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Stigler S, Fujimori S, Kostenko A, Inoue S. Tetryliumylidene ions in synthesis and catalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4275-4291. [PMID: 38516066 PMCID: PMC10952068 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06452b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetryliumylidene ions ([R-E:]+), recognised for their intriguing electronic properties, have attracted considerable interest. These positively charged species, with two vacant p-orbitals and a lone pair at the E(ii) centre (E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), can be viewed as the combination of tetrylenes (R2E:) and tetrylium ions ([R3E]+), which makes them potent Lewis ambiphiles. Such electronic features highlight the potential of tetryliumylidenes for single-site small molecule activation and transition metal-free catalysis. The effective utilisation of the electrophilicity and nucleophilicity of tetryliumylidenes is expected to stem from appropriate ligand choice. For most of the isolated tetryliumylidenes, electron donor- and/or kinetic stabilisation is necessary. This minireview highlights the developments in tetryliumylidene syntheses and the progress of research towards their reactivity and applications in catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stigler
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Shiori Fujimori
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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2
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Philipp MSM, Bertermann R, Radius U. Activation of Ge-H and Sn-H Bonds with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202493. [PMID: 36177710 PMCID: PMC10100474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A study of the reactivity of several N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene 1-(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene (cAACMe ) with the group 14 hydrides GeH2 Mes2 and SnH2 Me2 (Me=CH3 , Mes=1,3,5-(CH3 )3 C6 H2 ) is presented. The reaction of GeH2 Mes2 with cAACMe led to the insertion of cAACMe into one Ge-H bond to give cAACMe H-GeHMes2 (1). If 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene (Me2 ImMe ) was used as the carbene, NHC-mediated dehydrogenative coupling occurred, which led to the NHC-stabilized germylene Me2 ImMe ⋅GeMes2 (2). The reaction of SnH2 Me2 with cAACMe also afforded the insertion product cAACMe H-SnHMe2 (3), and reaction of two equivalents Me2 ImMe with SnH2 Me2 gave the NHC-stabilized stannylene Me2 ImMe ⋅SnMe2 (4). If the sterically more demanding NHCs Me2 ImMe , 1,3-di-isopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene (iPr2 ImMe ) and 1,3-bis-(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene (Dipp2 Im) were employed, selective formation of cyclic oligomers (SnMe2 )n (5; n=5-8) in high yield was observed. These cyclic oligomers were also obtained from the controlled decomposition of cAACMe H-SnHMe2 (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S M Philipp
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Zhao Z, Tan J, Chen T, Hussain Z, Li Y, Wu Y, Stephan DW. Ambiphilic Behavior of Ge(II)-Pseudohalides in Inter- and Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pair Alkyne Addition Reactions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18670-18677. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjie Tan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanguo Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yile Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S3H6, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
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4
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Nakaya K, Takahashi S, Ishii A, Nakata N. Iminophosphonamido-Supported Plumbylenes and Plumbyliumylidenes: Synthesis and Properties. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15510-15519. [PMID: 36129289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of low-valent lead(II) species, i.e., plumbylenes and plumbyliumylidenes supported by an N,N'-di-tert-butyliminophosphonamide ligand, have been synthesized. Chloroplumbylene [Ph2P(NtBu)2PbCl] (1) was readily prepared by the reaction of the corresponding lithium iminophosphonamide and PbCl2 in THF. The substitution reaction of 1 with KN(SiMe3)2 in THF afforded the corresponding aminoplumbylene [Ph2P(NtBu)2PbN(SiMe3)2] (2) in the form of colorless crystals. The structures of these plumbylenes in the solid state and in solution were exhaustively characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. In the crystalline state, 1 adopts a nearly linear polymeric structure in the direction of the c axis via Pb-Cl bonds, with alternating four-membered PbN2P rings. The chloride-abstraction reaction of 1 using Na[B(C6F5)4] in fluorobenzene proceeded efficiently at ambient temperature to furnish plumbyliumylidene [Ph2P(NtBu)2Pb:]+ (3+), which was isolated as the air-sensitive yellow borate salt 3[B(C6F5)4]. Plumbyliumylidene 3[B(C6F5)4] acts as a Lewis acid catalyst for the hydroboration of benzophenone and benzaldehyde at catalyst loadings of as low as 0.1 mol % under ambient conditions. Furthermore, the details of the reaction mechanism are discussed on the basis of the results of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nakaya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shintaro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Norio Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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5
