric acids (MTA) are: (1) reliable isoprene tracers, (2) likely produced via rapid peroxy radical hydrogen atom (H) shift reactions (autoxidation mechanism) and analogous alkoxy radical H shifts in low and high NOx environments respectively and (3) representative of aged ambient aerosol in the low NOx regime. Firstly, MTA are reliable tracers of isoprene aerosol because they have been identified in numerous chamber experiments involving isoprene conducted under a wide range of conditions and are absent in the oxidation of mono- and sesquiterpenes. They are also present in numerous samples of ambient aerosol collected during the past 20 years at several locations in the U.S. and Europe. Furthermore, MTA concentrations measured during a year-long field study in Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC in 2003 show a seasonal trend consistent with isoprene emissions and photochemical activity. Secondly, an analysis of chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) data of several chamber experiments in low and high NOx environments show that highly oxidized molecules (HOMs) derived from isoprene that lead to MTAs may be produced rapidly and considered as early generation isoprene oxidation products in the gas phase. Density functional theory calculations show that rapid intramolecular H shifts involving peroxy and alkoxy radicals possess low barriers for methyl-hydroxy-butenals (MHBs) that may represent precursors for MTA. From these results, a viable rapid H shift mechanism is proposed to occur that produces isoprene derived HOMs like MTA. Finally, an analysis of the mechanism shows that autoxidation-like pathways in low and high NOx may produce HOMs in a few OH oxidation steps like commonly detected methyl tetrol (MT) isoprene tracers. The ratio of MTA/MT in isoprene aerosol is also shown to be significantly greater in field versus chamber samples indicating the importance of such pathways in the atmosphere even for smaller hydrocarbons like isoprene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jaoui
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America.
| | - Ivan R Piletic
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Rafal Szmigielski
- Environmental Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Rudzinski
- Environmental Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Lewandowski
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Theran P Riedel
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Tadeusz E Kleindienst
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
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4
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Ma F, Guo X, Xia D, Xie HB, Wang Y, Elm J, Chen J, Niu J. Atmospheric Chemistry of Allylic Radicals from Isoprene: A Successive Cyclization-Driven Autoxidation Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4399-4409. [PMID: 33769798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric chemistry of isoprene has broad implications for regional air quality and the global climate. Allylic radicals, taking 13-17% yield in the isoprene oxidation by •Cl, can contribute as much as 3.6-4.9% to all possible formed intermediates in local regions at daytime. Considering the large quantity of isoprene emission, the chemistry of the allylic radicals is therefore highly desirable. Here, we investigated the atmospheric oxidation mechanism of the allylic radicals using quantum chemical calculations and kinetics modeling. The results indicate that the allylic radicals can barrierlessly combine with O2 to form peroxy radicals (RO2•). Under ≤100 ppt NO and ≤50 ppt HO2• conditions, the formed RO2• mainly undergo two times "successive cyclization and O2 addition" to finally form the product fragments 2-alkoxy-acetaldehyde (C2H3O2•) and 3-hydroperoxy-2-oxopropanal (C3H4O4). The presented reaction illustrates a novel successive cyclization-driven autoxidation mechanism. The formed 3-hydroperoxy-2-oxopropanal product is a new isomer of the atmospheric C3H4O4 family and a potential aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol precursor. Under >100 ppt NO condition, NO can mediate the cyclization-driven autoxidation process to form C5H7NO3, C5H7NO7, and alkoxy radical-related products. The proposed novel autoxidation mechanism advances our current understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of both isoprene and RO2•.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xirui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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5
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Li Y, Ji Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Shi Q, Peng J, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang F, Wang Y, Seinfeld JH, Zhang R. Unexpected Oligomerization of Small α-Dicarbonyls for Secondary Organic Aerosol and Brown Carbon Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4430-4439. [PMID: 33721996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of small α-dicarbonyls (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) are produced in the atmosphere from photochemical oxidation of biogenic isoprene and anthropogenic aromatics, but the fundamental mechanisms leading to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) formation remain elusive. Methylglyoxal is commonly believed to be less reactive than glyoxal because of unreactive methyl substitution, and available laboratory measurements showed negligible aerosol growth from methylglyoxal. Herein, we present experimental results to demonstrate striking oligomerization of small α-dicarbonyls leading to SOA and BrC formation on sub-micrometer aerosols. Significantly more efficient growth and browning of aerosols occur upon exposure