1
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Shinotsuka Y, Nakajima R, Ogawa K, Takise K, Takeuchi Y, Tanaka H, Sasaki K. Stereoselective synthesis of D- glycero-D- manno-heptose-1β,7-bisphosphate (HBP) from D-mannurono-2,6-lactone. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2544-2548. [PMID: 38414338 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00139g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of D-glycero-D-manno-heptose-1β,7-bisphosphate (HBP) from D-mannose is described. This synthetic approach is notable for the elongation of the seventh carbon, employing mannurono-2,6-lactone, the substrate-controlled establishment of the C-6 configuration, and the nucleophilic introduction of phosphate at the C-1 position through the utilization of 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-triflate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shinotsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Riko Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Kaede Takise
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Takeuchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H101, Ookayama, Muguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H101, Ookayama, Muguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kaname Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan.
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2
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Maji S, Ghotekar BK, Kulkarni SS. Total Synthesis of a Conjugation-Ready Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit of Vibrio cholerae O:3 O-antigen Polysaccharide. Org Lett 2024; 26:745-750. [PMID: 38198674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first total synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of Vibrio cholerae O:3 O-antigen polysaccharide. The highly complex tetrasaccharide contains rare amino sugars such as d-bacillosamine and l-fucosamine, highly labile sugar ascarylose, and higher carbon sugar d-d-heptose. Stereoselective glycosylation of the notoriously reactive ascarylose with d-d-heptose, poor nucleophilicity of the axial C4-OH of l-fucosamine, and amide coupling are the key challenges encountered in the total synthesis, which was completed via a longest linear sequence of 23 steps in 4.2% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyakanta Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Balasaheb K Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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3
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Dhara D, Mulard LA, Hollenstein M. Expedient synthesis of l-heptose derived septacidin building blocks from l-glucose. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108985. [PMID: 38016254 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial natural products containing heptosides such as septacidin represent interesting scaffolds for the development of drugs to combat antimicrobial resistance. However, very few synthetic strategies have been reported to grant access to these derivatives. Here, we have devised a synthetic pathway to l-glycero-l-glucoheptoside, a key building block en route to septacidin, directly from l-glucose. Importantly, we show that carbon homologation at C6, encompassing oxidation of the C6-OH followed by methylenation, is significantly influenced by the nature of the C4-moiety. In order to observe the effect of various patterns, namely azide (N3), p-methoxybenzyloxy (OPMB), and benzyloxy (OBn), a thorough analysis was conducted on the corresponding l-glucosides. The results unveiled a distinct trend where the efficiency of methylenation followed the trend OBn > OPMB > N3. Finally, the C6-alkene was dihydroxylated in the presence of osmium tetroxide to yield the expected l/d-glycero-l-glucoheptosides. The lead building block, which features a C-4 azide, was delivered as a phenyl thioglycoside. Added to the suitable masking of the 6,7-diol, this combination enables further functionalization to achieve versatile compounds of biological interest. The study insights into the interplay between substitution at C-4 and carbon homologation at C-6 provide valuable guidance for future endeavors in the synthesis of these carbohydrate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dhara
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Chemistry of Biomolecules, 28 Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Laurence A Mulard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Chemistry of Biomolecules, 28 Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France.
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France.
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4
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Sasaki K, Uesaki N. Conformationally restricted donors for stereoselective glycosylation. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 82:107-155. [PMID: 36470647 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In nucleophilic reactions using sugars as electrophiles, i.e., glycosyl donors, their conformation affects the generation rate or stability of the glycosyl cation intermediates and determines at which side of the SN2-SN1 borderline and at what rate the reaction occurs. In addition, changes in the conformation create the steric or stereoelectronic effects of the substituents, which also change the reaction rate and stereoselectivity. Bulky silyl protecting groups, uronic acid esters, and transannular structures have been utilized to change the conformation. Consequently, reactions with unique reactivities and stereoselectivities have been developed. In this chapter, a discussion of the reaction mechanisms relating stereoselectivity to conformation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan.
