1
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Pickl T, Mollik P, Anneser MR, Sixt F, Geißer K, Storcheva O, Halter DP, Pöthig A. Endohedral Coordination of Bulky Substrates in Metalloenzyme-Like Organometallic Nanotubes. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202500775. [PMID: 40231771 PMCID: PMC12117177 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
Artificial receptors inspired by metalloenzymes share three key properties: a structurally flexible cavity, substrate binding via metal-ligand coordination, and metal-based redox activity. Herein, we report an organometallic nanotube with such features based on our supramolecular pillarplex platform, incorporating eight CuI centers in its cavitand walls. The structurally adaptable cavity of this receptor enables the endohedral coordination of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a hydrophilic model substrate with remarkable binding affinity despite a steric mismatch between the host and guest. Evidence from SC-XRD, 1H NMR titration in aqueous solution, and DFT modelling confirms that metal-ligand coordination governs substrate binding. Electrochemical analysis of a derived rotaxane reveals metal-centered redox activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pickl
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC) & TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichErnst‐Otto‐Fischer Str. 185747GarchingGermany
| | - Patrick Mollik
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC) & TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichErnst‐Otto‐Fischer Str. 185747GarchingGermany
| | - Markus R. Anneser
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC) & TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichErnst‐Otto‐Fischer Str. 185747GarchingGermany
| | - Florian Sixt
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC) & TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichErnst‐Otto‐Fischer Str. 185747GarchingGermany
| | - Korbinian Geißer
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC) & TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichErnst‐Otto‐Fischer Str. 185747GarchingGermany
| | - Oksana Storcheva
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC) & TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichErnst‐Otto‐Fischer Str. 185747GarchingGermany
| | - Dominik P. Halter
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC) & TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichErnst‐Otto‐Fischer Str. 185747GarchingGermany
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical EngineeringResearch Group Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)Faculty of Applied EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1Antwerp2610Belgium
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC) & TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichErnst‐Otto‐Fischer Str. 185747GarchingGermany
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2
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Zhai C, Zulueta EC, Mariscal A, Xu C, Cui Y, Wang X, Wu H, Doan C, Wojtas L, Zhang H, Cai J, Ye L, Wang K, Liu W. From small changes to big gains: pyridinium-based tetralactam macrocycle for enhanced sugar recognition in water. Chem Sci 2024; 15:19588-19598. [PMID: 39568916 PMCID: PMC11575561 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc06190j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex distribution of functional groups in carbohydrates, coupled with their strong solvation in water, makes them challenging targets for synthetic receptors. Despite extensive research into various molecular frameworks, most synthetic carbohydrate receptors have exhibited low affinities, and their interactions with sugars in aqueous environments remain poorly understood. In this work, we present a simple pyridinium-based hydrogen-bonding receptor derived from a subtle structural modification of a well-known tetralactam macrocycle. This small structural change resulted in a dramatic enhancement of glucose binding affinity, increasing from 56 M-1 to 3001 M-1. Remarkably, the performance of our synthetic lectin surpasses that of the natural lectin, concanavalin A, by over fivefold. X-ray crystallography of the macrocycle-glucose complex reveals a distinctive hydrogen bonding pattern, which allows for a larger surface overlap between the receptor and glucose, contributing to the enhanced affinity. Furthermore, this receptor possesses allosteric binding sites, which involve chloride binding and trigger receptor aggregation. This unique allosteric process reveals the critical role of structural flexibility in this hydrogen-bonding receptor for the effective recognition of sugars. We also demonstrate the potential of this synthetic lectin as a highly sensitive glucose sensor in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canjia Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | | | | | - Chengkai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Yunpeng Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Carson Doan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Haixin Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Libin Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
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3