to methylglyoxal than glyoxal under atmospherically relevant concentrations and in the absence/presence of gas-phase ammonia and formaldehyde, and nonvolatile oligomers and light-absorbing nitrogen-heterocycles are identified as the dominant particle-phase products. The distinct aerosol growth and light absorption are attributed to carbenium ion-mediated nucleophilic addition, interfacial electric field-induced attraction, and synergetic oligomerization involving organic/inorganic species, leading to surface- or volume-limited reactions that are dependent on the reactivity and gaseous concentrations. Our findings resolve an outstanding discrepancy concerning the multiphase chemistry of small α-dicarbonyls and unravel a new avenue for SOA and BrC formation from atmospherically abundant, ubiquitous carbonyls and ammonia/ammonium sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yuan Wang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Qiuju Shi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianfei Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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6
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Peng J, Hu M, Shang D, Wu Z, Du Z, Tan T, Wang Y, Zhang F, Zhang R. Explosive Secondary Aerosol Formation during Severe Haze in the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2189-2207. [PMID: 33539077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe haze events with exceedingly high-levels of fine aerosols occur frequently over the past decades in the North China Plain (NCP), exerting profound impacts on human health, weather, and climate. The development of effective mitigation policies requires a comprehensive understanding of the haze formation mechanisms, including identification and quantification of the sources, formation, and transformation of the aerosol species. Haze evolution in this region exhibits distinct physical and chemical characteristics from clean to polluted periods, as evident from increasing stagnation and relative humidity, but decreasing solar radiation as well as explosive secondary aerosol formation. The latter is attributed to highly elevated concentrations of aerosol precursor gases and is reflected by rapid increases in the particle number and mass concentrations, both corresponding to nonequilibrium chemical processes. Considerable new knowledge has been acquired to understand the processes regulating haze formation, particularly in light of the progress in elucidating the aerosol formation mechanisms. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding secondary aerosol formation, by highlighting several critical chemical/physical processes, that is, new particle formation and aerosol growth driven by photochemistry and aqueous chemistry as well as the interaction between aerosols and atmospheric stability. Current challenges and future research priorities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongjie Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuofei Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyi Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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7
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Carbenium ion-mediated oligomerization of methylglyoxal for secondary organic aerosol formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13294-13299. [PMID: 32493751 PMCID: PMC7306812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912235117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from photochemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds represents one of the most dominant constituents of fine particulate matter in the troposphere, with profound implications for air quality and climate. However, the fundamental chemical mechanisms leading to SOA formation remain highly uncertain. Here, we show oligomer formation from methylglyoxal with the carbenium ions as the key intermediate using quantum chemical calculations. This cationic oligomerization is demonstrated to proceed via barrierless pathways and occurs at fast rates on weakly acidic aqueous aerosols and/or cloud droplets under typical tropospheric conditions. In contrast to a previously proposed hydration mechanism, out results reveal that the carbenium ion-mediated oligomerization of methylglyoxal provides a major SOA source from anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) represents a major constituent of tropospheric fine particulate matter, with profound implications for human health and climate. However, the chemical mechanisms leading to SOA formation remain uncertain, and atmospheric models consistently underpredict the global SOA budget. Small α-dicarbonyls, such as methylglyoxal, are ubiquitous in the atmosphere because of their significant production from photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons from traffic and industrial sources as well as from biogenic isoprene. Current experimental and theoretical results on the roles of methylglyoxal in SOA formation are conflicting. Using quantum chemical calculations, we show cationic oligomerization of methylglyoxal in aqueous media. Initial protonation and hydration of methylglyoxal lead to formation of diols/tetrol, and subsequent protonation and dehydration of diols/tetrol yield carbenium ions, which represent the key intermediates for formation and propagation of oligomerization. On the other hand, our results reveal that the previously proposed oligomerization via hydration for methylglyoxal is kinetically and thermodynamically implausible. The carbenium ion-mediated mechanism occurs barrierlessly on weakly acidic aerosols and cloud/fog droplets and likely provides a key pathway for SOA formation from biogenic and anthropogenic emissions.