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Banerjee S, Vanka K. Computational insights into hydroboration with acyclic α-Borylamido-germylene and stannylene catalysts: Cooperative dual catalysis the key to system efficiency. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Auer M, Diab F, Eichele K, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Reactivity of organogermanium and organotin trihydrides. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5950-5961. [PMID: 35348165 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00681b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The organogermanium and organotin trihydrides (TbbEH3) [E = Ge (3), Sn (7)] with the Tbb substituent were synthesized by hydride substitution (Tbb = 2,6-[CH(SiMe3)2]2-4-(t-Bu)C6H2). Deprotonation of the organoelement trihydrides 3 and 7 was studied in reaction with bases MeLi, BnK and LDA (Bn = benzyl, LDA = lithium diisopropylamide) to yield the deprotonation products (8-11) as lithium or potassium salts. Hydride abstraction from TbbSnH3 using the trityl salt [Ph3C][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] gives the salt [TbbSnH2][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (12) which was stabilized by thf donor ligands [TbbSnH2(thf)2][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (13). Tintrihydride 7 reacts with trialkylamine Et2MeN to give as the product of a reductive elimination of hydrogen the distannane (TbbSnH2)2 (14). Transfer of hydrogen was observed in reaction of trihydrides TbbEH3 (E = Ge, Sn) and Ar*GeH3 with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The NHC adduct TbbSnH(iPrNHC) (15) was synthesized at rt and the germanium hydrides exhibit hydrogen transfer at higher temperatures to give Ar*GeH(MeNHC) (16) and TbbGeH(MeNHC) (17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Auer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Fatima Diab
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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7
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Biswas S, Patel N, Deb R, Majumdar M. Chemistry of the Bis(imine)-Based Tetradentate Ligand Stabilized Group 14 E(II) Cations (E=Ge and Sn). CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200003. [PMID: 35253982 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ambiphilic Ge(II) and Sn(II) cationic species have been reported to be isolated through kinetic or thermodynamic stabilizations. Nonetheless, steric congestion or excessive coordination of donor atoms to the cationic center concurrently disfavors its prompt reactivity. Our research in this field revolves around the utilization of structurally non-rigid bis(imine) based tetradentate supporting ligands for the stabilization of Ge(II) and Sn(II) cationic species. Such E(II) cationic systems have been advantaged due to inherent flexibility present at the ligand backbone allowing disposal of E(II) orbitals through geometric rearrangements for further reactivity. The bifunctionality present in the ligand enables the first examples of Ge(II) bis-monocations. Furthermore, the redox-active nature of the ligand encourages participation in chemical transformations. In this personal account we have provided a detailed discussion of our published work in this direction in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swastik Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niranjan Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
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8
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. The Dimethylbismuth Cation: Entry Into Dative Bi-Bi Bonding and Unconventional Methyl Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24388-24394. [PMID: 34378855 PMCID: PMC8596701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of simple, fundamentally important, and highly reactive organometallic compounds remains among the most challenging tasks in synthetic chemistry. The detailed characterization of such compounds is key to the discovery of novel bonding scenarios and reactivity. The dimethylbismuth cation, [BiMe2 (SbF6 )] (1), has been isolated and characterized. Its reaction with BiMe3 gives access to an unprecedented dative bond, a Bi→Bi donor-acceptor interaction. The exchange of methyl groups (arguably the simplest hydrocarbon moiety) between different metal atoms is among the most principal types of reactions in organometallic chemistry. The reaction of 1 with BiMe3 enables an SE 2(back)-type methyl exchange, which is, for the first time, investigated in detail for isolable, (pseudo-)homoleptic main-group compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felix Geist
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
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9
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. Das Dimethylbismut‐Kation: Zugang zu dativen Bi‐Bi‐Bindungen und unkonventionellem Methylaustausch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felix Geist
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
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10
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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11
