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Sternstein C, Böhm TM, Fink J, Meyr J, Lüdemann M, Krug M, Kriukov K, Gurdap CO, Sezgin E, Ebert R, Seibel J. Development of an Effective Functional Lipid Anchor for Membranes (FLAME) for the Bioorthogonal Modification of the Lipid Bilayer of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1221-1233. [PMID: 37328799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of cellular membranes is crucial for the survival and communication of cells. As our target is the engineering of the glycocalyx, we designed a functionalized lipid anchor for the introduction into cellular membranes called Functional Lipid Anchor for MEmbranes (FLAME). Since cholesterol incorporates very effectively into membranes, we developed a twice cholesterol-substituted anchor in a total synthesis by applying protecting group chemistry. We labeled the compound with a fluorescent dye, which allows cell visualization. FLAME was successfully incorporated in the membranes of living human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC), acting as a temporary, nontoxic marker. The availability of an azido function─a bioorthogonal reacting group within the compound─enables the convenient coupling of alkyne-functionalized molecules, such as fluorophores or saccharides. After the incorporation of FLAME into the plasma membrane of living hMSC, we were able to successfully couple our molecule with an alkyne-tagged fluorophore via click reaction. This suggests that FLAME is useful for the modification of the membrane surface. Coupling FLAME with a galactosamine derivative yielded FLAME-GalNAc, which was incorporated into U2OS cells as well as in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). With this, we have shown that FLAME-GalNAc is a useful tool for studying the partitioning in the liquid-ordered (Lo) and the liquid-disordered (Ld) phases. The molecular tool can also be used to analyze the diffusion behavior in the model and the cell membranes by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sternstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa-Maria Böhm
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Meyr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lüdemann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krug
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kirill Kriukov
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cenk O Gurdap
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Regina Ebert
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Gamage RS, Chasteen JL, Smith BD. Lipophilic Anchors that Embed Bioconjugates in Bilayer Membranes: A Review. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:961-971. [PMID: 37276240 PMCID: PMC10823363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of biomaterials and engineered cell surfaces are composed of bioconjugates embedded in liposome membranes, surface-immobilized bilayers, or the plasma membranes of living cells. This review article summarizes the various ways that Nature anchors integral and peripheral proteins in a cell membrane and describes the strategies devised by chemical biologists to label a membrane protein in living cells. Also discussed are modern synthetic and semisynthetic methods to produce lipidated proteins. Subsequent sections describe methods to anchor a three-component synthetic construct that is composed of a lipophilic membrane anchor, hydrophilic linker, and exposed functional component. The surface exposed payload can be a fluorophore, aptamer, oligonucleotide, polypeptide, peptide nucleic acid, polysaccharide, branched dendrimer, or linear polymer. Hydrocarbon chains are commonly used as the membrane anchor, and a general experimental trend is that a two chain lipid anchor has higher membrane affinity than a cholesteryl or single chain lipid anchor. Amphiphilic fluorescent dyes are effective molecular probes for cell membrane imaging and a zwitterionic linker between the fluorophore and the lipid anchor promotes high persistence in the plasma membrane of living cells. A relatively new advance is the development of switchable membrane anchors as molecular tools for fundamental studies or as technology platforms for applied biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rananjaya S Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jordan L Chasteen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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3
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Zhang MH, Scotland BL, Jiao Y, Slaby EM, Truong N, Cottingham AL, Stephanie G, Szeto GL, Pearson RM. Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Utilize B Cells and Dendritic Cells to Elicit Distinct Antigen-Specific CD4 + and CD8 + T Cell Responses. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023:10.1021/acsabm.3c00229. [PMID: 37219857 PMCID: PMC10665545 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are widely studied for treating immune-mediated diseases, and dendritic cells (DCs) are potent APCs that uptake and present antigens (Ags). However, DCs face several challenges that hinder their clinical translation due to their inability to control Ag dosing and low abundance in peripheral blood. B cells are a potential alternative to DCs, but their poor nonspecific Ag uptake capabilities compromise controllable priming of T cells. Here, we developed phospholipid-conjugated Ags (L-Ags) and lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (L/P-Ag NPs) as delivery platforms to expand the range of accessible APCs for use in T cell priming. These delivery platforms were evaluated using DCs, CD40-activated B cells, and resting B cells to understand the impacts of various Ag delivery mechanisms for generation of Ag-specific T cell responses. L-Ag delivery (termed depoting) of MHC class I- and II-restricted Ags successfully loaded all APC types in a tunable manner and primed both Ag-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. Incorporating L-Ags and polymer-conjugated Ags (P-Ag) into NPs can direct Ags to different uptake pathways to engineer the dynamics of presentation and shape T cell responses. DCs were capable of processing and presenting Ag delivered from both L- and P-Ag NPs, yet B cells could only utilize Ag delivered from L-Ag NPs, which led to differential cytokine secretion profiles in coculture studies. Altogether, we show that L-Ags and P-Ags can be rationally paired within a single NP to leverage distinct delivery mechanisms to access multiple Ag processing pathways in two APC types, offering a modular delivery platform for engineering Ag-specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250
- Co-first authors
| | - Brianna L. Scotland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Co-first authors
| | - Yun Jiao
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Emily M. Slaby
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Nhu Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Andrea L. Cottingham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Georgina Stephanie
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Gregory L. Szeto
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Ryan M. Pearson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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4
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Wardzala CL, Clauss ZS, Kramer JR. Principles of glycocalyx engineering with hydrophobic-anchored synthetic mucins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:952931. [PMID: 36325363 PMCID: PMC9621330 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.952931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular glycocalyx is involved in diverse biological phenomena in health and disease. Yet, molecular level studies have been challenged by a lack of tools to precisely manipulate this heterogeneous structure. Engineering of the cell surface using insertion of hydrophobic-terminal materials has emerged as a simple and efficient method with great promise for glycocalyx studies. However, there is a dearth of information about how the structure of the material affects membrane insertion efficiency and resulting density, the residence time of the material, or what types of cells can be utilized. Here, we examine a panel of synthetic mucin structures terminated in highly efficient cholesterylamide membrane anchors for their ability to engineer the glycocalyx of five different cell lines. We examined surface density, residence time and half-life, cytotoxicity, and the ability be passed to daughter cells. We report that this method is robust for a variety of polymeric structures, long-lasting, and well-tolerated by a variety of cell lines.