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8
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Peng Z, Jimenez JL. Radical chemistry in oxidation flow reactors for atmospheric chemistry research. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2570-2616. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00766k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We summarize the studies on the chemistry in oxidation flow reactor and discuss its atmospheric relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Peng
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
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9
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Manjón‐Mata I, Quirós MT, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Regioselective Iron‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Propargylic Bromides and Aryl Grignard Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Manjón‐Mata
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Teresa Quirós
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Diego J. Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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10
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Otto T, Schaefer T, Herrmann H. Aqueous-Phase Oxidation of cis-β-Isoprene Epoxydiol by Hydroxyl Radicals and Its Impact on Atmospheric Isoprene Processing. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10599-10608. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
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11
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Wennberg PO, Bates KH, Crounse JD, Dodson LG, McVay RC, Mertens LA, Nguyen TB, Praske E, Schwantes RH, Smarte MD, St Clair JM, Teng AP, Zhang X, Seinfeld JH. Gas-Phase Reactions of Isoprene and Its Major Oxidation Products. Chem Rev 2018. [PMID: 29522327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isoprene carries approximately half of the flux of non-methane volatile organic carbon emitted to the atmosphere by the biosphere. Accurate representation of its oxidation rate and products is essential for quantifying its influence on the abundance of the hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrogen oxide free radicals (NO x), ozone (O3), and, via the formation of highly oxygenated compounds, aerosol. We present a review of recent laboratory and theoretical studies of the oxidation pathways of isoprene initiated by addition of OH, O3, the nitrate radical (NO3), and the chlorine atom. From this review, a recommendation for a nearly complete gas-phase oxidation mechanism of isoprene and its major products is developed. The mechanism is compiled with the aims of providing an accurate representation of the flow of carbon while allowing quantification of the impact of isoprene emissions on HO x and NO x free radical concentrations and of the yields of products known to be involved in condensed-phase processes. Finally, a simplified (reduced) mechanism is developed for use in chemical transport models that retains the essential chemistry required to accurately simulate isoprene oxidation under conditions where it occurs in the atmosphere-above forested regions remote from large NO x emissions.
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12
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Otto T, Stieger B, Mettke P, Herrmann H. Tropospheric Aqueous-Phase Oxidation of Isoprene-Derived Dihydroxycarbonyl Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6460-6470. [PMID: 28753026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Otto
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bastian Stieger
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Mettke
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Photochemical oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons leads to tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, with profound implications for air quality, human health, and climate. Toluene is the most abundant aromatic compound under urban environments, but its detailed chemical oxidation mechanism remains uncertain. From combined laboratory experiments and quantum chemical calculations, we show a toluene oxidation mechanism that is different from the one adopted in current atmospheric models. Our experimental work indicates a larger-than-expected branching ratio for cresols, but a negligible formation of ring-opening products (e.g., methylglyoxal). Quantum chemical calculations also demonstrate that cresols are much more stable than their corresponding peroxy radicals, and, for the most favorable OH (ortho) addition, the pathway of H extraction by O2 to form the cresol proceeds with a smaller barrier than O2 addition to form the peroxy radical. Our results reveal that phenolic (rather than peroxy radical) formation represents the dominant pathway for toluene oxidation, highlighting the necessity to reassess its role in ozone and SOA formation in the atmosphere.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Jeon
- Department of Chemistry; Korea National University of Education; Cheongju Chungbuk 28175 Republic of Korea
| | - John Roger Barker
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Kihyung Song
- Department of Chemistry; Korea National University of Education; Cheongju Chungbuk 28175 Republic of Korea
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15