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Maudrich J, Diab F, Weiß S, Zweigart M, Eichele K, Schubert H, Müller R, Kaupp M, Wesemann L. Tetryl-Tetrylene Addition to Phenylacetylene. Chemistry 2021; 27:4691-4699. [PMID: 33332670 PMCID: PMC7986144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenylacetylene adds [Ar*GeH2 -SnAr'], [Ar*GeH2 -PbAr'] and [Ar'SnH2 -PbAr*] at rt in a regioselective and stereoselective reaction. The highest reactivity was found for the stannylene, which reacts immediately upon addition of one equivalent of alkyne. However, the plumbylenes exhibit addition to the alkyne only in reaction with an excess of phenylacetylene. The product of the germylplumbylene addition reacts with a second equivalent of alkyne and the product of a CH-activation, a dimeric lead acetylide, were isolated. In the case of the stannylplumbylene the trans-addition product was characterized as the kinetically controlled product which isomerizes at rt to yield the cis-addition product, which is stabilized by an intramolecular Sn-H-Pb interaction. NMR chemical shifts of the olefins were investigated using two- and four-component relativistic DFT calculations, as spin-orbit effects can be large. Hydride abstraction was carried out by treating [Ar'SnPhC=CHGeH2 Ar*] with the trityl salt [Ph3 C][Al(OC{CF3 })4 ] to yield a four membered ring cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob‐Jonathan Maudrich
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Fatima Diab
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Sebastian Weiß
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Magda Zweigart
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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12
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Sharma MK, Ebeler F, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of a Ge(I) Diradicaloid and Dihydrogen Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:121-125. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Falk Ebeler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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Mohapatra C, Darmandeh H, Steinert H, Mallick B, Feichtner K, Gessner VH. Synthesis of Low-Valent Dinuclear Group 14 Compounds with Element-Element Bonds by Transylidation. Chemistry 2020; 26:15145-15149. [PMID: 32954596 PMCID: PMC7756224 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear low-valent compounds of the heavy main group elements are rare species owing to their intrinsic reactivity. However, they represent desirable target molecules due to their unusual bonding situations as well as applications in bond activations and materials synthesis. The isolation of such compounds usually requires the use of substituents that provide sufficient stability and synthetic access. Herein, we report on the use of strongly donating ylide-substituents to access low-valent dinuclear group 14 compounds. The ylides not only impart steric and electronic stabilization, but also allow facile synthesis via transfer of an ylide from tetrylene precursors of type R Y2 E to ECl2 (E=Ge, Sn; R Y=TolSO2 (PR3 )C with R=Ph, Cy). This method allowed the isolation of dinuclear complexes amongst a germanium analogue of a vinyl cation, [(Ph Y)2 GeGe(Ph Y)]+ with an electronic structure best described as a germylene-stabilized GeII cation and a ylide(chloro)digermene [Cy Y(Cl)GeGe(Cl)Cy Y] with an unusually unsymmetrical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrajeet Mohapatra
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Heidar Darmandeh
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Henning Steinert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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14
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Tschernuth FS, Hanusch F, Szilvási T, Inoue S. Isolation and Reactivity of Chlorotetryliumylidenes Using a Bidentate Bis(N-heterocyclic imine) Ligand. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian S. Tschernuth
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1607, United States
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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15
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Sarkar D, Weetman C, Dutta S, Schubert E, Jandl C, Koley D, Inoue S. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Germa-acylium Ion: Reactivity and Utility in Catalytic CO2 Functionalizations. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15403-15411. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debotra Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Catherine Weetman
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Emeric Schubert
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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16
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Röther A, Kretschmer R. Syntheses of Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)s and their application in main-group chemistry. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Buades AB, Kelemen Z, Arderiu VS, Zaulet A, Viñas C, Teixidor F. A fast and simple B-C bond formation in metallacarboranes avoiding halometallacarboranes and transition metal catalysts. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3525-3531. [PMID: 32108183 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrophilic substitution on metallacarboranes by using a stabilized carbocation that can be made in situ is reported for the first time. This new synthetic methodology provides a new perspective on easy metallacarborane derivatization with organic fragments, which enhances the properties of both fragments and widens their possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Buades
