1
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Hyun YE, Kweon J, Linh Phan TH, Kim D, Han S. α- N-phthalimido-oxy isobutyrate-mediated deoxygenative arylation: total synthesis of alanenses A and B. Chem Sci 2025:d5sc00341e. [PMID: 40336999 PMCID: PMC12053228 DOI: 10.1039/d5sc00341e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Inspired by a biosynthetic hypothesis of alanense A, we developed two distinct methods for the deoxygenative arylation of α-N-phthalimido-oxy isobutyrate (NPIB), derived from hydroxyl groups adjacent to or conjugated with a carbonyl moiety. One approach utilizes photoredox catalysis to achieve a radical-mediated arylation reaction. The other approach involves an acid-mediated arylation method that proceeds through a cationic intermediate. The acid-mediated approach was successfully applied to the total syntheses of alanenses A, B, and O7'-methyllacinilene E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eum Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonguk Kweon
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hieu Linh Phan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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2
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Li J, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Chen M. Photocatalytic Redox-Neutral and Reductive Deoxygenative Alkylation of Benzyl Alcohols Using N-Acyl Carbamothioates as Radical Precursors. J Org Chem 2025; 90:3308-3321. [PMID: 40009028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photocatalytic redox-neutral and reductive deoxygenative alkylation of N-acyl carbamothioates from benzylic alcohols, with substituted Hantzsch esters and allylic sulfones to afford unsymmetrical 1,2-diaryl ethanes and allylarylmethanes, respectively. This protocol facilitates facile deoxyalkylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary benzylic alcohol-derived N-acyl carbamothioates, which features mild reaction conditions, broad functional group tolerance, and the obviation of external S/O trapping reagents as well as transition metal-coupling catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaqun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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3
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Laktsevich-Iskryk M, Hurski A, Ošeka M, Kananovich D. Recent advances in asymmetric synthesis via cyclopropanol intermediates. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:992-1015. [PMID: 39670922 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Cyclopropanols have attracted significant attention in organic synthesis as versatile three-carbon synthons, as this readily available class of donor-activated cyclopropanes undergoes miscellaneous transformations, either via ring-opening or with retention of the cyclopropane ring. This review summarizes stereoselective and stereoretentive transformations suitable for asymmetric synthesis. The utility of cyclopropanols is discussed for two main strategies: (i) substrate-controlled transformations using enantiomerically enriched cyclopropanol intermediates through a traditional approach, and (ii) the use of nonchiral or racemic cyclopropanols, where asymmetric induction is achieved through a chiral catalyst, representing a direction that has recently emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Laktsevich-Iskryk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Alaksiej Hurski
- Republican Scientific Center of Human Issues, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220064, Belarus
- Scientific Testing Center Campilab Ltd., Dynaraŭka 222202, Belarus
| | - Maksim Ošeka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Dzmitry Kananovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
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4
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Wanderley TS, Buscemi R, Conboy Ó, Knight B, Crisenza GEM. General Alkene 1,2- syn-Cyano-Hydroxylation Procedure Via Electrochemical Activation of Isoxazoline Cycloadducts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:32848-32858. [PMID: 39537202 PMCID: PMC11613428 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Stereoselective alkene 1,2-difunctionalization is a privileged strategy to access three-dimensional C(sp3)-rich chiral molecules from readily available "flat" carbon feedstocks. State-of-the-art approaches exploit chiral transition metal-catalysts to enable high levels of regio- and stereocontrol. However, this is often achieved at the expense of a limited alkene scope and reduced generality. 1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions are routinely used to form heterocycles from alkenes with high levels of regioselectivity and stereospecificity. Nevertheless, methods for the ring-opening of cycloadducts to reveal synthetically useful functionalities require the use of hazardous reagents or forcing reaction conditions; thus limiting their synthetic applications. Herein, we describe the implementation of a practical, general and selective electrosynthetic strategy for olefin 1,2-syn-difunctionalization, which hinges on the design of novel reagents-consisting of a nitrile oxide 1,3-dipole precursor, equipped with a sulfonyl-handle. These can selectively difunctionalize alkenes via "click" 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, and then facilitate the telescoped electrochemical single electron transfer activation of the ensuing isoxazoline intermediate. Cathodic reduction of the cycloadduct triggers a radical fragmentation pathway delivering sought-after stereodefined 1,2-syn-hydroxy nitrile derivatives. Our telescoped electrochemical procedure tolerates a wide range of functionalities, and─crucially─enables the difunctionalization of both electron-rich, electron-poor and unactivated olefins, with diverse degree of substitution; thus providing a robust, general and selective metal-free alternative to current alkene difunctionalization strategies. Capitalizing on these features, we employed our electrosynthetic method to enable the late-stage syn-hydroxy-cyanation of natural products and bioactive compounds, and streamline the de novo synthesis of pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciano
