1
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Ketcham H, Zhu W, Gunnoe TB. Highly Anti-Markovnikov Selective Oxidative Arene Alkenylation Using Ir(I) Catalyst Precursors and Cu(II) Carboxylates. Organometallics 2024; 43:774-786. [PMID: 38606203 PMCID: PMC11005047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The Ir(I) complex [Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)2]2 (coe = cis-cyclooctene) is a catalyst precursor for benzene alkenylation using Cu(II) carboxylate salts. Using [Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)2]2, propenylbenzenes are formed from the reaction of benzene, propylene, and CuX2 (X = acetate, pivalate, or 2-ethylhexanoate). The Ir-catalyzed reactions selectively produce anti-Markovnikov products, trans-β-methylstyrene, cis-β-methylstyrene, and allylbenzene, along with minor amounts of the Markovnikov product, α-methylstyrene. The selectivity for the anti-Markovnikov products changed as the reaction progressed. For example, in a reaction that uses 240 equiv of Cu(OHex)2 (related to Ir), the selectivity for the anti-Markovnikov products increases from 18:1 at 3 h to 42:1 at 42 h with 30 psig of propylene at 150 °C. Studies of product stability have revealed that the increase in the selectivity for anti-Markovnikov products is not the result of an isomerization process or the selective decomposition of specific products. Rather, the change in selectivity correlates with the ratio of Cu(II) to Cu(I) in the solution, which decreases as the reaction progresses. We propose that the identity of the active catalyst changes as Cu(I) is accumulated, resulting in the formation of an active catalyst that is more selective for anti-Markovnikov products. Using a 4:1 Cu(I)/Cu(II) ratio at the start of the reaction, a 65(3):1 anti-Markovnikov/Markovnikov ratio is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ketcham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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2
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Sansores-Paredes MLG, Lutz M, Moret ME. Cooperative H 2 activation at a nickel(0)-olefin centre. Nat Chem 2024; 16:417-425. [PMID: 38052947 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic olefin hydrogenation is ubiquitous in organic synthesis. In most proposed homogeneous catalytic cycles, reactive M-H bonds are generated either by oxidative addition of H2 to a metal centre or by deprotonation of a non-classical metal dihydrogen (M-H2) intermediate. Here we provide evidence for an alternative H2-activation mechanism that instead involves direct ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) from a metal-bound H2 molecule to a metal-coordinated olefin. An unusual pincer ligand that features two phosphine ligands and a central olefin supports the formation of a non-classical Ni-H2 complex and the Ni(alkyl)(hydrido) product of LLHT, in rapid equilibrium with dissolved H2. The usefulness of this cooperative H2-activation mechanism for catalysis is demonstrated in the semihydrogenation of diphenylacetylene. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations support the central role of LLHT for H2 activation and catalytic semihydrogenation. The product distribution obtained is largely determined by the competition between (E)-(Z) isomerization and catalyst degradation by self-hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L G Sansores-Paredes
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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3
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Davies J, Lyonnet JR, Carvalho B, Sahoo B, Day CS, Juliá-Hernández F, Duan Y, Álvaro Velasco-Rubio, Obst M, Norrby PO, Hopmann KH, Martin R. Kinetically-Controlled Ni-Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Bromides without Chain Walking. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1753-1759. [PMID: 38193812 PMCID: PMC10824404 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the direct carboxylation of unactivated secondary alkyl bromides enabled by the merger of photoredox and nickel catalysis, a previously inaccessible endeavor in the carboxylation arena. Site-selectivity is dictated by a kinetically controlled insertion of CO2 at the initial C(sp3)-Br site by the rapid formation of Ni(I)-alkyl species, thus avoiding undesired β-hydride elimination and chain-walking processes. Preliminary mechanistic experiments reveal the subtleties of stereoelectronic effects for guiding the reactivity and site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Davies
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julien R. Lyonnet
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química
Orgànica, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bjørn Carvalho
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S. Day
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química
Orgànica, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Juliá-Hernández
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yaya Duan
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Velasco-Rubio
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marc Obst
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per-Ola Norrby
- Data
Science & Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kathrin H. Hopmann
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Lutz MR, Roediger S, Rivero-Crespo MA, Morandi B. Mechanistic Investigation of the Rhodium-Catalyzed Transfer Hydroarylation Reaction Involving Reversible C-C Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26657-26666. [PMID: 38032811 PMCID: PMC10722515 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds are ubiquitous but are among the least reactive bonds in organic chemistry. Recently, catalytic approaches to activate C-C bonds by transition metals have demonstrated the synthetic potential of directly reorganizing the skeleton of small molecules. However, these approaches are usually restricted to strained molecules or rely on directing groups, limiting their broader impact. We report a detailed mechanistic study of a rare example of catalytic C-C bond cleavage of unstrained alcohols that enables reversible ketone transfer hydroarylation under Rh-catalysis. Combined insight from kinetic analysis, in situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) monitoring, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations supports a symmetric catalytic cycle, including a key reversible β-carbon elimination event. In addition, we provide evidence regarding the turnover-limiting step, the catalyst resting state, and the role of the sterically encumbered NHC ligand. The study further led to an improved catalytic system with the discovery of two air-stable precatalysts that showed higher activity for the transformation in comparison to the original conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven Roediger
