1
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Song J, Liu J, Tuo C, Zhang J, Huang S, Lu S, He J, Liao L, Fang Q. Highly Crystalline and Flexible Covalent Organic Frameworks: Advancing Efficient Iodine Adsorption. Chem Asian J 2025; 20:e202401608. [PMID: 39866121 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202401608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 01/26/2025] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
Flexible covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer distinct advantages in elasticity and adaptability over rigid COFs, but these benefits often come at the expense of crystallinity due to challenges in polymerization, complicating both synthesis and structural characterization. Current research primarily employs single flexible monomers, which limits the tunability of these frameworks. In this study, we introduce two highly crystalline, flexible COFs, ZCST-102 and ZCST-103, constructed from dual flexible monomers. These COFs exhibit large channels, permanent porosity, high chemical stability, and exceptional crystallinity, along with enhanced structural flexibility. Notably, they achieve an iodine vapor adsorption capacity of up to 4.71 g ⋅ g-1. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy further elucidate the interactions between iodine and the framework structures. This work emphasizes the value of incorporating flexible building blocks to maintain crystallinity while imparting functional versatility, advancing the design of dynamic porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Song
- School of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519040, P.R. China
| | - Jianchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chao Tuo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519040, P.R. China
| | - Shibin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519040, P.R. China
| | - Shiting Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519040, P.R. China
| | - Juntao He
- School of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519040, P.R. China
| | - Li Liao
- Northeast Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, P.R. China
| | - Qianrong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
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2
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Zhang Z, Lin C, Li J. Utilization of Three-Dimensional Electron Diffraction for Structure Determination of Extra-Large-Pore Zeolites. SMALL METHODS 2025; 9:e2401461. [PMID: 39604326 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of extra-large-pore (ELP) zeolites is crucial for industries of petrochemical catalysis, notably in processes like diesel cracking and hydrocracking of multi-carbon hydrocarbon substrates. The catalytic performance and selectivity of these zeolites depend heavily on their specific porous structures, making precise structure determination highly essential for understanding their properties and functionalities. However, the complex structures of ELP zeolites pose significant challenges for characterization. Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) has emerged as a leading technique for studying zeolites as it does not require large crystals or pure samples. This review provides an overview of the development and application of 3DED for elucidating ELP zeolite structures. It begins with a summary of zeolites and their structural determination methods, followed by a detailed discussion of the principles and benefits of 3DED, the ELP zeolites discovered to date, and the specific applications and findings by 3DED. Additionally, the review anticipates that combining 3DED with other advanced techniques will enhance the understanding of ELP zeolites, including aspects like heteroatom doping, host-guest interactions, framework flexibility, and detailed structural characterization. This integration is expected to lead to innovations in the development and application of ELP zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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3
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Ma T, Fu B, Feng H, Li Y, Zhai Y, Tian Y, Li Z, Su ZM. Porous Aromatic Frameworks Filler with Anion-Constrained Centers in Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025:e202501412. [PMID: 40249110 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202501412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Revised: 03/15/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025]
Abstract
The widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is hindered by their low Li+ conductivity and safety risks posed by the growth of lithium dendrites. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, we designed a cationic porous aromatic framework (PAF-142) and introduced it as a filler into SPEs to obtain a composite polymer electrolyte (CPE), PAF-142-CPE. The cationic imidazolium sites could effectively constrain the movement of anions through electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, the design of the imidazolium-based building units allowed the cationic sites to be located within the framework, which promoted the transport of Li+. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the mechanism by which PAF-142 promoted the dissociation of lithium salts and enhanced Li+ transport. Benefiting from these advantages, the Li+ conductivity of quasi-solid composite polymer electrolyte (QCPE), PAF-142-QCPE reached 8.77 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 20 °C. Additionally, a stable interface with abundant inorganic components was formed between PAF-142-QCPE and the lithium electrode, thus effectively inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites, thereby achieving stable long cycle of the Li//PAF-142-QCPE//Li cell for more than 8500 h. The Li//PAF-142-QCPE//LFP cell demonstrated excellent cycle life exceeding 1400 cycles. This study proposes a promising SPEs performance-enhancing solution, advancing cutting-edge lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Bin Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Hua Feng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Yunxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P.R. China
| | - Zhangnan Li
- Department of Academic Affairs, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
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4
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Yao X, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Jiang W, Chen H, Zeng T, Wei L, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Zhang YB. A Phototautomeric 3D Covalent Organic Framework for Ratiometric Fluorescence Humidity Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:9665-9675. [PMID: 40048296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c17776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Photoinduced proton transfer is an essential photochemical process for designing photocatalysts, white light emitters, bioimaging, and fluorescence sensing materials. However, deliberate control of the excited/ground states and meticulous manipulation of the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) pathway constitute a significant challenge in liquids and dense solids. Here, we present the integration of a hydronaphthoquinone fluorophore into a crystalline, porous, phototautomeric dynamic 3D covalent organic framework (COF) to show guest-induced fluorescence turn-on, emission redshift enhancement, and shortened lifetimes for ratiometric fluorescence humidity sensing. Theoretical and spectroscopic studies provide mechanistic insights into the conformational dynamics, charge transfer coupled with local excitation, and ground-state uphill regulation for the multiple tautomers. We illustrate the sensitive, rapid, steady, and self-calibrated ratiometric fluorescence sensing for a wide range of humidity benefiting from the architectural and chemical robustness and crystallinity of such a phototautomeric 3D COF. These findings provide molecular insights into the design of functional porous materials that integrate host-guest mutual recognition and photoelectronic response for multiplex molecular sensing for environmental monitoring and biomedical diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Youchang Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tengwu Zeng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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5
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Aslam AA, Amjad S, Irshad A, Kokab O, Ullah MS, Farid A, Mehmood RA, Hassan SU, Nazir MS, Ahmed M. From Fundamentals to Synthesis: Covalent Organic Frameworks as Promising Materials for CO 2 Adsorption. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2025; 383:10. [PMID: 39987291 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-025-00494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly crystalline polymers that possess exceptional porosity and surface area, making them a subject of significant research interest. COF materials are synthesized by chemically linking organic molecules in a repetitive arrangement, creating a highly effective porous crystalline structure that adsorbs and retains gases. They are highly effective in removing impurities, such as CO2, because of their desirable characteristics, such as durability, high reactivity, stable porosity, and increased surface area. This study offers a background overview, encompassing a concise discussion of the current issue of excessive carbon emissions, and a synopsis of the materials most frequently used for CO2 collection. This review provides a detailed overview of COF materials, particularly emphasizing their synthesis methods and applications in carbon capture. It presents the latest research findings on COFs synthesized using various covalent bond formation techniques. Moreover, it discusses emerging trends and future prospects in this particular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Ali Aslam
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, 58000, Pakistan.
| | - Sania Amjad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Osama Kokab
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, 58000, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Sana Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Awais Farid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Rana Adeel Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Ul Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, 58000, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan.