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona - CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Dasgupta R, Khan S. N-heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes: Synthesis, reactivity and catalytic application in a nutshell. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Maudrich JJ, Diab F, Weiß S, Widemann M, Dema T, Schubert H, Krebs KM, Eichele K, Wesemann L. Deprotonation of Organogermanium and Organotin Trihydrides. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15758-15768. [PMID: 31368306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Terphenyltin and terphenylgermanium trihydrides were deprotonated in reaction with strong bases, such as LiMe, LDA, or KBn. In the solid state, the Li salts of the germate anion 4 and 4a exhibit a Li-Ge contact. In the Li salt of the dihydridostannate anion 6a, the Li cation is not coordinated at the tin atom instead an interaction of the Li cation with the hydride substituents was found. Evidenced by 1H-7Li-HOESY NMR spectroscopy the Li-salt of the deprotonated tin hydride 6a exhibits in toluene solution a contact between Li cation and hydride substituents, whereas in the 1H-7Li-HOESY NMR spectrum of the homologous germate salt 4a, no crosspeak between hydride and Li signals was found. The organodihydridogermate and -stannate react as nucleophiles with low-valent Group 14 electrophiles. Thus, three compounds were synthesized: Ar-Ë'-EH2-Ar (E', E = Sn, Ge; Pb, Ge; Pb, Sn; Ar = Ar', Ar*). Following an alternative synthesis Ar'SnH2PbAr* was synthesized in reaction between [(Ar*PbH)2] and [(Ar'SnH)4] generated in situ. In reaction between low-valent organotin hydride [(Ar*SnH)2] and organdihydridostannate [Ar*SnH2]- formation of distannate [Ar*2Sn2H3]- was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob-Jonathan Maudrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Fatima Diab
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Sebastian Weiß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Max Widemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Taulant Dema
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Kilian M Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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20
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MacLeod KC, DiMucci IM, Zovinka EP, McWilliams SF, Mercado BQ, Lancaster KM, Holland PL. Masked Radicals: Iron Complexes of Trityl, Benzophenone, and Phenylacetylene. Organometallics 2019; 38:4224-4232. [PMID: 34103782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the first Fe─CPh3 complex, and show that the long Fe─C bond can be disrupted by neutral π-acceptor ligands (benzophenone and phenylacetylene) to release the triphenylmethyl radical. The products are formally iron(I) complexes, but X-ray absorption spectroscopy coupled with density functional and multireference ab initio calculations indicates that the best description of all the complexes is iron(II). In the formally iron(I) complexes, this does not imply that the π-acceptor ligand has radical character, because the iron(II) description arises from doubly-occupied frontier molecular orbitals that are shared equitably by the iron and the π-acceptor ligand, and the unpaired electrons lie on the metal. Despite the lack of substantial radical character on the ligands, alkyne and ketone fragments can couple to form a high-spin iron(III) complex with a cyclized metalladihydrofuran core.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cory MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Edward P Zovinka
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Francis University, Loretto, Pennsylvania 15940
| | - Sean F McWilliams
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
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21
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Tremmel J, Erben M, Dostál L, Růžičková Z, Turek J, Jambor R. Reactivity of Monomeric N→Ge Coordinated Germanium(II) Hydrides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tremmel
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC) Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
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22
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Diab F, Aicher FSW, Sindlinger CP, Eichele K, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Reductive Elimination and Oxidative Addition of Hydrogen at Organostannylium and Organogermylium Cations. Chemistry 2019; 25:4426-4434. [PMID: 30706972 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Diab
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Frederik S. W. Aicher
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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23
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24
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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25