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Clauss ZS, Wardzala CL, Schlirf AE, Wright NS, Saini SS, Onoa B, Bustamante C, Kramer JR. Tunable, biodegradable grafting-from glycopolypeptide bottlebrush polymers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6472. [PMID: 34753949 PMCID: PMC8578664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular glycocalyx and extracellular matrix are rich in glycoproteins and proteoglycans that play essential physical and biochemical roles in all life. Synthetic mimics of these natural bottlebrush polymers have wide applications in biomedicine, yet preparation has been challenged by their high grafting and glycosylation densities. Using one-pot dual-catalysis polymerization of glycan-bearing α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides, we report grafting-from glycopolypeptide brushes. The materials are chemically and conformationally tunable where backbone and sidechain lengths were precisely altered, grafting density modulated up to 100%, and glycan density and identity tuned by monomer feed ratios. The glycobrushes are composed entirely of sugars and amino acids, are non-toxic to cells, and are degradable by natural proteases. Inspired by native lipid-anchored proteoglycans, cholesterol-modified glycobrushes were displayed on the surface of live human cells. Our materials overcome long-standing challenges in glycobrush polymer synthesis and offer new opportunities to examine glycan presentation and multivalency from chemically defined scaffolds. Synthetic mimics of glycoproteins and proteoglycans have wide applications in biomedicine, yet preparation has been challenged by their high grafting and glycosylation densities. Here the authors show one-pot dual-catalysis polymerization of glycan-bearing α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to form glycopolypeptide brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Clauss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Casia L Wardzala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Austin E Schlirf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Wright
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Simranpreet S Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Bibiana Onoa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carlos Bustamante
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA.
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6
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Wan D, Que H, Chen L, Lan T, Hong W, He C, Yang J, Wei Y, Wei X. Lymph-Node-Targeted Cholesterolized TLR7 Agonist Liposomes Provoke a Safe and Durable Antitumor Response. Nano Lett 2021; 21:7960-7969. [PMID: 34533963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists as the potent stimulants of an innate immune system hold promises for applications in anticancer immunotherapy. However, most of them are limited in the clinical translation due to the uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response. In the current study, 1V209, a small molecule TLR7 agonist, was conjugated with cholesterol (1V209-Cho) and prepared into liposomes (1V209-Cho-Lip). 1V209-Cho-Lip exerted minimal toxic effects and enhanced the transportation ability in lymph nodes (LNs) compared with 1V209. 1V209-Cho-Lip treatment inhibited tumor progression in CT26 colorectal cancer, 4T1 breast cancer, and Pan02 pancreatic ductal cancer models through inducing effective DC activation and eliciting CD8+ T cell responses. Furthermore, 1V209-Cho-Lip induced tumor-specific memory immunity to inhibit cancer recurrence and metastasis. These results indicate that cholesterol conjugation with 1V209 is an effective approach to target lymph nodes and to reduce the adverse effects. This work provides a rational basis for the distribution optimization of TLR agonists for potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Haiying Que
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Cai He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Monge P, Løvschall KB, Søgaard AB, Walther R, Golbek TW, Schmüser L, Weidner T, Zelikin AN. Synthetic Artificial Apoptosis-Inducing Receptor for On-Demand Deactivation of Engineered Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2004432. [PMID: 36246165 PMCID: PMC9539725 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The design of a fully synthetic, chemical "apoptosis-inducing receptor" (AIR) molecule is reported that is anchored into the lipid bilayer of cells, is activated by the incoming biological input, and responds with the release of a secondary messenger-a highly potent toxin for cell killing. The AIR molecule has four elements, namely, an exofacial trigger group, a bilayer anchor, a toxin as a secondary messenger, and a self-immolative scaffold as a mechanism for signal transduction. Receptor installation into cells is established via a robust protocol with minimal cell handling. The synthetic receptor remains dormant in the engineered cells, but is effectively triggered externally by the addition of an activating biomolecule (enzyme) or in a mixed cell population through interaction with the surrounding cells. In 3D cell culture (spheroids), receptor activation is accessible for at least 5 days, which compares favorably with other state of the art receptor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Monge
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Kaja Borup Løvschall
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Ane Bretschneider Søgaard
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Raoul Walther
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Thaddeus W. Golbek
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Lars Schmüser
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
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Monge P, Søgaard AB, Andersen DG, Chandrawati R, Zelikin AN. Synthetic chemical ligands and cognate antibodies for biorthogonal drug targeting and cell engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:281-93. [PMID: 33486005 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A vast range of biomedical applications relies on the specificity of interactions between an antigen and its cognate receptor or antibody. This specificity can be highest when said antigen is a non-natural (synthetic) molecule introduced into a biological setting as a bio-orthogonal ligand. This review aims to present the development of this methodology from the early discovery of haptens a century ago to the recent clinical trials. We discuss such methodologies as antibody recruitment, artificial internalizing receptors and chemically induced dimerization, present the use of chimeric receptors and/or bispecific antibodies to achieve drug targeting and transcytosis, and illustrate how these platforms most impressively found use in the engineering of therapeutic cells such as the chimeric antigen receptor cells. This review aims to be of interest to a broad scientific audience and to spur the development of synthetic artificial ligands for biomedical applications.