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Shui Y, Imran S, Jin WH, Liu Y, Ismaeel N, Sun HM. Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselectivity-Switchable Hydroheteroarylation of Vinylarenes with Electron-Rich Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38059777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the first example of a regioselectivity switch in the hydroheteroarylation of vinylarenes with electron-rich heteroarenes, including benzofurans, benzothiophenes, and indoles, using an expedient ligand-controlled strategy. In the presence of NaOtBu, Ni(IMesMe)[P(OEt)3]Br2 yields C2-alkylated heteroarenes with high branched selectivity, whereas the use of Ni(IPr*OMe)[P(OEt)3]Br2 favors the formation of the corresponding linear products. This robust method also provides easy access to a range of C2-alkylated electron-rich heteroarenes without employing directing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shui
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sajid Imran
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nadia Ismaeel
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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6
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Yang S, Hu H, Chen M. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Regio- and Chemoselective Elimination of Primary Alkyl Bromides: A Mild Route to Synthesize Unactivated Terminal Olefins. Org Lett 2023; 25:7968-7973. [PMID: 37888796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Presented is a highly efficient method for visible-light-induced regio- and chemoselective elimination of alkyl halides yielding unactivated terminal olefins vital in organic synthesis. Achieved through ligand control, the reaction exhibits remarkable regioselectivity and suppresses undesired side reactions, particularly 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). The process favors primary alkyl halides while preserving secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides, thereby enabling the incorporation of terminal olefins in complex molecules for late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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7
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Wang Q, Jung H, Kim D, Chang S. Iridium-Catalyzed Migratory Terminal C(sp 3)-H Amidation of Heteroatom-Substituted Internal Alkenes via Olefin Chain Walking. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37906814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroamination facilitated by metal hydride catalysis is an appealing synthetic approach to access valuable nitrogen-containing compounds from readily available unsaturated hydrocarbons. While high regioselectivity can be achieved usually for substrates bearing polar chelation groups, the reaction involving simple alkenes frequently provides nonselective outcomes. Herein, we report an iridium-catalyzed highly regioselective terminal C(sp3)-H amidation of internal alkenes utilizing dioxazolones as an amino source via olefin chain walking. Most notably, this mechanistic motif of double bond migration to the terminal position operates not only with dialkyl-substituted simple alkenes including styrenes but also with heteroatom-substituted olefins such as enol ethers, vinyl silanes, and vinyl borons, thus representing the first example of the terminal methyl amidation of the latter type of alkenes through a nondissociative chain walking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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8
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Wang W, Yan X, Ye F, Zheng S, Huang G, Yuan W. Nickel/Photoredox Dual-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Aminoalkylation of Unactivated Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23385-23394. [PMID: 37824756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A mild and regiodivergent aminoalkylation of unactivated alkyl halides is disclosed via a dual photoredox/nickel catalysis. Bipyridyl-type ligands without an ortho-substituent control the site-selective coupling at the original position, while ortho-disubstituted ligands tune the site-selectivity at a remote, unprefunctionalized position. Mechanistic studies combined with DFT calculations give insight into the mechanism and the origins of the ligand-controlled regioselectivity. Notably, this redox-neutral, regiodivergent alkyl-alkyl coupling features mild conditions, broad substrate scope for both alkyl coupling partners, and excellent site-selectivity and offers a straightforward way for α-alkylation of tertiary amines to synthesize structurally diverse alkylamines and value-added amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
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9
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Li F, Luo Y, Ren J, Yuan Q, Yan D, Zhang W. Iridium-Catalyzed Remote Site-Switchable Hydroarylation of Alkenes Controlled by Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309859. [PMID: 37610735 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed remote site-switchable hydroarylation of alkenes was reported, delivering the products functionalized at the subterminal methylene and terminal methyl positions on an alkyl chain controlled by two different ligands, respectively, in good yields and with good to excellent site-selectivities. The catalytic system showed good functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope, including unactivated and activated alkenes. More importantly, the regioconvergent transformations of mixtures of isomeric alkenes were also successfully realized. The results of the mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction undergoes a chain-walking process to give an [Ar-Ir-H] complex of terminal alkene. The subsequent processes proceed through the modified Chalk-Harrod-type mechanism via the migratory insertion of terminal alkene into the Ir-C bond followed by C-H reductive elimination to afford the hydrofunctionalization products site-selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yicong Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinbao Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qianjia Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Deyue Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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10