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Hadlington TJ, Driess M, Jones C. Low-valent group 14 element hydride chemistry: towards catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4176-4197. [PMID: 29666847 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00649g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of group 14 element(ii) hydride complexes has rapidly expanded since the first stable example of such a compound was reported in 2000. Since that time it has become apparent that these systems display remarkable reactivity patterns, in some cases mimicking those of late transition-metal (TM) hydride compounds. This is especially so for the hydroelementation of unsaturated organic substrates. Recently, this aspect of their reactivity has been extended to the use of group 14 element(ii) hydrides as efficient, "TM-like" catalysts in organic synthesis. This review will detail how the chemistry of these hydride compounds has advanced since their early development. Throughout, there is a focus on the importance of ligand effects in these systems, and how ligand design can greatly modify a coordinated complex's electronic structure, reactivity, and catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrance J Hadlington
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Techniche Universitat Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Sharma MK, Sinhababu S, Yadav D, Mukherjee G, Rajaraman G, Nagendran S. Pseudohalogenogermylenes versus Halogenogermylenes: Difference in their Complexation Behavior towards Group 6 Metal Carbonyls. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1357-1365. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110 016 India
| | - Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110 016 India
| | - Dhirendra Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110 016 India
| | - Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110 016 India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Selvarajan Nagendran
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110 016 India
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27
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Su Y, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Isolation and Reactivity of a Chlorogermyliumylidene Featuring Two Ge-Cl Units. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 637371 Singapore Singapore
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28
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Wang S, Sherbow TJ, Berben LA, Power PP. Reversible Coordination of H 2 by a Distannyne. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:590-593. [PMID: 29272120 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The terphenyl tin(II) hydride [AriPr4Sn(μ-H)]2 (1) (AriPr4 = C6H3-2,6(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)2) was shown to form an equilibrium with the distannyne AriPr4SnSnAriPr4 (2) and H2 in toluene at 80 °C. The equilibrium constant and Gibbs free energy for the dissociation of H2 are 2.23 × 10-4 ± 4.9% and 5.89 kcal/mol ± 0.68%, respectively, by 1H NMR spectroscopy and 2.33 × 10-4 ± 6.2% and 5.86 kcal/mol ± 0.73%, respectively, by UV-vis spectroscopy, indicating that the hydride 1 is strongly favored. Further heating of 2 at ca. 100 °C afforded the known pentagonal-bipyramidal Sn7 cluster Sn5(SnAriPr4)2 (3). Mechanistic studies show that 3 is formed from distannyne 2, which is generated from 1. The order of the reaction for the conversion of 2 into 3 was found to be zero, and the rate constant is 1.77 × 10-5 M s-1 at 100 °C. Hydride 1 was further characterized by cyclic voltammetry, and its pKa was found to be 18.8(2) via titration with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. The bond dissociation free energy was estimated to be 51.1 kcal/mol ± 3.4% on the basis of its pKa and reduction potential. Studies with deuterium indicate ready exchange of D2 with the hydrides in 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tobias J Sherbow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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29
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Benedek Z, Orbán B, Szilvási T. Theoretical Evidence for the Utilization of Low-Valent Main-Group Complexes as Rare-Synthon Equivalents. Chemistry 2017; 23:17908-17914. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Benedek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Balázs Orbán
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1415 Engineering Drive Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
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30
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Novotný M, Švec P, Růžičková Z, Růžička A. Direct access to non-symmetric lithium nitriloamidinate and disymmetric dilithium bisamidinate complexes from 1,3- or 1,4- dicyanobenzene and lithium amides. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Jambor R, Lyčka A. Organosilicon and ‐germanium Hydrides in Catalyst‐Free Hydrometallation Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 95 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Lyčka
- Faculty of Chemical Technology Centre of Organic Chemistry Rybitví 296 53354 Rybitví Czech Republic
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32
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Beyond carbocations: Synthesis, structure and reactivity of heavier Group 14 element cations. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Tremmel J, Dostál L, Erben M, Růžičková Z, Turek J, De Proft F, Jambor R. Monomeric
C
,
N
‐Chelated Germanium Hydrides in N–C Bond Cleavage. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tremmel
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC) Member of the QCMM VUB‐UGent Alliance Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC) Member of the QCMM VUB‐UGent Alliance Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