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Safari Yazd H, Yang Y, Li L, Yang L, Li X, Pan X, Chen Z, Jiang J, Cui C, Tan W. Precise Deposition of Polydopamine on Cancer Cell Membrane as Artificial Receptor for Targeted Drug Delivery. iScience 2020; 23:101750. [PMID: 33367224 PMCID: PMC7749375 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, targeted molecular therapy, e.g., antibody-drug conjugates or aptamer-drug conjugates, can specifically identify overexpressed natural receptors on the cancer cell, perform targeted release of anticancer drugs, and achieve targeted killing of tumor cells. However, many natural receptors are also expressed on non-cancer cells, thereby diverting the targeting molecules to healthy cells. By generating artificial cell surface receptors specific to diseased cells, aptamer-drug conjugates can identify these artificial receptors, improve therapeutic efficacy, and decrease the minimum effective dosage. In this study, we use high K+ and high H2O2 of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to produce polydopamine only on living cancer cell membrane. Owing to the significant reactivity of polydopamine with amino groups, e.g., the amino group of proteins, polydopamine can deposit on tumor cells and act as “artificial receptors” for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs with amino groups, in other words, amino-containing drugs and protein drugs. Polydopamine (PDA) generation catalyzed using G-quadruplex DNAzyme TME high K+ and H2O2 employed to produce PDA only on cancerous cells membrane PDA generated and deposited on cancerous cells and acted as artificial receptors PDA artificial receptors facilitated targeted delivery of drugs with amino groups
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Safari Yazd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Yu Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Xiaoshu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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10
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Monge P, Tvilum A, Søgaard AB, Løvschall KB, Jarlstad Olesen MT, Zelikin AN. Chemical Artificial Internalizing Receptors for Primary T Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2001395. [PMID: 32999846 PMCID: PMC7509642 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The newest generation of cell-based technologies relies heavily on methods to communicate to the engineered cells using artificial receptors, specifically to deactivate the cells administered to a patient in the event of adverse effects. Herein, artificial synthetic internalizing receptors are engineered that function in mammalian cells in 2D and in 3D and afford targeted, specific intracellular drug delivery with nanomolar potency in the most challenging cell type, namely primary, donor-derived T cells. Receptor design comprises a lipid bilayer anchor for receptor integration into cell membrane and a small xenobiotic molecule as a recognition ligand. Artificial receptors are successfully targeted by the corresponding antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and exhibit efficient cargo cell entry with ensuing intracellular effects. Receptor integration into cells is fast and robust and affords targeted cell entry in under 2 h. Through a combination of the receptor design and the use of ADC, combined benefits previously made available by chimeric artificial receptors (performance in T cells) and the chemical counterpart (robustness and simplicity) in a single functional platform is achieved. Artificial synthetic receptors are poised to facilitate the maturation of engineered cells as tools of biotechnology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Monge
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 140AarhusC 8000Denmark
| | - Anne Tvilum
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 140AarhusC 8000Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten T. Jarlstad Olesen
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 140AarhusC 8000Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 140AarhusC 8000Denmark
| | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 140AarhusC 8000Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 140AarhusC 8000Denmark
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12
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De Coen R, Nuhn L, Perera C, Arista-Romero M, Risseeuw MDP, Freyn A, Nachbagauer R, Albertazzi L, Van Calenbergh S, Spiegel DA, Peterson BR, De Geest BG. Synthetic Rhamnose Glycopolymer Cell-Surface Receptor for Endogenous Antibody Recruitment. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:793-802. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben De Coen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chamani Perera
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Maria Arista-Romero
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alec Freyn
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - David A. Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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13
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Lee S, Lee D, Baek SC, Jo MS, Kang KS, Kim KH. (3 β,16 α)-3,16-Dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one from the Twigs of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in LPS-Stimulated RAW-264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2019; 24:E3848. [PMID: 31731472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover new pharmacologically active natural products, here, we performed the phytochemical analysis of a Korean medicinal plant. Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. is a traditional medicinal plant that has been used as a remedy for various diseases in Asian countries. In particular, the cork cambium on the twigs of E. alatus has been used to treat dysmenorrhea, tumors, diabetes, and wound. Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of E. alatus twigs led to the isolation of a sterol, which was identified as (3β,16α)-3,16-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one (1) by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The stereochemistry of 1 was established with nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) analysis and comparison of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. To the best of our knowledge, the isolation of compound 1 from nature is first reported here, as well as the complete and revised NMR data assignment of 1. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW-264.7 macrophages, compound 1 significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production at an IC50 value of 12.54 ± 0.05 μM as well as the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, the pre-treatment with compound 1 attenuated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 through the inhibition of the phosphorylation of IκB kinase alpha (IKKα), IKKβ, and inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα). Compound 1 also inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Taken together, compound 1 may serve as an anti-inflammatory constituent of E. alatus twigs and its anti-inflammatory property is thought to be associated with the inhibition of NO production via suppression of iNOS and COX-2 expression through inhibition of IKKα/β, I-κBα and NF-κB p65 activation and downregulation of p38, JNK, and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings also provide experimental evidence that compound 1 identified from E. alatus twigs could be a candidate for an anti-inflammatory agent.