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Zhong H, Egger DT, Gasser VCM, Finkelstein P, Keim L, Seidel MZ, Trapp N, Morandi B. Skeletal metalation of lactams through a carbonyl-to-nickel-exchange logic. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5273. [PMID: 37644031 PMCID: PMC10465567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical metalation reactions such as the metal-halogen exchange have had a transformative impact on organic synthesis owing to their broad applicability in building carbon-carbon bonds from carbon-halogen bonds. Extending the metal-halogen exchange logic to a metal-carbon exchange would enable the direct modification of carbon frameworks with new implications in retrosynthetic analysis. However, such a transformation requires the selective cleavage of highly inert chemical bonds and formation of stable intermediates amenable to further synthetic elaborations, hence its development has remained considerably challenging. Here we introduce a skeletal metalation strategy that allows lactams, a prevalent motif in bioactive molecules, to be readily converted into well-defined, synthetically useful organonickel reagents. The reaction features a selective activation of unstrained amide C-N bonds mediated by an easily prepared Ni(0) reagent, followed by CO deinsertion and dissociation under mild room temperature conditions in a formal carbonyl-to-nickel-exchange process. The underlying principles of this unique reactivity are rationalized by organometallic and computational studies. The skeletal metalation is further applied to a direct CO excision reaction and a carbon isotope exchange reaction of lactams, underscoring the broad potential of metal-carbon exchange logic in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhong
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic T Egger
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Loris Keim
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Merlin Z Seidel
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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11
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Bennett MT, Jia X, Musgrave CB, Zhu W, Goddard WA, Gunnoe TB. Pd(II) and Rh(I) Catalytic Precursors for Arene Alkenylation: Comparative Evaluation of Reactivity and Mechanism Based on Experimental and Computational Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37392467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
We combine experimental and computational investigations to compare and understand catalytic arene alkenylation using the Pd(II) and Rh(I) precursors Pd(OAc)2 and [(η2-C2H4)2Rh(μ-OAc)]2 with arene, olefin, and Cu(II) carboxylate at elevated temperatures (>120 °C). Under specific conditions, previous computational and experimental efforts have identified heterotrimetallic cyclic PdCu2(η2-C2H4)3(μ-OPiv)6 and [(η2-C2H4)2Rh(μ-OPiv)2]2(μ-Cu) (OPiv = pivalate) species as likely active catalysts for these processes. Further studies of catalyst speciation suggest a complicated equilibrium between Cu(II)-containing complexes containing one Rh or Pd atom with complexes containing two Rh or Pd atoms. At 120 °C, Rh catalysis produces styrene >20-fold more rapidly than Pd. Also, at 120 °C, Rh is ∼98% selective for styrene formation, while Pd is ∼82% selective. Our studies indicate that Pd catalysis has a higher predilection toward olefin functionalization to form undesired vinyl ester, while Rh catalysis is more selective for arene/olefin coupling. However, at elevated temperatures, Pd converts vinyl ester and arene to vinyl arene, which is proposed to occur through low-valent Pd(0) clusters that are formed in situ. Regardless of arene functionality, the regioselectivity for alkenylation of mono-substituted arenes with the Rh catalyst gives an approximate 2:1 meta/para ratio with minimal ortho C-H activation. In contrast, Pd selectivity is significantly influenced by arene electronics, with electron-rich arenes giving an approximate 1:2:2 ortho/meta/para ratio, while the electron-deficient (α,α,α)-trifluorotoluene gives a 3:1 meta/para ratio with minimal ortho functionalization. Kinetic intermolecular arene ethenylation competition experiments find that Rh reacts most rapidly with benzene, and the rate of mono-substituted arene alkenylation does not correlate with arene electronics. In contrast, with Pd catalysis, electron-rich arenes react more rapidly than benzene, while electron-deficient arenes react less rapidly than benzene. These experimental findings, in combination with computational results, are consistent with the arene C-H activation step for Pd catalysis involving significant η1-arenium character due to Pd-mediated electrophilic aromatic substitution character. In contrast, the mechanism for Rh catalysis is not sensitive to arene-substituent electronics, which we propose indicates less electrophilic aromatic substitution character for the Rh-mediated arene C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles B Musgrave
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - T Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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12
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Gao S, Wang C, Yang J, Zhang J. Cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular reductive cyclization via electrochemistry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1301. [PMID: 36894526 PMCID: PMC9998880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of 1,6-enynes has emerged as a powerful method for the construction of carbocycles and heterocycles. However, very rare examples worked under electrochemical conditions. We report herein a Co-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular reductive coupling of enynes via electrochemistry using H2O as hydride source. The products were obtained in good yields with high regio- and enantioselectivities. It represents the rare progress on the cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective transformation via electrochemistry with a general substrate scope. DFT studies explored the possible reaction pathways and revealed that the oxidative cyclization of enynes by LCo(I) is more favorable than oxidative addition of H2O or other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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13
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Liu T, Mao XR, Song S, Chen ZY, Wu Y, Xu LP, Wang P. Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of 1,1-Disubstituted Allenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216878. [PMID: 36651564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the first example of Ni-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of 1,1-disubstituted allenes with high level of regioselectivities and enantioselectivities. The key to achieve this stereoselective hydrosilylation reaction was the development of the SPSiOL-derived bisphosphite ligands (SPSiPO). This protocol features broad substrate scope, excellent functional group, and heterocycle tolerance, thus provides a versatile method for the construction of enantioenriched tertiary allylsilanes in a straightforward and atom-economic manner. DFT calculations were performed to reveal the reaction mechanism and the origins of the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Rui Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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14
