1
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Huang R, Hirschbiegel CM, Lehot V, Liu L, Cicek YA, Rotello VM. Modular Fabrication of Bioorthogonal Nanozymes for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300943. [PMID: 37042795 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of transition metal catalysts (TMCs) into nanoscaffolds generates nanocatalysts that replicate key aspects of enzymatic behavior. The TMCs can access bioorthogonal chemistry unavailable to living systems. These bioorthogonal nanozymes can be employed as in situ "factories" for generating bioactive molecules where needed. The generation of effective bioorthogonal nanozymes requires co-engineering of the TMC and the nanometric scaffold. This review presents an overview of recent advances in the field of bioorthogonal nanozymes, focusing on modular design aspects of both nanomaterial and catalyst and how they synergistically work together for in situ uncaging of imaging and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Cristina-Maria Hirschbiegel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Victor Lehot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yagiz Anil Cicek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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2
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Vo Y, Nothling MD, Raveendran R, Cao C, Stenzel MH. Effects of Drug Conjugation on the Biological Activity of Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:675-689. [PMID: 38266160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The field of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) continues to mature, and an increasing range of reports have emerged that explore the application of these small nanoparticles. A key application for SCNPs is in the field of drug delivery, and recent work suggests that SCNPs can be readily internalized by cells. However, limited attention has been directed to the delivery of small-molecule drugs using SCNPs. Moreover, studies on the physicochemical effects of drug loading on SCNP performance is so far missing, despite the accepted view that such small nanoparticles should be significantly affected by the drug loading content. To address this gap, we prepared a library of SCNPs bearing different amounts of a covalently conjugated therapeutic drug-sulfasalazine (SSZ). We evaluated the impact of the conjugated drug loading on both the synthesis and biological activity of SCNPs on pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1). Our results reveal that covalent drug conjugation to the side chains of the SCNP polymer precursor interferes with chain collapse and cross-linking, which demands optimization of reaction conditions to reach high degrees of cross-linking efficiencies. Small-angle neutron scattering and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (DOSY NMR) analyses reveal that SCNPs with a higher drug loading display larger sizes and looser structures, as well as increased hydrophobicity associated with a higher SSZ content. Increased SSZ loading led to reduced cellular uptake when assessed in vitro, whereby SCNP aggregation on the surface of AsPC-1 cells led to reduced toxicity. This work highlights the effects of drug loading on the drug delivery efficiency and biological behavior of SCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Vo
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mitchell D Nothling
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Radhika Raveendran
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cheng Cao
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Mundsinger K, Izuagbe A, Tuten BT, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Single Chain Nanoparticles in Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311734. [PMID: 37852937 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the last six decades folded polymer chains-so-called Single Chain Nanoparticles (SCNPs)-have evolved from the mere concept of intramolecularly crosslinked polymer chains to tailored nanoreactors, underpinned by a plethora of techniques and chemistries to tailor and analyze their morphology and function. These monomolecular polymer entities hold critical promise in a wide range of applications. Herein, we highlight the exciting progress that has been made in the field of catalytically active SCNPs in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Mundsinger
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Aidan Izuagbe
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bryan T Tuten
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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4
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Huang F, Liu J, Li M, Liu Y. Nanoconstruction on Living Cell Surfaces with Cucurbit[7]uril-Based Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry: Toward Cell-Based Delivery of Bio-Orthogonal Catalytic Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26983-26992. [PMID: 38032103 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Employing living cells as carriers to transport transition metal-based catalysts for target-specific bio-orthogonal catalysis represents a cutting-edge approach in advancing precision biomedical applications. One of the initial hurdles in this endeavor involves effectively attaching the catalysts to the carrier cells while preserving the cells' innate ability to interact with biological systems and maintaining the unaltered catalytic activity. In this study, we have developed an innovative layer-by-layer method that leverages a noncovalent interaction between cucurbit[7]uril and adamantane as the primary driving force for crafting polymeric nanostructures on the surfaces of these carrier cells. The strong binding affinity between the host-guest pair ensures the creation of a durable polymer coating on the cell surfaces. Meanwhile, the layer-by-layer process offers high adaptability, facilitating the efficient loading of bio-orthogonal catalysts onto cell surfaces. Importantly, the polymeric coating shows no discernible impact on the cells' physiological characteristics, including their tropism, migration, and differentiation, while preserving the effectiveness of the bio-orthogonal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiaxiong Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mengru Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yiliu Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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5
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Keum C, Hirschbiegel CM, Chakraborty S, Jin S, Jeong Y, Rotello VM. Biomimetic and bioorthogonal nanozymes for biomedical applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:42. [PMID: 37695365 PMCID: PMC10495311 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes mimic the function of enzymes, which drive essential intracellular chemical reactions that govern biological processes. They efficiently generate or degrade specific biomolecules that can initiate or inhibit biological processes, regulating cellular behaviors. Two approaches for utilizing nanozymes in intracellular chemistry have been reported. Biomimetic catalysis replicates the identical reactions of natural enzymes, and bioorthogonal catalysis enables chemistries inaccessible in cells. Various nanozymes based on nanomaterials and catalytic metals are employed to attain intended specific catalysis in cells either to mimic the enzymatic mechanism and kinetics or expand inaccessible chemistries. Each nanozyme approach has its own intrinsic advantages and limitations, making them complementary for diverse and specific applications. This review summarizes the strategies for intracellular catalysis and applications of biomimetic and bioorthogonal nanozymes, including a discussion of their limitations and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjoon Keum
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cristina-Maria Hirschbiegel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Soham Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Soyeong Jin
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdo Jeong
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Department of HY-KIST Bio-Convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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6