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Cash JM, Heal MR, Langford B, Drewer J. A review of stereochemical implications in the generation of secondary organic aerosol from isoprene oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1369-1380. [PMID: 27762408 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00354k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric reactions leading to the generation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the oxidation of isoprene are generally assumed to produce only racemic mixtures, but aspects of the chemical reactions suggest this may not be the case. In this review, the stereochemical outcomes of published isoprene-degradation mechanisms contributing to high amounts of SOA are evaluated. Despite evidence suggesting isoprene first-generation oxidation products do not contribute to SOA directly, this review suggests the stereochemistry of first-generation products may be important because their stereochemical configurations may be retained through to the second-generation products which form SOA. Specifically, due to the stereochemistry of epoxide ring-opening mechanisms, the outcome of the reactions involving epoxydiols of isoprene (IEPOX), methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE) and hydroxymethylmethyl-α-lactone (HMML) are, in principle, stereospecific which indicates the stereochemistry is predefined from first-generation precursors. The products from these three epoxide intermediates oligomerise to form macromolecules which are proposed to form chiral structures within the aerosol and are considered to be the largest contributors to SOA. If conditions in the atmosphere such as pH, aerosol water content, relative humidity, pre-existing aerosol, aerosol coatings and aerosol cation/anion content (and other) variables acting on the reactions leading to SOA affect the tacticity (arrangement of chiral centres) in the SOA then they may influence its physical properties, for example its hygroscopicity. Chamber studies of SOA formation from isoprene encompass particular sets of controlled conditions of these variables. It may therefore be important to consider stereochemistry when upscaling from chamber study data to predictions of SOA yields across the range of ambient atmospheric conditions. Experiments analysing the stereochemistry of the reactions under varying conditions of the above variables would help elucidate whether there is stereoselectivity in SOA formation from isoprene and if the rates of SOA formation are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Cash
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK. and School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Mathew R Heal
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Ben Langford
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Julia Drewer
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK.
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16
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Zhang R, Wang G, Guo S, Zamora ML, Ying Q, Lin Y, Wang W, Hu M, Wang Y. Formation of urban fine particulate matter. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3803-55. [PMID: 25942499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Song Guo
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Hu
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- #Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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17
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Perring AE, Pusede SE, Cohen RC. An Observational Perspective on the Atmospheric Impacts of Alkyl and Multifunctional Nitrates on Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5848-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300520x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Perring
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - S. E. Pusede
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
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18
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Khalizov AF, Lin Y, Qiu C, Guo S, Collins D, Zhang R. Role of OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene in aging of combustion soot. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:2254-2263. [PMID: 23379649 DOI: 10.1021/es3045339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the contribution of OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene to the atmospheric aging of combustion soot. The experiments were conducted in a fluoropolymer chamber on size-classified soot aerosols in the presence of isoprene, photolytically generated OH, and nitrogen oxides. The evolution in the mixing state of soot was monitored from simultaneous measurements of the particle size and mass, which were used to calculate the particle effective density, dynamic shape factor, mass fractal dimension, and coating thickness. When soot particles age, the increase in mass is accompanied by a decrease in particle mobility diameter and an increase in effective density. Coating material not only fills in void spaces, but also causes partial restructuring of fractal soot aggregates. For thinly coated aggregates, the single scattering albedo increases weakly because of the decreased light absorption and practically unchanged scattering. Upon humidification, coated particles absorb water, leading to an additional compaction. Aging transforms initially hydrophobic soot particles into efficient cloud condensation nuclei at a rate that increases in the presence of nitrogen oxides. Our results suggest that ubiquitous biogenic isoprene plays an important role in aging of anthropogenic soot, shortening its atmospheric lifetime and considerably altering its impacts on air quality and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei F Khalizov
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas, 77843, United States
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19