A. S. Wanderley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Roberto Buscemi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Órla Conboy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Benjamin Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Giacomo E. M. Crisenza
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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5
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Suzuki W, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Teranishi T. Dioxygen Activation by Gold(I)-Distorted Porphyrin Dinuclear Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401242. [PMID: 38888030 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between gold-based materials and dioxygen (O2) have motivated researchers to understand reaction mechanisms for O2 activation by homo- and heterogeneous gold catalysts. In this work, gold(I) porphyrin dinuclear complexes were synthesized with a saddle-distorted porphyrin ligand. The gold(I) porphyrin complexes showed unprecedented O2 activation in the presence of protic solvents to form gold(III) tetradentate porphyrin complexes. Mechanistic insights into the O2 activation by the gold(I) center were elucidated by spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations, revealing that dissociation of halides on the gold(I) center by alcohol solvents and hydrogen bonding of an N-H proton in the distorted porphyrin with dioxygen played important roles in establishing the unique reactivities of gold(I) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suzuki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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6
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Lee S, Kang G, Han S. Development of an Easy-To-Handle Redox Active Group for Alcohols: Catalytic Transformation of Tertiary Alcohols to Nitriles. Org Lett 2024; 26:5640-5645. [PMID: 38924766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The generation of radical intermediates via SET-mediated deoxygenation of activated alcohol derivatives is desirable, as alcohols can be utilized in various radical-mediated reactions. Herein, we introduce α-N-phthalimido-oxy isobutyrate (NPIB) as a novel activating group for alcohols. Essentially, it is a more chemically robust alternative to Overman's N-phthalimidoyl oxalate group. The utility of the NPIB group is showcased in the conversion of tertiary alcohols to nitriles under Ir/Cu dual catalysts and in the presence of TMSCN upon blue LED irradiation. With our newly developed NPIB handle, the reactivities of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters derived from carboxylic acids would be achievable with naturally and commercially more abundant alcohol substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyumin Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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7
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Phulwale V, Shet H, Gunturu KC, Rout SR, Dandela R, Adhav S, Kapdi AR. Cu(II)/PTABS-Promoted, Chemoselective Amination of HaloPyrimidines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9243-9254. [PMID: 38878304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemoselective amination is a highly desired synthetic methodology, given its importance as a possible strategy to synthesize various drug molecules and agrochemicals. We, herein, disclose a highly chemoselective Cu(II)-PTABS-promoted amination of pyrimidine structural feature containing different halogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Phulwale
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Harshita Shet
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - Smruti Rekha Rout
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus , Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus , Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Suyog Adhav
- BASF Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., Plot No 12, Thane Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai 400705, India
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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8
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Monteith JJ, Pearson JW, Rousseaux SAL. Photocatalytic O- to S-Rearrangement of Tertiary Cyclopropanols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402912. [PMID: 38418404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of heteroatom-substituted cyclopropane derivatives in drug design and organic synthesis, cyclopropanethiols remain critically underexplored. Inspired by the wide use of the Newman-Kwart rearrangement to access valuable thiophenols from phenol feedstocks, we report the development of a photocatalytic approach for efficient ambient temperature aliphatic O- to S-rearrangement on tertiary cyclopropanol derivatives. After demonstrating that a range of cyclopropanethiols-that are difficult to access by other methods-can be obtained with this strategy, we show that these rearranged products can be easily hydrolyzed and further derivatized. We conclude this study with mechanistic findings that enabled an initial extension of this approach toward other classes of aliphatic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Monteith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - James W Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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9