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De Vrieze J, Louage B, Deswarte K, Zhong Z, De Coen R, Van Herck S, Nuhn L, Kaas Frich C, Zelikin AN, Lienenklaus S, Sanders NN, Lambrecht BN, David SA, De Geest BG. Potent Lymphatic Translocation and Spatial Control Over Innate Immune Activation by Polymer-Lipid Amphiphile Conjugates of Small-Molecule TLR7/8 Agonists. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15390-15395. [PMID: 31397948 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled systemic inflammatory immune triggering has hampered the clinical translation of several classes of small-molecule immunomodulators, such as imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 agonists for vaccine design and cancer immunotherapy. By taking advantage of the inherent serum-protein-binding property of lipid motifs and their tendency to accumulate in lymphoid tissue, we designed amphiphilic lipid-polymer conjugates that suppress systemic inflammation but provoke potent lymph-node immune activation. This work provides a rational basis for the design of lipid-polymer amphiphiles for optimized lymphoid targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana De Vrieze
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoit Louage
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zifu Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ruben De Coen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Van Herck
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Institute of Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sunil A David
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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15
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De Vrieze J, Louage B, Deswarte K, Zhong Z, De Coen R, Van Herck S, Nuhn L, Kaas Frich C, Zelikin AN, Lienenklaus S, Sanders NN, Lambrecht BN, David SA, De Geest BG. Amphiphile Polymer‐Lipidkonjugate zur potenten lymphatischen Anreicherung von TLR7/8‐Agonisten ermöglichen eine örtlich begrenzte Aktivierung des angeborenen Immunsystems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana De Vrieze
- Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Gent Belgien
| | - Benoit Louage
- Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Gent Belgien
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University VIB Center for Inflammation Research Technologiepark 71 9052 Gent Belgien
| | - Zifu Zhong
- Vakgroep Voeding, Genetica en Ethologie, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde Universiteit Gent Heidestraat 19 9820 Merelbeke Belgien
| | - Ruben De Coen
- Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Gent Belgien
| | - Simon Van Herck
- Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Gent Belgien
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Camilla Kaas Frich
- Institut for Kemi Aarhus Universitet Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Dänemark
| | | | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institut für Versuchstierkunde und Zentrales Tierlaboratorium Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Carl-Neuberg-Str.1 30625 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Niek N. Sanders
- Vakgroep Voeding, Genetica en Ethologie, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde Universiteit Gent Heidestraat 19 9820 Merelbeke Belgien
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University VIB Center for Inflammation Research Technologiepark 71 9052 Gent Belgien
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam Netherlands
| | - Sunil A. David
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota 2231 Sixth Street SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Bruno G. De Geest
- Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Gent Belgien
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16
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He L, Jiang Y, Liu K, Gomez-Murcia V, Ma X, Torrecillas A, Chen Q, Zhu X, Lesnefsky E, Gomez-Fernandez JC, Xu B, Zhang S. Insights into the Impact of a Membrane-Anchoring Moiety on the Biological Activities of Bivalent Compounds As Potential Neuroprotectants for Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2018; 61:777-790. [PMID: 29271648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bivalent compounds anchoring in different manners to the membrane were designed and biologically characterized to understand the contribution of the anchor moiety to their biological activity as neuroprotectants for Alzheimer's disease. Our results established that the anchor moiety is essential, and we identified a preference for diosgenin, as evidenced by 17MD. Studies in primary neurons and mouse brain mitochondria also identified 17MD as exhibiting activity on neuritic outgrowth and the state 3 oxidative rate of glutamate while preserving the coupling capacity of the mitochondria. Significantly, our studies demonstrated that the integrated bivalent structure is essential to the observed biological activities. Further studies employing bivalent compounds as probes in a model membrane also revealed the influence of the anchor moiety on how they interact with the membrane. Collectively, our results suggest diosgenin to be an optimal anchor moiety, providing bivalent compounds with promising pharmacology that have potential applications for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victoria Gomez-Murcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia , Murcia, 30080, Spain
| | - Xiaopin Ma
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alejandro Torrecillas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia , Murcia, 30080, Spain
| | | | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | | | - Juan C Gomez-Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia , Murcia, 30080, Spain
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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18
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Perez L, Mettry M, Hinman SS, Byers SR, McKeating KS, Caulkins BG, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. Selective protein recognition in supported lipid bilayer arrays by tailored, dual-mode deep cavitand hosts. Soft Matter 2017; 13:3966-3974. [PMID: 28512660 PMCID: PMC6041475 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-folding deep cavitands with variably functionalized upper rims are able to selectively immobilize proteins at a biomimetic supported lipid bilayer surface. The immobilization process takes advantage of the dual-mode binding capabilities of the hosts, combining a defined binding pocket with upper rim charged/H-bonding groups. A variety of proteins can be selectively immobilized at the bilayer interface, either via complementary charge/H-bonding interactions, cavity-based molecular recognition, or a combination of both. The immobilization process can be used to bind unmodified native proteins, epitopes for bioadhesion, or proteins covalently modified with suitable RNMe3+ binding "handles" and charged groups that can either match or mismatch with the cavitand rim. The immobilization process can be monitored in real time using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, and applied to the construction of cavitand:lipid arrays using the hosts and trehalose vitrified phospholipid vesicles. The selective, dual-mode protein recognition is maintained in the arrays, and can be visualized using SPR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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19
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Purushottamachar P, Murigi FN, Njar VCO. Improved Procedures for Gram-Scale Synthesis of Galeterone 3β-Imidazole and Galeterone 3β-Pyridine Methoxylate, Potent Androgen Receptor/Mnk Degrading Agents. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puranik Purushottamachar
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, and §Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1559, United States
| | - Francis N. Murigi
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, and §Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1559, United States
| | - Vincent C. O. Njar
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, and §Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1559, United States
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20
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Ogawa Y, Tanaka M. A fluorescent cholesterol analogue for observation of free cholesterol in the plasma membrane of live cells. Anal Biochem 2016; 492:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Woods EC, Yee NA, Shen J, Bertozzi CR. Glycocalyx Engineering with a Recycling Glycopolymer that Increases Cell Survival In Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15782-8. [PMID: 26647316 PMCID: PMC4736730 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic glycopolymers that emulate cell-surface mucins have been used to elucidate the role of mucin overexpression in cancer. However, because they are internalized within hours, these glycopolymers could not be employed to probe processes that occur on longer time scales. In this work, we tested a panel of glycopolymers bearing a variety of lipids to identify those that persist on cell membranes. Strikingly, we found that cholesterylamine (CholA) anchored glycopolymers are internalized into vesicles that serve as depots for delivery back to the cell surface, allowing for the display of cell-surface glycopolymers for at least ten days, even while the cells are dividing. As with native mucins, the cell-surface display of CholA-anchored glycopolymers influenced the focal adhesion distribution. Furthermore, we show that these mimetics enhance the survival of nonmalignant cells in a zebrafish model of metastasis. CholA-anchored glycopolymers therefore expand the application of glycocalyx engineering in glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot C Woods
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Nathan A Yee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4401 (USA)
| | - Jeff Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4401 (USA)
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4401 (USA).
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA).