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Fang W, Gong L, Zhang Q, Cao M, Li Y, Sheng L. Measurements of secondary organic aerosol formed from OH-initiated photo-oxidation of isoprene using online photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:3898-904. [PMID: 22397593 DOI: 10.1021/es204669d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is a significant source of atmospheric organic aerosol; however, the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and involved chemical reaction pathways have remained to be elucidated. Recent works have shown that the photo-oxidation of isoprene leads to form SOA. In this study, the chemical composition of SOA from the OH-initiated photo-oxidation of isoprene, in the absence of seed aerosols, was investigated through the controlled laboratory chamber experiments. Thermal desorption/tunable vacuum-ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (TD-VUV-TOF-PIAMS) was used in conjunction with the environmental chamber to study SOA formation. The mass spectra obtained at different photon energies and the photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectra of the SOA products can be obtained in real time. Aided by the ionization energies (IE) either from the ab initio calculations or the literatures, a number of SOA products were proposed. In addition to methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and 3-methyl-furan, carbonyls, hydroxycarbonyls, nitrates, hydroxynitrates, and other oxygenated compounds in SOA formed in laboratory photo-oxiadation experiments were identified, some of them were investigated for the first time. Detailed chemical identification of SOA is crucial for understanding the photo-oxidation mechanisms of VOCs and the eventual formation of SOA. Possible reaction mechanisms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Fang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China.
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20
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Pan G, Hu C, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Zheng X, Gu X, Zhao W, Zhang W, Chen J, Liu F, Shan X, Sheng L. Direct detection of isoprene photooxidation products by using synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:189-194. [PMID: 22173807 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the combination of a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometer, operating on the basis of synchrotron radiation, with an environmental reaction smog chamber for the first time. The gas- and pseudo-particle-phase products of OH-initiated isoprene photooxidation reactions were measured on-line and off-line, respectively, by mass spectrometry. It was observed that aldehydes, methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, methelglyoxal, formic acid, and similar compounds are the predominant gas-phase photooxidation products, whereas some multifunctional carbonyls and acids mainly exist in the particle phase. This finding is reasonably consistent with results of studies conducted in other laboratories using different methods. The results indicate that synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry coupled with a smog chamber is a potentially powerful tool for the study of the mechanism of atmospheric oxidations and the formation of secondary organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Composition and Optical Radiation, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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21
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Park C, Schade GW, Boedeker I. Characteristics of the flux of isoprene and its oxidation products in an urban area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhyoun Park
- Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Gunnar W. Schade
- Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Ian Boedeker
- Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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Zheng J, Khalizov A, Wang L, Zhang R. Atmospheric Pressure-Ion Drift Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Detection of Trace Gas Species. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7302-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101253n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Departments of Chemistry and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3150
| | - Alexei Khalizov
- Departments of Chemistry and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3150
| | - Lin Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3150
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3150
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24
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Ghosh B, Bugarin A, Connell BT, North SW. Isomer-selective study of the OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene in the presence of O(2) and NO: 2. the major OH addition channel. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2553-60. [PMID: 20121059 DOI: 10.1021/jp909052t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the first isomeric-selective study of the dominant isomeric pathway in the OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene in the presence of O2 and NO using the laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence (LP-LIF) technique. The photolysis of monodeuterated/nondeuterated 2-iodo-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol results exclusively in the dominant OH-isoprene addition product, providing important insight into the oxidation mechanism. On the basis of kinetic analysis of OH cycling experiments, we have determined the rate constant for O2 addition to the hydroxyalkyl radical to be 1.0(-0.5)+1.7 x 10(-12) cm3 s(-1), and we find a value of 8.1-2.3+3.4 x 10(-12) cm3 s(-1) for the overall reaction rate constant of the resulting hydroxyperoxy radical with NO. We also report the first clear experimental evidence of the (E) form of the delta-hydroxyalkoxy channel through isotopic labeling experiments and quantify its branching ratio to be (10 +/- 3)%. This puts a rigorous upper limit on the branching of the (E)-delta-hydroxyalkoxy radical channel. Since our measured isomeric-selective rate constants for the dominant outer channel in OH-initiated isoprene chemistry are similar to the overall rate constants derived from nonisomeric kinetics, we predict that the remaining outer addition channel will have similar reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhadeb Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