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Majhi J, Matsuo B, Oh H, Kim S, Sharique M, Molander GA. Photochemical Deoxygenative Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes Promoted by a Nucleophilic Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317190. [PMID: 38109703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The direct utilization of simple and abundant feedstocks in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions to embellish sp3 -enriched chemical space is highly desirable. Herein, we report a novel photochemical deoxygenative hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes with readily available carboxylic acid derivatives. The reaction displays broad functional group tolerance, accommodating carboxylic acid-, alcohol-, ester-, ketone-, amide-, silane-, and boronic ester groups, as well as nitrile-containing substrates. The reaction is operationally simple, mild, and water-tolerant, and can be carried out on multigram-scale, which highlights the utility of the method to prepare value-added compounds in a practical and scalable manner. The synthetic application of the developed method is further exemplified through the synthesis of suberanilic acid, a precursor of vorinostat, a drug used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A novel mechanistic approach was identified using thiol as a nucleophilic catalyst, which forms a key intermediate for this transformation. Furthermore, electrochemical studies, quantum yield, and mechanistic experiments were conducted to support a proposed catalytic cycle for the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bianca Matsuo
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saegun Kim
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Monteith JJ, Rousseaux SAL. Redox-Active Thiocarbonyl Auxiliaries in Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Aliphatic Alcohols. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3581-3594. [PMID: 38047525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe Barton-McCombie deoxygenation reaction first established the use of O-alkyl thiocarbonyl derivatives as powerful redox-active agents for C(sp3)-O reduction. In recent years, first-row transition metals capable of engaging with alkyl radical intermediates generated from O-alkyl thiocarbonyl derivatives using alternative stoichiometric radical precursors have been developed. Given the ability of select Ni catalysts to both participate in single-electron oxidative addition pathways and intercept alkyl radical intermediates, our group has investigated the use of O-alkyl thiocarbonyl derivatives as electrophiles in novel cross-coupling reactions. After describing related work in this area, this Account will first summarize our entry point into this field. Here, we used the cyclopropane ring as a reporter of leaving group reactivity to aid in the design and optimization of a novel redox-active O-thiocarbamate leaving group for C(sp3)-O arylation. Motivation for this pursuit was driven by the propensity of the cyclopropane ring to undergo ring opening under polar (2e) oxidative addition pathways or to be maintained under single-electron (1e) conditions. Using these guiding principles, we developed a method for the deoxygenative arylation of cyclopropanol derivatives using a Ni catalyst without the need for a stoichiometric external reductant or photocatalyst. We next summarize our evaluation of an alternative redox-active O-thiocarbonyl imidazole auxiliary in a related deoxygenative cross-coupling. This work demonstrated an extension of our initial approach to the deoxygenative arylation of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohol derivatives. A brief mechanistic investigation revealed that this reaction likely proceeds via a distinct mechanism involving direct homolytic C(sp3)-O bond cleavage. We conclude this Account with a summary of work aimed toward a unique approach for thiocarboxylic acid derivative synthesis. This project was inspired by the efficiency of thionoester generation under most of the reaction conditions evaluated in our prior investigations. Using alcohol, amine, or thiol starting materials, which were activated with convenient thiocarbonyl sources in a single step, we optimized for a Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling capable of providing access to a range of thionoester, thioamide, or dithioester products. In summary, our work has revealed the potential of redox-active thiocarbonyl auxiliaries in Ni-catalyzed cross-couplings with C(sp3)-O electrophiles. We anticipate that the continued investigation of aliphatic thiocarbonyl derivatives as radical precursors with alternative single-electron inputs will be an area of continued growth in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Monteith
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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11
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Rinu PXT, Philip RM, Anilkumar G. Low-cost transition metal catalysed Negishi coupling: an update. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6438-6455. [PMID: 37522832 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The Negishi coupling is a significant C-C bond-forming reaction to access synthetically valuable organic compounds. In recent years, researchers have developed sustainable first-row transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) based complexes in place of the conventional Pd catalyst for this reaction. Several such low-cost metal-based catalysts showed high efficiency and potential application in natural product synthesis. This review focuses on the recent achievements in low-cost transition metal-based Negishi coupling reactions, covering reports from 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rose Mary Philip
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India.
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India.