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6
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Yao A, Xu H, Shao K, Sun C, Qin C, Wang X, Su Z. Guest-induced structural transformation of single-crystal 3D covalent organic framework at room and high temperatures. Nat Commun 2025; 16:1385. [PMID: 39910128 PMCID: PMC11799138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Soft porous crystals, recognized as the third generation of smart porous materials, can undergo structural deformations in response to external stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, and guest molecules. Currently, the dynamic phase transformations of soft porous crystals are predominantly determined through quantitative modeling based on gas adsorption and powder X-ray diffraction. Herein, we investigate the single-crystal-to-single-crystal structural transformation of covalent organic soft porous crystal modeled on COF-300 and identified nine distinct conformational isomers induced by different guest molecules at room and high temperatures. Notably, COF-300 can maintain its single-crystal structure even at 280 °C and efficiently absorbs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in their molten state. The kinetics of structural transformations among conformational isomers are investigated by combining PXRD and theoretical calculations. The structural transformation from a high-energy state to a low-energy state is a rapid, energetically favorable process, while the reverse transformation is a slow process driven by concentration gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Kuizhan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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7
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Zhang X, Hu J, Liu H, Sun T, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang YB, Huai P, Ma Y, Jiang S. Determining Covalent Organic Framework Structures Using Electron Crystallography and Computational Intelligence. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:1709-1720. [PMID: 39621315 PMCID: PMC11744758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024]
Abstract
The structural characterization of new materials often poses immense challenges, especially when obtaining single-crystal structures is difficult, which is a common difficulty with covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Despite this, understanding the atomic structure is crucial as it provides insights into the arrangement and connectivity of organic building blocks, offering the opportunity to establish the correlation of structure-function relationships and unravel material properties. In this study, we present an approach for determining the structures of COFs, an integration of electron crystallography and computational intelligence (COF+). By applying established chemistry knowledge and employing particle swarm optimization (PSO) for trial structure generation, we overcome existing limitations, thus paving the way for advancements in COF structural determination. We have successfully implemented this technique on four representative COFs, each with unique characteristics. These examples underline the accuracy and efficacy of our approach in addressing the challenges tied to COF structural determination. Furthermore, our approach has revealed new structure candidates with different topologies or interpenetrations that are chemically feasible. This discovery demonstrates the capability of our algorithm in constructing trial COF structures without being influenced by topological factors. Our new approach to COF structure determination represents a significant advancement in the field and opens new avenues for exploring the properties and applications of COF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- School
of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of
High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Junyi Hu
- School
of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of
High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- School
of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of
High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tu Sun
- School
of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of
High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zidi Wang
- School
of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of
High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School
of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of
High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School
of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of
High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ping Huai
- Center
for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School
of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of
High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School
of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of
High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
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8
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Liu S, Wei L, Zeng T, Jiang W, Qiu Y, Yao X, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Zhang YB. Single-Crystal Dynamic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Adaptive Guest Alignments. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:34053-34063. [PMID: 39614830 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic 3D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown a concerted structural transformation upon adaptive guest inclusion. However, the origin of the conformational mobility and the host-guest adaptivity remain conjecture of the pedal motions of revolving imine linkages, often without considering the steric hindrance from the interwoven frameworks. Here, we present atomic-level observation of the rotational and translational dynamics in single-crystal COF-300 upon adaptive guest inclusion of various organic molecules, featuring multiple rotamers of covalent linkages and switchable interframework noncovalent interactions. Specifically, we developed a diffusion gradient transimination protocol to facilitate the growth of COF single crystals, enabling a high-resolution X-ray diffraction structural analysis. We uncovered metastable and low-symmetry intermediate phases from contracted to expanded phases during structural evolution. We identified torsion angles in the terephthalaldehyde diimine motifs that switch from anti-periplanar to syn-periplanar/anticlinal conformations. Moreover, the rotational dynamics of the imine linkage were concurrent with the translational dynamics of tetraphenylmethane units, which tend to form the translational quadruple phenyl embrace. Such conformational mobility allows the frameworks to adapt to various guest molecules, such as alcohols, esters, phenols, and diols, featuring double linear, herringbone, zigzag chains, triple helix, and tubular alignments. Quantitative energy analyses revealed that such dynamic structure transformations are not arbitrary but follow specific pathways that resemble protein folding. The work is paving the way to developing robust, dynamic, and crystalline molecular sponges for studying the condensed structure of liquids without the need for further crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tengwu Zeng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qisheng Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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9
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Sobczak SK, Drwęska J, Gromelska W, Roztocki K, Janiak AM. Multivariate Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2402486. [PMID: 39380355 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Precise control of the void environment, achieved through multiple functional groups and enhanced by structural adaptations to guest molecules, stands at the forefront of scientific inquiry. Flexible multivariate open framework materials (OFMs), including covalent organic frameworks and metal-organic frameworks, meet these criteria and are expected to play a crucial role in gas storage and separation, pollutant removal, and catalysis. Nevertheless, there is a notable lack of critical evaluation of achievements in their chemistry and future prospects for their development or implementation. To provide a comprehensive historical context, the initial discussion explores into the realm of "classical" flexible OFMs, where their origin, various modes of flexibility, similarities to proteins, advanced tuning methods, and recent applications are explored. Subsequently, multivariate flexible materials, the methodologies involved in their synthesis, and horizons of their application are focussed. Furthermore, the reader to the concept of spatial distribution is introduced, providing a brief overview of the latest reports that have contributed to its elucidation. In summary, the critical review not only explores the landscape of multivariate flexible materials but also sheds light on the obstacles that the scientific community must overcome to fully unlock the potential of this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon K Sobczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Joanna Drwęska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Gromelska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Kornel Roztocki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Agnieszka M Janiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
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10
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Hu A, Zhao Y, Hu Q, Chen C, Lu X, Cui S, Liu B. Highly efficient solar steam evaporation via elastic polymer covalent organic frameworks monolith. Nat Commun 2024; 15:9484. [PMID: 39488526 PMCID: PMC11531493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional solar steam evaporators with efficient water purification performance have received increasing attention recently. Herein, elastic polymer covalent organic frameworks (PP-PEG) containing PEG chains with intriguing adaptability to guests are prepared by forming porphyrin rings. PP-PEG foams demonstrate full spectrum absorbance and excellent photothermal conversion properties. Through well-designed thermal management and optimization of the hydrophilicity and PEG chain length, we obtain a highly efficient solar evaporator with an evaporation rate of 4.89 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun in self-contained mode. The optimized solar evaporation rate is increased to 18.88 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun with a facile truncated cone reflector, exceeding all known solar steam evaporators. This innovative design holds immense promise for desalination and water purification owing to its simple preparation, high efficiency and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awei Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Songlin Cui
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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11
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Xie Q, Chen A, Gao Z, Gu S, Wei B, Liang R, Zhang F, Zhao Y, Tang J, Pan C, Yu G. Regulating Conformational Locking in Covalent Organic Framework for Selective and Recyclable Photocatalytic Transformation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2405550. [PMID: 39240003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of new properties and functionality of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) rely mostly on the covalent modification of the starting building blocks or linkages. Noncovalent forces that guide the assembly and adhesion of layers to develop two-dimensional (2D) COFs and improve their bulk properties and functionalities, however, are rarely explored. Herein, the "conformational lock" (CL) effect in 2D hydrazine-linked COFs with intralayer F-H interaction is discovered and regulated to stabilize interlayer adhesion and develop a facile strategy to increase their stability, promote selectivity and efficiency in reactive singlet oxygen (1O2)-triggered photocatalytic transformation when acting as photocatalysts. The CL strategy endows the fluorinated COFs with an efficient intersystem crossing process for 1O2 generation and strong interlayer π-π stacking interaction. The 4F-COF with the strongest F-H noncovalent interaction exhibits the highest photocatalytic conversion and selectivity (exceeding 98%) in typical 1O2-dependent transformations, even over 7 continuous photocatalytic cycles. This work demonstrates that promoting intralayer noncovalent interaction in 2D-COFs can impart high photocatalytic activity and stability, and would vigorously inspire their developments in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujian Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Rongran Liang
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fupeng Zhang
- China Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Juntao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chunyue Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Guipeng Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
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12