| | - Nanako Uesaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
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5
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Romano C, Talavera L, Gómez-Bengoa E, Martin R. Correction to "Conformational Flexibility as a Tool for Enabling Site-Selective Functionalization of Unactivated sp3 C-O Bonds in Cyclic Acetals". J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14959. [PMID: 35926170 PMCID: PMC9389585 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Zhou XY, Li LX, Zhang Z, Duan SC, Huang YW, Luo YY, Mu XD, Chen ZW, Qin Y, Hu J, Yin J, Yang JS. Chemical Synthesis and Antigenic Evaluation of Inner Core Oligosaccharides from Acinetobacter baumannii Lipopolysaccharide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204420. [PMID: 35543248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is currently posing a serious threat to global health. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent virulence factor of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. To explore the antigenic properties of A. baumannii LPS, four Kdo-containing inner core glycans from A. baumannii strain ATCC 17904 were synthesized. A flexible and divergent method based on the use of the orthogonally substituted α-Kdo-(2→5)-Kdo disaccharides was developed. Selective removal of different protecting groups in these key precursors and elongation of sugar chain via α-stereocontrolled coupling with 5,7-O-di-tert-butylsilylene or 5-O-benzoyl protected Kdo thioglycosides and 2-azido-2-deoxyglucosyl thioglycoside allowed efficient assembly of the target molecules. Glycan microarray analysis of sera from infected patients revealed that the 4,5-branched Kdo trimer was a potential antigenic epitope, which is attractive for further immunological research to develop carbohydrate vaccines against A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shi-Chao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi-Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jin-Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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7
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Zhou X, Li L, Zhang Z, Duan S, Huang Y, Luo Y, Mu X, Chen Z, Qin Y, Hu J, Yin J, Yang J. Chemical Synthesis and Antigenic Evaluation of Inner Core Oligosaccharides from
Acinetobacter baumannii
Lipopolysaccharide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian‐Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ling‐Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Shi‐Chao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ying‐Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yi‐Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhi‐Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jin‐Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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8
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Meng S, Hettiarachchi IL, Bhetuwal BR, Thapa P, Zhu J. Stereoselective Synthesis of β-d-Manno-heptopyranoside via Cs 2CO 3-Mediated Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of a Tetrasaccharide Repeat Unit of Bacillus thermoaerophilus Surface-Layer Glycoprotein. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6588-6600. [PMID: 35537215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective synthesis of d-glycero- and l-glycero-β-d-mannoheptosides has been achieved by cesium carbonate-mediated β-selective anomeric O-alkylation of the corresponding d-mannoheptoses. In addition, this method has been utilized in the total synthesis of a tetrasaccharide repeat unit of Bacillus thermoaerophilus surface-layer glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Ishani Lakshika Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Bishwa Raj Bhetuwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Prakash Thapa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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9
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Chen Y, Wu Z, Li X, Hu Y, Yang Y. Promoter-Assisted Stereoselective Synthesis of the 6-Deoxy-β-d- manno-heptopyranose Oligosaccharides. Org Lett 2021; 23:3216-3220. [PMID: 33797266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a promoter-assisted glycosidation approach for the stereoselective synthesis of the 6-deoxy-β-d-manno-heptopyranose oligosaccharides. SphosAuNTf2-promoted glycosidation of 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptopyranosyl o-hexynylbenzoate with common alcohols afforded a range of 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptosides with good to excellent β-selectivities. The counterion and the ligand of SPhosAuNTf2 were found to have a dramatic effect on the formation of the 1,2-cis-β-linked 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptosides. This approach was effectively applied to the stereocontrolled synthesis of the 6-deoxy-β-d-manno-heptopyranose oligosaccharides relevant to Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zunxian Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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10
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Muru K, Gauthier C. Glycosylation and Protecting Group Strategies Towards the Synthesis of Saponins and Bacterial Oligosaccharides: A Personal Account. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2990-3004. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Muru
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) 531, boulevard des Prairies Laval Québec Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) 531, boulevard des Prairies Laval Québec Canada H7V 1B7
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11
