1
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Liu M, Li S. Nitrile biosynthesis in nature: how and why? Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:649-671. [PMID: 38193577 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2023Natural nitriles comprise a small set of secondary metabolites which however show intriguing chemical and functional diversity. Various patterns of nitrile biosynthesis can be seen in animals, plants, and microorganisms with the characteristics of both evolutionary divergence and convergence. These specialized compounds play important roles in nitrogen metabolism, chemical defense against herbivores, predators and pathogens, and inter- and/or intraspecies communications. Here we review the naturally occurring nitrile-forming pathways from a biochemical perspective and discuss the biological and ecological functions conferred by diversified nitrile biosyntheses in different organisms. Elucidation of the mechanisms and evolutionary trajectories of nitrile biosynthesis underpins better understandings of nitrile-related biology, chemistry, and ecology and will ultimately benefit the development of desirable nitrile-forming biocatalysts for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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2
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Maurya JP, Ramasastry SSV. Phosphine-Promoted Ring Opening/Recyclization of Cyclopropyl Ketones to Access Hydrofluorenones. Org Lett 2024; 26:2282-2286. [PMID: 38471028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The ring-reorganizing transformations of activated cyclopropanes are typically achieved under acidic conditions. This Letter describes the first acid-free and Lewis base-mediated cascade ring opening/recyclization of designed cyclopropyl ketones to access tetrahydrofluorenones. We rationally merged the nucleophilic features of phosphines with the electronically biased cyclopropanes to synthesize several new classes of hydrofluorenones. We have also demonstrated the synthetic utility of the products in accessing highly functionalized molecular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Maurya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, S A S Nagar, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, S A S Nagar, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
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3
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Han EJ, Lee SR, Townsend CA, Seyedsayamdost MR. Targeted Discovery of Cryptic Enediyne Natural Products via FRET-Coupled High-Throughput Elicitor Screening. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1854-1862. [PMID: 37463302 PMCID: PMC11062413 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Enediyne antibiotics are a striking family of DNA-cleaving natural products with high degrees of cytotoxicity and structural complexity. Microbial genome sequences, which have recently accumulated, point to an untapped trove of "cryptic" enediynes. Most of the cognate biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are sparingly expressed under standard growth conditions, making it difficult to characterize their products. Herein, we report a fluorescence-based DNA cleavage assay coupled with high-throughput elicitor screening for the rapid, targeted discovery of cryptic enediyne metabolites. We applied the approach to Streptomyces clavuligerus, which harbors two such BGCs with unknown products, identified steroids as effective elicitors, and characterized 10 cryptic enediyne-derived natural products, termed clavulynes A-J with unusual carbonate and terminal olefin functionalities, with one of these congeners matching the recently reported jejucarboside. Our results contribute to the growing repertoire of enediynes and provide a blueprint for identifying additional ones in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Han
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Craig A Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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4
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Adak S, Ye N, Calderone LA, Schäfer RJB, Lukowski AL, Pandelia ME, Drennan CL, Moore BS. Oxidative rearrangement of tryptophan to indole nitrile by a single diiron enzyme. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.03.551874. [PMID: 37577561 PMCID: PMC10418191 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitriles are uncommon in nature and are typically constructed from oximes via the oxidative decarboxylation of amino acid substrates or from the derivatization of carboxylic acids. Here we report a third strategy of nitrile biosynthesis featuring the cyanobacterial nitrile synthase AetD. During the biosynthesis of the 'eagle-killing' neurotoxin, aetokthonotoxin, AetD converts the alanyl side chain of 5,7-dibromo-L-tryptophan to a nitrile. Employing a combination of structural, biochemical, and biophysical techniques, we characterized AetD as a non-heme diiron enzyme that belongs to the emerging Heme Oxygenase-like Diiron Oxidase and Oxygenase (HDO) superfamily. High-resolution crystal structures of AetD together with the identification of catalytically relevant products provide mechanistic insights into how AetD affords this unique transformation that we propose proceeds via an aziridine intermediate. Our work presents a new paradigm for nitrile biogenesis and portrays a substrate binding and metallocofactor assembly mechanism that may be shared among other HDO enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Adak
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Naike Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
| | - Logan A. Calderone
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Rebecca J. B. Schäfer
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - April L. Lukowski
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maria-Eirini Pandelia
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Catherine L. Drennan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Yue X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Meng T, Zhao Y, Guo W. Synthesis of a versatile 1 H-indene-3-carboxylate scaffold enabled by visible-light promoted Wolff rearrangement of 1-diazonaphthalen-2(1 H)-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6363-6366. [PMID: 37140082 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01093g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a sequential visible-light-promoted Wolff rearrangement of 1-diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones, followed by capturing the in situ generated ketene intermediates with various alcohols, producing diverse 1H-indene-3-carboxylates in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. The broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and robust conditions make the resulting derivative a versatile platform for the synthesis of plenty of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
| | - Tengfei Meng
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
| | - Wengang Guo
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
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6
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Narode AS, Ho YS, Cheng MJ, Liu RS. Gold-Catalyzed Addition of β-Oxo Enols at Tethered Alkynes via a Non-Conia-ene Pathway: Observation of a Formal 1,3-Hydroxymethylidene Migration. Org Lett 2023; 25:1589-1594. [PMID: 36861973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
With the relay process of Ag(I)/Au(I) catalysts, a one-pot synthesis of skeletally rearranged (1-hydroxymethylidene)indene derivatives from 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes and α-diazo esters is described. This cascade sequence involves Au(I)-catalyzed 5-endo-dig attack of highly enolizable aldehydes at the tethered alkynes, leading to carbocyclizations with a formal 1,3-hydroxymethylidene transfer. On the basis of density functional theory calculations, the mechanism likely involves formation of cyclopropylgold carbenes, followed by an appealing 1,2-cyclopropane migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeu-Shiuan Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan (ROC) 701