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Fan X, Song X, Zhang Y, Li Z. Unveiling the influence of hydrophobicity on inhibiting hydrogen dissociation for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of covalent organic frameworks. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:836-846. [PMID: 38908283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained considerable interest as candidate photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. In this work, we synthesized β-keto-enamine-based COFs (TpPa-X, TpDB, and TpDTP) to explore the relations between structures and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. COFs were divided into two groups: (1) TpPa-X with different substituents attached to the TpPa backbone and (2) COFs featuring diamine linkers of varied lengths (TpDB and TpDTP). Experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that moderate hydrophobicity is favorable for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution process, and acceptable contact angles are anticipated to range from 65° to 80°. Naturally, there are comprehensive factors that affect photocatalytic reactions, and the regulation of different backbones and substituents can considerably affect the performance of COFs for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in terms of electronic structure, specific surface area, surface wettability, carrier separation efficiency, and hydrogen dissociation energy. Results show that TpPa-Cl2 (TpPa-X, X = Cl2) demonstrates the highest photocatalytic activity, approximately 14.51 mmol g-1h-1, with an apparent quantum efficiency of 4.62 % at 420 nm. This work provides guidance for designing efficient COF-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Yangpeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
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13
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Lin C, Ma H, He JR, Xu Q, Song M, Cui CX, Chen Y, Li CX, Jiao M, Zhai L. Flexible Hydrazone-Linked Metal-Covalent Organic Frameworks with Copper Clusters for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2403775. [PMID: 38949055 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite the challenges associated with the synthesis of flexible metal-covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), these offer the unique advantage of maximizing the atomic utilization efficiency. However, the construction of flexible MCOFs with flexible building units or linkages has rarely been reported. In this study, novel flexible MCOFs are constructed using flexible building blocks and copper clusters with hydrazone linkages. The heterometallic frameworks (Cu, Co) are prepared through the hydrazone linkage coordination method and evaluated as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Owing to the spatial separation and functional cooperation of the heterometallic MCOF catalysts, the as-synthesized MCOFs exhibited outstanding catalytic activities with an overpotential of 268.8 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for the OER in 1 M KOH, which is superior to those of the reported covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-based OER catalysts. Theoretical calculations further elucidated the synergistic effect of heterometallic active sites within the linkages and frameworks, contributing to the enhanced OER activity. This study thus introduces a novel approach to the fundamental design of flexible MCOF catalysts for the OER, emphasizing their enhanced atomic utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Huayun Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ru He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Meng Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Mingli Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Zhai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
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14
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Liu X, Zhang G, Al Mohawes KB, Khashab NM. Smart membranes for separation and sensing. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04793a. [PMID: 39483248 PMCID: PMC11523821 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled membranes are extensively applied across various fields due to their non-thermal and low-carbon footprint characteristics. Recently, smart membranes with stimuli responsiveness have garnered significant attention for their ability to alter physical and chemical properties in response to different stimuli, leading to enhanced performance and a wider range of applications compared to traditional membranes. This review highlights the recent advancements in self-assembled smart membranes, beginning with widely used membrane preparation strategies such as interfacial polymerization and blending. Then it delves into the primary types of stimuli-responses, including light, pH, and temperature, illustrated in detail with relevant examples. Additionally, the review explores the latest progress in the use of smart membranes for separation and sensing, addressing the challenges and opportunities in both fields. This review offers new insights into the design of novel smart membrane platforms for sustainable development and provides a broader perspective on their commercial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gengwu Zhang
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khozama Bader Al Mohawes
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU) Riyadh 11671 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Fang J, Yu X, Liu Y, Yusran Y, Wang Y, Valtchev V, Qiu S, Zou B, Fang Q. Piezofluorochromism in Covalent Organic Frameworks: Pressure-Induced Emission Enhancement and Blue-Shifted Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409099. [PMID: 38924238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Achieving enhanced or blue-shifted emission from piezochromic materials remains a major challenge. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising candidates for the development of piezochromic materials owing to their dynamic structures and adjustable optical properties, where the emission behaviors are not solely determined by the functional groups, but are also greatly influenced by the specific geometric arrangement. Nevertheless, this area remains relatively understudied. In this study, a successful synthesis of a series of bicarbazole-based COFs with varying topologies, dimensions, and linkages was conducted, followed by an investigation of their structural and emission properties under hydrostatic pressure generated by a diamond anvil cell. Consequently, these COFs exhibited distinct piezochromic behaviors, particularly a remarkable pressure-induced emission enhancement (PIEE) phenomenon with a 16-fold increase in fluorescence intensity from three-dimensional COFs, surpassing the performance of CPMs and most organic small molecules with PIEE behavior. On the contrary, three two-dimensional COFs with flexible structures exhibited rare blue-shifted emission, whereas the variants with rigid and conjugated structures showed common red-shifted and reduced emission. Mechanism research further revealed that these different piezochromic behaviors were primarily determined by interlayer distance and interaction. This study represents the first systematic exploration of the structures and emission properties of COFs through pressure-treated engineering and provides a new perspective on the design of piezochromic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xihan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yaozu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yusran Yusran
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 6 Marechal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Shilun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qianrong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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16
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Frimpong SO, McLane N, Dietrich M, Bauer GA, Baptiste MR, Dodson LG, Taylor MK. Temperature-dependent structural dynamics in covalent organic frameworks observed by cryogenic infrared spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:22252-22260. [PMID: 39133060 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02338b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the structural dynamics of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in response to external temperature change is necessary for these materials' application at cryogenic temperatures. Herein, we report reversible structural dynamics observed in covalent organic frameworks as the temperature varies from 298 K to 30 K. A series of frameworks (COF-300, COF-300-amine, and COF-V) was studied in situ using a cryogenic infrared spectroscopy system. We observed peak shifts in the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of COFs as temperature cooled to 30 K, and these peak shifts were reversed as temperature returned to 298 K. Comparison of these materials showed different degrees of temperature-dependent change, through the quantitative degree of the peak shift and a qualitative description of which peaks shifted. A general IR peak shift towards a higher frequency as temperature decreased was observed, with COF-300 exhibiting quantitatively larger blue shifts in key vibrational modes as compared with the other frameworks. The nature of the conformational changes giving rise to the IR shifts was studied using quantum-chemistry calculations on model systems. The results of the calculations indicate that key peak shifts arise from a pedal motion experienced by the frameworks during cooling. This understanding of temperature-dependent framework dynamics will enhance the development, selection, and application of covalent organic frameworks at extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas O Frimpong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Nathan McLane
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Matthew Dietrich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Garrison A Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Michael R Baptiste
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Leah G Dodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Mercedes K Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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17
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Kubo H, Konishi S, Oketani R, Hayashi T, Hisaki I. Transition Behaviors of Isostructural Hydrogen-Bonded Frameworks Composed of Naphthalene, Quinoxaline, and Pyrazinopyrazine Derivatives. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401645. [PMID: 38837265 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of isostructural reticular frameworks with systematic differences on chemical structures allows us to disclose correlations between specific structural factors and properties, providing insights for designing novel porous materials. However, even slight differences in the molecular structure often lead to non-isostructural polymorphic frameworks particularly in the case of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) because the structures of HOFs are based on a subtle balance of reversible interactions. In this study, we found that three simple analogues of tetracarboxylic acids with naphthalene, quinoxaline, and pyrazinopyrazine cores (NT, QX, and PP, respectively) yielded isostructural solvated HOFs (NT-1, QX-1, and PP-1, respectively), where hydrogen-bonded sql-networked sheets were slip-stacked with closely similar manners. More importantly, these isostructural HOFs underwent structural transformations in different manners upon removal of the guest solvents. Comparison of the crystal structures of the HOFs before and after the transformation revealed that intermolecular interactions of the core significantly affected on rearrangements of hydrogen bonds in the transformation. The results suggest the potential to control the properties and functions of isostructural HOFs by elements in the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kubo
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryusei Oketani
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
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18
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Auras F, Ascherl L, Bon V, Vornholt SM, Krause S, Döblinger M, Bessinger D, Reuter S, Chapman KW, Kaskel S, Friend RH, Bein T. Dynamic two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1373-1380. [PMID: 38702406 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enable the realization of functional materials with molecular precision. Past research has typically focused on generating rigid frameworks where structural and optoelectronic properties are static. Here we report dynamic two-dimensional (2D) COFs that can open and close their pores upon uptake or removal of guests while retaining their crystalline long-range order. Constructing dynamic, yet crystalline and robust frameworks requires a well-controlled degree of flexibility. We have achieved this through a 'wine rack' design where rigid π-stacked columns of perylene diimides are interconnected by non-stacked, flexible bridges. The resulting COFs show stepwise phase transformations between their respective contracted-pore and open-pore conformations with up to 40% increase in unit-cell volume. This variable geometry provides a handle for introducing stimuli-responsive optoelectronic properties. We illustrate this by demonstrating switchable optical absorption and emission characteristics, which approximate 'null-aggregates' with monomer-like behaviour in the contracted COFs. This work provides a design strategy for dynamic 2D COFs that are potentially useful for realizing stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Auras