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Crich D. En Route to the Transformation of Glycoscience: A Chemist's Perspective on Internal and External Crossroads in Glycochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17-34. [PMID: 33350830 PMCID: PMC7856254 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate chemistry is an essential component of the glycosciences and is fundamental to their progress. This Perspective takes the position that carbohydrate chemistry, or glycochemistry, has reached three crossroads on the path to the transformation of the glycosciences, and illustrates them with examples from the author's and other laboratories. The first of these potential inflexion points concerns the mechanism of the glycosylation reaction and the role of protecting groups. It is argued that the experimental evidence supports bimolecular SN2-like mechanisms for typical glycosylation reactions over unimolecular ones involving stereoselective attack on naked glycosyl oxocarbenium ions. Similarly, it is argued that the experimental evidence does not support long-range stereodirecting participation of remote esters through bridged bicyclic dioxacarbenium ions in organic solution in the presence of typical counterions. Rational design and improvement of glycosylation reactions must take into account the roles of the counterion and of concentration. A second crossroads is that between mainstream organic chemistry and glycan synthesis. The case is made that the only real difference between glycan and organic synthesis is the formation of C-O rather than C-C bonds, with diastereocontrol, strategy, tactics, and elegance being of critical importance in both areas: mainstream organic chemists should feel comfortable taking this fork in the road, just as carbohydrate chemists should traveling in the opposite direction. A third crossroads is that between carbohydrate chemistry and medicinal chemistry, where there are equally many opportunities for traffic in either direction. The glycosciences have advanced enormously in the past decade or so, but creativity, input, and ingenuity of scientists from all fields is needed to address the many sophisticated challenges that remain, not the least of which is the development of a broader and more general array of stereospecific glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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12
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Cao X, Yang Y. Total Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of the Tri-d-glycero-d-manno-heptose Antigen of the Lipopolysaccharide as a Vaccine Candidate against Helicobacter pylori. Org Lett 2020; 22:8780-8785. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junchang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yirong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Junru Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, 179 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Jeanneret RA, Johnson SE, Galan MC. Conformationally Constrained Glycosyl Donors as Tools to Control Glycosylation Outcomes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15801-15826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Jeanneret
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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14
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Wang J, Rong J, Lou Q, Zhu Y, Yang Y. Synthesis of l- glycero- and d- glycero-d- manno-Heptose Building Blocks for Stereoselective Assembly of the Lipopolysaccharide Core Trisaccharide of Vibrio parahemolyticus O2. Org Lett 2020; 22:8018-8022. [PMID: 32991182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of bacterial cell surface l-glycero-d-manno-heptose (l,d-Hep)- and d-glycero-d-manno-heptose (d,d-Hep)-containing higher carbon sugars is a challenging task. Here, we report a convenient and efficient approach for the synthesis of the l,d-Hep and d,d-Hep building blocks. Using l-lyxose and d-ribose as starting materials, this approach features diastereoselective Mukaiyama-type aldol reactions as the key steps. On the basis of the synthetic l,d-Hep and d,d-Hep building blocks, we achieved the first stereoselective synthesis of the unique α-l,d-Hep-(1→3)-α-d,d-Hep-(1→5)-α-Kdo core trisaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio parahemolyticus O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingjing Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qixin Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yirong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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15
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Geng X, Wang G, Guo Z, Gu G. Synthesis of the Oligosaccharides of Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei Capsular Polysaccharide and Preliminary Immunological Studies of Their Protein Conjugates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2369-2384. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Geng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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16
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Wang X, Chen Y, Wang J, Yang Y. Total Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Antigen of the Campylobacter jejuni RM1221 Capsular Polysaccharide via de Novo Synthesis of the 6-Deoxy-d- manno-heptose Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2393-2403. [PMID: 30691266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A de novo approach utilizing the d-proline-catalyzed and LDA-promoted aldol reactions as key steps for the preparation of differentiated-protected 6-deoxy-d- manno-heptose building blocks was developed. PPh3AuBAr4F-catalyzed glycosylation with the 6-deoxy-d- manno-heptosyl o-hexynylbenzoate as donor was demonstrated as a direct and practical method for the stereoselective synthesis of the β-linked 6-deoxy-d- manno-heptoside as the major product. Coupling of the 6-deoxy-α-d- manno-heptosyl H-phosphonate with the 3-hydroxyl disaccharide acceptor based on H-phosphonate chemistry was described for the construction of the trisaccharide skeleton with the acid-labile phosphodiester linkage. Finally, first total synthesis of the unique trisaccharide antigen of the capsular polysaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni RM1221 that belongs to HS:53 serotype complex was accomplished for further evaluation as vaccine candidate against C. jejuni RM1221 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Junchang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