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Wijker S, Palmans ARA. Protein-Inspired Control over Synthetic Polymer Folding for Structured Functional Nanoparticles in Water. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300260. [PMID: 37417828 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The folding of proteins into functional nanoparticles with defined 3D structures has inspired chemists to create simple synthetic systems mimicking protein properties. The folding of polymers into nanoparticles in water proceeds via different strategies, resulting in the global compaction of the polymer chain. Herein, we review the different methods available to control the conformation of synthetic polymers and collapse/fold them into structured, functional nanoparticles, such as hydrophobic collapse, supramolecular self-assembly, and covalent cross-linking. A comparison is made between the design principles of protein folding to synthetic polymer folding and the formation of structured nanocompartments in water, highlighting similarities and differences in design and function. We also focus on the importance of structure for functional stability and diverse applications in complex media and cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wijker
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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7
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Fang Y, Yang Y, Xu R, Liang M, Mou Q, Chen S, Kim J, Jin LY, Lee M, Huang Z. Hierarchical porous photosensitizers with efficient photooxidation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2503. [PMID: 37130853 PMCID: PMC10154327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosensitizers (PSs) with nano- or micro-sized pore provide a great promise in the conversion of light energy into chemical fuel due to the excellent promotion for transporting singlet oxygen (1O2) into active sites. Despite such hollow PSs can be achieved by introducing molecular-level PSs into porous skeleton, however, the catalytic efficiency is far away from imagination because of the problems with pore deformation and blocking. Here, very ordered porous PSs with excellent 1O2 generation are presented from cross-linking of hierarchical porous laminates originated by co-assembly of hydrogen donative PSs and functionalized acceptor. The catalytic performance strongly depends on the preformed porous architectures, which is regulated by special recognition of hydrogen binding. As the increasing of hydrogen acceptor quantities, 2D-organized PSs laminates gradually transform into uniformly perforated porous layers with highly dispersed molecular PSs. The premature termination by porous assembly endows superior activity as well as specific selectivity for the photo-oxidative degradation, which contributes to efficient purification in aryl-bromination without any postprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Fang
- PCFM and LIFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Yuntian Yang
- PCFM and LIFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- PCFM and LIFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Mingyun Liang
- PCFM and LIFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Qi Mou
- PCFM and LIFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Shuixia Chen
- PCFM and LIFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jehan Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Postech, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Long Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China
| | - Myongsoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Zhegang Huang
- PCFM and LIFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China.
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China.
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8
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Hamelmann NM, Paulusse JMJ. Single-chain polymer nanoparticles in biomedical applications. J Control Release 2023; 356:26-42. [PMID: 36804328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) are a well-defined and uniquely sized class of polymer nanoparticles. The advances in polymer science over the past decades have enabled the development of a variety of intramolecular crosslinking systems, leading to particles in the 5-20 nm size regime. Which is aligned with the size regime of proteins and therefore making SCNPs an interesting class of NPs for biomedical applications. The high modularity of SCNP design and the ease of their functionalization have led to growing research interest. In this review, we describe different crosslinking systems, as well as the preparation of functional SCNPs and the variety of biomedical applications that have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Hamelmann
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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9
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Sathyan A, Deng L, Loman T, Palmans AR. Bio-orthogonal catalysis in complex media: Consequences of using polymeric scaffold materials on catalyst stability and activity. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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10
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Yan M, Zhou J. Pillararene-Based Supramolecular Polymers for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031470. [PMID: 36771136 PMCID: PMC9919256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers have attracted considerable interest due to their intriguing features and functions. The dynamic reversibility of noncovalent interactions endows supramolecular polymers with tunable physicochemical properties, self-healing, and externally stimulated responses. Among them, pillararene-based supramolecular polymers show great potential for biomedical applications due to their fascinating host-guest interactions and easy modification. Herein, we summarize the state of the art of pillararene-based supramolecular polymers for cancer therapy and illustrate its developmental trend and future perspective.
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11
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Deng Y, Wu T, Chen X, Chen Y, Fei Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, Xing H, Bai Y. A Membrane-Embedded Macromolecular Catalyst with Substrate Selectivity in Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1262-1272. [PMID: 36525295 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Substrate selectivity is one of the most attractive features of natural enzymes from their "bind-to-catalyze" working flow and is thus a goal for the development of synthetic enzyme mimics that mediate abiotic transformations. However, despite the recent success in the preparation of substrate-selective enzyme mimics based on single-chain nanoparticles, examples extending such selectivity into living systems have been absent. In this article, we report the in cellulo substrate selectivity of an enzyme-mimicking macromolecular catalyst based on a cationic dense-shell nanoparticle (DSNP) scaffold. With a systematic study on DSNP's structure-activity relationship, we demonstrate that the DSNP has excellent membrane affinity that is governed by several contributing factors, namely, charge density, type of charge, and particle size, and the best-performing phosphonium-rich DSNP can be used as a membrane-embedded catalyst (MEC) for efficient on-membrane synthesis. Importantly, the DSNP catalyst retains its selectivity toward lipophilic and anionic substrates when working as an MEC for on-membrane ligation. The usefulness of such substrate selectivity and on-membrane catalysis strategy was exemplified with several molecules of interest with low cell permeability and anionic nature, which were successfully transported into eukaryotic cells by after their formation directly on the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yating Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yugang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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12