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan (ROC) 701
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (ROC) 300
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7
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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8
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Pan J, Tan Q, Zhu S, Yan X, Li Y, Zhuang Z, Zhu X, Duan Y, Huang Y. Discovery of pentaene polyols by the activation of an enediyne gene cluster: biosynthetic implications for 9-membered enediyne core structures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13475-13481. [PMID: 36507168 PMCID: PMC9682884 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04379c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and characterization of enediyne polyketide synthases (PKSEs) revealed that PKSE-bound polyene is a common intermediate, while its subsequent tailoring steps to enediyne cores remain obscure. Herein, we report pentaene polyols 5-7 and cinnamic acid derivatives 8 and 9 biosynthesized from an activated enediyne biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces sp. CB02130. The C-1027 pksE could partially complement production of these polyene polyols in a CB02130 mutant where the native pksE is inactivated. The yields of 5-7 were improved by increasing the cellular pool of l-Phe through either gene inactivation of a prephenate dehydrogenase WlsPDH or supplementation of l-Phe. A flexible ammonia lyase WlsC4 is responsible for biosynthesis of 8 and 9 from l-Phe. The co-localization of wlsPDH and PKSE gene cassette supports their close evolutionary relationships and an enediyne genome mining strategy using WlsPDH. These findings not only provide a facile approach to activate silent enediyne BGCs, but suggest that a polyene epoxide intermediate may be formed for construction of 9-membered enediyne macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China
| | - Qingwen Tan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China
| | - Saibin Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yu Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China
| | - Zhoukang Zhuang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug DiscoveryChangshaHunan 410205China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug DiscoveryChangshaHunan 410205China,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug DiscoveryChangshaHunan 410205China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug DiscoveryChangshaHunan 410205China
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9
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Im JH, Shin D, Ban YH, Byun WS, Bae ES, Lee D, Du YE, Cui J, Kwon Y, Nam SJ, Cha S, Lee SK, Yoon YJ, Oh DC. Targeted Discovery of an Enediyne-Derived Cycloaromatized Compound, Jejucarboside A, from a Marine Actinomycete. Org Lett 2022; 24:7188-7193. [PMID: 36165456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A genomic and spectroscopic signature-based search revealed a cycloaromatized enediyne, jejucarboside A (1), from a marine actinomycete strain. The structure of 1 was determined as a new cyclopenta[a]indene glycoside bearing carbonate functionality by nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS), MS/MS, infrared spectroscopy, and a modified Mosher's method. An iterative enediyne synthase pathway has been proposed for the putative biosynthesis of 1 by genomic analysis. Jejucarboside A exhibited cytotoxicity against the HCT116 colon carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Im
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Ban
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sub Byun
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seo Bae
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Du
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsheng Cui
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kwon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Joon Yoon
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kudo Y, Konoki K, Yotsu-Yamashita M. Mass spectrometry-guided discovery of new analogues of bicyclic phosphotriester salinipostin and evaluation of their monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitory activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1333-1342. [PMID: 35918181 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products containing the highly unusual phosphotriester ring are known to be potent serine hydrolase inhibitors. The long-chain bicyclic enol-phosphotriester salinipostins (SPTs) from the marine actinomycete Salinispora have been identified as selective antimalarial agents. A potential regulatory function has been suggested for phosphotriesters based on their structural relationship with actinomycete signaling molecules and the prevalence of spt-like biosynthetic gene clusters across actinomycetes. In this study, we established a mass spectrometry-guided screening method for phosphotriesters focusing on their characteristic fragment ions. Applying this screening method to the SPT producer Salinispora tropica CNB-440, new SPT analogues (4-6) were discovered and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Previously known and herein-identified SPT analogues inhibited the activity of human monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a key serine hydrolase in the endocannabinoid system, in the nanomolar range. Our method could be applied to the screening of phosphotriesters, potential serine hydrolase inhibitors and signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kudo
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Konoki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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11
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Wu Z, Lin Z, Tang J, Lv S, Huang T, Shi Y, Chen J, Hai L, Wu Y. Construction of indenols and derivatives through Rh(III) catalyzed C H activation in a one-pot manner. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Scotti C, Barlow JW. Natural Products Containing the Nitrile Functional Group and Their Biological Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221099973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of nitriles as a key class of chemicals with applications across the sciences is widely appreciated. The natural world is an underappreciated source of chemically diverse nitriles. With this in mind, this review describes novel nitrile-containing molecules isolated from natural sources from 1998 to 2021, as well as a discussion of the biological activity of these compounds. This study gathers 192 molecules from varied origins across the plant, animal, and microbial worlds. Their biological activity is extremely diverse, with many potential medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Scotti
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James W. Barlow
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Adak S, Lukowski AL, Schäfer RJB, Moore BS. From Tryptophan to Toxin: Nature's Convergent Biosynthetic Strategy to Aetokthonotoxin. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2861-2866. [PMID: 35142504 PMCID: PMC9004672 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aetokthonotoxin (AETX) is a cyanobacterial neurotoxin that causes vacuolar myelinopathy, a neurological disease that is particularly deadly to bald eagles in the United States. The recently characterized AETX is structurally unique among cyanotoxins and is composed of a pentabrominated biindole nitrile. Herein we report the discovery of an efficient, five-enzyme biosynthetic pathway that the freshwater cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola uses to convert two molecules of tryptophan to AETX. We demonstrate that the biosynthetic pathway follows a convergent route in which two functionalized indole monomers are assembled and then reunited by biaryl coupling catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 AetB. Our results revealed enzymes with novel biochemical functions, including the single-component flavin-dependent tryptophan halogenase AetF and the iron-dependent nitrile synthase AetD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Adak