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12
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Lee WCC, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang XP. Asymmetric Radical Bicyclization for Stereoselective Construction of Tricyclic Chromanones and Chromanes with Fused Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11622-11632. [PMID: 37129381 PMCID: PMC10249947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric radical bicyclization processes have been developed via metalloradical catalysis (MRC) to stereoselectively construct chiral chromanones and chromanes bearing fused cyclopropanes. Through optimization of a versatile D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin ligand platform, a Co(II)-metalloradical system can homolytically activate both diazomalonates and α-aryldiazomethanes containing different alkene functionalities under mild conditions for effective radical bicyclization, delivering cyclopropane-fused tricyclic chromanones and chromanes, respectively, in high yields with excellent control of both diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. Combined computational and experimental studies, including the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) trapping of key radical intermediates, shed light on the working details of the underlying stepwise radical mechanisms of the Co(II)-catalyzed bicyclization processes. The two catalytic radical processes provide effective synthetic tools for stereoselective construction of valuable cyclopropane-fused chromanones and chromanes with newly generated contiguous stereogenic centers. As a specific demonstration of synthetic application, the Co(II)-catalyzed radical bicyclization has been employed as a key step for the first asymmetric total synthesis of the natural product (+)-Radulanin J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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13
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Gabbey AL, Scotchburn K, Rousseaux SAL. Metal-catalysed C-C bond formation at cyclopropanes. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00499-6. [PMID: 37217564 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are important substructures in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Although traditional methods for their incorporation rely on cyclopropanation of an existing scaffold, the advent of transition-metal catalysis has enabled installation of functionalized cyclopropanes using cross-coupling reactions. The unique bonding and structural properties of cyclopropane render it more easily functionalized in transition-metal-catalysed cross-couplings than other C(sp3) substrates. The cyclopropane coupling partner can participate in polar cross-coupling reactions either as a nucleophile (organometallic reagents) or as an electrophile (cyclopropyl halides). More recently, single-electron transformations featuring cyclopropyl radicals have emerged. This Review will provide an overview of transition-metal-catalysed C-C bond formation reactions at cyclopropane, covering both traditional and current strategies, and the benefits and limitations of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Gabbey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katerina Scotchburn
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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Zhao XH, Meng LL, Liu XT, Shu PF, Yuan C, An XT, Jia TX, Yang QQ, Zhen X, Fan CA. Asymmetric Divergent Synthesis of ent-Kaurane-, ent-Atisane-, ent-Beyerane-, ent-Trachylobane-, and ent-Gibberellane-type Diterpenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:311-321. [PMID: 36538760 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A unified strategy toward asymmetric divergent syntheses of nine C8-ethano-bridged diterpenoids A1-A9 (candol A, powerol, sicanadiol, epi-candol A, atisirene, ent-atisan-16α-ol, 4-decarboxy-4-methyl-GA12, trachinol, and ent-beyerane) has been developed based on late-stage transformations of common synthons having ent-kaurane and ent-trachylobane cores. The expeditious assembly of crucial advanced ent-kaurane- and ent-trachylobane-type building blocks is strategically explored through a regioselective and diastereoselective Fe-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) 6-exo-trig cyclization of the alkene/enone and 3-exo-trig cyclization of the alkene/ketone, showing the multi-reactivity of densely functionalized polycyclic substrates with πC═C and πC═O systems in HAT-initiated reactions. Following the rapid construction of five major structural skeletons (ent-kaurane-, ent-atisane-, ent-beyerane-, ent-trachylobane-, and ent-gibberellane-type), nine C8-ethano-bridged diterpenoids A1-A9 could be accessed in the longest linear 8 to 11 steps starting from readily available chiral γ-cyclogeraniol 1 and known chiral γ-substituted cyclohexenone 2, in which enantioselective total syntheses of candol A (A1, 8 steps), powerol (A2, 9 steps), sicanadiol (A3, 10 steps), epi-candol A (A4, 8 steps), ent-atisan-16α-ol (A6, 11 steps), and trachinol (A8, 10 steps) are achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Le-Le Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xian-Tao An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tian-Xi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi-Qiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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15
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Nguyen TVT, Wodrich MD, Waser J. Substrate-controlled C-H or C-C alkynylation of cyclopropanes: generation of aryl radical cations by direct light activation of hypervalent iodine reagents. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12831-12839. [PMID: 36519037 PMCID: PMC9645386 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first oxidative C-H alkynylation of arylcyclopropanes. Irradiation of ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents with visible light at 440 nm promoted the reaction. By the choice of the aryl group on the cyclopropane, it was possible to completely switch the outcome of the reaction from the alkynylation of the C-H bond to the oxyalkynylation of the C-C bond, which proceeded without the need for a catalyst, in contrast to previous works. The oxyalkynylation could also be extended to aminocyclopropanes as well as styrenes. Computations indicated that the C-H activation became a favoured nearly barrierless process in the presence of two ortho methyl groups on the benzene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin V T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Ch-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Wodrich