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Archontakis E, Deng L, Zijlstra P, Palmans ARA, Albertazzi L. Spectrally PAINTing a Single Chain Polymeric Nanoparticle at Super-Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23698-23707. [PMID: 36516974 PMCID: PMC9801428 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Folding a polymer chain into a well-defined single-chain polymeric nanoparticle (SCPN) is a fascinating approach to obtaining structured and functional nanoparticles. Like all polymeric materials, SCPNs are heterogeneous in their nature due to the polydispersity of their synthesis: the stochastic synthesis of polymer backbone length and stochastic functionalization with hydrophobic and hydrophilic pendant groups make structural diversity inevitable. Therefore, in a single batch of SCPNs, nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties are present, posing a great challenge to their characterization at a single-particle level. The development of techniques that can elucidate differences between SCPNs at a single-particle level is imperative to capture their potential applications in different fields such as catalysis and drug delivery. Here, a Nile Red based spectral point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (NR-sPAINT) super-resolution fluorescence technique was implemented for the study of SCPNs at a single-particle level. This innovative method allowed us to (i) map the small-molecule binding rates on individual SCPNs and (ii) map the polarity of individual SCPNs for the first time. The SCPN designs used here have the same polymeric backbone but differ in the number of hydrophobic groups. The experimental results show notable interparticle differences in the binding rates within the same polymer design. Moreover, a marked polarity shift between the different designs is observed. Interestingly, interparticle polarity heterogeneity was unveiled, as well as an intraparticle diversity, information which has thus far remained hidden by ensemble techniques. The results indicate that the addition of hydrophobic pendant groups is vital to determine binding properties and induces single-particle polarity diversity. Overall, NR-sPAINT represents a powerful approach to quantifying the single-particle polarity of SCPNs and paves the way to relate the structural heterogeneity to functionality at the single-particle level. This provides an important step toward the aim of rationally designing SCPNs for the desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Archontakis
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Linlin Deng
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Zijlstra
- Department
of Applied Physics, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands,
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands,
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands,Nanoscopy
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,
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13
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Eisenreich F, Palmans ARA. Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of (Hetero)Arenes in Water Enabled by Organic Photoredox‐Active Amphiphilic Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201322. [PMID: 35730657 PMCID: PMC9544737 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox‐catalyzed chemical conversions are predominantly operated in organic media to ensure good compatibility between substrates and catalysts. Yet, when conducted in aqueous media, they are an attractive, mild, and green way to introduce functional groups into organic molecules. We here show that trifluoromethyl groups can be readily installed into a broad range of organic compounds by using water as the reaction medium and light as the energy source. To bypass solubility obstacles, we developed robust water‐soluble polymeric nanoparticles that accommodate reagents and photocatalysts within their hydrophobic interior under high local concentrations. By taking advantage of the high excited state reduction potential of N‐phenylphenothiazine (PTH) through UV light illumination, the direct C−H trifluoromethylation of a wide array of small organic molecules is achieved selectively with high substrate conversion. Key to our approach is slowing down the production of CF3 radicals during the chemical process by reducing the catalyst loading as well as the light intensity, thereby improving effectiveness and selectivity of this aqueous photocatalytic method. Furthermore, the catalyst system shows excellent recyclability and can be fueled by sunlight. The method we propose here is versatile, widely applicable, energy efficient, and attractive for late‐stage introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Eisenreich
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands
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14
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Wijker S, Deng L, Eisenreich F, Voets IK, Palmans ARA. En Route to Stabilized Compact Conformations of Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles in Complex Media. Macromolecules 2022; 55:6220-6230. [PMID: 35910311 PMCID: PMC9330768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over the folding pathways of polypeptides using a combination of noncovalent and covalent interactions has evolved into a wide range of functional proteins with a perfectly defined 3D conformation. Inspired hereby, we develop a series of amphiphilic copolymers designed to form compact, stable, and structured single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) of defined size, even in competitive conditions. The SCPNs are formed through a combination of noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions) and covalent intramolecular cross-linking using a light-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition. By comparing different self-assembly pathways of the nanoparticles, we show that, like for proteins in nature, the order of events matters. When covalent cross-links are formed prior to the folding via hydrophobic and supramolecular interactions, larger particles with less structured interiors are formed. In contrast, when the copolymers first fold via hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions into compact conformations, followed by covalent cross-links, good control over the size of the SCPNs and microstructure of the hydrophobic interior is achieved. Such a structured SCPN can stabilize the solvatochromic dye benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-Nile Red via molecular recognition for short periods of time in complex media, while showing slow exchange dynamics with the surrounding complex media at longer time scales. The SCPNs show good biocompatibility with cells and can carry cargo into the lysosomal compartments of the cells. Our study highlights the importance of control over the folding pathway in the design of stable SCPNs, which is an important step forward in their application as noncovalent drug or catalyst carriers in biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wijker
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Linlin Deng
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory
of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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15
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Cao N, Zhao Y, Chen H, Huang J, Yu M, Bao Y, Wang D, Cui S. Poly(ethylene glycol) Becomes a Supra-Polyelectrolyte by Capturing Hydronium Ions in Water. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanpu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yuehua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jinying Huang
- School of Optoelectronic Science, Changchun College of Electronic Technology, Changchun 130114, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shuxun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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16
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Paciolla M, Likos CN, Moreno AJ. Validity of Effective Potentials in Crowded Solutions of Linear and Ring Polymers with Reversible Bonds. Macromolecules 2022; 55:2659-2674. [PMID: 35444345 PMCID: PMC9011144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We perform simulations
to compute the effective potential between
the centers-of-mass of two polymers with reversible bonds. We investigate
the influence of the topology on the potential by employing linear
and ring backbones for the precursor (unbonded) polymer, finding that
it leads to qualitatively different effective potentials. In the linear
and ring cases the potentials can be described by Gaussians and generalized
exponentials, respectively. The interactions are more repulsive for
the ring topology, in analogy with known results in the absence of
bonding. We also investigate the effect of the specific sequence of
the reactive groups along the backbone (periodic or with different
degrees of randomness), establishing that it has a significant impact
on the effective potentials. When the reactive sites of both polymers
are chemically orthogonal so that only intramolecular bonds are possible,
the interactions become more repulsive the closer to periodic the
sequence is. The opposite effect is found if both polymers have the
same types of reactive sites and intermolecular bonds can be formed.