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34
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Benedek Z, Szilvási T. Theoretical Assessment of Low-Valent Germanium Compounds as Transition Metal Ligands: Can They Be Better than Phosphines or NHCs? Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Benedek
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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35
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Xiong Y, Yao S, Szilvási T, Ballestero-Martínez E, Grützmacher H, Driess M. Unexpected Photodegradation of a Phosphaketenyl-Substituted Germyliumylidene Borate Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ernesto Ballestero-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
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36
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Xiong Y, Yao S, Szilvási T, Ballestero-Martínez E, Grützmacher H, Driess M. Unexpected Photodegradation of a Phosphaketenyl-Substituted Germyliumylidene Borate Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4333-4336. [PMID: 28295977 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first zwitterionic borata-bis(NHC)-stabilized phosphaketenyl germyliumylidene [(L2 (O=C=P)Ge:] 2 (L2 =(p-tolyl)2 B[1-(1-adamantyl)-3-yl-2-ylidene]2 ) has been synthesized by salt-metathesis reaction of [L2 (Cl)Ge:] 1 with sodium phosphaethynolate [(dioxane)n NaOCP]. Unexpectedly, its exposure to UV light affords, after reductive elimination of the entire PCO group, the unprecedented [L2 Ge-GeL2 ] complex 3 in 54 % yields bearing the Ge22+ ion with Ge in the oxidation state +1. In addition, the 1,3-digermylium-2,4-diphosphacyclobutadiene [L2 Ge(μ-P)2 GeL2 ] 4 and bis(germyliumylidenyl)-substituted diphosphene [(L2 Ge-P=P-GeL2 )] 5 could also be obtained in moderate yields. The formation of 3-5 and their electronic structures have been elucidated with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ernesto Ballestero-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Raut RK, Majumdar M. Direct coordination of a germanium(ii) dicationic center to transition metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1467-1469. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A group 14 E(ii) dicationic center effortlessly coordinates to transition metal centers, demonstrating as an efficient cationic ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K. Raut
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune-411008
- India
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38
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Sindlinger CP, Aicher FSW, Wesemann L. Cationic Stannylenes: In Situ Generation and NMR Spectroscopic Characterization. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:548-560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frederik S. W. Aicher
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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39
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Schneider J, Sindlinger CP, Freitag SM, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Diverse Activation Modes in the Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones with Germanium, Tin, and Lead Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:333-337. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Sarah M. Freitag
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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40
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Schneider J, Sindlinger CP, Freitag SM, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Diverse Activation Modes in the Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones with Germanium, Tin, and Lead Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Sarah M. Freitag
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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41
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Hickey AK, Lee WT, Chen CH, Pink M, Smith JM. A Bidentate Carbene Ligand Stabilizes a Low-Coordinate Iron(0) Carbonyl Complex. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Wei-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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42
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Nasr A, Winkler A, Tamm M. Anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes: Synthesis, coordination chemistry and applications in homogeneous catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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43
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Santini C, Marinelli M, Pellei M. Boron-Centered Scorpionate-Type NHC-Based Ligands and Their Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology; Chemistry Division; University of Camerino; via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Macerata Italy
| | - Marika Marinelli
- School of Science and Technology; Chemistry Division; University of Camerino; via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Macerata Italy
| | - Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology; Chemistry Division; University of Camerino; via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Macerata Italy
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44