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He J, Bai M, Xiao X, Qiu S, Chen W, Li J, Yu Y, Tian W. Intramolecular Cation-π Interactions Organize Bowl-Shaped, Luminescent Molecular Containers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402697. [PMID: 38433608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Molecules with nonplanar architectures are highly desirable due to their unique topological structures and functions. We report here the synthesis of two molecular containers (1 ⋅ 3Br- and 1 ⋅ 3Cl-), which utilize intramolecular cation-π interactions to enforce macrocylic arrangements and exhibit high binding affinity and luminescent properties. Remarkably, the geometry of the cation-π interaction can be flexibly tailored to achieve a precise ring arrangement, irrespective of the angle of the noncovalent bonds. Additionally, the C-H⋅⋅⋅Br- hydrogen bonds within the container are also conducive to stabilizing the bowl-shaped conformation. These bowl-shaped conformations were confirmed both in solution through NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by X-ray studies. 1 ⋅ 3Br- shows high binding affinity and selectivity: F->Cl-, through C-H⋅⋅⋅X- (X=F, Cl) hydrogen bonds. Additionally, these containers exhibited blue fluorescence in solution and yellow room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in the solid state. Our findings illustrate the utility of cation-π interactions in designing functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University., Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Minggui Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University., Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xuedong Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University., Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University., Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhuo Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University., Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University., Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University., Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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4
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Wang R, Li WB, Deng JY, Han H, Chen FY, Li DY, Jing LB, Song Z, Fu R, Guo DS, Cai K. Adaptive and Ultrahigh-Affinity Recognition in Water by Sulfated Conjugated Corral[5]arene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202317402. [PMID: 38078790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of synthetic receptors with high binding affinities has long been a central focus in supramolecular chemistry, driven by their significant practical relevance in various fields. Despite the numerous synthetic receptors that have been developed, most exhibit binding affinities in the micromolar range or lower. Only a few exceptional receptors achieve binding affinities exceeding 109 M-1 , and their substrate scopes remain rather limited. In this context, we introduce SC[5]A, a conjugated corral-shaped macrocycle functionalized with ten sulfate groups. Owing to its deep one-dimensional confined hydrophobic cavity and multiple sulfate groups, SC[5]A displays an extraordinarily high binding strength of up to 1011 M-1 towards several size-matched, rod-shaped organic dications in water. Besides, its conformation exhibits good adaptability, allowing it to encapsulate a wide range of other guests with diverse molecular sizes, shapes, and functionalities, exhibiting relatively strong affinities (Ka =106 -108 M-1 ). Additionally, we've explored the preliminary application of SC[5]A in alleviating blood coagulation induced by hexadimethrine bromide in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the combination of ultrahigh binding affinities (towards complementary guests) and adaptive recognition capability (towards a wide range of functional guests) of SC[5]A positions it as exceptionally valuable for numerous practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Bo Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Ying Deng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Han
- College of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Dai-Yuan Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Bo Jing
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihang Song
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
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5
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Liu Q, Zuo M, Wang K, Hu XY. A cavitand-based supramolecular artificial light-harvesting system with sequential energy transfer for photocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13707-13710. [PMID: 37905993 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel artificial light-harvesting system, featuring sequential energy transfer processes, has been successfully constructed, which demonstrated white light emission through a precise adjustment of the donor-acceptor ratio. To better mimic natural photosynthesis, the system is employed as a nanoreactor for the photocatalysis of a cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Minzan Zuo
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Kaiya Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Hu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
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6
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Fu R, Zhao QY, Han H, Li WL, Chen FY, Tang C, Zhang W, Guo SD, Li DY, Geng WC, Guo DS, Cai K. A Chiral Emissive Conjugated Macrocycle for High-Affinity and Highly Enantioselective Recognition in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315990. [PMID: 37917047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurately distinguishing between enantiomeric molecules is a fundamental challenge in the field of chemistry. However, there is still significant room for improvement in both the enantiomeric selectivity (KR(S) /KS(R) ) and binding strength of most reported macrocyclic chiral receptors to meet the demands of practical application scenarios. Herein, we synthesized a water-soluble conjugated tubular host-namely, corral[4]BINOL-using a chiral 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) derivative as the repeating unit. The conjugated chiral backbone endows corral[4]BINOL with good fluorescent emission (QY=34 % ) and circularly polarized luminescence (|glum | up to 1.4×10-3 ) in water. Notably, corral[4]BINOL exhibits high recognition affinity up to 8.6×1010 M-1 towards achiral guests in water, and manifested excellent enantioselectivity up to 18.7 towards chiral substrates, both of which represent the highest values observed among chiral macrocycles in aqueous solution. The ultrastrong binding strength, outstanding enantioselectivity, and facile accessibility, together with the superior fluorescent and chiroptical properties, endow corral[4]BINOL with great potential for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wen-Li Li