We test the validity of the effective potentials in solution, in a
broad range of concentrations from high dilution to far above the
overlap concentration. For this purpose, we compare simulations of
the effective fluid and test particle route calculations with simulations
of the real all-monomer system. Very good agreement is found for the
reversible linear polymers, indicating that unlike in their nonbonding
counterparts many-body effects are minor even far above the overlap
concentration. The agreement for the reversible rings is less satisfactory,
and at high concentration the real system does not show the clustering
behavior predicted by the effective potential. Results similar to
the former ones are found for the partial self-correlations in ring/linear
mixtures. Finally, we investigate the possibility of creating, at
high concentrations, a gel of two interpenetrated reversible networks.
For this purpose we simulate a 50/50 two-component mixture of reversible
polymers with orthogonal chemistry for the reactive sites, so that
intermolecular bonds are only formed between polymers of the same
component. As predicted by both the theoretical phase diagram and
the simulations of the effective fluid, the two networks in the all-monomer
mixture do not interpenetrate, and phase separation (demixing) is
observed instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Paciolla
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Christos N. Likos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angel J. Moreno
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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17
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Qu R, Suo H, Gu Y, Weng Y, Qin Y. Sidechain Metallopolymers with Precisely Controlled Structures: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061128. [PMID: 35335458 PMCID: PMC8956016 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the cooperative multi-metallic activation in metalloenzyme catalysis, artificial enzymes as multi-metallic catalysts have been developed for improved kinetics and higher selectivity. Previous models about multi-metallic catalysts, such as cross-linked polymer-supported catalysts, failed to precisely control the number and location of their active sites, leading to low activity and selectivity. In recent years, metallopolymers with metals in the sidechain, also named as sidechain metallopolymers (SMPs), have attracted much attention because of their combination of the catalytic, magnetic, and electronic properties of metals with desirable mechanical and processing properties of polymeric backbones. Living and controlled polymerization techniques provide access to SMPs with precisely controlled structures, for example, controlled degree of polymerization (DP) and molecular weight dispersity (Đ), which may have excellent performance as multi-metallic catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions. This review will cover the recent advances about SMPs, especially on their synthesis and application in catalysis. These tailor-made SMPs with metallic catalytic centers can precisely control the number and location of their active sites, exhibiting high catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Q.); (H.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hongyi Suo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Q.); (H.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yanan Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Q.); (H.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yusheng Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Q.); (H.S.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
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18
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Patenaude BF, Berda EB, Pazicni S. Probing secondary coordination sphere interactions within porphyrin-cored polymer nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01005k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A suite of zinc porphyrin-cored polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized to study secondary coordination sphere interactions. We show that with proper design these materials catalyze the reaction of cyanide with N,N-dimethylformamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F. Patenaude
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, 23 Academic Way, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Erik B. Berda
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, 23 Academic Way, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, 23 Academic Way, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Samuel Pazicni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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19
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Xiong TM, Garcia ES, Chen J, Zhu L, Alzona AJ, Zimmerman SC. Enzyme-like catalysis by single chain nanoparticles that use transition metal cofactors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:985-988. [PMID: 34935784 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a modular approach in which a noncovalently cross-linked single chain nanoparticle (SCNP) selectively binds catalyst "cofactors" and substrates to increase both the catalytic activity of a Cu-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction and the Ru-catalyzed cleavage of allylcarbamate groups compared to the free catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao M Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Edzna S Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Lingyang Zhu
- NMR Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA
| | - Ariale J Alzona
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Steven C Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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20
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Fedeli S, Im J, Gopalakrishnan S, Elia JL, Gupta A, Kim D, Rotello VM. Nanomaterial-based bioorthogonal nanozymes for biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13467-13480. [PMID: 34787131 PMCID: PMC8862209 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal transformations are chemical reactions that use pathways which biological processes do not access. Bioorthogonal chemistry provides new approaches for imaging and therapeutic strategies, as well as tools for fundamental biology. Bioorthogonal catalysis enables the development of bioorthogonal "factories" for on-demand and in situ generation of drugs and imaging tools. Transition metal catalysts (TMCs) are widely employed as bioorthogonal catalysts due to their high efficiency and versatility. The direct application of TMCs in living systems is challenging, however, due to their limited solubility, instability in biological media and toxicity. Incorporation of TMCs into nanomaterial scaffolds can be used to enhance aqueous solubility, improve long-term stability in biological environment and minimize cytotoxicity. These nanomaterial platforms can be engineered for biomedical applications, increasing cellular uptake, directing biodistribution, and enabling active targeting. This review summarizes strategies for incorporating TMCs into nanomaterial scaffolds, demonstrating the potential and challenges of moving bioorthogonal nanocatalysts and nanozymes toward the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jungkyun Im
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States,Department of Chemical Engineering, 22 Soonchunhyangro, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea,Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, 22 Soonchunhyangro, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James L. Elia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Aarohi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Dongkap Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States,Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea,Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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21
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Sarkar R, Mishra K, Das PK, Ramakrishnan S. Probing Polymer Chain Folding in Solution Using Second Harmonic Light Scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12457-12465. [PMID: 34641685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodically grafted amphiphilic copolymers (PGACs) were earlier shown by us to adopt a zigzag folded conformation in the solid state, which enabled the backbone and pendant segments to segregate and occupy alternate layers in a lamellar structure. The conformational transition from a random coil to a zigzag folded chain in solution is an interesting problem, which is largely unexplored. To examine this, an orthogonally clickable parent polyester was sequentially clicked with two types of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments: one is a simple PEG and the other is a PEG that carries a dipolar chromophore. These two hydrophilic PEG segments, installed in a periodic and alternating fashion along the hydrocarbon-rich (HC) polyester backbone, ensure that the Janus folded chains are formed upon folding and carry chromophoric dipoles oriented along the same direction, thereby generating a large net dipole. The folding-induced alignment of chromophores in solution was followed using second harmonic light scattering (SHLS), wherein the intensity of the frequency-doubled scattered light (I2ω) is measured. Folding was induced by adding a polar solvent, like methanol, to a chloroform solution of the polymer; methanol desolvates the HC backbone but solubilizes the pendant PEG segments, thus inducing folding. The second harmonic intensity (I2ω) increased initially with methanol concentration and then saturated; in contrast, I2ω remained invariant with the solvent composition in the case of an analogous model chromophore. Furthermore, in a model PGAC carrying chromophore-bearing PEG segments on every repeat unit, I2ω decreased with increasing methanol composition, revealing the formation of a centrosymmetric folded chain, wherein the chromophoric dipoles on either side cancel each other. Thus, this study clearly reveals that the zigzag chain folding of PGACs can be induced by a segment-selective solvent, resulting in the rather elusive directional ordering of chromophoric dipoles in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Sarkar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kamini Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Puspendu Kumar Das