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Laura Ascherl
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Simon M Vornholt
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Simon Krause
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Nanochemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Derya Bessinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Reuter
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Karena W Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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19
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Zhuang H, Guo C, Huang J, Wang L, Zheng Z, Wang HN, Chen Y, Lan YQ. Hydrazone-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404941. [PMID: 38743027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Hydrazone-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with structural flexibility, heteroatomic sites, post-modification ability and high hydrolytic stability have attracted great attention from scientific community. Hydrazone-linked COFs, as a subclass of Schiff-base COFs, was firstly reported in 2011 by Yaghi's group and later witnessed prosperous development in various aspects. Their adjustable structures, precise pore channels and plentiful heteroatomic sites of hydrazone-linked structures possess much potential in diverse applications, for example, adsorption/separation, chemical sensing, catalysis and energy storage, etc. Up to date, the systematic reviews about the reported hydrazone-linked COFs are still rare. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize their preparation methods, characteristics and related applications, and discuss the opportunity or challenge of hydrazone-linked COFs. We hope this review could provide new insights about hydrazone-linked COFs for exploring more appealing functions or applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Can Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zixi Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ning Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, P. R. China
| | - Yifa Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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20
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Chen X, Zeng M, Wang T, Ni W, Yang J, Hu N, Zhang T, Yang Z. In Situ Growth of COF/PVA-Carrageenan Hydrogel Using the Impregnation Method for the Purpose of Highly Sensitive Ammonia Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4324. [PMID: 39001103 PMCID: PMC11244185 DOI: 10.3390/s24134324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Flexible ammonia (NH3) gas sensors have gained increasing attention for their potential in medical diagnostics and health monitoring, as they serve as a biomarker for kidney disease. Utilizing the pre-designable and porous properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is an innovative way to address the demand for high-performance NH3 sensing. However, COF particles frequently encounter aggregation, low conductivity, and mechanical rigidity, reducing the effectiveness of portable NH3 detection. To overcome these challenges, we propose a practical approach using polyvinyl alcohol-carrageenan (κPVA) as a template for in the situ growth of two-dimensional COF film and particles to produce a flexible hydrogel gas sensor (COF/κPVA). The synergistic effect of COF and κPVA enhances the gas sensing, water retention, and mechanical properties. The COF/κPVA hydrogel shows a 54.4% response to 1 ppm NH3 with a root mean square error of less than 5% and full recovery compared to the low response and no recovery of bare κPVA. Owing to the dual effects of the COF film and the particles anchoring the water molecules, the COF/κPVA hydrogel remained stable after 70 h in atmospheric conditions, in contrast, the bare κPVA hydrogel was completely dehydrated. Our work might pave the way for highly sensitive hydrogel gas sensors, which have intriguing applications in flexible electronic devices for gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wangze Ni
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nantao Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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21
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Wang Y, Qiao Z, Li H, Zhang R, Xiang Z, Cao D, Wang S. Molecular Engineering for Modulating Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Fully Conjugated 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404726. [PMID: 38622997 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently shown great potential for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Currently almost all reports are focused on two-dimensional (2D) COFs, while the 3D counterparts are rarely explored due to their non-conjugated frameworks derived from the sp3 carbon based tetrahedral building blocks. Here, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of fully conjugated 3D COFs by using the saddle-shaped cyclooctatetrathiophene derivative as the building block. Through molecular engineering strategies, we thoroughly discussed the influences of key factors including the donor-acceptor structure, hydrophilicity, specific surface areas, as well as the conjugated/non-conjugated structures on their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties. The as-synthesized fully conjugated 3D COFs could generate the hydrogen up to 40.36 mmol h-1 g-1. This is the first report on intrinsic metal-free 3D COFs in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution application. Our work provides insight on the structure design of 3D COFs for highly-efficient photocatalysis, and also reveals that the semiconducting fully conjugated 3D COFs could be a useful platform in clear energy-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zelong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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22
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Wang X, Fellowes T, Bahri M, Qu H, Li B, Niu H, Browning ND, Zhang W, Ward JW, Cooper AI. 2D to 3D Reconstruction of Boron-Linked Covalent-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14128-14135. [PMID: 38723144 PMCID: PMC11117181 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The transformation of two-dimensional (2D) covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) into three-dimensions (3D) is synthetically challenging, and it is typically addressed through interlayer cross-linking of alkene or alkyne bonds. Here, we report the first example of the chemical reconstruction of a 2D COF to a 3D COF with a complete lattice rearrangement facilitated by base-triggered boron hybridization. This chemical reconstruction involves the conversion of trigonal boronate ester linkages to tetrahedral anionic spiroborate linkages. This transformation reticulates the coplanar, closely stacked square cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (PcCo) units into a 3D perpendicular arrangement. As a result, the pore size of COFs expands from 2.45 nm for the initial 2D square lattice (sql) to 3.02 nm in the 3D noninterpenetrated network (nbo). Mechanistic studies reveal a base-catalyzed boronate ester protodeboronation pathway for the formation of the spiroborate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Thomas Fellowes
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Mounib Bahri
- Albert
Crewe Centre for Electron Microscopy, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, U.K.
| | - Hang Qu
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Boyu Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Hongjun Niu
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Albert
Crewe Centre for Electron Microscopy, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, U.K.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - John W. Ward
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
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23
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Huang W, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks from Design, Synthesis to Applications in Optoelectronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308019. [PMID: 38057125 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new class of crystalline materials connected by covalent bonds, have been developed rapidly in the past decades. However, the research on COFs is mainly focused on two-dimensional (2D) COFs, and the research on three-dimensional (3D) COFs is still in the initial stage. In 2D COFs, the covalent bonds exist only in the 2D flakes and can form 1D channels, which hinder the charge transport to some extent. In contrast, 3D COFs have a more complex pore structure and thus exhibit higher specific surface area and richer active sites, which greatly enhance the 3D charge carrier transport. Therefore, compared to 2D COFs, 3D COFs have stronger applicability in energy storage and conversion, sensing, and optoelectronics. In this review, it is first introduced the design principles for 3D COFs, and in particular summarize the development of conjugated building blocks in 3D COFs, with a special focus on their application in optoelectronics. Subsequently, the preparation of 3D COF powders and thin films and methods to improve the stability and functionalization of 3D COFs are summarized. Moreover, the applications of 3D COFs in electronics are outlined. Finally, conclusions and future research directions for 3D COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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24
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Guo Z, Zhang Z, Sun J. Topological Analysis and Structural Determination of 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312889. [PMID: 38290005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
3D covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) constitute a new type of crystalline materials that consist of a range of porous structures with numerous applications in the fields of adsorption, separation, and catalysis. However, because of the complexity of the three-periodic net structure, it is desirable to develop a thorough structural comprehension, along with a means to precisely determine the actual structure. Indeed, such advancements would considerably contribute to the rational design and application of 3D COFs. In this review, the reported topologies of 3D COFs are introduced and categorized according to the configurations of their building blocks, and a comprehensive overview of diffraction-based structural determination methods is provided. The current challenges and future prospects for these materials will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi'ang Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zeyue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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25
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Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Yang N, Gui B, Sun J, Wang C. Gas-Triggered Gate-Opening in a Flexible Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38615324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel soft porous crystals (SPCs) that can be transformed from nonporous to porous crystals is significant because of their promising applications in gas storage and separation. Herein, we systematically investigated for the first time the gas-triggered gate-opening behavior of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) with flexible building blocks. FCOF-5, a 3D COF containing C-O single bonds in the backbone, exhibits a unique "S-shaped" isotherm for various gases, such as CO2, C2, and C3 hydrocarbons. According to in situ characterization, FCOF-5 undergoes a pressure-induced closed-to-open structural transition due to the rotation of flexible C-O single bonds in the framework. Furthermore, the gated hysteretic sorption property of FCOF-5 can enable its use as an absorbent for the efficient removal of C3H4 from C3H4/C3H6 mixtures. Therefore, 3D COFs synthesized from flexible building blocks represent a new type of SPC with gate-opening characteristics. This study will strongly inspire us to design other 3D COF-based SPCs for interesting applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Na Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Gui
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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26
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Su LH, Qian HL, Yang C, Wang C, Wang Z, Yan XP. Integrating molecular imprinting into flexible covalent organic frameworks for selective recognition and efficient extraction of aflatoxins. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133755. [PMID: 38359765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising adsorbents for extraction, but their selectivity for molecular recognition remains a challenging issue due to the very limited structural design with rigid structure. Herein, we report an elegant strategy for the design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted flexible COFs (MI-FCOFs) via one-pot reaction between the flexible building block of 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenoxy)- 1,3,5-triazine and linear 4-phenylenediamine for selective extraction of aflatoxins. The flexible chain structure enabled the developed MI-FCOF to adjust the shape and conformation of frameworks to suit the template molecule, giving high selectivity for aflatoxins recognition. Moreover, MI-FCOF with abundant imprinted sites and function groups exhibited an exceptional adsorption capacity of 258.4 mg g-1 for dummy template which is 3 times that of no-imprinted FCOF (NI-FCOF). Coupling MI-FCOF based solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography gave low detection limits of 0.003-0.09 ng mL-1 and good precision with relative standard deviations ≤ 6.7% for the determination of aflatoxins. Recoveries for the spiked rice, corn, wheat and peanut samples were in the range of 85.4%- 105.4%. The high selectivity of the developed MI-FCOF allows matrix-free determination of AFTs in food samples. This work offers a new way to the design of MI-FCOF for selective molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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27