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25
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Xue H, Khalizov AF, Wang L, Zheng J, Zhang R. Effects of coating of dicarboxylic acids on the mass-mobility relationship of soot particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:2787-2792. [PMID: 19475951 DOI: 10.1021/es803287v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) and a differential mobility analyzer-aerosol particle mass analyzer (DMA-APM) have been employed to study morphology and hygroscopicity of soot aerosol internally mixed with dicarboxylic acids. The effective densities, fractal dimensions, and dynamic shape factors of soot particles before and after coating with succinic and glutaric acids are determined. Coating of soot with succinic acid results in a significant increase in the particle mobility diameter, mass, and effective density, but these properties recover to their initial values once succinic acid is removed by heating, suggesting that no restructuring of the soot core occurs. This conclusion is also supported from the observation of similar fractal dimensions and dynamic shape factors for fresh and coated/heated soot aggregates. Also, no change is observed when succinic acid-coated aggregates are cycled through elevated relative humidity (5% to 90% to 5% RH) below the succinic acid deliquescence point. When soot is coated with glutaric acid, the particle mass increases, but the mobility diameter shrinks by 10-40%. Cycling the soot aerosol coated with glutaric acid through elevated relative humidity leads to an additional mass increase, indicating that condensed water remains within the coating even at low RH. The fractal dimension of soot particles increases after coating and remains high when glutaric acid is removed by heating. The dynamic shape factor of glutaric acid-coated and heated soot is significantly lower than that of fresh soot, suggesting a significant restructuring of the soot agglomerates by glutaric acid. The results imply that internal mixing of soot aerosol during atmospheric aging leads to changes in hygroscopicity, morphology, and effective density, which likely modify their effects on direct and indirect climate forcing and deposition in the human respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Xue
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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26
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Khalizov AF, Zhang R, Zhang D, Xue H, Pagels J, McMurry PH. Formation of highly hygroscopic soot aerosols upon internal mixing with sulfuric acid vapor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Khalizov AF, Xue H, Wang L, Zheng J, Zhang R. Enhanced Light Absorption and Scattering by Carbon Soot Aerosol Internally Mixed with Sulfuric Acid. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:1066-74. [PMID: 19146408 DOI: 10.1021/jp807531n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei F. Khalizov
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Huaxin Xue
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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28
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Zhao J, Khalizov A, Zhang R, McGraw R. Hydrogen-Bonding Interaction in Molecular Complexes and Clusters of Aerosol Nucleation Precursors. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:680-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806693r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Alexei Khalizov
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Robert McGraw
- Atmospheric Sciences Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973
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Abstract
Oxidation of isoprene by the hydroxyl radical leads to tropospheric ozone formation. Consequently, a more complete understanding of this reaction could lead to better models of regional air quality, a better understanding of aerosol formation, and a better understanding of reaction kinetics and dynamics. The most common first step in the oxidation of isoprene is the formation of an adduct, with the hydroxyl radical adding to one of four unsaturated carbon atoms in isoprene. In this paper, we discuss how the initial conformations of isoprene, s-trans and s-gauche, influences the pathways to adduct formation. We explore the formation of pre-reactive complexes at low and high temperatures, which are often invoked to explain the negative temperature dependence of this reaction's kinetics. We show that at higher temperatures the free energy surface indicates that a pre-reactive complex is unlikely, while at low temperatures the complex exists on two reaction pathways. The theoretical results show that at low temperatures all eight pathways possess negative reaction barriers, and reaction energies that range from -36.7 to -23.0 kcal x mol(-1). At temperatures in the lower atmosphere, all eight pathways possess positive reaction barriers that range from 3.8 to 6.0 kcal x mol(-1) and reaction energies that range from -28.8 to -14.4 kcal x mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Allodi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Design, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY 13323