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - April L Lukowski
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rebecca J B Schäfer
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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14
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Hai Y, Wei MY, Wang CY, Gu YC, Shao CL. The intriguing chemistry and biology of sulfur-containing natural products from marine microorganisms (1987-2020). MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:488-518. [PMID: 37073258 PMCID: PMC10077240 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-021-00101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural products derived from marine microorganisms have received great attention as a potential resource of new compound entities for drug discovery. The unique marine environment brings us a large group of sulfur-containing natural products with abundant biological functionality including antitumor, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. We reviewed all the 484 sulfur-containing natural products (non-sulfated) isolated from marine microorganisms, of which 59.9% are thioethers, 29.8% are thiazole/thiazoline-containing compounds and 10.3% are sulfoxides, sulfones, thioesters and many others. A selection of 133 compounds was further discussed on their structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action, biosynthesis, and druggability. This is the first systematic review on sulfur-containing natural products from marine microorganisms conducted from January 1987, when the first one was reported, to December 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-021-00101-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
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15
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Huang T, Yang C, Shi Y, Chen J, Wang T, Guo X, Liu X, Ding H, Wu Z, Hai L, Wu Y. One‐Pot Construction of Diverse Products using Versatile Cyclopropenones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuesen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Haosheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
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16
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Wang C, Du W, Lu H, Lan J, Liang K, Cao S. A Review: Halogenated Compounds from Marine Actinomycetes. Molecules 2021; 26:2754. [PMID: 34067123 PMCID: PMC8125187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine actinomycetes, Streptomyces species, produce a variety of halogenated compounds with diverse structures and a range of biological activities owing to their unique metabolic pathways. These halogenated compounds could be classified as polyketides, alkaloids (nitrogen-containing compounds) and terpenoids. Halogenated compounds from marine actinomycetes possess important biological properties such as antibacterial and anticancer activities. This review reports the sources, chemical structures and biological activities of 127 new halogenated compounds originated mainly from Streptomyces reported from 1992 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China; (W.D.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Weisheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China; (W.D.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Huanyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China; (W.D.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Jianzhou Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China; (W.D.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Kailin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China; (W.D.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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17
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Maglangit F, Yu Y, Deng H. Bacterial pathogens: threat or treat (a review on bioactive natural products from bacterial pathogens). Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:782-821. [PMID: 33119013 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00061b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the second quarter of 2020 Threat or treat? While pathogenic bacteria pose significant threats, they also represent a huge reservoir of potential pharmaceuticals to treat various diseases. The alarming antimicrobial resistance crisis and the dwindling clinical pipeline urgently call for the discovery and development of new antibiotics. Pathogenic bacteria have an enormous potential for natural products drug discovery, yet they remained untapped and understudied. Herein, we review the specialised metabolites isolated from entomopathogenic, phytopathogenic, and human pathogenic bacteria with antibacterial and antifungal activities, highlighting those currently in pre-clinical trials or with potential for drug development. Selected unusual biosynthetic pathways, the key roles they play (where known) in various ecological niches are described. We also provide an overview of the mode of action (molecular target), activity, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards bacteria and fungi. The exploitation of pathogenic bacteria as a rich source of antimicrobials, combined with the recent advances in genomics and natural products research methodology, could pave the way for a new golden age of antibiotic discovery. This review should serve as a compendium to communities of medicinal chemists, organic chemists, natural product chemists, biochemists, clinical researchers, and many others interested in the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleurdeliz Maglangit
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University of the Philippines Cebu, Lahug, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines. and Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hai Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
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18
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Kim H, Kim S, Kim M, Lee C, Yang I, Nam SJ. Bioactive natural products from the genus Salinospora: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1230-1258. [PMID: 33237436 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes are an important source for bioactive secondary metabolites. Among them, the genus Salinispora is one of the first salt obligatory marine species worldwide and is typically found in various types of substrates in tropical and subtropical marine environments including sediments and marine organisms. This genus produces a wide range of chemical scaffolds and bioactive compounds such as lomaiviticins, cyclomarins, rifamycins, salinaphthoquinones, and salinosporamides. This review arranged Salinispora derived secondary metabolites according to the three species that comprise the genus. Moreover, muta- and semi-synthesis analogs derived from salinosporamide were also described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haerin Kim
- The Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- The Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- The Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- The Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Inho Yang
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Pusan, 49112, Korea.