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Li L, Zhao S, Huang H, Dong M, Liang J, Li H, Hao J, Zhao E, Gu X. Advanced Soft Porous Organic Crystal with Multiple Gas-Induced Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformations for Highly Selective Separation of Propylene and Propane. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303057. [PMID: 38098252 PMCID: PMC10916656 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Soft porous organic crystals with stimuli-responsive single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformations are important tools for unraveling their structural transformations at the molecular level, which is of crucial importance for the rapid development of stimuli-responsive systems. Carefully balancing the crystallinity and flexibility of materials is the prerequisite to construct advanced organic crystals with SCSC, which remains challenging. Herein, a squaraine-based soft porous organic crystal (SPOC-SQ) with multiple gas-induced SCSC transformations and temperature-regulated gate-opening adsorption of various C1-C3 hydrocarbons is reported. SPOC-SQ is featured with both crystallinity and flexibility, which enable pertaining the single crystallinity of the purely organic framework during accommodating gas molecules and directly unveiling gas-framework interplays by SCXRD technique. Thanks to the excellent softness of SPOC-SQ crystals, multiple metastable single crystals are obtained after gas removals, which demonstrates a molecular-scale shape-memory effect. Benefiting from the single crystallinity, the molecule-level structural evolutions of the SPOC-SQ crystal framework during gas departure are uncovered. With the unique temperature-dependent gate-opening structural transformations, SPOC-SQ exhibits distinctly different absorption behaviors towards C3 H6 and C3 H8 , and highly efficient and selective separation of C3 H6 /C3 H8 (v/v, 50/50) is achieved at 273 K. Such advanced soft porous organic crystals are of both theoretical values and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringAnalysis and Test CenterBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringAnalysis and Test CenterBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Huiming Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringAnalysis and Test CenterBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Muyao Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringAnalysis and Test CenterBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringAnalysis and Test CenterBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringAnalysis and Test CenterBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Jian Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringAnalysis and Test CenterBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Engui Zhao
- School of ScienceHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhenHIT Campus of University TownShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringAnalysis and Test CenterBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
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28
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Ashirov T, Fritz PW, Yildirim T, Coskun A. Diels-Alder cycloaddition polymerization for porous poly-phenylenes with exceptional gas uptake properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2657-2660. [PMID: 38348903 PMCID: PMC10903296 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous polyphenylenes (2D/3D-pPPs) via the Diels-Alder cycloaddition polymerization reaction. The resulting 2D and 3D-pPPs showed surface areas up to 1553 m2 g-1, pore volumes of 1.45 cm3 g-1 and very high H2 uptake capacities of 7.4 and 7.1 wt% at 77 K, respectively, along with a competitive high-pressure CO2 and CH4 uptake performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Ashirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick W Fritz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Taner Yildirim
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
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29
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Asif M, Kim S, Nguyen TS, Mahmood J, Yavuz CT. Covalent Organic Framework Membranes and Water Treatment. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3567-3584. [PMID: 38300989 PMCID: PMC10870710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of highly porous crystalline organic polymers comprised entirely of organic linkers connected by strong covalent bonds. Due to their excellent physicochemical properties (e.g., ordered structure, porosity, and stability), COFs are considered ideal materials for developing state-of-the-art separation membranes. In fact, significant advances have been made in the last six years regarding the fabrication and functionalization of COF membranes. In particular, COFs have been utilized to obtain thin-film, composite, and mixed matrix membranes that could achieve effective rejection (mostly above 80%) of organic dyes and model organic foulants (e.g., humic acid). COF-based membranes, especially those prepared by embedding into polyamide thin-films, obtained adequate rejection of salts in desalination applications. However, the claims of ordered structure and separation mechanisms remain unclear and debatable. In this perspective, we analyze critically the design and exploitation of COFs for membrane fabrication and their performance in water treatment applications. In addition, technological challenges associated with COF properties, fabrication methods, and treatment efficacy are highlighted to redirect future research efforts in realizing highly selective separation membranes for scale-up and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Bilal Asif
- Oxide
& Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Laboratory,
Chemistry Program, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced
Membranes & Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Science &
Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST
Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seokjin Kim
- Oxide
& Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Laboratory,
Chemistry Program, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced
Membranes & Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Science &
Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST
Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thien S. Nguyen
- Oxide
& Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Laboratory,
Chemistry Program, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced
Membranes & Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Science &
Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST
Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javeed Mahmood
- Oxide
& Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Laboratory,
Chemistry Program, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced
Membranes & Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Science &
Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST
Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cafer T. Yavuz
- Oxide
& Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Laboratory,
Chemistry Program, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced
Membranes & Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Science &
Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST
Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Chen X, Yu C, Yusran Y, Qiu S, Fang Q. Breaking Dynamic Behavior in 3D Covalent Organic Framework with Pre-Locked Linker Strategy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:329. [PMID: 38392702 PMCID: PMC10891907 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to their large surface area and pore volume, three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) have emerged as competitive porous materials. However, structural dynamic behavior, often observed in imine-linked 3D COFs, could potentially unlock their potential application in gas storage. Herein, we showed how a pre-locked linker strategy introduces breaking dynamic behavior in 3D COFs. A predesigned planar linker-based 3,8-diamino-6-phenylphenanthridine (DPP) was prepared to produce non-dynamic 3D JUC-595, as the benzylideneamine moiety in DPP locked the linker flexibility and restricted the molecular bond rotation of the imine linkages. Upon solvent inclusion and release, the PXRD profile of JUC-595 remained intake, while JUC-594 with a flexible benzidine linker experienced crystal transformation due to framework contraction-expansion. As a result, the activated JUC-595 achieved higher surface areas (754 m2 g-1) than that of JUC-594 (548 m2 g-1). Furthermore, improved CO2 and CH4 storages were also seen in JUC-595 compared with JUC-594. Impressively, JUC-595 recorded a high normalized H2 storage capacity that surpassed other reported high-surface area 3D COFs. This works shows important insights on manipulating the structural properties of 3D COF to tune gas storage performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chengyang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yusran Yusran
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shilun Qiu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qianrong Fang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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31
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Zeng T, Ling Y, Jiang W, Yao X, Tao Y, Liu S, Liu H, Yang T, Wen W, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Zhang YB. Atomic observation and structural evolution of covalent organic framework rotamers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320237121. [PMID: 38252821 PMCID: PMC10835055 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320237121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic 3D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown concerted structural transformation and adaptive gas adsorption due to the conformational diversity of organic linkers. However, the isolation and observation of COF rotamers constitute undergoing challenges due to their comparable free energy and subtle rotational energy barrier. Here, we report the atomic-level observation and structural evolution of COF rotamers by cryo-3D electron diffraction and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. Specifically, we optimize the crystallinity and morphology of COF-320 to manifest its coherent dynamic responses upon adaptive inclusion of guest molecules. We observe a significant crystal expansion of 29 vol% upon hydration and a giant swelling with volume change up to 78 vol% upon solvation. We record the structural evolution from a non-porous contracted phase to two narrow-pore intermediate phases and the fully opened expanded phase using n-butane as a stabilizing probe at ambient conditions. We uncover the rotational freedom of biphenylene giving rise to significant conformational changes on the diimine motifs from synclinal to syn-periplanar and anticlinal rotamers. We illustrate the 10-fold increment of pore volumes and 100% enhancement of methane uptake capacity of COF-320 at 100 bar and 298 K. The present findings shed light on the design of smarter organic porous materials to maximize host-guest interaction and boost gas uptake capacity through progressive structural transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengwu Zeng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yang Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yu Tao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Tieying Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
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Wang X, Wada Y, Shimada T, Kosaka A, Adachi K, Hashizume D, Yazawa K, Uekusa H, Shoji Y, Fukushima T, Kawano M, Murakami Y. Triple Isomerism in 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1832-1838. [PMID: 38206810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Isomerism in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has scarcely been known. Here, for the first time we show 3D COFs with three framework isomers or polymorphs constructed from the same building blocks. All isomers were obtained as large (>10 μm) crystals; although their crystal shapes were distinctly different, they showed identical FT-IR and solid-state NMR spectra. Our structural analyses revealed unprecedented triple isomerism in 3D COFs (noninterpenetrated dia, qtz, and 3-fold interpenetrated dia-c3 nets). Furthermore, this Communication reports the first known COF with qtz topology for which the structure determination was based on Rietveld analysis. We achieved triple framework isomerism by reticulating a tetrahedral building block with a flexible junction and a linear building block with PEO side chains and by varying solution compositions. Our energy calculations, along with the discovery of interisomer transition, revealed that the isomer with qtz topology was a kinetic isomer. Thus, this simple yet little-explored concept of reticulating only flexible building blocks is an effective pathway to significantly broaden the diversity of 3D COFs, which have been proposed for a myriad of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuki Wada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Terumasa Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kosaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Adachi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoichi Murakami