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Ma S, Fan H, Day CS, Xi Y, Hartwig JF. Remote Hydroamination of Disubstituted Alkenes by a Combination of Isomerization and Regioselective N-H Addition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3875-3881. [PMID: 36780535 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Remote hydrofunctionalizations of alkenes incorporate functional groups distal to existing carbon-carbon double bonds. While remote carbonylations are well-known, remote hydrofunctionalizations are most common for addition of relatively nonpolar B-H, Si-H, and C-H bonds with alkenes. We report a system for the remote hydroamination of disubstituted alkenes to functionalize an alkyl chain selectively at the subterminal, unactivated, methylene position. Critical to the high regioselectivity and reaction rates are the electronic properties of the substituent on the amine and the development of the ligand DIP-Ad-SEGPHOS by evaluating the steric and electronic effects of ligand modules on reactivity and selectivity. The remote hydroamination is compatible with a broad scope of alkenes and aminopyridines and enables the regioconvergent synthesis of amines from an isomeric mixture of alkenes. The products can be derivatized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution on the amino substituent with a variety of nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senjie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haoyu Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Craig S Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yumeng Xi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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15
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Ketcham HE, Bennett MT, Reid CW, Gunnoe TB. Advances in arene alkylation and alkenylation catalyzed by transition metal complexes based on ruthenium, nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium and iridium. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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16
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Zhang Y, Ni Q, Pan B, Jiang L, Qiu L. Development of sterically hindered SPOs and enantioselective Ni−Al bimetallic catalyzed C−H cyclization of 4-oxoquinazolines with tethered alkenes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Dodd NA, Cao Y, Bacsa J, Towles EC, Gray TG, Sadighi JP. Three-Electron Nickel(I)/Nickel(0) Half-Bond. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16317-16324. [PMID: 36179078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An (N-heterocyclic carbene)nickel(I) cation precursor reacts with the corresponding nickel(0) complex to form a dinickel(I,0) monocation. The Ni···Ni distance in this cation is 0.93 Å shorter than in the analogous dinickel(0) complex. Although the solid-state structure shows equivalent Ni centers, density functional theory calculations indicate significant electronic localization. Reactions with CO and NO form mononuclear carbonyl and nitrosyl complexes. Oxidative addition of an aryl bromide results in C-arylation of the carbene ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Dodd
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States.,X-ray Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Eric C Towles
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Thomas G Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joseph P Sadighi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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18
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Wang JP, Song S, Wu Y, Wang P. Construction of azaheterocycles via Pd-catalyzed migratory cycloannulation reaction of unactivated alkenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5059. [PMID: 36030256 PMCID: PMC9420149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Azahetereocycles constitute important structural components in many biologically active natural compounds and marketed drugs, and represent the most promising scaffolds in drug discovery. Accordingly, the development of efficient and general synthetic methods for the construction of diverse azaheterocycles is the major goal in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report the efficient construction of a wide range of azaheterocycles via a Pd-catalyzed migratory cycloannulation strategy with unactivated alkenes. This strategy enables the rapid synthesis of a series of 6-, 7- and 8-membered azaheterocycles in high efficiency, and features a broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance under redox-neutral conditions. The significance of this finding is demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of drug-like molecules with high step-economy. Preliminary mechanistic investigations reveal that this reaction underwent a sequentially migratory insertion to alkenes, metal migration process, and the aza-Michael addition to a quinone methide intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Shuo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China.
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19
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Chen M, Montgomery J. Nickel-Catalyzed Intermolecular Enantioselective Heteroaromatic C–H Alkylation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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20
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Wang J, Liu D, Chang Z, Li Z, Fu Y, Lu X. Nickel‐Catalyzed Switchable Site‐Selective Alkene Hydroalkylation by Temperature Regulation**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205537. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Wang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - De‐Guang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Zhe Chang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yao Fu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xi Lu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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21