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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22
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Eisenreich F, Kuster THR, van Krimpen D, Palmans ARA. Photoredox-Catalyzed Reduction of Halogenated Arenes in Water by Amphiphilic Polymeric Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:5882. [PMID: 34641426 PMCID: PMC8512223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of organic photoredox catalysts provides new ways to perform metal-free reactions controlled by light. While these reactions are usually performed in organic media, the application of these catalysts at ambient temperatures in aqueous media is of considerable interest. We here compare the activity of two established organic photoredox catalysts, one based on 10-phenylphenothiazine (PTH) and one based on an acridinium dye (ACR), in the light-activated dehalogenation of aromatic halides in pure water. Both PTH and ACR were covalently attached to amphiphilic polymers that are designed to form polymeric nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameter DH ranging between 5 and 11 nm in aqueous solution. Due to the hydrophobic side groups that furnish the interior of these nanoparticles after hydrophobic collapse, water-insoluble reagents can gather within the nanoparticles at high local catalyst and substrate concentrations. We evaluated six different amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles to assess the effect of polymer length, catalyst loading and nature of the catalyst (PTH or ACR) in the dechlorination of a range of aromatic chlorides. In addition, we investigate the selectivity of both catalysts for reducing different types of aryl-halogen bonds present in one molecule, as well as the activity of the catalysts for C-C cross-coupling reactions. We find that all polymer-based catalysts show high activity for the reduction of electron-poor aromatic compounds. For electron-rich compounds, the ACR-based catalyst is more effective than PTH. In the selective dehalogenation reactions, the order of bond stability is C-Cl > C-Br > C-I irrespective of the catalyst applied. All in all, both water-compatible systems show good activity in water, with ACR-based catalysts being slightly more efficient for more resilient substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (F.E.); (T.H.R.K.); (D.v.K.)
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23
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Nam J, Kwon S, Yu YG, Seo HB, Lee JS, Lee WB, Kim Y, Seo M. Folding of Sequence-Controlled Graft Copolymers to Subdomain-Defined Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Guen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - YongJoo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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24
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Roos AH, Hoffmann JF, Binder WH, Hinderberger D. Nanoscale structure and dynamics of thermoresponsive single-chain nanoparticles investigated by EPR spectroscopy. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7032-7037. [PMID: 34251013 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00582k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We characterize temperature-dependent macroscopic and nanoscopic phase transitions and nanoscopic pre-transitions of water-soluble single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). The studied SCNPs are based on polymers displaying lower-critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior and show nanoscale compartmentation. SCNPs are amenable to continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectroscopy to study how amphiphilic, non-covalently added nitroxide spin probes or covalently attached spin labels sample their environment concerning nanoscale structures (polarity, hydrophilicity/-phobicity) and dynamics. These SCNPs are formed through single-chain collapse and have been shown to have nanosized compartments that are rigidified during the crosslinking process. We analyze the temperature-dependent phase transitions of spin-labeled SCNPs by rigorous spectral simulations of a series of multicomponent EPR-spectra that derive from the nanoinhomogeneities (1) that are due to the single-chain compartmentation in SCNPs and (2) the transformation upon temperature change due to the LCST behavior. These transitions of the SCNPs and their respective polymer precursors can be monitored and understood on the nanoscale by following EPR-spectroscopic parameters like hyperfine couplings that depend on the surrounding solvent molecules or Heisenberg spin exchange between small molecule spin probes or covalently attached spin labels in the nanocompartments. In particular, for one SCNP, we find an interesting behavior that we ascribe to the properties of the nanosized inner core with continuous effects before and jump-like changes after the macroscopic thermal collapse, indicating highly efficient desolvation and compaction upon an increase in temperature and aggregation of individual nanoparticles above the collapse temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Roos
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Justus F Hoffmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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25
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Formanek M, Rovigatti L, Zaccarelli E, Sciortino F, Moreno AJ. Gel Formation in Reversibly Cross-Linking Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Formanek
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, CB2 1LR Cambridge, U.K
| | - Lorenzo Rovigatti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, IT-00185 Roma, Italy
- CNR-ISC Uos Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, IT-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, IT-00185 Roma, Italy
- CNR-ISC Uos Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, IT-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, IT-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Angel J. Moreno
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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26
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Wang C, Weck M. Intramolecular Folding of Coil-Helix Block Copolymers Induced by Quadrupole Interactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100368. [PMID: 34242455 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
True tertiary architectures with defined local secondary structures are rare in synthetic systems. Adapting well-developed synthetic building blocks and controlling their folding through diverse interactions can be a general approach toward this goal. In this contribution, the synthesis of 3D hierarchical assemblies with distinct secondary domains formed through the intramolecular folding of a block copolymer containing a coil-like poly(styrene) (PS) block with a helical poly(isocyanide) block induced by phenyl-pentafluorophenyl quadrupole interactions is reported. The PS block is prepared via atom-transfer radical polymerization and end functionalized with a nickel complex that serves as a macroinitiator for the polymerization of chiral isocyanides bearing pentafluorophenyl pendants. The folding behavior of the coil-helix block copolymers is investigated by dynamic light scattering, NMR spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Wang
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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27
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Polymer cyclization for the emergence of hierarchical nanostructures. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3959. [PMID: 34172744 PMCID: PMC8233313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The creation of synthetic polymer nanoobjects with well-defined hierarchical structures is important for a wide range of applications such as nanomaterial synthesis, catalysis, and therapeutics. Inspired by the programmability and precise three-dimensional architectures of biomolecules, here we demonstrate the strategy of fabricating controlled hierarchical structures through self-assembly of folded synthetic polymers. Linear poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) of different lengths are folded into cyclic polymers and their self-assembly into hierarchical structures is elucidated by various experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. Based on their structural similarity, macrocyclic brush polymers with amphiphilic block side chains are synthesized, which can self-assemble into wormlike and higher-ordered structures. Our work points out the vital role of polymer folding in macromolecular self-assembly and establishes a versatile approach for constructing biomimetic hierarchical assemblies. Synthetic polymer nano-objects with well-defined hierarchical structures are important for a wide range of applications such as nanomaterial synthesis, catalysis, and therapeutics. Here the authors demonstrate the strategy of fabricating controlled hierarchical structures through self-assembly of folded synthetic polymers.