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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33
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Wang M, Zeng T, Yu Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Xi H, Zhang YB. Flexibility On-Demand: Multivariate 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1035-1041. [PMID: 38152052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic 3D covalent organic frameworks (dynaCOFs) have shown concerted structural transformation and responses upon adaptive guest adsorption. The multivariate (MTV) strategy incorporating multiple functionalities within a backbone is attractive for tuning the framework flexibility and dynamic responses. However, a major synthetic challenge arises from the different chemical reactivities of linkers usually resulting in phase separation. Here, we report a general synthetic protocol for making 3D MTV-COFs by balancing the linker reactivity and solvent polarity. Specifically, 15 crystalline and phase pure MTV-COF-300 isostructures are constructed by linking a tetrahedral unit with eight ditopic struts carrying various functional groups. We find that the electron-donating groups make the linker reactivity too low to allow the reaction to proceed fully, while the electron-withdrawing groups afford increased reactivity and hardly yield crystalline materials. To overcome the crystallization dilemma, the combination of polar aprotic with nonpolar solvents was used to improve the solubility of oligomers and slow the reaction kinetics in MTV-COF synthesis. We demonstrate the abilities of these MTV-COFs to tune gas dynamic behaviors and the separation of benzene and cyclohexane. These findings reveal the integration of multivariate functionalities into dynaCOFs with on-demand flexibility to achieve dynamic synergism in particular applications, outperforming their pure, monofunctional counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tengwu Zeng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongxia Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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34
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Yang Y, Lin E, Wang S, Wang T, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Single-Crystal One-Dimensional Porous Ladder Covalent Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:782-790. [PMID: 38165084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of single-crystal, one-dimensional (1D) polymers is of great importance but a formidable challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of single-crystal 1D ladder polymers in solution by dynamic covalent chemistry. The three-dimensional electron diffraction technique was used to rigorously solve the structure of the crystalline polymers, unveiling that each polymer chain is connected by double covalent bridges and all polymer chains are packed in a staggered and interlaced manner by π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions, making the crystalline polymers highly robust in both thermal and chemical stability. The synthesized single-crystal polymers possess permanent micropores and can efficiently remove CO2 from the C2H2/CO2 mixture to obtain high-purity C2H2, validated by dynamic breakthrough experiments. This work demonstrates the first example of constructing single-crystal 1D porous ladder polymers with double covalent bridges in solution for efficient C2H2/CO2 separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - En Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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35
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Liu Y, Liu X, Su A, Gong C, Chen S, Xia L, Zhang C, Tao X, Li Y, Li Y, Sun T, Bu M, Shao W, Zhao J, Li X, Peng Y, Guo P, Han Y, Zhu Y. Revolutionizing the structural design and determination of covalent-organic frameworks: principles, methods, and techniques. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:502-544. [PMID: 38099340 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00287j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an important class of crystalline porous materials with designable structures and functions. The interconnected organic monomers, featuring pre-designed symmetries and connectivities, dictate the structures of COFs, endowing them with high thermal and chemical stability, large surface area, and tunable micropores. Furthermore, by utilizing pre-functionalization or post-synthetic functionalization strategies, COFs can acquire multifunctionalities, leading to their versatile applications in gas separation/storage, catalysis, and optoelectronic devices. Our review provides a comprehensive account of the latest advancements in the principles, methods, and techniques for structural design and determination of COFs. These cutting-edge approaches enable the rational design and precise elucidation of COF structures, addressing fundamental physicochemical challenges associated with host-guest interactions, topological transformations, network interpenetration, and defect-mediated catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikuan Liu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaona Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - An Su
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengtao Gong
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shenwei Chen
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liwei Xia
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohuan Tao
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Intelligent Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yonghe Li
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tulai Sun
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengru Bu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Shao
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia Zhao
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongwu Peng
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yu Han
- School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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36
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Wang M, Jin Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y. Single-crystal polymers (SCPs): from 1D to 3D architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8165-8193. [PMID: 37929665 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00553d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal polymers (SCPs) with unambiguous chemical structures at atomic-level resolutions have attracted great attention. Obtaining precise structural information of these materials is critical as it enables a deeper understanding of the potential driving forces for specific packing and long-range order, secondary interactions, and kinetic and thermodynamic factors. Such information can ultimately lead to success in controlling the synthesis or engineering of their crystal structures for targeted applications, which could have far-reaching impact. Successful synthesis of SCPs with atomic level control of the structures, especially for those with 2D and 3D architectures, is rare. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis of SCPs, including 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures. Solution synthesis, topochemical synthesis, and extreme condition synthesis are summarized and compared. Around 70 examples of SCPs with unambiguous structure information are presented, and their synthesis methods and structural analysis are discussed. This review offers critical insights into the structure-property relationships, providing guidance for the future rational design and bottom-up synthesis of a variety of highly ordered polymers with unprecedented functions and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsen Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Zhang S, Lombardo L, Tsujimoto M, Fan Z, Berdichevsky EK, Wei YS, Kageyama K, Nishiyama Y, Horike S. Synthesizing Interpenetrated Triazine-based Covalent Organic Frameworks from CO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312095. [PMID: 37743667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline triazine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are aromatic nitrogen-rich porous materials. COFs typically show high thermal/chemical stability, and are promising for energy applications, but often require harsh synthesis conditions and suffer from low crystallinity. In this work, we propose an environmentally friendly route for the synthesis of crystalline COFs from CO2 molecules as a precursor. The mass ratio of CO2 conversion into COFs formula unit reaches 46.3 %. The synthesis consists of two steps; preparation of 1,4-piperazinedicarboxaldehyde from CO2 and piperazine, and condensation of the dicarboxaldehyde and melamine to construct the framework. The CO2 -derived COF has a 3-fold interpenetrated structure of 2D layers determined by powder X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and select-area electron diffraction. The structure shows a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 945 m2 g-1 and high stability against strong acid (6 M HCl), base (6 M NaOH), and boiling water over 24 hours. Post-modification of the framework with oxone has been demonstrated to modulate hydrophilicity, and it exhibits proton conductivity of 2.5×10-2 S cm-1 at 85 °C, 95 % of relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siquan Zhang
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Loris Lombardo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tsujimoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Zeyu Fan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ellan K Berdichevsky
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yong-Sheng Wei
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kotoha Kageyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Horike
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Wu Z, Feng L, Luo J, Zhao Y, Yu X, Li Y, Wang W, Sui Z, Tian X, Chen Q. Metalation of functionalized benzoquinoline-linked COFs for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and lithium-sulfur batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1466-1475. [PMID: 37481784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
It is worthwhile to explore and develop multifunctional composites with unique advantages for energy conversion and utilization. Post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategies can endow novel properties to already excellent covalent organic frameworks (COFs). In this study, we prepared a range of COF-based composites via a multi-step PSM strategy. COF-Ph-OH was acquired by demethylation between anhydrous BBr3 and - OMe, and then, M@COF-Ph-OH was further obtained by forming the N - M - O structure. COF-Ph-OH exhibited a 2e--dominated oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway with high H2O2 selectivity, while M@COF-Ph-OH exhibited a 4e--dominated ORR pathway with low H2O2 selectivity, which was due to the introduction of a metal salt with a d electron structure that facilitated the acquisition of electrons and changed the adsorption energy of the reaction intermediate (*OOH). It was proven that the d electron structure was effective at regulating the reaction pathway of the electrocatalytic ORR. Moreover, Co@COF-Ph-OH showed better 4e- ORR properties than Fe@COF-Ph-OH and Ni@COF-Ph-OH. In addition, compared with the other sulfur-impregnated COF-based composites examined in this study, S-Co@COF-Ph-OH had a larger initial capacity, a weaker impedance, and a stronger cycling durability in Li-S batteries, which was attributed to the unique porous structure ensuring high sulfur utilization, the loaded cobalt accelerating LiPS electrostatic adsorption and promoting LiPS catalytic conversion, and the benzoquinoline ring structure being ultra-stable. This work offers not only a rational and feasible strategy for the synthesis of multifunctional COF-based composites, but also promotes their application in electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, PR China
| | - Junming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Zhuyin Sui
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Xinlong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
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Yun Q, Ge Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang A, Huang B, Yao Y, Luo Q, Zhai L, Ge J, Peng Y, Gong C, Zhao M, Qin Y, Ma C, Wang G, Wa Q, Zhou X, Li Z, Li S, Zhai W, Yang H, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li L, Ruan X, Wu Y, Chen B, Lu Q, Lai Z, He Q, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang H. Recent Progress on Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