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot C. Woods
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Nathan A. Yee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305‐4401 (USA)
| | - Jeff Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305‐4401 (USA)
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305‐4401 (USA)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA)
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23
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Perez L, Ghang YJ, Williams PB, Wang Y, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. Cell and Protein Recognition at a Supported Bilayer Interface via In Situ Cavitand-Mediated Functional Polymer Growth. Langmuir 2015; 31:11152-7. [PMID: 26436343 PMCID: PMC4706080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble deep cavitands embedded in a supported lipid bilayer are capable of anchoring ATRP initiator molecules for the in situ synthesis of primary amine-containing polymethacrylate patches at the water:membrane interface. These polymers can be derivatized in situ to incorporate fluorescent reporters, allow selective protein recognition, and can be applied to the immobilization of nonadherent cells at the bilayer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yoo-Jin Ghang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Preston B. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Richard J. Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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24
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Ghang YJ, Perez L, Morgan MA, Si F, Hamdy OM, Beecher CN, Larive CK, Julian RR, Zhong W, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. Anionic deep cavitands enable the adhesion of unmodified proteins at a membrane bilayer. Soft Matter 2014; 10:9651-9656. [PMID: 25366572 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An anionic self-folding deep cavitand is capable of immobilizing unmodified proteins and enzymes at a supported lipid bilayer interface, providing a simple, soft bioreactive surface that allows enzymatic function under mild conditions. The adhesion is based on complementary charge interactions, and the hosts are capable of binding enzymes such as trypsin at the bilayer interface: the catalytic activity is retained upon adhesion, allowing selective reactions to be performed at the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jin Ghang
- University of California - Riverside, Department of Chemistry, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Matsuda M, Hatanaka W, Takeo M, Kim CW, Niidome T, Yamamoto T, Kishimura A, Mori T, Katayama Y. Short peptide motifs for long-lasting anchoring to the cell surface. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2134-43. [PMID: 25350362 DOI: 10.1021/bc500465j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A rational design strategy has been developed for the construction of stable peptide-based anchors for the efficient modification of cell surfaces. Six types of peptide composed of five residues with divalent hydrophobic groups have been designed using this new strategy. Among them, a peptide with a sequence of NBD-Lys-Lys(X)-Lys-Lys-Lys(X)-NH2 (NBD: fluorophore, Lys(X): N-ε-palmitoyl-l-lysine) was found to show the highest modification efficacy and longevity in culture medium. The good performance of this peptide was attributed to (1) its high aqueous solubility, which allowed it to partition from the medium to the cell surface, and (2) the high binding affinity of the saturated palmitoyl groups to the cell membrane. We found that the distribution of the peptide was affected by recycling endosome, which enabled the representation of the peptide following its endocytotic disappearance from the cell membrane. Biotin was also presented on the cell surface using this peptide-based anchor to examine its recognition by streptavidin. The efficacy of the recognition process increased as the length of the oligoethylene glycol spacer increased, indicating that it was necessary for the biotin tag to move away from the membrane glycoproteins on the cell surface to facilitate its efficient recognition by streptavidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Systems Life Science, ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, §Center for Future Chemistry, and ∥Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University , 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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26
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Ghang YJ, Lloyd JJ, Moehlig MP, Arguelles J, Mettry M, Zhang X, Julian RR, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. Labeled protein recognition at a membrane bilayer interface by embedded synthetic receptors. Langmuir 2014; 30:10161-6. [PMID: 25130415 PMCID: PMC4176395 DOI: 10.1021/la502629d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-folding deep cavitands embedded in a supported lipid bilayer are capable of recognizing suitably labeled proteins at the bilayer interface. The addition of a choline derived binding "handle" to a number of different proteins allows their selective noncovalent recognition, with association constants on the order of 10(5) M(-1). The proteins are displayed at the water:bilayer interface, and a single binding handle allows recognition of the large, charged protein by a small molecule synthetic receptor via complementary shape and charge interactions.
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Echemendía R, Concepción O, Morales FE, Paixão MW, Rivera DG. The CuI-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition as direct conjugation/cyclization method of peptides to steroids. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Tobinaga K, Li C, Takeo M, Matsuda M, Nagai H, Niidome T, Yamamoto T, Kishimura A, Mori T, Katayama Y. Rapid and serum-insensitive endocytotic delivery of proteins using biotinylated polymers attached via multivalent hydrophobic anchors. J Control Release 2014; 177:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Schäfer B, Orbán E, Borics A, Huszár K, Nyeste A, Welker E, Tömböly C. Preparation of semisynthetic lipoproteins with fluorescent cholesterol anchor and their introduction to the cell membrane with minimal disruption of the membrane. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1684-97. [PMID: 24020959 DOI: 10.1021/bc4002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The exogenous introduction of fluorescent lipoproteins into cell membranes is a method for visualizing the cellular traffic of membrane associated proteins, and also for altering the cell surface in a controlled manner. In order to achieve the cell membrane anchoring of proteins and their subsequent fluorescence based detection, a cholesterol derivative was designed. The headgroup of the novel cholesterol anchor contains a fluorescent reporter and a thiol reactive maleimide for protein conjugation. Protein conjugation was demonstrated by the addition of a green fluorescent maleimido anchor to the C-terminus of a Cys extended red fluorescent protein, mCherry. The resulting dual fluorescent cholesteryl lipoprotein was successfully separated from the micellar associates of the surplus fluorescent lipid anchor without denaturing the protein, and the lipoprotein containing only the covalently linked, stoichiometric fluorescent lipid was efficiently delivered to the plasma membrane of live cells. It was demonstrated that the membrane fluorescence could be directly assigned to the protein-anchor conjugate, because no excess of fluorescent lipid species were present during the imaging experiment and the protein and anchor fluorescence colocalized in the cell membrane. Molecular dynamics simulations and subsequent trajectory analysis suggest also the spontaneous and stable membrane association of the cholesterol anchor. Thus, the method could be beneficially applied for studying membrane associated proteins and for preparing mimetics of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins to target cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Schäfer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and §Laboratory of Conformational Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Temesvári krt. 62., 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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30