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Ma JB, Zhao X, Zhang D, Shi SL. Enantio- and Regioselective Ni-Catalyzed para-C-H Alkylation of Pyridines with Styrenes via Intermolecular Hydroarylation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13643-13651. [PMID: 35857884 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Direct asymmetric functionalization of the pyridyl C-H bond represents a longstanding challenge in organic chemistry. We herein describe the first enantioselective para-C-H activation of pyridines through the use of a Ni-Al bimetallic catalyst system and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand for intermolecular hydroarylation of styrenes. The reaction procceds in high to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98.5:1.5 er) and high site-selectivities for both styrene and pyridine components (up to >98:2). Consequently, a broad range of enantioenriched 1,1-diarylalkanes containing pyridine moieties could be prepared in a single step with 100% atom economy. Computational studies supported a mechanism involving a ligand-to-ligand H-transfer (LLHT) and reductive elimination sequence, with LLHT being the rate- and enantioselectivity-determining step. DFT studies indicate that the π-π stacking interaction between the NHC aryl fragment and trans-styrenes is critical for high reactivity and enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shi-Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Meng Q, Zhu B, Sakaki S. Theoretical Study of N-H σ-Bond Activation by Nickel(0) Complex: Reaction Mechanism, Electronic Processes, and Prediction of Better Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8715-8728. [PMID: 35621263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-H σ-bond activation of alkylamine by Ni(PCy3) was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. When simple alkylamine NHMe2 is a reactant, both concerted oxidative addition in Ni(PCy3)(NHMe2) and ligand-to-ligand H transfer reaction in Ni(PCy3)(C2H4)(NHMe2) are endergonic and need a high activation energy. When NH(Me)(Bs) (Bs = SO2Ph, a model of tosyl group used in experiments) is a reactant, both reactions are exergonic and occur easily with a much smaller activation energy. The much larger reactivity of NH(Me)(Bs) than that of NHMe2 results from the stronger Ni-N(Me)(Bs) bond than the Ni-NMe2 bond and the presence of the Ni-O bonding interaction between the Bs group and the Ni atom in the product. N-Heterocyclic carbene, 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr), is computationally predicted to be better than PCy3 because the Ni-NMe2 and Ni-N(Me)(Bs) bonds in the IPr complex are stronger, respectively, than those of the PCy3 complex. The introduction of the electron-withdrawing Bs group to the N atom of amine and the use of IPr as a ligand are recommended for the N-H σ-bond activation. The C-H σ-bond activations of benzene via the oxidative addition and the ligand-to-ligand H transfer reaction were also investigated here for comparison with the N-H σ-bond activation. The differences between the C-H σ-bond activation of benzene and the N-H σ-bond activation of these amines are discussed in terms of the N-H, C-H, Ni-Ph, and Ni-NMe2, and Ni-N(Me)(Bs) bond energies and back-donation to benzene from the Ni atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Meng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
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23
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Peng G, Humblot A, Wischert R, Vigier KDO, Pera-Titus M, Jérôme F. Heterogeneously-catalyzed competitive hydroarylation/hydromination of norbornene with aniline in the presence of Aquivion® ionomer. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Electron-Deficient Ru(II) Complexes as Catalyst Precursors for Ethylene Hydrophenylation. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10060076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) complexes with the general formula TpRu(L)(NCMe)Ph (Tp = hydrido(trispyrazolyl)borate, L = CO, PMe3, P(OCH2)3CEt, P(pyr)3, P(OCH2)2(O)CCH3) have previously been shown to catalyze arene alkylation via Ru-mediated arene C–H activation including the conversion of benzene and ethylene to ethylbenzene. Previous studies have suggested that the catalytic performance of these TpRu(II) catalysts increases with reduced electron-density at the Ru center. Herein, three new structurally related Ru(II) complexes are synthesized, characterized, and studied for possible catalytic benzene ethylation. TpRu(NO)Ph2 exhibited low stability due to the facile elimination of biphenyl. The Ru(II) complex (TpBr3)Ru(NCMe)(P(OCH2)3CEt)Ph (TpBr3 = hydridotris(3,4,5-tribromopyrazol-1-yl)borate) showed no catalytic activity for the conversion of benzene and ethylene to ethylbenzene, likely due to the steric bulk introduced by the bromine substituents. (Ttz)Ru(NCMe)(P(OCH2)3CEt)Ph (Ttz = hydridotris(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)borate) catalyzed approximately 150 turnover numbers (TONs) of ethylbenzene at 120 °C in the presence of Lewis acid additives. Here, we compare the activity and features of catalysis using (Ttz)Ru(NCMe)(P(OCH2)3CEt)Ph to previously reported catalysis based on TpRu(L)(NCMe)Ph catalyst precursors.
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25
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Logeswaran R, Jeganmohan M. Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed, Chelation‐Assisted C−H Alkenylation and Allylation of Organic Molecules with Unactivated Alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Wang JW, Liu DG, Chang Z, Li Z, Fu Y, Lu X. Nickel‐Catalyzed Switchable Site‐Selective Alkene Hydroalkylation by Temperature Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wang Wang
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - De-Guang Liu
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhe Chang
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhen Li
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yao Fu
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xi Lu
- University of Science and Technology of China Chemistry Jinzhai Road 230026 Hefei CHINA
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27
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NiH-catalysed proximal-selective hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes and the ligand effects on regioselectivity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1890. [PMID: 35393419 PMCID: PMC8990077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkene hydrocarbonation reactions have been developed to supplement traditional electrophile-nucleophile cross-coupling reactions. The branch-selective hydroalkylation method applied to a broad range of unactivated alkenes remains challenging. Herein, we report a NiH-catalysed proximal-selective hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes to access β- or γ-branched alkyl carboxylic acids and β-, γ- or δ-branched alkyl amines. A broad range of alkyl iodides and bromides with different functional groups can be installed with excellent regiocontrol and availability for site-selective late-stage functionalization of biorelevant molecules. Under modified reaction conditions with NiCl2(PPh3)2 as the catalyst, migratory hydroalkylation takes place to provide β- (rather than γ-) branched products. The keys to success are the use of aminoquinoline and picolinamide as suitable directing groups and combined experimental and computational studies of ligand effects on the regioselectivity and detailed reaction mechanisms. Difunctionalization of olefins is an ongoing and important focus of synthetic organic chemistry. Here the authors report a nickel-catalysed hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes to obtain branched alkyl carboxylic acids or alkyl amines, using aminoquinoline and picolinamide as directing groups.