As a key structural parameter, phase depicts the arrangement of atoms in materials. Normally, a nanomaterial exists in its thermodynamically stable crystal phase. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases, which rarely exist in their bulk counterparts, or amorphous phase have been prepared using carefully controlled reaction conditions. Together these methods are beginning to enable phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), i.e., the synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and the transformation between different phases, to obtain desired properties and functions. This Review summarizes the research progress in the field of PEN. First, we present representative strategies for the direct synthesis of unconventional phases and modulation of phase transformation in diverse kinds of nanomaterials. We cover the synthesis of nanomaterials ranging from metal nanostructures such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and Ru, and their alloys; metal oxides, borides, and carbides; to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and 2D layered materials. We review synthesis and growth methods ranging from wet-chemical reduction and seed-mediated epitaxial growth to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high pressure phase transformation, and electron and ion-beam irradiation. After that, we summarize the significant influence of phase on the various properties of unconventional-phase nanomaterials. We also discuss the potential applications of the developed unconventional-phase nanomaterials in different areas including catalysis, electrochemical energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), solar cells, optoelectronics, and sensing. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and future research directions in PEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinxin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengtao Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiting Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yutian Qin
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingbo Wa
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xichen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lujing Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyang Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qipeng Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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40
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Yin Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Gui B, Cai G, Sun J, Wang C. Single-Crystal Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Constructed from 6-Connected Triangular Prism Node. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22329-22334. [PMID: 37792489 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The limited structural diversity of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) greatly restricts their application exploration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to expand their library of molecular building blocks, such as the development of highly connected (>4 reaction sites) polyhedral nodes. Herein, by precisely controlling the precursor conformation, we rationally designed a new 6-connected triangular prism node derived from the triphenylbenzene molecule and further used it to construct a novel 3D COF (3D-TMTAPB-COF) via imine condensation reaction. Surprisingly, without the addition of competing reagents, 3D-TMTAPB-COF crystallized directly into single crystals of ∼15 μm in size and was determined to adopt a rare 6-fold interpenetrated (Class IIIa interpenetration) acs topology. In addition, 3D-TMTAPB-COF showed a high SF6 adsorption capacity (60.9 cm3 g-1) and good SF6/N2 selectivity (335) at 298 K and 1 bar, superior to those of most crystalline porous materials. This work not only confirms the possibility of growing large-size single-crystal 3D COFs formed with strong covalent bonds by a solvothermal method in the absence of modulators, but also reports a novel triangular prism node for future construction of 3D COFs with interesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Gui
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guohong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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41
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Zhu T, Kong Y, Lyu B, Cao L, Shi B, Wang X, Pang X, Fan C, Yang C, Wu H, Jiang Z. 3D covalent organic framework membrane with fast and selective ion transport. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5926. [PMID: 37739946 PMCID: PMC10517170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
3D ionic covalent organic framework (COF) membranes, which are envisioned to be able to break the trade-off between ion conductivity and ion selectivity, are waiting for exploitation. Herein, we report the fabrication of a 3D sulfonic acid-functionalized COF membrane (3D SCOF) for efficient and selective ion transport, using dual acid-mediated interfacial polymerization strategy. The 3D SCOF membranes possess highly interconnected ion transport channels, ultramicroporous pore sizes (0.97 nm), and abundant sulfonate groups (with a high ion exchange capacity of 4.1 mmol g-1), leading to high proton conductivity of 843 mS cm-1 at 90 °C. When utilized in osmotic energy conversion, a high power density of 21.2 W m-2, and a remarkable selectivity of 0.976 and thus an exceptional energy conversion efficiency of 45.3% are simultaneously achieved. This work provides an alternative approach to 3D ionic COF membranes and promotes the applications of 3D COFs in ion transport and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bohui Lyu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Li Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Benbing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiao Pang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chunyang Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.
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42
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Zhou ZB, Sun HH, Qi QY, Zhao X. Gradually Tuning the Flexibility of Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks via Stepwise Structural Transformation and Their Flexibility-Dependent Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305131. [PMID: 37496161 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Flexible covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are intriguing for their dynamic properties distinctive from rigid counterparts but still suffer from limited accessibility. Especially, controlling flexibility of COFs is challenging and the impact of different flexibility on properties of COFs has rarely been unveiled. This article reports stepwise adjustment on flexibility of two-dimensional COFs, which is realized by the designed synthesis of rigid COF (R-COF), semi-flexible COF (SF-COF), and flexible COF (F-COF) through polymerization, linker exchange, and linkage conversion with a newly developed method for reduction of hydrazone, respectively. Significant difference in breathing behavior and self-adaptive capability of the three COFs are uncovered through vapor response and iodine capture experiments. Gas sorption experiments indicate that the porosity of F-COF could switch from "close" state in nitrogen to "open" state in carbon dioxide, which are not observed for R-COF and SF-COF. This study not only develops a strategy to adjust the flexibility of COFs by tuning their linkers and linkages, but also provides a deep insight into the impact of different flexibility on properties of COFs, which lays a foundation for the development of this new class of dynamic porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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43
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Li H, Dilipkumar A, Abubakar S, Zhao D. Covalent organic frameworks for CO 2 capture: from laboratory curiosity to industry implementation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6294-6329. [PMID: 37591809 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00465h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased by about 40% since the 1960s. Among various technologies available for carbon capture, adsorption and membrane processes have been receiving tremendous attention due to their potential to capture CO2 at low costs. The kernel for such processes is the sorbent and membrane materials, and tremendous progress has been made in designing and fabricating novel porous materials for carbon capture. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of porous crystalline materials, are promising sorbents for CO2 capture due to their high surface area, low density, controllable pore size and structure, and preferable stabilities. However, the absence of synergistic developments between materials and engineering processes hinders achieving the qualitative leap for net-zero emissions. Considering the lack of a timely review on the combination of state-of-the-art COFs and engineering processes, in this Tutorial Review, we emphasize the developments of COFs for meeting the challenges of carbon capture and disclose the strategies of fabricating COFs for realizing industrial implementation. Moreover, this review presents a detailed and basic description of the engineering processes and industrial status of carbon capture. It highlights the importance of machine learning in integrating simulations of molecular and engineering levels. We aim to stimulate both academia and industry communities for joined efforts in bringing COFs to practical carbon capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Akhil Dilipkumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Saifudin Abubakar
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd., 1 HarbourFront Place, #06-00 HarbourFront Tower 1, 098633, Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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44
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Sun W, Chen P, Zhang M, Ma JX, Sun J. Locating Hydrogen Positions for COF-300 by Cryo-3D Electron Diffraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305985. [PMID: 37403425 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have wide-ranging applications, and their host-guest interactions play an essential role in the achievement of COF functions. To investigate these host-guest interactions, it is necessary to locate all atoms, especially hydrogen atoms. However, it is difficult to determine the hydrogen atomic positions in COFs because of the complexities in synthesizing high-quality large single crystals. Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) has unique advantages for the structural determination of nanocrystals and identification of light atoms. In this study, it was demonstrated for the first time that the hydrogen atoms of a COF, not only on the framework but also on the guest molecule, can be located by 3D ED using continuous precession electron diffraction tomography (cPEDT) under cryogenic conditions. The host-guest interactions were clarified with the location of the hydrogen atoms. These findings provide novel insights into the investigation of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Pohua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Mingxuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
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45
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Chi H, Liu Y, Li Z, Chen W, He Y. Direct visual observation of pedal motion-dependent flexibility of single covalent organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5061. [PMID: 37604822 PMCID: PMC10442449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been studied for applications containing sorption, selective separation, and catalysis. How to correlate the microscopic structure with flexibility in COFs is a great challenge. Herein, we visually track the flexible deformation behaviors of single COF-300 and COF-300-AR particles in response to solvent vapour guests with dark-field microscopy (DFM) in an in operando manner. COF-300-AR with freely-rotating C-N single bonds are synthesized by the reduction of imine-based COF-300 consisting of rigid C=N double bonds without changing topological structure and crystallinity. Unexpectedly, we observe that the flexible deformation of COF-300 is extremely higher than that of COF-300-AR despite it bears many C-N single bonds, clearly illustrating the apparent flexibility decrease of COF-300 after reduction. The high spatiotemporal resolution of DFM enables the finding of inter-particle variations of the flexibility among COF-300 crystals. Experimental characterizations by variable-temperature X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy as well as theoretical calculations demonstrate that the flexible deformation of COF-300 is ascribed to the pedal motion around rigid C=N double bonds. These observations provide new insights into COF flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Chi
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, P. R. China
- Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, 618000, Deyang, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Li
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, P. R. China
| | - Wanxin Chen
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, P. R. China
| | - Yi He
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, P. R. China.