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17
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Janssens J, Risseeuw MDP, Van der Eycken J, Van Calenbergh S. Regioselective Ring Opening of 1,3-Dioxane-Type Acetals in Carbohydrates. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Janssens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW); Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 (S4) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Martijn D. P. Risseeuw
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW); Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 (S4) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW); Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
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18
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19
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Synthesis of d - glycero - d - manno -heptose 1,7-bisphosphate (HBP) featuring a β-stereoselective bis-phosphorylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Zhou J, Lv S, Zhang D, Xia F, Hu W. Deactivating Influence of 3-O-Glycosyl Substituent on Anomeric Reactivity of Thiomannoside Observed in Oligomannoside Synthesis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2599-2621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Siying Lv
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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21
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Multigram-scale synthesis of l,d-heptoside using a Fleming-Tamao oxidation promoted by mercuric trifluoroacetate. Carbohydr Res 2016; 432:71-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Dharuman S, Crich D. Determination of the Influence of Side-Chain Conformation on Glycosylation Selectivity using Conformationally Restricted Donors. Chemistry 2016; 22:4535-42. [PMID: 26880055 PMCID: PMC4792696 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of conformationally locked mannopyranosyl thioglycosides in which the C6-O6 bond adopts either the gauche,gauche, gauche,trans, or trans,gauche conformation is described, and their influence on glycosylation stereoselectivity investigated. Two 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected mannosyl thioglycosides carrying axial or equatorial methyl groups at the 6-position were also synthesized and the selectivity of their glycosylation reactions studied to enable a distinction to be made between steric and stereoelectronic effects. The presence of an axial methoxy group at C6 in the bicyclic donor results in a decreased preference for formation of the β-mannoside, whereas an axial methyl group has little effect on selectivity. The result is rationalized in terms of through-space stabilization of a transient intermediate oxocarbenium ion by the axial methoxy group resulting in a higher degree of SN 1-like character in the glycosylation reaction. Comparisons are made with literature examples and exceptions are discussed in terms of pervading steric effects layered on top of the basic stereoelectronic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Dharuman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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23
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Mulani SK, Cheng KC, Mong KKT. General Homologation Strategy for Synthesis of l-glycero- and d-glycero-Heptopyranoses. Org Lett 2015; 17:5536-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen K. Mulani
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Taiwan 300, R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Chun Cheng
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Taiwan 300, R.O.C
| | - Kwok-Kong T. Mong
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Taiwan 300, R.O.C
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24
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Yoshida JI, Shimizu A, Ashikari Y, Morofuji T, Hayashi R, Nokami T, Nagaki A. Reaction Integration Using Electrogenerated Cationic Intermediates. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Tatsuya Morofuji
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Ryutaro Hayashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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25
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Frihed TG, Bols M, Pedersen CM. Mechanisms of Glycosylation Reactions Studied by Low-Temperature Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4963-5013. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500434x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Zhu Y, Yu B. Highly Stereoselective β-Mannopyranosylation via the 1-α-Glycosyloxy-isochromenylium-4-gold(I) Intermediates. Chemistry 2015; 21:8771-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Tamigney Kenfack M, Blériot Y, Gauthier C. Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery Enables the Synthesis of 6-Deoxy-β-d-manno-heptosides as Fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei Capsular Polysaccharide. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4615-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500640n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Tamigney Kenfack
- Université de Poitiers, Institut de Chimie IC2MP, UMR-CNRS 7285, Équipe Synthèse Organique, 4 rue Michel
Brunet, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Blériot
- Université de Poitiers, Institut de Chimie IC2MP, UMR-CNRS 7285, Équipe Synthèse Organique, 4 rue Michel
Brunet, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Université de Poitiers, Institut de Chimie IC2MP, UMR-CNRS 7285, Équipe Synthèse Organique, 4 rue Michel
Brunet, 86073 Poitiers, France