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28
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Kawamura KE, Chang ASM, Martin DJ, Smith HM, Morris PT, Cook AK. Modular Ni(0)/Silane Catalytic System for the Isomerization of Alkenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiana E. Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Alison Sy-min Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Daryl J. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Haley M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Parker T. Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Amanda K. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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29
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Teng S, Zhou JS. Metal-catalyzed asymmetric heteroarylation of alkenes: diverse activation mechanisms. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1592-1607. [PMID: 35166742 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00426c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the state-of-the-art in transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of heteroarenes using alkenes (covering literature from 2000 to late 2021). Based on elementary reactions on metals for substrate activation, these reactions are broadly classified in several categories: (A) concerted oxidative addition of heteroaryl C-H bonds on rhodium(I) and iridium(I), (B) ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) on low-valent 3d metal complexes of nickel and cobalt, (C) different ways for deprotonation of heteroaryl C-H bonds by late transition metal complexes, especially palladium, including electrophilic aromatic substitution and a related mechanism, base-assisted intramolecular electrophilic substitution, concerted and nonconcerted metalation deprotonation, (D) σ-bond metathesis by d0 early transition metal complexes, (E) electrophilic activation of olefins by Pd(II), Pt(II) and Au(I), and (F) metal hydride insertion of aryl olefins and dienes. The demand to achieve enantiocontrol in the heteroarylation reactions has also driven innovation in chiral ancillary ligands, exemplified by extremely bulky, chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes for nickel catalysts, bulky monodentate oxazolines for Wacker-type reactions and chiral cyclopentadienyl ligands for half-sandwich complexes of scandium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Room F312, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Room F312, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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30
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Eisenstein O. From the Felkin‐Anh Rule to the Grignard Reaction: an Almost Circular 50 Year Adventure in the World of Molecular Structures and Reaction Mechanisms with Computational Chemistry**. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Eisenstein
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34095 France Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences University of Oslo Oslo 0315 Norway
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31
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Perutz RN, Sabo‐Etienne S, Weller AS. Metathesis by Partner Interchange in σ‐Bond Ligands: Expanding Applications of the σ‐CAM Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylviane Sabo‐Etienne
- CNRS LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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32
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Li LY, Leng BR, Li JZ, Liu QQ, Yu J, Wei P, Wang DC, Zhu YL. Palladium-catalyzed regioselective hydrosulfonylation of allenes with sulfinic acids. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8443-8448. [PMID: 35424818 PMCID: PMC8984952 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple palladium-based catalytic system for hydrosulfonylation of allenamides was established. Various nitrogen-containing linear allylic sulfones can be generated in moderate to excellent yield with E-selectivity and 100% atom utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan-Ying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Rong Leng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, Nanjing 210048, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianguang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - De-Cai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Long Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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33
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Peng G, Humblot A, Wischert R, De Oliveira Vigier K, Jiang F, Pera-Titus M, Jérôme F. Selective Acid-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Nonactivated Alkenes with Aniline Assisted by Hexafluoroisopropanol. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17896-17905. [PMID: 34855400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic hydroarylation of nonactivated alkenes with aniline is a reaction of high interest, aiming at providing C-functionalized aniline derivatives that are important precursors for the fabrication of polyurethanes. However, this reaction remains a longstanding goal of catalysis, as it requires one to simultaneously address two important goals: (1) the very low reactivity of nonactivated alkenes and (2) control of the hydroarylation/hydroamination selectivity. As a result, the hydroarylation of aniline is mostly restricted to activated alkenes (i.e., featuring ring strain, conjugation, or activation with electron-donating or -withdrawing groups). Here we show that the combination of bismuth triflate and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) leads to the formation of highly active catalytic species capable of promoting the hydroarylation of various nonactivated alkenes, such as 1-octene, 1-heptene, and 1-undecene, among others, with aniline with high selectivity (71-92%). Through a combined experimental and computational investigation, we propose a reaction pathway where HFIP stabilizes the rate-determining transition state through a H-bond interaction with the triflate anion, thus assisting the acid catalyst in the hydroarylation of nonactivated alkenes. From a practical point of view, this work opens a catalytic access to C-functionalized aniline derivatives from two cheap and abundant feedstocks in a 100% atom-economical fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongming Peng
- Eco-Efficient Products and Process Laboratory, SOLVAY/CNRS 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Industrial Zone, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Anaelle Humblot
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, University of Poitiers-CNRS 1 rue Marcel Doré, TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Raphael Wischert
- Eco-Efficient Products and Process Laboratory, SOLVAY/CNRS 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Industrial Zone, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Karine De Oliveira Vigier
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, University of Poitiers-CNRS 1 rue Marcel Doré, TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Fan Jiang
- Eco-Efficient Products and Process Laboratory, SOLVAY/CNRS 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Industrial Zone, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Marc Pera-Titus
- Eco-Efficient Products and Process Laboratory, SOLVAY/CNRS 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Industrial Zone, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - François Jérôme
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, University of Poitiers-CNRS 1 rue Marcel Doré, TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, France
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34
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Kanno S, Kakiuchi F, Kochi T. Palladium-Catalyzed Remote Diborylative Cyclization of Dienes with Diborons via Chain Walking. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19275-19281. [PMID: 34695350 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for catalytic remote bismetalation of alkene substrates by the addition of dimetal reagents is accomplished by using chain walking. In the presence of a palladium catalyst, the reaction of various 1,n-dienes and diborons were converted into cyclopentane derivatives with two boryl groups at remote positions via facile regioselective transformation of an unactivated sp3 C-H bond to a C-B bond. Sequential construction of three distant bonds, which is difficult to achieve by any method, was accomplished for the reactions of 1,n-dienes (n ≥ 7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kanno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Kochi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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35