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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19
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Lu S, Wang J, Sheng R, Fang Y, Guo R. Novel Bioactive Polyketides Isolated from Marine Actinomycetes: An Update Review from 2013 to 2019. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000562. [PMID: 33206470 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Marine organism-associated actinobacteria represent a valuable resource for marine drugs due to their abundant secondary metabolites. The special environments in the ocean, for instance, high salt, high pressure, low temperature and oligotrophy, not only adapt to survival of actinomycetes but also enhance molecular diversity of actinomycete secondary metabolites production, thus making marine actinomycetes important sources of marine-based bioactive compounds, especially polyketides. Herein, we summarized the structures and pharmacological activities of polyketides from actinobacteria associated with marine organisms from 2013 to 2019; moreover, the main source species of actinomycetes were discussed as well. We expected that this review would be helpful for future in-depth research and development of marine-based bioactive polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silei Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Jiangming Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Ruilong Sheng
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Yiwen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
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20
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Dethe DH, C B N, Bhat AA. Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed Ketone-Directed ortho-C-H Activation for the Synthesis of Indene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7565-7575. [PMID: 32364736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A weakly coordinating, carbonyl-assisted C-H activation of aromatic systems with α,β-unsaturated ketone and subsequent aldol condensation has been developed using a Cp*Co(CO)I2 catalyst. The developed method is the first example of indene synthesis by cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation. In addition, the reaction requires mild reaction conditions and easily accessible starting materials, and it shows excellent functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatraya H Dethe
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nagabhushana C B
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Arsheed Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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21
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Yang Y, Jiang Y, Du W, Chen Y. Asymmetric Cross [10+2] Cycloadditions of 2‐Alkylidene‐1‐indanones and Activated Alkenes under Phase‐Transfer Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:1754-1758. [PMID: 31777118 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of, the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center for, Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of, the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center for, Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of, the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center for, Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of, the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center for, Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- College of PharmacyThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 P. R. China
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22
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Mei YL, Zhou W, Huo T, Zhou FS, Xue J, Zhang GY, Ren BT, Zhong C, Deng QH. Rhodium-Catalyzed Successive C-H Bond Functionalizations To Synthesize Complex Indenols Bearing a Benzofuran Unit. Org Lett 2019; 21:9598-9602. [PMID: 31763857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient rhodium-catalyzed redox-neutral annulations of N-phenoxyacetamides and ynones via successive double C-H bond activations has been developed. A series of novel and complex indenols bearing a benzofuran unit were generated with moderate to excellent regioselecetivities under mild conditions. Adding N-ethylcyclohexanamine (CyNHEt) could restrict the formation of the mono C-H bond activation byproduct, which is not the intermediate of the reaction demonstrated via the mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Le Mei
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Tao Huo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Fang-Shuai Zhou
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Jing Xue
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Guang-Yi Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Bing-Tao Ren
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , 199 Bayi Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , China
| | - Qing-Hai Deng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
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23
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Ogawara H. Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Antibiotic-Producing and Pathogenic Bacteria. Molecules 2019; 24:E3430. [PMID: 31546630 PMCID: PMC6804068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a tremendous threat to human health. To overcome this problem, it is essential to know the mechanism of antibiotic resistance in antibiotic-producing and pathogenic bacteria. This paper deals with this problem from four points of view. First, the antibiotic resistance genes in producers are discussed related to their biosynthesis. Most resistance genes are present within the biosynthetic gene clusters, but some genes such as paromomycin acetyltransferases are located far outside the gene cluster. Second, when the antibiotic resistance genes in pathogens are compared with those in the producers, resistance mechanisms have dependency on antibiotic classes, and, in addition, new types of resistance mechanisms such as Eis aminoglycoside acetyltransferase and self-sacrifice proteins in enediyne antibiotics emerge in pathogens. Third, the relationships of the resistance genes between producers and pathogens are reevaluated at their amino acid sequence as well as nucleotide sequence levels. Pathogenic bacteria possess other resistance mechanisms than those in antibiotic producers. In addition, resistance mechanisms are little different between early stage of antibiotic use and the present time, e.g., β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Lastly, guanine + cytosine (GC) barrier in gene transfer to pathogenic bacteria is considered. Now, the resistance genes constitute resistome composed of complicated mixture from divergent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ogawara
- HO Bio Institute, 33-9, Yushima-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 522-1, Noshio-2, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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24
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Miao M, Jin M, Chen P, Wang L, Zhang S, Ren H. Iron(III)-Mediated Bicyclization of 1,2-Allenyl Aryl Ketones: Assembly of Indanone-Fused Polycyclic Scaffolds and Dibenzo[ a, e]pentalene Derivatives. Org Lett 2019; 21:5957-5961. [PMID: 31298027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid construction of three-dimensional fused carbocycles is a key challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, an unprecedented and practical tandem Nazarov/oxidative umpolung 4π-ring closure of readily available 1,2-allenyl aryl ketones mediated by iron(III) chloride has been developed, furnishing a new family of indanone-fused molecular architectures in moderate to excellent yields. The indanone-containing blocks can be efficiently converted to unsymmetrical dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes. Significantly, divergent synthetic applications have been achieved to provide densely functionalized polycyclic arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhong Miao
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Mengchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Shouzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Ren
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , P. R. China
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25
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Bioactivities of Halometabolites from Marine Actinobacteria. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060225. [PMID: 31212626 PMCID: PMC6627970 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural halogenated compounds (halometabolites) are produced mainly by marine organisms, including marine Actinobacteria. Many commercially important compounds for pharmaceuticals contain halogen, and the halogen is responsible for the physical and chemical properties as well as bioactivities and toxicities. In the exploration of marine environment that is supported by advanced structure elucidation, varied panel bioassays and high-throughput screening have accelerated number of halometabolites isolated from marine Actinobacteria to date. The metabolites exhibited unique structures and promising bioactivities. This review focuses on the chemodiversity and bioactivities of marine halometabolites from marine Actinobacteria reported in the last 15 years (2003–2018).