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Si-Dan Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dai-Yuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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7
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Shi TH, Nagata Y, Akine S, Ohtani S, Kato K, Ogoshi T. A Twisted Chiral Cavitand with 5-Fold Symmetry and Its Length-Selective Binding Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23677-23684. [PMID: 36529936 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Controlling bottom-up syntheses from chiral seeds to construct architectures with specific chiralities is currently challenging. Herein, a twisted chiral cavitand with 5-fold symmetry was constructed by bottom-up synthesis using corannulene as the chiral seed and pillar[5]arene as the chiral wall. After docking between the seed and the wall, their dynamic chiralities (M and P) are fixed. Moreover, the formed hedges also exhibit M and P chirality. Through dynamic covalent bonding, the thermodynamically stable product is obtained selectively as a pair of enantiomers (MMM and PPP), where all three subcomponents, i.e., the corannulene, hedges, and pillar[5]arene, are tilted in the same direction. Furthermore, the twisted cavitand exhibits length-selective binding to alkylene dibromides, with three maximum binding constants being unexpectedly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Hao Shi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- WPI Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI- ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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8
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Pfeuffer‐Rooschüz J, Heim S, Prescimone A, Tiefenbacher K. Megalo-Cavitands: Synthesis of Acridane[4]arenes and Formation of Large, Deep Cavitands for Selective C70 Uptake. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209885. [PMID: 35924716 PMCID: PMC9826223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Deep cavitands, concave molecular containers, represent an important supramolecular host class that has been explored for a variety of applications ranging from sensing, switching, purification and adsorption to catalysis. A major limitation in the field has been the cavitand volume that is restricted by the size of the structural platform utilized (diameter approx. 7 Å). We here report the synthesis of a novel, unprecedentedly large structural platform, named acridane[4]arene (diameter approx. 14 Å), suitable for the construction of cavitands with volumes of up to 814 Å3 . These megalo-cavitands serve as size-selective hosts for fullerenes with mM to sub-μM binding affinity for C60 and C70 . Furthermore, the selective binding of fullerene C70 in the presence of C60 was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salome Heim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichMattenstrasse 264058BaselSwitzerland
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9
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Wang LJ, Bai S, Han YF. Water-Soluble Self-Assembled Cage with Triangular Metal-Metal-Bonded Units Enabling the Sequential Selective Separation of Alkanes and Isomeric Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16191-16198. [PMID: 35972889 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The selective separation of structurally similar aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons is an essential goal in industrial processes. In this study, we report the synthesis of a water-soluble (Tr2M3)4L4 (Tr = cycloheptatrienyl ring; M = metal; L = organosulfur ligand) molecular cage (1) via self-assembly of the water-soluble acceptor tripalladium sandwich species [(Tr2Pd3)(CH3CN)][NO3]2 and the attachment onto L of solubilizing methoxyethoxy appendants to be utilized in an energy-friendly alternative approach to the separation of structurally similar molecules under ambient conditions. Cage 1, comprising a hydrophobic inner cavity, exhibited good solubility and stability in aqueous media. It also demonstrated excellent performance in the sequential separation of alkanes (C6-C9), xylene, and other disubstituted benzene isomers and cis/trans-decalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
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10
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11
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Pfeuffer-Rooschüz J, Heim S, Prescimone A, Tiefenbacher K. Megalo‐Cavitands: Synthesis of Acridane[4]arenes and Formation of Large, Deep Cavitands for Selective C70 Uptake. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salome Heim
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
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12
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Rahman F, Wang R, Zhang H, Brea O, Himo F, Rebek J, Yu Y. Binding and Assembly of a Benzotriazole Cavitand in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205534. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faiz‐Ur Rahman
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Rui Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Hui‐Bin Zhang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Oriana Brea
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Julius Rebek
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
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13