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Muto K, Kumagai T, Kakiuchi F, Kochi T. Remote Arylative Substitution of Alkenes Possessing an Acetoxy Group via β-Acetoxy Elimination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24500-24504. [PMID: 34510680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed remote arylative substitution was achieved for the reaction of arylboronic acids with alkenes possessing a distant acetoxy group to provide arylation products having an alkene moiety at the remote position. The use of β-acetoxy elimination as a key step in the catalytic cycle allowed for regioselective formation of unstabilized alkenes after chain walking. This reaction was applicable to various arylboronic acids as well as alkene substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Muto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Kochi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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36
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Muto K, Kumagai T, Kakiuchi F, Kochi T. Remote Arylative Substitution of Alkenes Possessing an Acetoxy Group via β‐Acetoxy Elimination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Muto
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Takaaki Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Takuya Kochi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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37
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Ghosh S, Patel S, Chatterjee I. Chain-walking reactions of transition metals for remote C-H bond functionalization of olefinic substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11110-11130. [PMID: 34611681 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Past several decades have witnessed the great evolution of inert C-H bond functionalization reactions as an emerging technique for synthesizing drug molecules, agrochemicals, and functional materials with intricate three-dimensional architectures. Although most activation of "unreactive" C-H bonds was accomplished by exploiting the power of transition metal catalysts, the distant and selective activation of unreactive C-H bonds in an undirected fashion remains one of the critical challenges to this rapidly growing field of organic chemistry. In this context, to meet all these concerns, much more attractive and challenging transition metal catalytic transformations have begun to blossom in recent years with the aid of the chain-walking process. The chain-walking strategy is one of the state-of-the-art techniques in organic synthesis to functionalize the unreactive C-H bonds by allowing the movement of a metal complex along the hydrocarbon chain of the substrate to recognize preferable bond-forming sites. The essential advantage of this strategy is that the bonds are formed only at the places where the catalyst selects for the specific C-H bonds to be cleaved, which not only avoids tedious synthetic procedures for prefunctionalization and the emission of undesirable wastes but also inspires chemists to plan novel synthetic strategies in a completely different manner. Consequently, various C-H bond functionalization reactions have been reported in recent years, employing the vast opportunity provided by this growing field mainly for the acyclic olefinic systems with flexible alkyl chains. Thus, chain-walking reactions allow the reactivity of the reaction centers within the substrates that cannot be realized via the classical mode of reactivity of the substrates. Applying this approach, inexpensive feedstock materials and simple hydrocarbons as an isomeric mixture can be converted to a single isomeric product in a regioconvergent scenario. Simultaneously, the site-selectivity of these reactions can also be switched using a regiodivergent strategy via appropriate tuning of ligands or a slight modification of reaction conditions. Herein, we have provided a comprehensive overview of the chain-walking reactions involving a variety of catalytic systems ranging from the first-row transition metal catalysts to the third-row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation in a concise fashion with the hope for further developments in this area through the appropriate application of the chain-walking reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Sandeep Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
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Perutz RN, Sabo-Etienne S, Weller AS. Metathesis by Partner Interchange in σ-Bond Ligands: Expanding Applications of the σ-CAM Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111462. [PMID: 34694734 PMCID: PMC9299125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 2007 two of us defined the σ‐Complex Assisted Metathesis mechanism (Perutz and Sabo‐Etienne, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 2578–2592), that is, the σ‐CAM concept. This new approach to reaction mechanisms brought together metathesis reactions involving the formation of a variety of metal–element bonds through partner‐interchange of σ‐bond complexes. The key concept that defines a σ‐CAM process is a single transition state for metathesis that is connected by two intermediates that are σ‐bond complexes while the oxidation state of the metal remains constant in precursor, intermediates and product. This mechanism is appropriate in situations where σ‐bond complexes have been isolated or computed as well‐defined minima. Unlike several other mechanisms, it does not define the nature of the transition state. In this review, we highlight advances in the characterization and dynamic rearrangements of σ‐bond complexes, most notably alkane and zincane complexes, but also different geometries of silane and borane complexes. We set out a selection of catalytic and stoichiometric examples of the σ‐CAM mechanism that are supported by strong experimental and/or computational evidence. We then draw on these examples to demonstrate that the scope of the σ‐CAM mechanism has expanded to classes of reaction not envisaged in 2007 (additional σ‐bond ligands, agostic complexes, sp2‐carbon, surfaces). Finally, we provide a critical comparison to alternative mechanisms for metathesis of metal–element bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sylviane Sabo-Etienne
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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39
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Ni-catalyzed hydroalkylation of olefins with N-sulfonyl amines. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5881. [PMID: 34620857 PMCID: PMC8497516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroalkylation, the direct addition of a C(sp3)–H bond across an olefin, is a desirable strategy to produce valuable, complex structural motifs in functional materials, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. Herein, we report a reliable method for accessing α-branched amines via nickel-catalyzed hydroalkylation reactions. Specifically, by using bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel (Ni(cod)2) together with a phosphine ligand, we achieved a formal C(sp3)–H bond insertion reaction between olefins and N-sulfonyl amines without the need for an external hydride source. The amine not only provides the alkyl motif but also delivers hydride to the olefin by means of a nickel-engaged β–hydride elimination/reductive elimination process. This method provides a platform for constructing chiral α-branched amines by using a P-chiral ligand, demonstrating its potential utility in organic synthesis. Notably, a sulfonamidyl boronate complex formed in situ under basic conditions promotes ring-opening of the azanickellacycle reaction intermediate, leading to a significant improvement of the catalytic efficiency. Catalytic addition of a carbon chain and a hydrogen across a double bond has often required an added hydride source. Here the authors show a method to add alkanes with an amino functionality to olefins, wherein a nickel catalyst uses the amine itself as the hydride source, obviating an external hydride reagent.