| | - Karl N. Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Design, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY 13323
| | - George C. Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Design, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY 13323
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30
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Theoretical Investigation of Atmospheric Oxidation of Biogenic Hydrocarbons: A Critical Review. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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31
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Berndt T, Böge O. Atmospheric Reaction of OH Radicals with 1,3-Butadiene and 4-Hydroxy-2-butenal. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12099-105. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075349o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Berndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V., Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf Böge
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V., Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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32
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33
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Greenwald EE, North SW, Georgievskii Y, Klippenstein SJ. A Two Transition State Model for Radical−Molecule Reactions: Applications to Isomeric Branching in the OH−Isoprene Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:5582-92. [PMID: 17539617 DOI: 10.1021/jp071412y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A two transition state model is applied to the prediction of the isomeric branching in the addition of hydroxyl radical to isoprene. The outer transition state is treated with phase space theory fitted to long-range transition state theory calculations on an electrostatic potential energy surface. High-level quantum chemical estimates are applied to the treatment of the inner transition state. A one-dimensional master equation based on an analytic reduction from two-dimensions for a particular statistical assumption about the rotational part of the energy transfer kernel is employed in the calculation of the pressure dependence of the addition process. We find that an accurate treatment of the two separate transition state regions, at the energy and angular momentum resolved level, is essential to the prediction of the temperature dependence of the addition rate. The transition from a dominant outer transition state to a dominant inner transition state is shown to occur at about 275 K, with significant effects from both transition states over the 30-500 K temperature range. Modest adjustments in the ab initio predicted inner saddle point energies yield predictions that are in quantitative agreement with the available high-pressure limit experimental observations and qualitative agreement with those in the falloff regime. The theoretically predicted capture rate is reproduced to within 10% by the expression [1.71 x 10(-10)(T/298)(-2.58) exp(-608.6/RT) + 5.47 x 10(-11)(T/298)-1.78 exp(-97.3/RT); with R = 1.987 and T in K] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) over the 30-500 K range. A 300 K branching ratio of 0.67:0.02:0.02:0.29 was determined for formation of the four possible OH-isoprene adduct isomers 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and was found to be relatively insensitive to temperature. An Arrhenius activation energy of -0.77 kcal/mol was determined for the high-pressure addition rate constants around 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Greenwald
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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34
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Peeters J, Boullart W, Pultau V, Vandenberk S, Vereecken L. Structure−Activity Relationship for the Addition of OH to (Poly)alkenes: Site-Specific and Total Rate Constants. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1618-31. [PMID: 17298042 DOI: 10.1021/jp066973o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel site-specific structure-activity relationship was developed for the site-specific addition of OH radicals to (poly)alkenes at 298 K. From a detailed structure-activity analysis of some 65 known OH + alkene and diene reactions, it appears that the total rate constant for this reaction class can be closely approximated by a sum of independent partial rate constants, ki, for addition to the specific (double-bonded) C atoms that depend only on the stability type of the ensuing radical (primary, secondary, etc.), that is, on the number of substituents on the neighboring C atom in the double bond. The (nine) independent partial rate constants, ki, were derived, and the predicted rate constants (kOH,pred = Sigmak(i)) were compared with experimental k(OH,exp) values. For noncyclic (poly)alkenes, including conjugated structures, the agreement is excellent (Delta < 10%). The SAR-predicted rate constants for cyclic (poly)alkenes are in general also within <15% of the experimental value. On the basis of this SAR, it is possible to predict the site-specific rate constants for (poly)alkene + OH reactions accurately, including larger biogenic compounds such as isoprene and terpenes. An important section is devoted to the rigorous experimental validation of the SAR predictions against direct measurements of the site-specific addition contributions within the alkene, for monoalkenes as well as conjugated alkenes. The measured site specificities are within 10-15% of the SAR predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peeters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Herndon SC, Zahniser MS, Nelson DD, Shorter J, McManus JB, Jiménez R, Warneke C, de Gouw JA. Airborne measurements of HCHO and HCOOH during the New England Air Quality Study 2004 using a pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Jiménez