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26
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Mahesh SK, Nanubolu JB, Sudhakar G. Tandem Addition/Electrocyclization/Benzylation of Alkyl Aryl-1,3-dienes and Aromatic Aldehydes: Access to Highly Substituted Indenes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7815-7828. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Subramani R, Sipkema D. Marine Rare Actinomycetes: A Promising Source of Structurally Diverse and Unique Novel Natural Products. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E249. [PMID: 31035452 PMCID: PMC6562664 DOI: 10.3390/md17050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare actinomycetes are prolific in the marine environment; however, knowledge about their diversity, distribution and biochemistry is limited. Marine rare actinomycetes represent a rather untapped source of chemically diverse secondary metabolites and novel bioactive compounds. In this review, we aim to summarize the present knowledge on the isolation, diversity, distribution and natural product discovery of marine rare actinomycetes reported from mid-2013 to 2017. A total of 97 new species, representing 9 novel genera and belonging to 27 families of marine rare actinomycetes have been reported, with the highest numbers of novel isolates from the families Pseudonocardiaceae, Demequinaceae, Micromonosporaceae and Nocardioidaceae. Additionally, this study reviewed 167 new bioactive compounds produced by 58 different rare actinomycete species representing 24 genera. Most of the compounds produced by the marine rare actinomycetes present antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticancer or antimalarial activities. The highest numbers of natural products were derived from the genera Nocardiopsis, Micromonospora, Salinispora and Pseudonocardia. Members of the genus Micromonospora were revealed to be the richest source of chemically diverse and unique bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Subramani
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Republic of Fiji.
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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28
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Zhang C, Li H, Pei C, Qiu L, Hu W, Bao X, Xu X. Selective Vinylogous Reactivity of Carbene Intermediate in Gold-Catalyzed Alkyne Carbocyclization: Synthesis of Indenols. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Pei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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29
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Adamek M, Alanjary M, Ziemert N. Applied evolution: phylogeny-based approaches in natural products research. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1295-1312. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we highlight how phylogenetic analyses can be used to facilitate natural product discovery and structure elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Adamek
- Applied Natural Products Genome Mining
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen (IMIT)
- University of Tuebingen
- 72076 Tuebingen
- Germany
| | | | - Nadine Ziemert
- Applied Natural Products Genome Mining
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen (IMIT)
- University of Tuebingen
- 72076 Tuebingen
- Germany
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30
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Li J, Kang H, Zhuo K, Zhuo Q, Zhang H, Lin YM, Xia H. Alternation of Metal-Bridged Metallacycle Skeletons: From Ruthenapentalyne to Ruthenapentalene and Ruthenaindene Derivative. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Huijun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Kaiyue Zhuo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Qingde Zhuo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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31
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Braesel J, Crnkovic CM, Kunstman KJ, Green SJ, Maienschein-Cline M, Orjala J, Murphy BT, Eustáquio AS. Complete Genome of Micromonospora sp. Strain B006 Reveals Biosynthetic Potential of a Lake Michigan Actinomycete. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2057-2068. [PMID: 30110167 PMCID: PMC6174880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycete bacteria isolated from freshwater environments are an unexplored source of natural products. Here we report the complete genome of the Great Lakes-derived Micromonospora sp. strain B006, revealing its potential for natural product biosynthesis. The 7-megabase pair chromosome of strain B006 was sequenced using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies followed by Sanger sequencing to close remaining gaps. All identified biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were manually curated. Five known BGCs were identified encoding desferrioxamine, alkyl- O-dihydrogeranylmethoxyhydroquinone, a spore pigment, sioxanthin, and diazepinomicin, which is currently in phase II clinical trials to treat Phelan-McDermid syndrome and co-morbid epilepsy. We report here that strain B006 is indeed a producer of diazepinomicin and at yields higher than previously reported. Moreover, 11 of the 16 identified BGCs are orphan, eight of which were transcriptionally active under the culture condition tested. Orphan BGCs include an enediyne polyketide synthase and an uncharacteristically large, 36-module polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase BGC. We developed a genetics system for Micromonospora sp. B006 that will contribute to deorphaning BGCs in the future. This study is one of the few attempts to report the biosynthetic capacity of a freshwater-derived actinomycete and highlights this resource as a potential reservoir for new natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Braesel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Camila M. Crnkovic
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Federal District 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Kevin J. Kunstman
- DNA Services Facility, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Stefan J. Green
- DNA Services Facility, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Core for Research Informatics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Jimmy Orjala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Brian T. Murphy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alessandra S. Eustáquio
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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32
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Ogawara H. Comparison of Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance: Learning from Various Kingdoms. Molecules 2018; 23:E1476. [PMID: 29912169 PMCID: PMC6100412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance, especially antibiotic resistance, is a growing threat to human health. To overcome this problem, it is significant to know precisely the mechanisms of drug resistance and/or self-resistance in various kingdoms, from bacteria through plants to animals, once more. This review compares the molecular mechanisms of the resistance against phycotoxins, toxins from marine and terrestrial animals, plants and fungi, and antibiotics. The results reveal that each kingdom possesses the characteristic features. The main mechanisms in each kingdom are transporters/efflux pumps in phycotoxins, mutation and modification of targets and sequestration in marine and terrestrial animal toxins, ABC transporters and sequestration in plant toxins, transporters in fungal toxins, and various or mixed mechanisms in antibiotics. Antibiotic producers in particular make tremendous efforts for avoiding suicide, and are more flexible and adaptable to the changes of environments. With these features in mind, potential alternative strategies to overcome these resistance problems are discussed. This paper will provide clues for solving the issues of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ogawara
- HO Bio Institute, Yushima-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio-2, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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Moore BS. Asymmetric Alkene and Arene Halofunctionalization Reactions in Meroterpenoid Biosynthesis. Synlett 2018; 29:401-409. [PMID: 31031546 PMCID: PMC6483395 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1590919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Meroterpenoid natural products are important bioactive molecules with broad distribution throughout nature. In Streptomyces bacteria, naphthoquinone-based meroterpenoids comprise a simple yet structurally fascinating group of natural product antibiotics that are enzymatically constructed through a series of asymmetric alkene and arene halofunctionalization reactions. This account article highlights our discovery and characterization of a group of vanadium-dependent chloroperoxidase enzymes that catalyze halogen-assisted cyclization and rearrangement reactions and have inspired biomimetic syntheses of numerous meroterpenoid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Moore
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography & Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Comparative transcriptomics as a guide to natural product discovery and biosynthetic gene cluster functionality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11121-E11130. [PMID: 29229817 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714381115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial natural products remain an important source of new medicines. DNA sequencing has revealed that a majority of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) maintained in bacterial genomes have yet to be linked to the small molecules whose biosynthesis they encode. Efforts to discover the products of these orphan BGCs are driving the development of genome mining techniques based on the premise that many are transcriptionally silent during normal laboratory cultivation. Here, we employ comparative transcriptomics to assess BGC expression among four closely related strains of marine bacteria belonging to the genus Salinispora The results reveal that slightly more than half of the BGCs are expressed at levels that should facilitate product detection. By comparing the expression profiles of similar gene clusters in different strains, we identified regulatory genes whose inactivation appears linked to cluster silencing. The significance of these subtle differences between expressed and silent BGCs could not have been predicted a priori and was only revealed by comparative transcriptomics. Evidence for the conservation of silent clusters among a larger number of strains for which genome sequences are available suggests they may be under different regulatory control from the expressed forms or that silencing may represent an underappreciated mechanism of gene cluster evolution. Coupling gene expression and metabolomics data established a bioinformatic link between the salinipostins and their associated BGC, while genetic manipulation established the genetic basis for this series of compounds, which were previously unknown from Salinispora pacifica.