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40
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Li QZ, Hara N, Semba K, Nakao Y, Sakaki S. Rh Complex with Unique Rh–Al Direct Bond: Theoretical Insight into its Characteristic Features and Application to Catalytic Reaction via σ-Bond Activation. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Chen J, Zhu S. Nickel-Catalyzed Multicomponent Coupling: Synthesis of α-Chiral Ketones by Reductive Hydrocarbonylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14089-14096. [PMID: 34436887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed, multicomponent regio- and enantioselective coupling via sequential hydroformylation and carbonylation from readily available starting materials has been developed. This modular multicomponent hydrofunctionalization strategy enables the straightforward reductive hydrocarbonylation of a broad range of unactivated alkenes to produce a wide variety of unsymmetrical dialkyl ketones bearing a functionalized α-stereocenter, including enantioenriched chiral α-aryl ketones and α-amino ketones. It uses chiral bisoxazoline as a ligand, silane as a reductant, chloroformate as a safe CO source, and a racemic secondary benzyl chloride or an N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) ester of a protected α-amino acid as the alkylation reagent. The benign nature of this process renders this method suitable for late-stage functionalization of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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42
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Ding Y, Long J, Sun F, Fang X. Nickel-Catalyzed Isomerization/Allylic Cyanation of Alkenyl Alcohols. Org Lett 2021; 23:6073-6078. [PMID: 34296889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein reported is a nickel-catalyzed isomerization/allylic cyanation of alkenyl alcohols, which complements current methods for the allylic substitution reactions. The specific diphosphite ligand and methanol as the solvent are crucial for the success for this transformation. A gram-scale regioconvergent experiment and formal synthesis of quebrachamine demonstrate the high potential of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinguo Long
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feilong Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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43
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He Y, Han B, Zhu S. Terminal-Selective C(sp 3)–H Arylation: NiH-Catalyzed Remote Hydroarylation of Unactivated Internal Olefins. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Zhou F, Zhu S. Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroalkylation of α,β-Unsaturated Amides Enabled by Regio-Reversed and Enantiodifferentiating syn-Hydronickellation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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45
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Liu CF, Luo X, Wang H, Koh MJ. Catalytic Regioselective Olefin Hydroarylation(alkenylation) by Sequential Carbonickelation-Hydride Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9498-9506. [PMID: 34152130 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alkene hydrocarbofunctionalization represents one of the most important classes of chemical transformations, but related branched-selective examples with unactivated olefins are scarce. Here, we report that catalytic amounts of a dimeric Ni(I) complex and an exogenous alkoxide base promote Markovnikov-selective hydroarylation(alkenylation) of unactivated and activated olefins using organo bromides or triflates derived from widely available phenols and ketones. Products bearing aryl- and alkenyl-substituted tertiary and quaternary centers could be isolated in up to 95% yield and >99:1 regioisomeric ratios. Contrary to previous dual-catalytic methods that rely on metal-hydride atom transfer (MHAT) to the olefin prior to carbofunctionalization with a cocatalyst, our mechanistic evidence points toward a nonradical reaction pathway that begins with site-selective carbonickelation across the C═C bond followed by hydride transfer using alkoxide as the hydride source. Utility of the single-catalyst protocol is highlighted through the synthesis of medicinally relevant scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
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46
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Iwamoto H, Tsuruta T, Ogoshi S. Development and Mechanistic Studies of ( E)-Selective Isomerization/Tandem Hydroarylation Reactions of Alkenes with a Nickel(0)/Phosphine Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsuruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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47
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Zhu W, Gunnoe TB. Advances in Group 10 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arene Alkylation and Alkenylation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6746-6766. [PMID: 33908253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
On a large scale, the dominant method to produce alkyl arenes has been arene alkylation from arenes and olefins using acid-based catalysis. The addition of arene C-H bonds across olefin C═C bonds catalyzed by transition-metal complexes through C-H activation and olefin insertion into metal-aryl bonds provides an alternative approach with potential advantages. This Perspective presents recent developments of olefin hydroarylation and oxidative olefin hydroarylation catalyzed by molecular complexes based on group 10 transition metals (Ni, Pd, Pt). Emphasis is placed on comparisons between Pt catalysts and other group 10 metal catalysts as well as Ru, Ir, and Rh catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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48
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Qi SL, Li Y, Li JF, Zhang T, Luan YX, Ye M. Ni-Catalyzed Dual C-H Annulation of Benzimidazoles with Alkynes for Synthesis of π-Extended Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:4034-4039. [PMID: 33970650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed dual C-H activation and annulation with alkynes was an attractive protocol to construct polycyclic π-extended structures. However, most of them were dominated by noble metal catalysts. Disclosed herein was the study of base-metal Ni-catalysis for dual C-H annulation of N-aromatic imidazole, which produced a range of desired polycyclic aza-quinolines in 48-95% yields. The use of bifunctional phosphine oxide ligand proved to be critical for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Long Qi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Xin Luan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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49
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Musgrave CB, Zhu W, Coutard N, Ellena JF, Dickie DA, Gunnoe TB, Goddard WA. Mechanistic Studies of Styrene Production from Benzene and Ethylene Using [(η 2-C 2H 4) 2Rh(μ-OAc)] 2 as Catalyst Precursor: Identification of a Bis-Rh I Mono-Cu II Complex As the Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Musgrave
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan Coutard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jeffrey F. Ellena
- Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Facility, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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50
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Yin G, Li Y, Wang RH, Li JF, Xu XT, Luan YX, Ye M. Ligand-Controlled Ni(0)–Al(III) Bimetal-Catalyzed C3–H Alkenylation of 2-Pyridones by Reversing Conventional Selectivity. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rong-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yu-Xin Luan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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