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28
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Gao J, Guo Z. Synthesis of a tristearoyl lipomannan via preactivation-based iterative one-pot glycosylation. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12717-25. [PMID: 24266397 PMCID: PMC3906423 DOI: 10.1021/jo4021979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A convergent and efficient strategy was developed for the synthesis of lipomannan (LM), useful for vaccine development. Thioglycosides were employed as glycosyl donors to construct two key pseudotrisaccharide and tetramannose intermediates through preactivation-based glycosylation strategy. These building blocks were then successfully coupled to form the LM core, which was lapidated, phospholipidated, and finally globally deprotected to afford the target molecule. The intermediate LM core involved in this synthesis contained orthogonal protections, which would facilitate its variable modifications for the preparation of other complex LM derivatives and for the synthesis of LM conjugates as LM-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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29
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Tikad A, Vincent SP. Constrained 3,6-Anhydro-Heptosides: Synthesis by a DAST-Induced Debenzylative Reaction, and Reactivity Profile. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Improved methods for the stereoselective synthesis of mannoheptosyl donors and their glycosides: toward the synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the Campylobacter jejuni RM1221 capsular polysaccharide. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Frihed TG, Walvoort MTC, Codée JDC, van der Marel GA, Bols M, Pedersen CM. Influence of O6 in Mannosylations Using Benzylidene Protected Donors: Stereoelectronic or Conformational Effects? J Org Chem 2013; 78:2191-205. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gylling Frihed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marthe T. C. Walvoort
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Gijs A. van der Marel
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Yang L, Qin Q, Ye XS. Preactivation: An Alternative Strategy in Stereoselective Glycosylation and Oligosaccharide Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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33
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Swarts BM, Guo Z. Chemical synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2012; 67:137-219. [PMID: 22794184 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396527-1.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Durka M, Buffet K, Iehl J, Holler M, Nierengarten JF, Vincent SP. The Inhibition of Liposaccharide Heptosyltransferase WaaC with Multivalent Glycosylated Fullerenes: A New Mode of Glycosyltransferase Inhibition. Chemistry 2011; 18:641-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Crich D. Methodology development and physical organic chemistry: a powerful combination for the advancement of glycochemistry. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9193-209. [PMID: 21919522 PMCID: PMC3215858 DOI: 10.1021/jo2017026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective outlines work in the Crich group on the diastereoselective synthesis of the so-called difficult classes of glycosidic bond: the 2-deoxy-β-glycopyranosides, the β-mannopyranosides, the α-sialosides, the α-glucopyranosides, and the β-arabinofuranosides with an emphasis on the critical interplay between mechanism and methodology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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36
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Durka M, Tikad A, Périon R, Bosco M, Andaloussi M, Floquet S, Malacain E, Moreau F, Oxoby M, Gerusz V, Vincent SP. Systematic Synthesis of Inhibitors of the Two First Enzymes of the Bacterial Heptose Biosynthetic Pathway: Towards Antivirulence Molecules Targeting Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis. Chemistry 2011; 17:11305-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Shankaraiah G, Sateesh Chandra Kumar R, Poornima B, Babu KS. Stereoselective synthesis of (+)-radicamine B. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Swarts BM, Guo Z. Chemical synthesis and functionalization of clickable glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors. Chem Sci 2011; 2:2342-2352. [PMID: 22163072 PMCID: PMC3233219 DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchorage is a common posttranslational modification of eukaryotic proteins. Chemical synthesis of structurally defined GPIs and GPI derivatives is a necessary step toward understanding the properties and functions of these molecules in biological systems. In this work, the synthesis of several functionalized GPI anchors was accomplished using the para-methoxybenzyl (PMB) group for permanent hydroxyl protection, which allowed the incorporation of functionalities that are incompatible with permanent protecting groups traditionally used in carbohydrate synthesis. A flexible convergent-divergent assembly strategy enabled efficient access to a diverse set of target structures, including "clickable" Alkynyl-GPIs 1 and 2 and Azido-GPI 3. For global deprotection, a one-pot reaction was employed to afford the target GPIs in excellent yields (85-97%). Fully deprotected clickable GPIs 2 and 3 were readily conjugated to imaging and affinity probes via Cu(I)-catalyzed and Cu-free strain-promoted [3+2] cycloaddition, respectively, resulting in GPI-Fluor 4 and GPI-Biotin 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Swarts
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. Fax: 1-313-577-8822; Tel: 1-313-577-2557
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. Fax: 1-313-577-8822; Tel: 1-313-577-2557
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39