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35
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Ma SY, Xiao YS, Zhang B, Shao FL, Guo ZK, Zhang JJ, Jiao RH, Sun Y, Xu Q, Tan RX, Ge HM. Amycolamycins A and B, Two Enediyne-Derived Compounds from a Locust-Associated Actinomycete. Org Lett 2017; 19:6208-6211. [PMID: 29090939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two novel enediyne-derived natural products, amycolamycins A and B (1 and 2), were characterized from a locust-associated actinomycete Amycolatopsis sp. HCa4. Amycolamycins A and B contain a unique 2-(cyclopenta[a]inden-5-yl)oxirane core with suspected enediyne polyketide biosynthetic origin. Sequencing and analysis of the acm biosynthetic gene cluster allowed us to propose the biosynthetic pathway of 1 and 2. Moreover, amycolamycin A (1) was selectively cytotoxic to the M231 breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Sheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fen Li Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Hainan 571101, China
| | - Juan Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Hua Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
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Wang X, Xiong W, Huang Y, Zhu J, Hu Q, Wu W, Jiang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1H-Indenes and Phthalimides via Isocyanide Insertion. Org Lett 2017; 19:5818-5821. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenfang Xiong
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yubing Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Letzel AC, Li J, Amos GCA, Millán-Aguiñaga N, Ginigini J, Abdelmohsen UR, Gaudêncio SP, Ziemert N, Moore BS, Jensen PR. Genomic insights into specialized metabolism in the marine actinomycete Salinispora. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3660-3673. [PMID: 28752948 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Comparative genomics is providing new opportunities to address the diversity and distributions of genes encoding the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. An analysis of 119 genome sequences representing three closely related species of the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora reveals extraordinary biosynthetic diversity in the form of 176 distinct biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of which only 24 have been linked to their products. Remarkably, more than half of the BGCs were observed in only one or two strains, suggesting they were acquired relatively recently in the evolutionary history of the genus. These acquired gene clusters are concentrated in specific genomic islands, which represent hot spots for BGC acquisition. While most BGCs are stable in terms of their chromosomal position, others migrated to different locations or were exchanged with unrelated gene clusters suggesting a plug and play type model of evolution that provides a mechanism to test the relative fitness effects of specialized metabolites. Transcriptome analyses were used to address the relationships between BGC abundance, chromosomal position and product discovery. The results indicate that recently acquired BGCs can be functional and that complex evolutionary processes shape the micro-diversity of specialized metabolism observed in closely related environmental bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catrin Letzel
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gregory C A Amos
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Natalie Millán-Aguiñaga
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California 22800, Mexico
| | - Joape Ginigini
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji
| | - Usama R Abdelmohsen
- Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Susana P Gaudêncio
- Department of Chemistry, REQUIMTE, LAQV and UCIBIO, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica 2529-516, Portugal
| | - Nadine Ziemert
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuübingen, University of Tuübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tuübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul R Jensen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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38
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Zhang Q, Li H, Yu L, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhu H, Zhang L, Li SM, Shen Y, Tian C, Li A, Liu HW, Zhang C. Characterization of the flavoenzyme XiaK as an N-hydroxylase and implications in indolosesquiterpene diversification. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5067-5077. [PMID: 28970893 PMCID: PMC5613243 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavoenzymes are ubiquitous in biological systems and catalyze a diverse range of chemical transformations.