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Agarwal S, Schroeder C, Schlechtingen G, Braxmeier T, Jennings G, Knölker HJ. Evaluation of steroidal amines as lipid raft modulators and potential anti-influenza agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5165-9. [PMID: 23916260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IFV) possesses a highly ordered cholesterol-rich lipid envelope. A specific composition and structure of this membrane raft envelope are essential for viral entry into cells and virus budding. Several steroidal amines were investigated for antiviral activity against IFV. Both, a positively charged amino function and the highly hydrophobic (ClogP≥5.9) ring system are required for IC50 values in the low μM range. An amino substituent is preferential to an azacyclic A-ring. We showed that these compounds either disrupt or augment membrane rafts and in some cases inactivate the free virus. Some of the compounds also interfere with virus budding. The antiviral selectivity improved in the series 3-amino, 3-aminomethyl, 3-aminoethyl, or by introducing an OH function in the A-ring. Steroidal amines show a new mode of antiviral action in directly targeting the virus envelope and its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Agarwal
- JADO Technologies, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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31
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Ghang YJ, Schramm MP, Zhang F, Acey RA, David CN, Wilson EH, Wang Y, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. Selective cavitand-mediated endocytosis of targeted imaging agents into live cells. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7090-3. [PMID: 23621383 DOI: 10.1021/ja401273g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble synthetic receptor molecule is capable of selective, controlled endocytosis of a specifically tagged target molecule in different types of living human cells. The presence of suitable choline-derived binding handles is essential for the molecular recognition and transport process, allowing selective guest transport and imaging of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jin Ghang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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32
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Liu K, Gandhi R, Chen J, Zhang S. Bivalent ligands targeting multiple pathological factors involved in Alzheimer's disease. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:942-946. [PMID: 23293731 DOI: 10.1021/ml300229y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In a continuing effort to develop multifunctional compounds as potential treatment agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a series of bivalent ligands containing curcumin and cholesterylamine were designed, synthesized, and biologically characterized. Biological characterization supported earlier results that the spacer length and its attachment position on curcumin are essential structural determinants for biological activity in this class. Compounds with a spacer length of 17 to 21 atoms exhibited optimal neuroprotection in human neuroblastoma MC65 cells with submicromolar potency. These compounds inhibited the formation of amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) and exhibited antioxidative activities in MC65 cells. Bivalent ligand 8, with its spacer (length of 17 atoms) connected at the methylene carbon between the two carbonyls of curcumin moiety is the most potent with an EC(50) of 0.083 ± 0.017 μM. In addition, 8 formed complex with biometals, such as Cu, Fe and Zn. Collectively, the results strongly support our assertion that these compounds are designed bivalent ligands with potential as multifunctional and neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
23219-1540, United States
| | - Ronak Gandhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
23219-1540, United States
| | - Jiangmin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
23219-1540, United States
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
23219-1540, United States
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33
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Liu Y, Young MC, Moshe O, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. A Membrane-Bound Synthetic Receptor that Promotes Growth of a Polymeric Coating at the Bilayer-Water Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Liu Y, Young MC, Moshe O, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. A Membrane-Bound Synthetic Receptor that Promotes Growth of a Polymeric Coating at the Bilayer-Water Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7748-51. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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35
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Hymel D, Peterson BR. Synthetic cell surface receptors for delivery of therapeutics and probes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:797-810. [PMID: 22401875 PMCID: PMC3359398 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a highly efficient mechanism for cellular uptake of membrane-impermeant ligands. Cells use this process to acquire nutrients, initiate signal transduction, promote development, regulate neurotransmission, and maintain homeostasis. Natural receptors that participate in receptor-mediated endocytosis are structurally diverse, ranging from large transmembrane proteins to small glycolipids embedded in the outer leaflet of cellular plasma membranes. Despite their vast structural differences, these receptors share common features of binding to extracellular ligands, clustering in dynamic membrane regions that pinch off to yield intracellular vesicles, and accumulation of receptor-ligand complexes in membrane-sealed endosomes. Receptors typically dissociate from ligands in endosomes and cycle back to the cell surface, whereas internalized ligands are usually delivered into lysosomes, where they are degraded, but some can escape and penetrate into the cytosol. Here, we review efforts to develop synthetic cell surface receptors, defined as nonnatural compounds, exemplified by mimics of cholesterol, that insert into plasma membranes, bind extracellular ligands including therapeutics, probes, and endogenous proteins, and engage endocytic membrane trafficking pathways. By mimicking natural mechanisms of receptor-mediated endocytosis, synthetic cell surface receptors have the potential to function as prosthetic molecules capable of seamlessly augmenting the endocytic uptake machinery of living mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hymel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
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36
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Fyrner T, Magnusson K, Nilsson KPR, Hammarström P, Aili D, Konradsson P. Derivatization of a Bioorthogonal Protected Trisaccharide Linker—Toward Multimodal Tools for Chemical Biology. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1333-40. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timmy Fyrner
- Division
of Chemistry and ‡Division of Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Magnusson
- Division
of Chemistry and ‡Division of Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- Division
of Chemistry and ‡Division of Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Hammarström
- Division
of Chemistry and ‡Division of Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Aili
- Division
of Chemistry and ‡Division of Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Konradsson
- Division
of Chemistry and ‡Division of Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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37