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Ch-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Ch-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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16
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Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García‐Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox-Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross-Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205673. [PMID: 35688769 PMCID: PMC9378488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Strained rings are increasingly important for the design of pharmaceutical candidates, but cross-coupling of strained rings remains challenging. An attractive, but underdeveloped, approach to diverse functionalized carbocyclic and heterocyclic frameworks containing all-carbon quaternary centers is the coupling of abundant strained-ring carboxylic acids with abundant aryl halides. Herein we disclose the development of a nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile approach that couples a variety of strained ring N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters, derived from the carboxylic acid in one step, with various aryl and heteroaryl halides under reductive conditions. The chemistry is enabled by the discovery of methods to control NHP ester reactivity, by tuning the solvent or using modified NHP esters, and the discovery that t-Bu BpyCamCN , an L2X ligand, avoids problematic side reactions. This method can be run in flow and in 96-well plates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
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17
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Construction of tetralin and chromane cores by the Lewis acid promoted ring-opening cyclization of cyclopropyl methanesulfonates. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García-Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Daniel John Weix
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry 1101 University Avenue 53706 Madison UNITED STATES
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19
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Kuhn L, Vil' VA, Barsegyan YA, Terent'ev AO, Alabugin IV. Carboxylate as a Non-innocent L-Ligand: Computational and Experimental Search for Metal-Bound Carboxylate Radicals. Org Lett 2022; 24:3817-3822. [PMID: 35609004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that the carboxylate radical acts as an L-ligand with certain high-spin transition metal centers. Such coordination preserves the O-radical character needed for C-H activation via hydrogen atom transfer. Capture of the new C-radical by the metal and subsequent reductive elimination leads to formal C-H acyloxylation. Decarboxylation of the RCO2 radical is minimized through hybridization effects introduced by spiro-cyclopropyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Vera A Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yana A Barsegyan
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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20
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Anwar K, Merkens K, Aguilar Troyano FJ, Gómez-Suárez A. Radical Deoxyfunctionalisation Strategies. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Anwar
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal: Bergische Universitat Wuppertal Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kay Merkens
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal: Bergische Universitat Wuppertal Organic Chemstry GERMANY
| | | | - Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Bergische Universitat Wuppertal Organische Chemie Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal GERMANY
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21
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Sakai HA, MacMillan DWC. Nontraditional Fragment Couplings of Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids: C( sp3)-C( sp3) Cross-Coupling via Radical Sorting. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6185-6192. [PMID: 35353531 PMCID: PMC9676086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alcohols and carboxylic acids are among the most commercially abundant, synthetically versatile, and operationally convenient functional groups in organic chemistry. Under visible light photoredox catalysis, these native synthetic handles readily undergo radical activation, and the resulting open-shell intermediates can subsequently participate in transition metal catalysis. In this report, we describe the C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling of alcohols and carboxylic acids through the dual combination of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated deoxygenation and hypervalent iodine-mediated decarboxylation. This mild and practical Ni-catalyzed radical-coupling protocol was employed to prepare a wide array of alkyl-alkyl cross-coupled products, including highly congested quaternary carbon centers from the corresponding tertiary alcohols or tertiary carboxylic acids. We demonstrate the synthetic applications of this methodology to alcohol C1-alkylation and formal homologation, as well as to the late-stage functionalization of drugs, natural products, and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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22