Flavoenzymes are ubiquitous in biological systems and catalyze a diverse range of chemical transformations. The flavoenzyme XiaK from the biosynthetic pathway of the indolosesquiterpene xiamycin A is demonstrated to mediate the in vivo biotransformation of xiamycin A into multiple products, including a chlorinated adduct as well as dimers characterized by C–N and N–N linkages that are hypothesized to form via radical-based mechanisms. Isolation and characterization of XiaK in vitro shows that it acts as a flavin-dependent N-hydroxylase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of xiamycin A at the carbazole nitrogen to form N-hydroxyxiamycin, a product which was overlooked in earlier in vivo experiments because its chemical and chromatographic properties are similar to those of oxiamycin. N-Hydroxyxiamycin is shown to be unstable under aerobic conditions, and characterization by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates formation of an N-hydroxycarbazole radical adduct. This radical species is proposed to serve as a key intermediate leading to the formation of the multiple xiamycin A adducts. This study suggests that non-enzyme catalyzed reactions may play a greater role in the biosynthesis of natural products than has been previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Huixian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ; .,Institute of Marine Natural Products , School of Marine Sciences , South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center , Sun Yat-sen University , 135 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Lu Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory of Microscale Physical Sciences , School of Life Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230027 , China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , 230031 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Hanning Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Liping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Deutschhausstrasse 17a , 35037 Marburg , Germany
| | - Yuemao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology , School of Life Science , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Changlin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory of Microscale Physical Sciences , School of Life Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230027 , China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , 230031 , P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX 78712 , USA .
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
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Abstract
The enediyne family of natural products has had a profound impact on modern chemistry, biology, and medicine, and yet only 11 enediynes have been structurally characterized to date. Here we report a genome survey of 3,400 actinomycetes, identifying 81 strains that harbor genes encoding the enediyne polyketide synthase cassettes that could be grouped into 28 distinct clades based on phylogenetic analysis. Genome sequencing of 31 representative strains confirmed that each clade harbors a distinct enediyne biosynthetic gene cluster. A genome neighborhood network allows prediction of new structural features and biosynthetic insights that could be exploited for enediyne discovery. We confirmed one clade as new C-1027 producers, with a significantly higher C-1027 titer than the original producer, and discovered a new family of enediyne natural products, the tiancimycins (TNMs), that exhibit potent cytotoxicity against a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of rapid discovery of new enediynes from a large strain collection. Recent advances in microbial genomics clearly revealed that the biosynthetic potential of soil actinomycetes to produce enediynes is underappreciated. A great challenge is to develop innovative methods to discover new enediynes and produce them in sufficient quantities for chemical, biological, and clinical investigations. This work demonstrated the feasibility of rapid discovery of new enediynes from a large strain collection. The new C-1027 producers, with a significantly higher C-1027 titer than the original producer, will impact the practical supply of this important drug lead. The TNMs, with their extremely potent cytotoxicity against various cancer cells and their rapid and complete cancer cell killing characteristics, in comparison with the payloads used in FDA-approved antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), are poised to be exploited as payload candidates for the next generation of anticancer ADCs. Follow-up studies on the other identified hits promise the discovery of new enediynes, radically expanding the chemical space for the enediyne family.
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40
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Hu M, Zou HX, Song RJ, Xiang JN, Li JH. Copper-Catalyzed C–H Oxidative Radical Functionalization and Annulation of Aniline-Linked 1,7-Enynes: Evidence for a 1,5-Hydride Shift Mechanism. Org Lett 2016; 18:6460-6463. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi
Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Hua-Xu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi
Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi
Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jian-Nan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi
Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi
Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
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41
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Huang T, Chang CY, Lohman JR, Rudolf JD, Kim Y, Chang C, Yang D, Ma M, Yan X, Crnovcic I, Bigelow L, Clancy S, Bingman CA, Yennamalli RM, Babnigg G, Joachimiak A, Phillips GN, Shen B. Crystal structure of SgcJ, an NTF2-like superfamily protein involved in biosynthesis of the nine-membered enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:731-740. [PMID: 27406907 PMCID: PMC5083130 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of the enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters revealed sets of conserved genes serving as outstanding candidates for the enediyne core. Here we report the crystal structures of SgcJ and its homologue NCS-Orf16, together with gene inactivation and site-directed mutagenesis studies, to gain insight into enediyne core biosynthesis. Gene inactivation in vivo establishes that SgcJ is required for C-1027 production in Streptomyces globisporus. SgcJ and NCS-Orf16 share a common structure with the nuclear transport factor 2-like superfamily of proteins, featuring a putative substrate binding or catalytic active site. Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved residues lining this site allowed us to propose that SgcJ and its homologues may play a catalytic role in transforming the linear polyene intermediate, along with other enediyne polyketide synthase-associated enzymes, into an enzyme-sequestered enediyne core intermediate. These findings will help formulate hypotheses and design experiments to ascertain the function of SgcJ and its homologues in nine-membered enediyne core biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Chin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy R Lohman
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Youngchang Kim
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.,Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Changsoo Chang
- Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ivana Crnovcic
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Lance Bigelow
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Shonda Clancy
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Craig A Bingman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Gyorgy Babnigg
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.,Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.,Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - George N Phillips
- BioSciences at Rice and Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