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46
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Xu Y, Sun T, Zeng T, Zhang X, Yao X, Liu S, Shi Z, Wen W, Zhao Y, Jiang S, Ma Y, Zhang YB. Symmetry-breaking dynamics in a tautomeric 3D covalent organic framework. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4215. [PMID: 37452038 PMCID: PMC10349083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The enolimine-ketoenamine tautomerism has been utilised to construct 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with a higher level of chemical robustness and superior photoelectronic activity. However, it remains challenging to fully control the tautomeric states and correlate their tautomeric structure-photoelectronic properties due to the mobile equilibrium of proton transfer between two other atoms. We show that symmetry-asymmetry tautomerisation from diiminol to iminol/cis-ketoenamine can be stabilised and switched in a crystalline, porous, and dynamic 3D COF (dynaCOF-301) through concerted structural transformation and host-guest interactions upon removal and adaptive inclusion of various guest molecules. Specifically, the tautomeric dynaCOF-301 is constructed by linking the hydroquinone with a tetrahedral building block through imine linkages to form 7-fold interwoven diamondoid networks with 1D channels. Reversible framework deformation and ordering-disordering transition are determined from solvated to activated and hydrated phases, accompanied by solvatochromic and hydrochromic effects useful for rapid, steady, and visual naked-eye chemosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tu Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tengwu Zeng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhaolin Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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47
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Xiao Y, Ling Y, Wang K, Ren S, Ma Y, Li L. Constructing a 3D Covalent Organic Framework from 2D hcb Nets through Inclined Interpenetration. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37338385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) have been of great interest due to their inherent numerous open sites and pore confinement effect. However, it has remained challenging to build 3D frameworks via interdigitation (also known as inclined interpenetration) by generating an entangled network formed by multiple 2D layers inclined with respect to each other. Herein, we report the first case of constructing a 3D COF, termed COF-904, through interdigitating 2D hcb nets, which was formed via [3+2] imine condensation reactions by the use of 1,3,5-triformylbenzene and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine. The single-crystal structure of COF-904 is solved, and the locations of all non-hydrogen atoms are determined by 3D electron diffraction with a resolution up to 0.8 Å. These results not only broaden the strategy for achieving 3D COFs via interdigitation but also demonstrate that structurally complex extended frameworks can arise from simple molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Xiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuixing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Longyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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48
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Kang C, Zhang Z, Kusaka S, Negita K, Usadi AK, Calabro DC, Baugh LS, Wang Y, Zou X, Huang Z, Matsuda R, Zhao D. Covalent organic framework atropisomers with multiple gas-triggered structural flexibilities. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:636-643. [PMID: 37037962 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging crystalline porous polymers, showing great potential for applications but lacking gas-triggered flexibility. Atropisomerism was experimentally discovered in 1922 but has rarely been found in crystals with infinite framework structures. Here we report atropisomerism in COF single crystals. The obtained COF atropisomers, namely COF-320 and COF-320-A, have identical chemical and interpenetrated structures but differ in the spatial arrangement of repeating units. In contrast to the rigid COF-320 structure, its atropisomer (COF-320-A) exhibits unconventional gas sorption behaviours with one or more sorption steps in isotherms at different temperatures. Single-crystal structures determined from continuous rotation electron diffraction and in situ powder X-ray diffraction demonstrate that these adsorption steps originate from internal pore expansion with or without changing the crystal space group. COF-320-A recognizes different gases by expanding its internal pores continuously (crystal-to-amorphous transition) or discontinuously (crystal-to-crystal transition) or having mixed transition styles, distinguishing COF-320-A from existing soft/flexible porous crystals. These findings extend atropisomerism from molecules to crystals and propel COFs into the covalently linked soft porous crystal regime, further advancing applications of soft porous crystals in gas sorption, separation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shinpei Kusaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohei Negita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Adam K Usadi
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ, USA
| | - David C Calabro
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ryotaro Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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49
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Shit A, Singh S, Ibukun OJ, Gumtya M, Haldar D. α,ε-Hybrid Peptide-Stabilized Magnetic Nanoparticle-Coated Paper-Based Actuators. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8712-8721. [PMID: 36910952 PMCID: PMC9996580 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of α,ε-hybrid peptide-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles and their application to fabricate a paper-based actuator has been reported. From single-crystal diffraction analysis, the nitropeptide 2 has an extended structure with a trans geometry. The one-pot in situ multiple oxidation-reduction reaction of a synthetic nitropeptide solution in ammonium hydroxide and FeCl2 leads to the formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The reduction reaction replaces the nitro group with an amine group, which finally acts as capping agent for the stabilization of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Paper-based soft magneto machines with multivariant actuation modes such as contraction-expansion, bending, and uplifting locomotion have been studied. The device has potential as controllable paper-based soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Shit
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Surajit Singh
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Olamilekan Joseph Ibukun
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Milan Gumtya
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Debasish Haldar
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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50
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Chen XJ, Zhang CR, Liu X, Qi JX, Jiang W, Yi SM, Niu CP, Cai YJ, Liang RP, Qiu JD. Flexible three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks for ultra-fast and selective extraction of uranium via hydrophilic engineering. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130442. [PMID: 36436454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been considered challenging to develop ideal adsorbents for efficient and lower adsorption time uranium extraction, especially 3D covalent organic frameworks with interpenetrating topologies and tunable porous structures. Here, a "soft" three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic framework (TAM-DHBD) with a fivefold interpenetrating structure is prepared as a novel porous platform for the efficient extraction of radioactive uranium. The resultant TAM-DHBD appears exceptional crystallinity, prominent porosity and excellent chemical stability. Based on the strong mutual coordination between phenolic-hydroxyl/imine-N on the main chain and uranium, TAM-DHBD can effectively avert the competition of other ions, showing high selectivity for uranium extraction. Impressively, the 3D ultra-hydrophilic transport channels and multi-directional uniform pore structure of TAM-DHBD lay the foundation for the ultra-high-speed diffusion of uranium (the adsorption equilibrium can be reached within 60 min under a high-concentration environment). Furthermore, the utilization of lightweight structure not only increases the adsorption site density, but renders the adsorption process flexible, achieving a breakthrough adsorption capacity of 1263.8 mg g-1. This work not only highlights new opportunities for designing microporous 3D COFs, but paves the way for the practical application of 3D COFs for uranium adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Cheng-Rong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jia-Xin Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shun-Mo Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ru-Ping Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Jian-Ding Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
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