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Noland WE, Etienne CL, Lanzatella NP. Synthesis of vinylindoles and vinylpyrroles by the Peterson olefination or by use of the Nysted reagent. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Glycosylation is arguably the most important reaction in the field of glycochemistry, yet it involves one of the most empirically interpreted mechanisms in the science of organic chemistry. The beta-mannopyranosides, long considered one of the more difficult classes of glycosidic bond to prepare, were no exception to this rule. A number of logical but circuitous routes for their preparation were described in the literature, but they were accompanied by an even greater number of mostly ineffective recipes with which to access them directly. This situation changed in 1996 with the discovery of the 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal as a control element permitting direct entry into the beta-mannopyranosides, typically with high yield and selectivity. The unexpected nature of this phenomenon demanded study of the mechanism, leading first to the demonstration of the alpha-mannopyranosyl triflates as reaction intermediates and then to the development of alpha-deuterium kinetic isotope effect methods to probe their transformation into the product glycosides. In this Account, we assemble our observations into a comprehensive assessment consistent with a single mechanistic scheme. The realization that in the glucopyranose series the 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal is alpha- rather than beta-directing led to further investigations of substituent effects on the stereoselectivity of these glycosylation reactions, culminating in their explanation in terms of the covalent alpha-glycosyl triflates acting as a reservoir for a series of transient contact and solvent-separated ion pairs. The function of the benzylidene acetal, as explained by Bols and co-workers, is to lock the C6-O6 bond antiperiplanar to the C5-O5 bond, thereby maximizing its electron-withdrawing effect, destabilizing the glycosyl oxocarbenium ion, and shifting the equilibria as far as possible toward the covalent triflate. beta-Selective reactions result from attack of the nucleophile on the transient contact ion pair in which the alpha-face of the oxocarbenium ion is shielded by the triflate counterion. The alpha-products arise from attack either on the solvent-separated ion pair or on a free oxocarbenium ion, according to the dictates of the anomeric effect. Changes in selectivity from varying stereochemistry (glucose versus mannose) or from using different protecting groups can be explained by the shifting position of the key equilibria and, in particular, by the energy differences between the covalent triflate and the ion pairs. Of particular note is the importance of substitutents at the 3-position of the donor; an explanation is proposed that invokes their evolving torsional interaction with the substituent at C2 as the chair form of the covalent triflate moves toward the half-chair of the oxocarbenium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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41
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Swarts BM, Guo Z. Synthesis of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor bearing unsaturated lipid chains. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6648-50. [PMID: 20423078 PMCID: PMC2873617 DOI: 10.1021/ja1009037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A GPI anchor bearing unsaturated fatty acid lipid chains (1) was synthesized by a highly convergent strategy employing the para-methoxybenzyl group for permanent hydroxyl protection. The final global deprotection was achieved by an efficient three-step, one-pot procedure to give an 81% isolated yield of the target structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Swarts
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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42
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Crich D, Picard S. Highly stereoselective synthesis of alpha-D-mannopyranosyl phosphosugars. J Org Chem 2010; 74:9576-9. [PMID: 19924835 DOI: 10.1021/jo902254w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-mannopyranosyl phosphosugars are obtained in 61-90% yields from 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected mannosyl thioglycosides bearing ester functionality in the 3-O-position by coupling reactions with ammonium salts of phosphosugars on activation with 1-benzenesulfinyl piperidine, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylpyrimidine, and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride. Due to the presence of the disarming ester group, only the formation of the alpha-isomer was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Larraufie MH, Ollivier C, Fensterbank L, Malacria M, Lacôte E. Radical Synthesis of Guanidines fromN-Acyl Cyanamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Larraufie MH, Ollivier C, Fensterbank L, Malacria M, Lacôte E. Radical Synthesis of Guanidines fromN-Acyl Cyanamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2178-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200907237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fraser-Reid B, López JC. Armed-disarmed effects in carbohydrate chemistry: history, synthetic and mechanistic studies. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 301:1-29. [PMID: 21120714 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This chapter begins with an account of the serendipitous events that led to the development of n-pentenyl glycosides (NPGs) as glycosyl donors, followed by the chance events that laid the foundation for the armed-disarmed strategy for oligosaccharide assembly. A key mechanistic issue for this strategy was that, although both armed and disarmed entities could function independently as glycosyl donors, when one was forced to compete with the other for one equivalent of a halonium ion, the disarmed partner was found to function as a glycosyl acceptor. The phenomenon was undoubtedly based on reactivity, but further insight came unexpectedly. Curiosity prompted an examination of how ω-alkenyl glycosides, other than n-pentenyl, would behave. Upon treatment with wet N-bromosuccinimide, allyl, butenyl, and hexenyl glucosides gave bromohydrins, whereas the pentenyl analog underwent oxidative hydrolysis to a hemiacetal. Although the answer was definitive, an in depth comparison of n-pentenyl and n-hexenyl glucosides was carried out which provided evidence in support of the transfer of cyclic bromonium ion between alkenes in a steady-state phenomenon. It was found that for two ω-alkenyl glycosides having a relative reactivity ratio of only 2.6:1, nondegenerate bromonium transfer enabled the faster reacting entity to be converted completely to product, while the slower reacting counterpart was recovered completely. This nuance suggests that in the armed/disarmed coupling, such a nondegenerate steady-state transfer is ultimately responsible for determining how the reactants are relegated to donor or acceptor roles.Development of chemoselective armed/disarmed coupling led to another phase in the sequence of serendipities. During experiments to glycosylate an acceptor diol, it was found that armed and disarmed donor's glycosylated different hydroxyl groups. This observation caused us to embark on studies of regioselective glycosylation. One of these studies showed that it is possible to activate selectively n-pentenyl orthoesters (NPOEs) over other n-pentenyl donors, and that this chemoselective process enables regioselective glycosylation. As a result, reaction partners can be so tuned that glycosylation of an acceptor with nine free hydroxyl groups by an n-pentenyl orthoester donor carrying two free hydroxyl groups is able to furnish a single product in 42% yield. Experiments such as the latter suggest that the donor favors a particular hydroxyl group, and/or that a particular hydroxyl favors the donor. Either option implies that the principle of reciprocal donor acceptor selectivity (RDAS) is in operation.Such examples of regioselective glycosylation provide an alternative to the traditional practice of multiple protection/deprotection events to ensure that the only free hydroxyl group among glycosyl partners is the one to be presented to the donor. By avoiding such protection/deprotections, there can be substantial savings of time and material - as well as nervous anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Fraser-Reid
- Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute Inc. (NPG), Pittsboro, NC, USA,
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Taber DF, Paquette CM, Reddy PG. One Carbon Homologation of Halides to Benzyl Ethers. Tetrahedron Lett 2009; 50:2462-2463. [PMID: 20161269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of one carbon homologated benzyl ethers from alkyl and aromatic halides is reported. The coupling reaction is rapid and efficient at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglass F Taber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716,
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48
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Crich D, Li L. Stereocontrolled synthesis of D- and L-beta-rhamnopyranosides with 4-O-6-S-alpha-cyanobenzylidene-protected 6-thiorhamnopyranosyl thioglycosides. J Org Chem 2009; 74:773-81. [PMID: 19132946 PMCID: PMC2696688 DOI: 10.1021/jo8022439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of both enantiomers of a 4-O-6-S-alpha-cyanobenzylidene-protected 6-thiorhamnopyranosyl thioglycoside is described starting from D-mannnose and L-arabinose derivatives for the D- and L-series, respectively. This donor is effective in the preparation of the corresponding beta-glycosides using the 1-benzenesulfinyl piperidine/trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride protocol. Following desulfurization and concomitant debenzylation with Raney nickel, the so-formed 6-thio-beta-mannosides are converted in high yield to the beta-rhamnopyranosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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Dohi H, Périon R, Durka M, Bosco M, Roué Y, Moreau F, Grizot S, Ducruix A, Escaich S, Vincent SP. Stereoselective glycal fluorophosphorylation: synthesis of ADP-2-fluoroheptose, an inhibitor of the LPS biosynthesis. Chemistry 2008; 14:9530-9. [PMID: 18833547 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heptosides are found in important bacterial glycolipids such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the biosynthesis of which is targeted for the development of novel antibacterial agents. This work describes the synthesis of a fluorinated analogue of ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptopyranose, the donor substrate of the heptosyl transferase WaaC, which catalyzes the incorporation of this carbohydrate into LPS. Synthetically, the key step for the preparation of ADP-2F-heptose is the simultaneous and stereoselective installation of both the fluorine atom at C-2 and the phosphoryl group at C-1 through a selectfluor-mediated (selectfluor=1-chloromethyl-4-fluorodiazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(triflate)) electrophilic addition/nucleophilic substitution involving a heptosylglycal. Therefore, we detail in this article 1) the stereoselective preparation of the key intermediates heptosylglycals, 2) the development of a new fluorophosphorylation procedure allowing an excellent beta-gluco stereoselectivity with "all-equatorial" glycals, 3) the synthesis of the target ADP-2F-heptose, and 4) some comments on the contacts observed between the fluorine atom of the final molecule and the protein in the crystallographic structure of heptosyltransferase WaaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Dohi
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (FR 2769), UMR 8642: CNRS-ENS-UPMC Paris 6, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France)
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