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Engesser TA, Lichtenthaler MR, Schleep M, Krossing I. Reactive p-block cations stabilized by weakly coordinating anions. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:789-899. [PMID: 26612538 PMCID: PMC4758321 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of the p-block elements is a huge playground for fundamental and applied work. With their bonding from electron deficient to hypercoordinate and formally hypervalent, the p-block elements represent an area to find terra incognita. Often, the formation of cations that contain p-block elements as central ingredient is desired, for example to make a compound more Lewis acidic for an application or simply to prove an idea. This review has collected the reactive p-block cations (rPBC) with a comprehensive focus on those that have been published since the year 2000, but including the milestones and key citations of earlier work. We include an overview on the weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) used to stabilize the rPBC and give an overview to WCA selection, ionization strategies for rPBC-formation and finally list the rPBC ordered in their respective group from 13 to 18. However, typical, often more organic ion classes that constitute for example ionic liquids (imidazolium, ammonium, etc.) were omitted, as were those that do not fulfill the - naturally subjective -"reactive"-criterion of the rPBC. As a rule, we only included rPBC with crystal structure and only rarely refer to important cations published without crystal structure. This collection is intended for those who are simply interested what has been done or what is possible, as well as those who seek advice on preparative issues, up to people having a certain application in mind, where the knowledge on the existence of a rPBC that might play a role as an intermediate or active center may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Martin R. Lichtenthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Mario Schleep
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
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45
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Abstract
This Review article deals with the synthesis and properties of inorganic hydrocarbon analogues: binary chemical species that contain heavier Group 14 elements (Si, Ge, Sn or Pb) and hydrogen as components. Rapid advances in our general knowledge of these species have enabled the development of industrially relevant processes such as the hydrosilylation of unsaturated substrates and the chemical vapor deposition of semi-conducting films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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46
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Swamy VSVSN, Yadav S, Pal S, Das T, Vanka K, Sen SS. Facile access to a Ge(ii) dication stabilized by isocyanides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7890-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03789e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide with GeCl2 afforded a Ge(ii) dication, which is stabilized by four isonitrile ligands through σ-donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. V. S. N. Swamy
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Shiv Pal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Tamal Das
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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47
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Hansen K, Szilvási T, Blom B, Driess M. Transition Metal Complexes of a “Half-Parent” Phosphasilene Adduct Representing Silylene→Phosphinidene→Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hansen
- Metalorganics
and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Burgert Blom
- Metalorganics
and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Metalorganics
and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Karwasara S, Siwatch RK, Jha CK, Nagendran S. Aminotroponiminatosilathio- and Siloxygermylenes: Reactivity Comparison. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surendar Karwasara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110
016, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Siwatch
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110
016, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110
016, India
| | - Selvarajan Nagendran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110
016, India
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49
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Hadlington TJ, Schwarze B, Izgorodina EI, Jones C. Two-coordinate hydrido-germylenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6854-7. [PMID: 25791698 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first structurally characterised two-coordinate hydrido-germylenes, :Ge(H)L (L = -N(Ar){Si(OBu)}, Ar = C6H2{C(H)Ph2}2R-2,6,4; R = Pr(i) ((tBuO)L(†)), Me ((tBuO)L*)), have been prepared, and their dimerisation shown to be thermodynamically unfavourable, largely due to the extreme steric bulk of their amide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrance J Hadlington
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
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50
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Wu Y, Liu LL, Su J, Yan K, Wang T, Zhu J, Gao X, Gao Y, Zhao Y. Reactivity of Germylene toward Phosphorus-Containing Compounds: Nucleophilic Addition and Tautomerism. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:4423-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
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