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28
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Alqarni MAM, Waldron C, Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Synthetic Routes to Single Chain Polymer Nanoparticles (SCNPs): Current Status and Perspectives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100035. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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29
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Hoffmann JF, Roos AH, Schmitt FJ, Hinderberger D, Binder WH. Fluorescent and Water Dispersible Single-Chain Nanoparticles: Core-Shell Structured Compartmentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7820-7827. [PMID: 33373475 PMCID: PMC8048794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are highly versatile structures resembling proteins, able to function as catalysts or biomedical delivery systems. Based on their synthesis by single-chain collapse into nanoparticular systems, their internal structure is complex, resulting in nanosized domains preformed during the crosslinking process. In this study we present proof of such nanocompartments within SCNPs via a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. A novel strategy to encapsulate labels within these water dispersible SCNPs with hydrodynamic radii of ≈5 nm is presented, based on amphiphilic polymers with additional covalently bound labels, attached via the copper catalyzed azide/alkyne "click" reaction (CuAAC). A detailed profile of the interior of the SCNPs and the labels' microenvironment was obtained via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, followed by an assessment of their photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus F Hoffmann
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas H Roos
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
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30
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Hoffmann JF, Roos AH, Schmitt F, Hinderberger D, Binder WH. Fluorescent and Water Dispersible Single‐Chain Nanoparticles: Core–Shell Structured Compartmentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justus F. Hoffmann
- Macromolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Andreas H. Roos
- Physical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Franz‐Josef Schmitt
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 3 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Physical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle Germany
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31
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Jimaja S, Xie Y, Foster JC, Taton D, Dove AP, O'Reilly RK. Functional nanostructures by NiCCo-PISA of helical poly(aryl isocyanide) copolymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-catalysed coordination polymerisation-induced self-assembly (NiCCo-PISA) as a straightforward and versatile methodology to achieve functional helix-containing polymeric nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sètuhn Jimaja
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
- School of Chemistry
| | - Yujie Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
- School of Chemistry
| | | | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- Université de Bordeaux/CNRS École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie
- de Biologie & de Physique
- 33607 Cedex Pessac
- France
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of Chemistry
- University of Birmingham
- Edgbaston B15 2TT
- UK
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32
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Wen W, Chen A. Influence of single chain nanoparticle stabilizers on polymerization induced hierarchical self-assembly. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecularly folded single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with steric character are used as stabilizers to construct a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) formulation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
| | - Aihua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering
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33
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Garcia ES, Xiong TM, Lifschitz A, Zimmerman SC. Tandem catalysis using an enzyme and a polymeric ruthenium-based artificial metalloenzyme. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01255j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Ru-containing single-chain nanoparticle (SCNP) performs allylcarbamate cleavage reactions in biologically relevant environments more efficiently than free catalyst and works in synergy with a natural enzyme to perform tandem catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edzna S. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Thao M. Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Abygail Lifschitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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34
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Wei L, Han ST, Jin TT, Zhan TG, Liu LJ, Cui J, Zhang KD. Towards photoswitchable quadruple hydrogen bonds via a reversible "photolocking" strategy for photocontrolled self-assembly. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1762-1771. [PMID: 34163937 PMCID: PMC8179285 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new photoswitchable noncovalent interaction motifs with controllable bonding affinity is crucial for the construction of photoresponsive supramolecular systems and materials. Here we describe a unique "photolocking" strategy for realizing photoswitchable control of quadruple hydrogen-bonding interactions on the basis of modifying the ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) module with an ortho-ester substituted azobenzene unit as the "photo-lock". Upon light irradiation, the obtained Azo-UPy motif is capable of unlocking/locking the partial H-bonding sites of the UPy unit, leading to photoswitching between homo- and heteroquadruple hydrogen-bonded dimers, which has been further applied for the fabrication of novel tunable hydrogen bonded supramolecular systems. This "photolocking" strategy appears to be broadly applicable in the rational design and construction of other H-bonding motifs with sufficiently photoswitchable noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Shi-Tao Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Ting-Ting Jin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Tian-Guang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Jiecheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Kang-Da Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
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35
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Collot M, Schild J, Fam KT, Bouchaala R, Klymchenko AS. Stealth and Bright Monomolecular Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles Based on Folded Amphiphilic Polymer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13924-13937. [PMID: 33022173 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs), owing to their superior brightness, are an attractive alternative to organic dyes. However, their cellular applications remain limited because of their large size, poor homogeneity, and nonspecific interactions in biological media. Herein, we propose a concept of monomolecular fluorescent organic nanoparticles of high brightness and very small size (10-14 nm) built of a single amphiphilic polymer bearing specially designed fluorescent dyes. We found that high PEGylation of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene (PMAO) favors a single-chain polymer folding into monomolecular stealth NPs with highly reduced nonspecific interactions with proteins and live cells. To ensure high stability of our NPs, the fluorophores (BODIPYs) are covalently linked to the polymer through an optimized linker. Among tested linkers of different lengths and polarity, a short medium-polar linker favoring location of the dyes at NPs interface ensures good fluorescence quantum yield and small particle size. The fluorescence brightness of these NPs has been dramatically enhanced by increasing the bulkiness of the BODIPY dyes that prevents their H-aggregation, reaching 2500000 M-1 cm-1 (extinction coefficient × quantum yield). Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the single-particle brightness of these NPs is ∼5-fold higher than that of QDot-585 using the same excitation wavelength (532 nm). Finally, when microinjected inside cells, these small and stealth NPs (10 nm diameter) distribute more evenly than 20 nm QDots inside the cytosol, showing similar spreading as a fluorescent protein. Thus, the developed monomolecular NPs, owing to their small size and stealth properties, are artificial analogues of fluorescent proteins, surpassing the latter >50-fold in terms of brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Jérémy Schild