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Design, synthesis, and applications of stereospecific 1,3-diene carbonyls. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Hou L, Huang W, Wu X, Qu J, Chen Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Cyclopropanol with Benzyl Bromide for Multisubstituted Cyclopentenone Synthesis. Org Lett 2022; 24:2699-2704. [PMID: 35389666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we reported a Ni-catalyzed carbonylation of cyclopropanol with benzyl bromide to afford multisubstituted cyclopentenone under 1 atm of CO. The reaction proceeds through cascade carbonylation of benzyl bromides, followed by generation of nickel homoenolate from cyclopropanols via β-C elimination to afford 1,4-diketones, which undergoes intramolecular Aldol condensation to furnish highly substituted cyclopentenone derivatives in moderate to good yields. The reaction exhibits high functional group tolerance with broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Hou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianqing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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24
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Monteith JJ, Scotchburn K, Mills LR, Rousseaux SAL. Ni-Catalyzed Synthesis of Thiocarboxylic Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:619-624. [PMID: 34978834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling of readily accessible O-alkyl xanthate esters or thiocarbonyl imidazolides and organozinc reagents for the synthesis of thiocarboxylic acid derivatives has been developed. This method benefits from a fast reaction time, mild reaction conditions, and ease of starting material synthesis. The use of transition-metal catalysis to access a diverse range of thiocarbonyl-containing compounds provides a useful complementary approach when compared with previously established methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Monteith
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Katerina Scotchburn
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - L Reginald Mills
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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25
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Abstract
A Negishi cross-coupling of α-hydroxy ester derivatives and arylzinc reagents has been developed. This reaction tolerates both primary and secondary C(sp3)-O alcohol precursors and achieves efficient cross-coupling under Ni catalysis without the need for added external metal reductant, photocatalyst, or additives. The arylation of readily accessible C(sp3)-O electrophiles in this operationally simple, rapid, and mild reaction provides a complementary way of accessing desirable α-aryl ester products.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Monteith
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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26
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Yang S, Jiang WT, Xiao B. Tertiary cyclopropyl carbagermatranes: synthesis and cross-coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8143-8146. [PMID: 34318815 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02930d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The construction of the cyclopropyl quaternary carbon center can afford a series of 1,1-olefin bioisosteres. Here, we report tertiary cyclopropyl carbagermatranes, which can be easily obtained by the zinc-mediated decarboxylation of NHP esters. In addition, they exhibit efficient reactivity in the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and orthogonal reactivity with boron reagents, therefore acting as robust nucleophiles for the synthesis of tertiary cyclopropane and efficient intermediates for the formation of quaternary centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
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27
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Cai A, Yan W, Liu W. Aryl Radical Activation of C-O Bonds: Copper-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Difluoromethylation of Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9952-9960. [PMID: 34180233 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given their ubiquity in natural products and pharmaceuticals, alcohols represent one of the most attractive starting materials for the construction of C-C bonds. We report herein the first catalytic strategy to harness the reactivity of aryl radicals for the activation of C-O bonds in alcohol-derived xanthate esters, allowing for the discovery of the first catalytic deoxygenative difluoromethylation reaction. Under copper-catalyzed conditions, a wide variety of alkyl xanthate esters, readily synthesized from alcohol feedstocks, were activated by catalytically generated aryl radicals and were converted to the alkyl-difluoromethane products via alkyl radical intermediates. This scalable protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, enabling late-stage modification of complex pharmaceutical agents. A one-pot protocol has been developed that allows for the direct use of free alcohols without purification of the xanthate esters. Mechanistic studies are consistent with the hypothesis of aryl radicals being formed and initiating the cleavage of the C-O bonds of xanthate esters, to generate alkyl radicals as the key intermediates. This aryl radical activation approach represents a new strategy for the activation of alcohols as cross-coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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28
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Wu XT, Xiao EK, Ma F, Yin J, Wang J, Chen P, Jiang YJ. Substrate-Controlled Regiodivergent Synthesis of Fluoroacylated Carbazoles via Friedel-Crafts Acylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6734-6743. [PMID: 33852307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A general, efficient, and substrate-controlled regiodivergent trifluoroacetylation of carbazoles has been developed through Friedel-Crafts acylation. This strategy was applicable to a wide scope of readily available substituted carbazoles at air atmosphere without using a metal catalyst, affording the corresponding trifluoroacetylated carbazoles in up to 99% yield. The divergency of the products and the orientation rules have been illustrated based on different substituents on carbazole rings. This method could also be extended to the synthesis of chlorodifluoroacetylated and pentafluoropropionylated carbazoles, which have been achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Tao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Kai Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ma
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yin