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Rajendran L, Udayar V, Goodger ZV. Lipid-anchored drugs for delivery into subcellular compartments. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:215-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Matsumori N, Tanada N, Nozu K, Okazaki H, Oishi T, Murata M. Design and synthesis of sphingomyelin-cholesterol conjugates and their formation of ordered membranes. Chemistry 2011; 17:8568-75. [PMID: 21728198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A lipid raft is a cholesterol (Chol)-rich microdomain floating in a sea of lipid bilayers. Although Chol is thought to interact preferentially with sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin (SM), rather than with glycerophospholipids, the origin of the specific interaction has remained unresolved, primarily because of the high mobility of lipid molecules and weak intermolecular interactions. In this study, we synthesized SM-Chol conjugates with functionally designed linker portions to restrain Chol mobility and examined their formation of ordered membranes by a detergent insolubility assay, fluorescence anisotropy experiments, and fluorescence-quenching assay. In all of the tests, membranes prepared from the conjugates showed properties of ordered domains comparable to a SM-Chol (1:1) membrane. To gain insight into the structure of bilayers composed from the conjugates, we performed molecular dynamics simulations with 64 molecules of the conjugates, which suggested that the conjugates form a stable bilayer structure by bending at the linker portion and, mostly, reproduce the hydrogen bonds between the SM and Chol portions. These results imply that the molecular recognition between SM and Chol in an ordered domain is essentially reproduced by the conjugated molecules and, thus, demonstrates that these conjugate molecules could potentially serve as molecular probes for understanding molecular recognition in lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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39
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Niikura K, Nambara K, Okajima T, Kamitani R, Aoki S, Matsuo Y, Ijiro K. Artificial polymeric receptors on the cell surface promote the efficient cellular uptake of quantum dots. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5787-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Liu Y, Liao P, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. Protein and small molecule recognition properties of deep cavitands in a supported lipid membrane determined by calcination-enhanced SPR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:10383-90. [PMID: 20617792 PMCID: PMC2945708 DOI: 10.1021/ja102252d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper details the incorporation of a water-soluble deep cavitand into a membrane bilayer assembled onto a nanoglassified surface for study of molecular recognition in a membrane-mimicking setting. The cavitand retains its host properties, and real-time analysis of the host:guest properties of the membrane:cavitand complex via surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence microscopy is described. The host shows selectivity for choline-derived substrates, and no competitive incorporation of substrate is observed in the membrane bilayer. A variety of trimethylammonium-derived substrates are suitable guests, displaying varied binding affinities in a millimolar range. The membrane:cavitand:guest complexes can be subsequently used to capture NeutrAvidin protein at the membrane surface if a biotin-derived guest molecule is used. The surface coverage of NeutrAvidin is affected by the spacer used to derivatize the biotin. Increased distance from the bilayer allows a higher concentration of protein to be immobilized, suggesting a diminishing detrimental steric effect when the binding event is shifted away from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Puhong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Richard J. Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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41
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42
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43
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Abstract
Fluorinated lipids get rapidly internalized into living cells and are also displayed on the cell surface. The uptake of lipids is energy dependent and is likely via the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. Fluorinated lipids are 3-5-fold more efficient in acting as molecular transporters of noncovalently bound proteins than their hydrocarbon counterparts. These materials could serve as efficient molecular transporters for molecules that function in the cytoplasm such as short interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Dafik
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | | | - Anthony Kar Lun Leung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
- Cancer Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02110
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44
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Wollack JW, Zeliadt NA, Mullen DG, Amundson G, Geier S, Falkum S, Wattenberg EV, Barany G, Distefano MD. Multifunctional prenylated peptides for live cell analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7293-303. [PMID: 19425596 DOI: 10.1021/ja805174z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein prenylation is a common post-translational modification present in eukaryotic cells. Many key proteins involved in signal transduction pathways are prenylated, and inhibition of prenylation can be useful as a therapeutic intervention. While significant progress has been made in understanding protein prenylation in vitro, we have been interested in studying this process in living cells, including the question of where prenylated molecules localize. Here, we describe the synthesis and live cell analysis of a series of fluorescently labeled multifunctional peptides, based on the C-terminus of the naturally prenylated protein CDC42. A synthetic route was developed that features a key Acm to Scm protecting group conversion. This strategy was compatible with acid-sensitive isoprenoid moieties and allowed incorporation of an appropriate fluorophore as well as a cell-penetrating sequence (penetratin). These peptides are able to enter cells through different mechanisms, depending on the presence or absence of the penetratin vehicle and the nature of the prenyl group attached. Interestingly, prenylated peptides lacking penetratin are able to enter cells freely through an energy-independent process and localize in a perinuclear fashion. This effect extends to a prenylated peptide that includes a full "CAAX box" sequence (specifically, CVLL). Hence, these peptides open the door for studies of protein prenylation in living cells, including enzymatic processing and intracellular peptide trafficking. Moreover, the synthetic strategy developed here should be useful for the assembly of other types of peptides that contain acid-sensitive functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Wollack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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45
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Sun Q, Cai S, Peterson BR. Practical synthesis of 3beta-amino-5-cholestene and related 3beta-halides involving i-steroid and retro-i-steroid rearrangements. Org Lett 2009; 11:567-70. [PMID: 19115840 DOI: 10.1021/ol802343z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of 3beta-amino-5-cholestene (3beta-cholesterylamine) are of substantial interest as cellular probes and have potential medicinal applications. However, existing syntheses of 3beta-amino-5-cholestene are of limited preparative utility. We report here a practical method for the stereoselective preparation of 3beta-amino-5-cholestene, 3beta-chloro-5-cholestene, 3beta-bromo-5-cholestene, and 3beta-iodo-5-cholestene from inexpensive cholesterol. A sequential i-steroid/retro-i-steroid rearrangement promoted by boron trifluoride etherate and trimethylsilyl azide converted cholest-5-en-3beta-ol methanesulfonate to 3beta-azido-cholest-5-ene with retention of configuration in 93% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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46