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Kyong T Fam
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Redouane Bouchaala
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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36
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Zeng R, Chen L, Yan Q. CO 2 -Folded Single-Chain Nanoparticles as Recyclable, Improved Carboxylase Mimics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18418-18422. [PMID: 32691516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emulating the function of natural carboxylases to convert CO2 under atmospheric condition is a great challenge. Herein we report a class of CO2 -folded single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) that can function as recyclable, function-intensified carboxylase mimics. Lewis pair polymers containing bulky Lewis acidic and basic groups as the precursor, can bind CO2 to drive an intramolecular folding into SCNPs, in which CO2 as the folded nodes can form gas-bridged bonds. Such bridging linkages highly activate CO2 , which endows the SCNPs with extraordinary catalytic ability that can not only catalyze CO2 -insertion of C(sp3 )-H for imitating the natural enzyme's function, it can also act on non-natural carboxylation pathways for C(sp2 and sp)-H substrates. The nanocatalysts are of highly catalytic efficiency and recyclability, and can work at room temperature and near ambient CO2 condition, inspiring a new approach to sustainable C1 utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Zeng
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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37
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Zeng R, Chen L, Yan Q. CO
2
‐Folded Single‐Chain Nanoparticles as Recyclable, Improved Carboxylase Mimics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Zeng
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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38
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Knöfel ND, Rothfuss H, Tzvetkova P, Kulendran B, Barner-Kowollik C, Roesky PW. Heterobimetallic Eu(iii)/Pt(ii) single-chain nanoparticles: a path to enlighten catalytic reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10331-10336. [PMID: 34094295 PMCID: PMC8162431 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03579c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the formation and characterization of heterometallic single-chain nanoparticles entailing both catalytic and luminescent properties. A terpolymer containing two divergent ligand moieties, phosphines and phosphine oxides, is synthesized and intramolecularly folded into nanoparticles via a selective metal complexation of Pt(ii) and Eu(iii). The formation of heterometallic Eu(iii)/Pt(ii) nanoparticles is evidenced by size exclusion chromatography, multinuclear NMR (1H, 31P{1H}, 19F, 195Pt) as well as diffusion-ordered NMR and IR spectroscopy. Critically, we demonstrate the activity of the SCNPs as a homogeneous and luminescent catalytic system in the amination reaction of allyl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai D Knöfel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Hannah Rothfuss
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Pavleta Tzvetkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 - Magnetic Resonance, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Bragavie Kulendran
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4000 Australia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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39
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Chen J, Li K, Bonson SE, Zimmerman SC. A Bioorthogonal Small Molecule Selective Polymeric “Clickase”. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13966-13973. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sarah E. Bonson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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40
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Abstract
Reversible photocycloadditions hold great potential to control formation and fissure of bonds. However, the wavelength selective addressability of cycloaddition and -reversion was found to be lost in the confined environment of single polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modan Liu
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)
- Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)
- Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Germany
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
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41
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Kröger APP, Paats JWD, Boonen RJEA, Hamelmann NM, Paulusse JMJ. Pentafluorophenyl-based single-chain polymer nanoparticles as a versatile platform towards protein mimicry. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pentafluorophenyl-single chain polymer nanoparticles are readily conjugated with functional amines enabling facile SCNP modification, adjustment of physicochemical properties, and even protein mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Pia P. Kröger
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Jan-Willem D. Paats
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Roy J. E. A. Boonen
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Naomi M. Hamelmann
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
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42
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Biswas S, Kumar M, Levine AM, Jimenez I, Ulijn RV, Braunschweig AB. Visible-light photooxidation in water by 1O2-generating supramolecular hydrogels. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An aqueous photocatalytic system exploits photophysical properties arising from the formation of supramolecular hydrogels, with properties and assembly modulated by the amino acids appended to an organic chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankarsan Biswas
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Andrew M. Levine
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Ian Jimenez
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Rein V. Ulijn
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
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43
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Lee SH, Choe YH, Kang RH, Kim YR, Kim NH, Kang S, Kim Y, Park S, Hyun YM, Kim D. A bright blue fluorescent dextran for two-photon in vivo imaging of blood vessels. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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44
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Khan R, Özkan M, Khaligh A, Tuncel D. Water-dispersible glycosylated poly(2,5'-thienylene)porphyrin-based nanoparticles for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1147-1155. [PMID: 30785160 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the preparation of water-dispersible glycosylated poly(2,5'-thienylene)porphyrin based nanoparticles by a nanoprecipitation method and demonstrate the application of these nanoparticles in antibacterial photodynamic therapy. The diameter of the nanoparticles is in the range of 50-80 nm and the resulting nanoparticles are stable in water without precipitation at least for a month. They have high singlet oxygen efficiency and display light-triggered biocidal activity against both Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli) and Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, B. subtilis). Upon white light irradiation for 10 min with a flux of 22 mW cm-2 of the E. coli suspension incubated with NPs (18 μg mL-1), a killing efficiency of 99% is achieved, whereas in the dark the effect is recorded as only around 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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45