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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29
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Wei Y, Ben-Zvi B, Diao T. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aryl C-Glycosides from Glycosyl Esters via C-O Bond Homolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9433-9438. [PMID: 33438338 PMCID: PMC8044010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
C-aryl glycosyl compounds offer better in vivo stability relative to O- and N-glycoside analogues. C-aryl glycosides are extensively investigated as drug candidates and applied to chemical biology studies. Previously, C-aryl glycosides were derived from lactones, glycals, glycosyl stannanes, and halides, via methods displaying various limitations with respect to the scope, functional-group compatibility, and practicality. Challenges remain in the synthesis of C-aryl nucleosides and 2-deoxysugars from easily accessible carbohydrate precursors. Herein, we report a cross-coupling method to prepare C-aryl and heteroaryl glycosides, including nucleosides and 2-deoxysugars, from glycosyl esters and bromoarenes. Activation of the carbohydrate substrates leverages dihydropyridine (DHP) as an activating group followed by decarboxylation to generate a glycosyl radical via C-O bond homolysis. This strategy represents a new means to activate alcohols as a cross-coupling partner. The convenient preparation of glycosyl esters and their stability exemplifies the potential of this method in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wei
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Benjamin Ben-Zvi
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Tianning Diao
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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30
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Wei Y, Ben‐zvi B, Diao T. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aryl
C
‐Glycosides from Glycosyl Esters via C−O Bond Homolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wei
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Benjamin Ben‐zvi
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Tianning Diao
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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31
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Liu ZY, Cook SP. Interrupting the Barton–McCombie Reaction: Aqueous Deoxygenative Trifluoromethylation of O-Alkyl Thiocarbonates. Org Lett 2021; 23:808-813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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32
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Xue W, Jia X, Wang X, Tao X, Yin Z, Gong H. Nickel-catalyzed formation of quaternary carbon centers using tertiary alkyl electrophiles. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4162-4184. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in nickel-catalyzed reactions employing tertiary alkyl electrophiles for the construction of quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Xue
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xianghua Tao
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou 450002
- China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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33
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Wu L, Wei H, Chen J, Zhang W. Development of Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alcohol Derivatives to Construct Carbon-Carbon Bonds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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34
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New visible light organo(metal)-photocatalyzed fluoroalkylsulfanylation (RFS-) and fluoroalkylselenolation (RFSe-) reactions of organic substrates. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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35
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Mills LR, Monteith JJ, Rousseaux SAL. Boronic acid-mediated ring-opening and Ni-catalyzed arylation of 1-arylcyclopropyl tosylates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12538-12541. [PMID: 33030175 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05895e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a protocol for the ring-opening arylation of 1-arylcyclopropyl tosylates, in which boronic acids promote ring-opening and a Ni catalyst facilitates arylation in high regioselectivity. A number of 2-arylated allyl derivatives are synthesized, which are relevant motifs found in biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reginald Mills
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - John J Monteith
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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36
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Rivera RM, Jang Y, Poteat CM, Lindsay VNG. General Synthesis of Cyclopropanols via Organometallic Addition to 1-Sulfonylcyclopropanols as Cyclopropanone Precursors. Org Lett 2020; 22:6510-6515. [PMID: 32806174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The addition of organometallic reagents to ketones constitutes one of the most straightforward synthetic approaches to tertiary alcohols. However, due to the absence of a well-behaved class of cyclopropanone surrogates accessible in enantioenriched form, such a trivial synthetic disconnection has received very little attention in the literature for the formation of tertiary cyclopropanols. In this work, we report a simple and high-yielding synthesis of 1-substituted cyclopropanols via the addition of diverse organometallic reagents to 1-phenylsulfonylcyclopropanols, acting here as in situ precursors of the corresponding cyclopropanones. The transformation is shown to be amenable to sp-, sp2-, or sp3-hybridized organometallic C-nucleophiles under mild conditions, and the use of enantioenriched substrates led to highly diastereoselective additions and the formation of optically active cyclopropanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Machín Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yujin Jang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Christopher M Poteat
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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