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Sun Q, Cai S, Peterson BR. Selective disruption of early/recycling endosomes: release of disulfide-linked cargo mediated by a N-alkyl-3beta-cholesterylamine-capped peptide. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10064-5. [PMID: 18613675 DOI: 10.1021/ja803380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of endocytic uptake pathways to deliver poorly permeable molecules into mammalian cells is often plagued by entrapment and degradation of material in late endosomes and lysosomes. As a strategy to prevent the exposure of cargo to these highly hydrolytic membrane-sealed compartments, we synthesized derivatives of the membrane anchor N-alkyl-3beta-cholesterylamine that selectively target linked compounds to less hydrolytic early/recycling endosomes. By targeting a pH-dependent membrane-lytic dodecapeptide and a disulfide-linked fluorophore to these compartments in Chinese hamster ovary cells or Jurkat lymphocytes, membranes of early/recycling endosomes were selectively disrupted, resulting in cleavage of the disulfide and escape of the fluorophore into the cytosol and nucleus with low toxicity. The ability of appropriately designed N-alkyl-3beta-cholesterylamines to deliver cargo into and release disulfide-linked cargo from relatively nonhydrolytic early/recycling endosomes may be useful for the delivery of a variety of sensitive molecules into living mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Integrative Biosciences and Chemistry Graduate Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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47
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Boonyarattanakalin S, Martin SE, Sun Q, Peterson BR. A synthetic mimic of human Fc receptors: defined chemical modification of cell surfaces enables efficient endocytic uptake of human immunoglobulin-G. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:11463-70. [PMID: 16939269 PMCID: PMC2528877 DOI: 10.1021/ja062377w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Binding of ligands to macromolecular receptors on the surface of mammalian cells often results in ligand uptake through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Certain human leukocytes and epithelial cells express Fc receptors (FcRs) that bind and internalize antibodies through this mechanism. To mimic this process, we synthesized an artificial FcR comprising the membrane anchor N-alkyl-3beta-amino-5alpha-cholestane linked to a disulfide-constrained cyclic peptide, termed FcIII, known to exhibit high affinity and specificity for the Fc region of human IgG. Treatment of human Jurkat lymphocytes that lack natural FcRs with the synthetic FcR (1 microM, 1 h) installed an average of approximately 6.2 x 10(5) synthetic receptor molecules per cell surface. These treated cells gained the capacity to internalize human IgG at levels greater than human THP-1 cells that express the natural receptors FcgammaRI and FcgammaRII. By linking binding motifs for circulating ligands to membrane anchors that cycle between the cell surface and intracellular endosomes, minimalistic cell surface receptors can be used to destroy targeted ligands by endocytosis. These small mimics of macromolecular receptors may be useful for controlling the extracellular abundance of ligands involved in disease.
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Boonyarattanakalin S, Hu J, Dykstra-Rummel SA, August A, Peterson BR. Endocytic delivery of vancomycin mediated by a synthetic cell surface receptor: rescue of bacterially infected Mammalian cells and tissue targeting in vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:268-9. [PMID: 17212394 PMCID: PMC2536652 DOI: 10.1021/ja067674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular domains of internalizing cell surface receptors are often targeted to enable drug delivery through the mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis. To circumvent natural receptors required for endocytic drug delivery, we constructed a small artificial cell surface receptor comprising the membrane anchor N -alkyl-3β-cholesterylamine linked to a D-Phe-D-Ala motif that binds the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. By mimicking membrane association and trafficking properties of cholesterol, this cholesterol-derived synthetic receptor functions as a prosthetic molecule, inserting into plasma membranes of mammalian cells, and rapidly cycling between the cell surface and intracellular endosomes. Human HeLa cells treated with this receptor gained the ability to internalize vancomycin by endocytosis, enabling this cell-impermeable antibiotic to eradicate the lethal intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes , and preserving the viability of the host cells in vitro . Moreover, when combined with the synthetic receptor, vancomycin penetrated the blood brain barrier, accumulating in the brain and other tissues of mice in vivo . Because of their ability to define new pathways across biological membrane barriers, small synthetic cell surface receptors represent promising tools for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianfang Hu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | | | - Avery August
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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49
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Mottram L, Boonyarattanakalin S, Kovel RE, Peterson BR. The Pennsylvania Green Fluorophore: a hybrid of Oregon Green and Tokyo Green for the construction of hydrophobic and pH-insensitive molecular probes. Org Lett 2006; 8:581-4. [PMID: 16468716 PMCID: PMC2531145 DOI: 10.1021/ol052655g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Fluorescent small molecules are powerful tools for exploring cellular biology. As a more hydrophobic, photostable, and less pH-sensitive alternative to fluorescein, we synthesized Pennsylvania Green, a bright, monoanionic fluorophore related to Oregon Green and Tokyo Green. Comparison of membrane probes comprising N-alkyl-3beta-cholesterylamine linked to 4-carboxy-Tokyo Green (pK(a) approximately 6.2) and 4-carboxy-Pennsylvania Green (pK(a) approximately 4.8) revealed that only Pennsylvania Green was highly fluorescent in acidic early and recycling endosomes within living mammalian cells.
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50
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Limaye A, Koya V, Samsam M, Daniell H. Receptor-mediated oral delivery of a bioencapsulated green fluorescent protein expressed in transgenic chloroplasts into the mouse circulatory system. FASEB J 2006; 20:959-61. [PMID: 16603603 PMCID: PMC3481851 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-5134fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of biopharmaceutical proteins expressed in plant cells should reduce their cost of production, purification, processing, cold storage, transportation, and delivery. However, poor intestinal absorption of intact proteins is a major challenge. To overcome this limitation, we investigate here the concept of receptor-mediated oral delivery of chloroplast-expressed foreign proteins. Therefore, the transmucosal carrier cholera toxin B-subunit and green fluorescent protein (CTB-GFP), separated by a furin cleavage site, was expressed via the tobacco chloroplast genome. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses confirmed site-specific transgene integration and homoplasmy. Immunoblot analysis and ELISA confirmed expression of monomeric and pentameric forms of CTB-GFP, up to 21.3% of total soluble proteins. An in vitro furin cleavage assay confirmed integrity of the engineered furin cleavage site, and a GM1 binding assay confirmed the functionality of CTB-GFP pentamers. Following oral administration of CTB-GFP expressing leaf material to mice, GFP was observed in the mice intestinal mucosa, liver, and spleen in fluorescence and immunohistochemical studies, while CTB remained in the intestinal cell. This report of receptor-mediated oral delivery of a foreign protein into the circulatory system opens the door for low-cost production and delivery of human therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohtashem Samsam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science, Orlando, Florida, USA
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