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Chen X, Li R, Wong SHD, Wei K, Cui M, Chen H, Jiang Y, Yang B, Zhao P, Xu J, Chen H, Yin C, Lin S, Lee WYW, Jing Y, Li Z, Yang Z, Xia J, Chen G, Li G, Bian L. Conformational manipulation of scale-up prepared single-chain polymeric nanogels for multiscale regulation of cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2705. [PMID: 31221969 PMCID: PMC6586678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Folded single chain polymeric nano-objects are the molecular level soft material with ultra-small size. Here, we report an easy and scalable method for preparing single-chain nanogels (SCNGs) with improved efficiency. We further investigate the impact of the dynamic molecular conformational change of SCNGs on cellular interactions from molecular to bulk scale. First, the supramolecular unfoldable SCNGs efficiently deliver siRNAs into stem cells as a molecular drug carrier in a conformation-dependent manner. Furthermore, the conformation changes of SCNGs enable dynamic and precise manipulation of ligand tether structure on 2D biomaterial interfaces to regulate the ligand-receptor ligation and mechanosensing of cells. Lastly, the dynamic SCNGs as the building blocks provide effective energy dissipation to bulk biomaterials such as hydrogels, thereby protecting the encapsulated stem cells from deleterious mechanical shocks in 3D matrix. Such a bottom-up molecular tailoring strategy will inspire further applications of single-chain nano-objects in the biomedical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Miao Cui
- Beijing Genomic Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huaijun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuanzhang Jiang
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Boguang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Pengchao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yihan Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong.
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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46
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Wen W, Huang T, Guan S, Zhao Y, Chen A. Self-Assembly of Single Chain Janus Nanoparticles with Tunable Liquid Crystalline Properties from Stilbene-Containing Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongbin Zhao
- Shandong Oubo New
Material Co. Ltd., Shandong 257088, P. R. China
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47
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Watanabe K, Katsuhara S, Mamiya H, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. Downsizing feature of microphase-separated structures via intramolecular crosslinking of block copolymers. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3330-3339. [PMID: 30996920 PMCID: PMC6429781 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel strategy for downsizing the feature of microphase-separated structures was developed via the intramolecular crosslinking reaction of block copolymers (BCPs) without changing the molecular weight. A series of BCPs consisting of poly[styrene-st-(p-3-butenyl styrene)] and poly(rac-lactide) (SBS-LA) was subjected to Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis under highly diluted conditions to produce intramolecularly crosslinked BCPs (SBS(cl)-LAs). Small-angle X-ray scattering measurement and transmission electron microscopy observation of the SBS(cl)-LAs revealed feature size reduction in lamellar (LAM) and hexagonally close-packed cylinder (HEX) structures in the bulk state, which was surely due to the restricted chain dimensions of the intramolecularly crosslinked SBS block. Notably, the degree of size reduction was controllable by varying the crosslink density, with a maximum decrease of 22% in the LAM spacing. In addition, we successfully observed the downsizing of the HEX structure in the thin film state using atomic force microscopy, indicating the applicability of the present methodology to next-generation lithography technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Satoshi Katsuhara
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Hiroaki Mamiya
- Quantum Beam Unit , Advanced Key Technologies Division , National Institute for Materials Science , Ibaraki 305-0047 , Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
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48
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Wang W, Li C, Pi Y, Wang J, Tan R, Yin D. Chiral salen Cr(iii) complexes encapsulated in thermo-responsive polymer nanoreactors for asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes in water. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive polymer nanoreactors containing chiral salen Cr(iii) complexes exhibited unprecedented efficiency and facile reusability in asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Chaoping Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Yibing Pi
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Jiajun Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Rong Tan
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Donghong Yin
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
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49
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Petrizza L, Le Bechec M, Decompte E, El Hadri H, Lacombe S, Save M. Tuning photosensitized singlet oxygen production from microgels synthesized by polymerization in aqueous dispersed media. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Miniemulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate, N-vinylcaprolactam, vinyl benzyl Rose Bengal and divinyl adipate to synthesize switchable photosensitizer-grafted polymer colloids for interfacial photooxygenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Petrizza
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Mickael Le Bechec
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Emile Decompte
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Hind El Hadri
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Sylvie Lacombe
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Maud Save
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
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50
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De-La-Cuesta J, Pomposo JA. Photoactivation of Aggregation-Induced Emission Molecules for Fast and Efficient Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Single-Chain Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15193-15199. [PMID: 30555999 PMCID: PMC6289576 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are ultrasmall soft nanomaterials constructed via intrachain cross-linking of individual precursor polymer chains, with promising prospects for nanomedicine, catalysis, and sensing, among other different fields. SCNPs are versatile building blocks for the construction of new fluorescent probes with ultrasmall size, higher brightness, and better photostability than previous particle-based systems. Herein, we report on a new, fast, and efficient method to produce SCNPs with intense fluorescence emission in solution which is based on the photoactivation of appropriate aggregation-induced emission (AIE) cross-linking molecules containing azide functional groups. Remarkably, the presence of the azide moiety-that can be transformed to highly reactive nitrene species upon UV irradiation-was found to be essential for the SCNPs to display intense fluorescence emission. We attribute the fluorescence properties of the SCNPs to the immobilization of the initially nonfluorescent AIE molecules via intrachain cross-linking upon photoactivation. Such cross-linking-induced immobilization process activates the AIE mechanism and, hence, leads to fluorescent SCNPs in both solution and solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen De-La-Cuesta
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics
Center MPC, Paseo Manuel
de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics
Center MPC, Paseo Manuel
de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Universidad
del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, E-20800 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE—Basque
Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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