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Das BG, Chirila A, Tromp M, Reek JNH, Bruin BD. Co(III)-Carbene Radical Approach to Substituted 1H-Indenes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8968-75. [PMID: 27340837 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the catalytic synthesis of substituted 1H-indenes via metalloradical activation of o-cinnamyl N-tosyl hydrazones is presented, taking advantage of the intrinsic reactivity of a Co(III) carbene radical intermediate. The reaction uses readily available starting materials and is operationally simple, thus representing a practical method for the construction of functionalized 1H-indene derivatives. The cheap and easy to prepare low spin cobalt(II) complex [Co(II)(MeTAA)] (MeTAA = tetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene) proved to be the most active catalyst among those investigated, which demonstrates catalytic carbene radical reactivity for a nonporphyrin cobalt(II) complex, and for the first time catalytic activity of [Co(II)(MeTAA)] in general. The methodology has been successfully applied to a broad range of substrates, producing 1H-indenes in good to excellent yields. The metallo-radical catalyzed indene synthesis in this paper represents a unique example of a net (formal) intramolecular carbene insertion reaction into a vinylic C(sp(2))-H bond, made possible by a controlled radical ring-closure process of the carbene radical intermediate involved. The mechanism was investigated computationally, and the results were confirmed by a series of supporting experimental reactions. Density functional theory calculations reveal a stepwise process involving activation of the diazo compound leading to formation of a Co(III)-carbene radical, followed by radical ring-closure to produce an indanyl/benzyl radical intermediate. Subsequent indene product elimination involving a 1,2-hydrogen transfer step regenerates the catalyst. Trapping experiments using 2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical or dibenzoylperoxide (DBPO) confirm the involvement of cobalt(III) carbene radical intermediates. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic spin-trapping experiments using phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) reveal the radical nature of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braja Gopal Das
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei Chirila
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Tromp
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Liu B, Song RJ, Wang QA, Li JH. Visible Light-Initiated C(sp3)Br/C(sp3)H Functionalization of α-Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides through Hydride Radical Shift. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rudolf JD, Yan X, Shen B. Genome neighborhood network reveals insights into enediyne biosynthesis and facilitates prediction and prioritization for discovery. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 43:261-76. [PMID: 26318027 PMCID: PMC4753101 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The enediynes are one of the most fascinating families of bacterial natural products given their unprecedented molecular architecture and extraordinary cytotoxicity. Enediynes are rare with only 11 structurally characterized members and four additional members isolated in their cycloaromatized form. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have resulted in an explosion of microbial genomes. A virtual survey of the GenBank and JGI genome databases revealed 87 enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters from 78 bacteria strains, implying that enediynes are more common than previously thought. Here we report the construction and analysis of an enediyne genome neighborhood network (GNN) as a high-throughput approach to analyze secondary metabolite gene clusters. Analysis of the enediyne GNN facilitated rapid gene cluster annotation, revealed genetic trends in enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters resulting in a simple prediction scheme to determine 9- versus 10-membered enediyne gene clusters, and supported a genomic-based strain prioritization method for enediyne discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
- Natural Products Library Initiative, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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45
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HIRAMA M. Total synthesis and related studies of large, strained, and bioactive natural products. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 92:290-329. [PMID: 27725470 PMCID: PMC5243947 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.92.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our chemical syntheses and related scientific investigations of natural products with complex architectures and powerful biological activities are described, focusing on the very large 3 nm-long polycyclic ethers called the ciguatoxins, highly strained and labile chromoprotein antitumor antibiotics featuring nine-membered enediyne cores, and extremely potent anthelmintic macrolides called the avermectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro HIRAMA
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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46
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Yang C, Xu ZL, Shao H, Mou XQ, Wang J, Wang SH. A Tin(IV) Chloride Promoted Tandem C-O Bond Cleavage/Nazarov Cyclization/Nucleophilic Addition Reaction of 1,1-Disubstituted Allylic Ethers toward the Synthesis of Multisubstituted Indenes. Org Lett 2015; 17:5288-91. [PMID: 26465205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel SnCl4-promoted tandem reaction toward multisubstituted indenes via a sequential C-O bond cleavage/Nazarov cyclization/nucleophilic addition reaction has been developed to afford a series of multisubstituted indenes with an all-carbon quaternary center in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shao
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Mou
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , Chengdu, P. R. China
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2013 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 982 citations (644 for the period January to December 2013) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1163 for 2013), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Nelp MT, Bandarian V. A Single Enzyme Transforms a Carboxylic Acid into a Nitrile through an Amide Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10627-9. [PMID: 26228534 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of nitriles is known to occur through specialized pathways involving multiple enzymes; however, in bacterial and archeal biosynthesis of 7-deazapurines, a single enzyme, ToyM, catalyzes the conversion of the carboxylic acid containing 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine (CDG) into its corresponding nitrile, 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0 ). The mechanism of this unusual direct transformation was shown to proceed via the adenylation of CDG, which activates it to form the newly discovered amide intermediate 7-amido-7-deazaguanine (ADG). This is subsequently dehydrated to form the nitrile in a process that consumes a second equivalent of ATP. The authentic amide intermediate is shown to be chemically and kinetically competent. The ability of ToyM to activate two different substrates, an acid and an amide, accounts for this unprecedented one-enzyme catalysis of nitrile synthesis, and the differential rates of these two half reactions suggest that this catalytic ability is derived from an amide synthetase that gained a new function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah T Nelp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 East Lowell Street, Biological Sciences West, Tucson, AZ 85721-0088 (USA)
| | - Vahe Bandarian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 East Lowell Street, Biological Sciences West, Tucson, AZ 85721-0088 (USA).
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49
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Nelp MT, Bandarian V. A Single Enzyme Transforms a Carboxylic Acid into a Nitrile through an Amide Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Micah T. Nelp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1041 East Lowell Street Biological Sciences West, Tucson AZ 85721-0088 USA
| | - Vahe Bandarian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1041 East Lowell Street Biological Sciences West, Tucson AZ 85721-0088 USA
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50
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Jensen PR, Moore BS, Fenical W. The marine actinomycete genus Salinispora: a model organism for secondary metabolite discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:738-51. [PMID: 25730728 PMCID: PMC4414829 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00167b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the initial discovery of the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora through its development as a model for natural product research. A focus is placed on the novel chemical structures reported with reference to their biological activities and the synthetic and biosynthetic studies they have inspired. The time line of discoveries progresses from more traditional bioassay-guided approaches through the application of genome mining and genetic engineering techniques that target the products of specific biosynthetic gene clusters. This overview exemplifies the extraordinary biosynthetic diversity that can emanate from a narrowly defined genus and supports future efforts to explore marine taxa in the search for novel natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Jensen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA.
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