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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36
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Lee A, Goldstein AH, Kroll JH, Ng NL, Varutbangkul V, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH. Gas-phase products and secondary aerosol yields from the photooxidation of 16 different terpenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Zhao J, Zhang R, Misawa K, Shibuya K. Experimental product study of the OH-initiated oxidation of m-xylene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Baker J, Arey J, Atkinson R. Formation and reaction of hydroxycarbonyls from the reaction of OH radicals with 1,3-butadiene and isoprene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:4091-9. [PMID: 15984787 DOI: 10.1021/es047930t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Butadiene and isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) are emitted into the atmosphere in vehicle exhaust and, in the case of isoprene, from vegetation. We have investigated the formation and further reaction of products of their hydroxyl radical-initiated reactions using atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS) and solid-phase microextraction fibers precoated with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine for on-fiber derivatization of carbonyl compounds, with subsequent analysis by thermal desorption and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (SPME/GC-FID) or MS detection. Products attributed as HOCH2CH=CHCHO and HOCH2CH=CHCH2ONO2 (and isomers) from 1,3-butadiene; HOCD2CD=CDCDO and HOCD2CD=CDCD2ONO2 (and isomers) from 1,3-butadiene-d6; HOCH2C(CH3)=CHCHO and/or HOCH2CH=C(CH3)CHO, and HOCH2C(CH3)=CHCH2ONO2 (and isomers) from isoprene; and HOCD2C(CD3)=CDCDO and/or HOCD2CD=C(CD3)CDO, and HOCD2C(CD3)=CDCD2ONO2 (and isomers) from isoprene-d8 were observed as their NO2- adducts in the API-MS analyses. The hydroxycarbonyls were observed from SPME/GC-FID analyses of the 1,3-butadiene and isoprene reactions as their oximes, together with acrolein, glycolaldehyde, and glyoxal from the 1,3-butadiene reaction. A rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with 4-hydroxy-2-butenal of (5.7 +/- 1.4) x 10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) at 298 +/- 2 K was derived, and formation yields of acrolein and 4-hydroxy-2-butenal from the 1,3-butadiene reaction of 58 +/- 10% and 25 (+15/-10)%, respectively, were determined. Analogous experiments showed that the two C5-hydroxycarbonyls formed from isoprene have rate constants for their reactions with OH radicals of (1.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) and (4 +/- 2) x 10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) and a combined yield of approximately 15%, although isomer-specific identification of the hydroxycarbonyls was not achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Baker
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Ramírez-Ramírez VM, Nebot-Gil I. Fate of several hydroxyalkyl isoprene radicals: Formation of hydroxycarbonyl compounds. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Canosa-Mas CE, Flugge ML, King MD, Wayne RP. An experimental study of the gas-phase reaction of the NO3radical with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:643-50. [DOI: 10.1039/b416574h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Park J, Jongsma CG, Zhang R, North SW. OH/OD Initiated Oxidation of Isoprene in the Presence of O2 and NO. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp040421t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Candice G. Jongsma
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Simon W. North
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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Zhang R, Suh I, Zhao J, Zhang D, Fortner EC, Tie X, Molina LT, Molina MJ. Atmospheric new particle formation enhanced by organic acids. Science 2004; 304:1487-90. [PMID: 15178797 DOI: 10.1126/science.1095139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols often contain a substantial fraction of organic matter, but the role of organic compounds in new nanometer-sized particle formation is highly uncertain. Laboratory experiments show that nucleation of sulfuric acid is considerably enhanced in the presence of aromatic acids. Theoretical calculations identify the formation of an unusually stable aromatic acid-sulfuric acid complex, which likely leads to a reduced nucleation barrier. The results imply that the interaction between organic and sulfuric acids promotes efficient formation of organic and sulfate aerosols in the polluted atmosphere because of emissions from burning of fossil fuels, which strongly affect human health and global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Lei W. Chemical characterization of ozone formation in the Houston-Galveston area: A chemical transport model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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