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Hu C, Jochmann T, Chakraborty P, Neumaier M, Levkin PA, Kappes MM, Biedermann F. Further Dimensions for Sensing in Biofluids: Distinguishing Bioorganic Analytes by the Salt-Induced Adaptation of a Cucurbit[7]uril-Based Chemosensor. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13084-13095. [PMID: 35850489 PMCID: PMC9335531 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient binding selectivity of chemosensors often renders biorelevant metabolites indistinguishable by the widely used indicator displacement assay. Array-based chemosensing methods are a common workaround but require additional effort for synthesizing a chemosensor library and setting up a sensing array. Moreover, it can be very challenging to tune the inherent binding preference of macrocyclic systems such as cucurbit[n]urils (CBn) by synthetic means. Using a novel cucurbit[7]uril-dye conjugate that undergoes salt-induced adaptation, we now succeeded in distinguishing 14 bioorganic analytes from each other through the facile stepwise addition of salts. The salt-specific concentration-resolved emission provides additional information about the system at a low synthetic effort. We present a data-driven approach to translate the human-visible curve differences into intuitive pairwise difference measures. Ion mobility experiments combined with density functional theory calculations gave further insights into the binding mechanism and uncovered an unprecedented ternary complex geometry for CB7. TThis work introduces the non-selectively binding, salt-adaptive cucurbit[n]uril system for sensing applications in biofluids such as urine, saliva, and blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Hu
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz-1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Thomas Jochmann
- Department of Computer Science and Automation, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 2, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz-1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Marco Neumaier
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz-1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz-1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz-1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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14
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Zhu Y, Zhao M, Rebek J, Yu Y. Recent Advances in the Applications of Water-soluble Resorcinarene-based Deep Cavitands. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200026. [PMID: 35701378 PMCID: PMC9197774 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We review here the use of container molecules known as cavitands for performing organic reactions in water. Central to these endeavors are binding forces found in water, and among the strongest of these is the hydrophobic effect. We describe how the hydrophobic effect can be used to drive organic molecule guests into the confined space of cavitand hosts. Other forces participating in guest binding include cation-π interactions, chalcogen bonding and even hydrogen bonding to water involved in the host structure. The reactions of guests take advantage of their contortions in the limited space of the cavitands which enhance macrocyclic and site-selective processes. The cavitands are applied to the removal of organic pollutants from water and to the separation of isomeric guests. Progress is described on maneuvering the containers from stoichiometric participation to roles as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Jie Zhu
- Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Ming‐Kai Zhao
- Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Julius Rebek
- Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Yang Yu
- Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
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15
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Rahman FU, Wang R, Zhang HB, Brea O, Himo F, Rebek J, Yu Y. Binding and Assembly of a Benzotriazole Cavitand in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Oriana Brea
- Stockholms Universitet Department of Organic Chemistry SWEDEN
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Stockholms Universitet Department of Organic Chemistry SWEDEN
| | - Julius Rebek
- The Scripps Research Institute Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Yang Yu
- Shanghai University Chemistry 99 Shang-da Road 200444 Shanghai CHINA
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16
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Sainaba AB, Venkateswarulu M, Bhandari P, Arachchige KSA, Clegg JK, Mukherjee PS. An Adaptable Water-Soluble Molecular Boat for Selective Separation of Phenanthrene from Isomeric Anthracene. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7504-7513. [PMID: 35436087 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthracene crude oil is a common source of phenanthrene for its industrial use. The isolation of phenanthrene from this source is a challenging task due to very similar physical properties to its isomer anthracene. We report here a water-soluble Pd(II) molecular boat (MB1) with unusual structural topology that was obtained by assembling a flexible tetrapyridyl donor (L) with a cis-Pd(II) acceptor. The flexible backbone of the boat enabled it to breathe in the presence of a guest optimizing the fit within the cavity. The boat binds phenanthrene more strongly than anthracene, which enabled separation of phenanthrene with an >98% purity from an equimolar mixture of the two isomers using MB1 as an extracting agent. MB1 represents a unique example of a coordination receptor suitable for selective aqueous extraction of phenanthrene from anthracene with reusability of several cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arppitha Baby Sainaba
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mangili Venkateswarulu
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Pallab Bhandari
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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17
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Morie M, Sekiya R, Haino T. Chirality Induction in a Hydrophilic Metallohelicate. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200275. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Morie
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku Chemistry 1-3-1 Kagamiyama 739-8526 Higashi-Hiroshima JAPAN
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku Department of Chemistry 1-3-1 Kagamiyama 739-8526 Higashi-Hiroshima JAPAN
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18
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Metal coordination to a deep cavitand promotes binding selectivities in water. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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