1
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Kriebisch CME, Burger L, Zozulia O, Stasi M, Floroni A, Braun D, Gerland U, Boekhoven J. Template-based copying in chemically fuelled dynamic combinatorial libraries. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1240-1249. [PMID: 39014158 PMCID: PMC11321992 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
One of science's greatest challenges is determining how life can spontaneously emerge from a mixture of molecules. A complicating factor is that life and its molecules are inherently unstable-RNA and proteins are prone to hydrolysis and denaturation. For the de novo synthesis of life or to better understand its emergence at its origin, selection mechanisms are needed for unstable molecules. Here we present a chemically fuelled dynamic combinatorial library to model RNA oligomerization and deoligomerization and shine new light on selection and purification mechanisms under kinetic control. In the experiments, oligomers can only be sustained by continuous production. Hybridization is a powerful tool for selecting unstable molecules, offering feedback on oligomerization and deoligomerization rates. Moreover, we find that templation can be used to purify libraries of oligomers. In addition, template-assisted formation of oligomers within coacervate-based protocells changes its compartment's physical properties, such as their ability to fuse. Such reciprocal coupling between oligomer production and physical properties is a key step towards synthetic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M E Kriebisch
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Ludwig Burger
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Oleksii Zozulia
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Michele Stasi
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Floroni
- Systems Biophysics Center for Nano-Science and Origins Cluster Initiative, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Braun
- Systems Biophysics Center for Nano-Science and Origins Cluster Initiative, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gerland
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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2
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Brasnett C, Kiani A, Sami S, Otto S, Marrink SJ. Capturing chemical reactions inside biomolecular condensates with reactive Martini simulations. Commun Chem 2024; 7:151. [PMID: 38961263 PMCID: PMC11222477 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are phase separated systems that play an important role in the spatio-temporal organisation of cells. Their distinct physico-chemical nature offers a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. The compartmentalisation of chemical reactions is also believed to be central to the development of early life. To demonstrate how molecular dynamics may be used to capture chemical reactions in condensates, here we perform reactive molecular dynamics simulations using the coarse-grained Martini forcefield. We focus on the formation of rings of benzene-1,3-dithiol inside a synthetic peptide-based condensate, and find that the ring size distribution shifts to larger macrocycles compared to when the reaction takes place in an aqueous environment. Moreover, reaction rates are noticeably increased when the peptides simultaneously undergo phase separation, hinting that condensates may act as chaperones in recruiting molecules to reaction hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brasnett
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Armin Kiani
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Selim Sami
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Komáromy D, Monzón DM, Marić I, Monreal Santiago G, Ottelé J, Altay M, Schaeffer G, Otto S. Generalist versus Specialist Self-Replicators. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303837. [PMID: 38294075 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Darwinian evolution, including the selection of the fittest species under given environmental conditions, is a major milestone in the development of synthetic living systems. In this regard, generalist or specialist behavior (the ability to replicate in a broader or narrower, more specific food environment) are of importance. Here we demonstrate generalist and specialist behavior in dynamic combinatorial libraries composed of a peptide-based and an oligo(ethylene glycol) based building block. Three different sets of macrocyclic replicators could be distinguished based on their supramolecular organization: two prepared from a single building block as well as one prepared from an equimolar mixture of them. Peptide-containing hexamer replicators were found to be generalists, i. e. they could replicate in a broad range of food niches, whereas the octamer peptide-based replicator and hexameric ethyleneoxide-based replicator were proven to be specialists, i. e. they only replicate in very specific food niches that correspond to their composition. However, sequence specificity cannot be demonstrated for either of the generalist replicators. The generalist versus specialist nature of these replicators was linked to their supramolecular organization. Assembly modes that accommodate structurally different building blocks lead to generalist replicators, while assembly modes that are more restrictive yield specialist replicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Komáromy
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diego M Monzón
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ivana Marić
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Monreal Santiago
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Ottelé
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meniz Altay
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaël Schaeffer
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Ikeshita M, Ichinose M, Tsuno T. Luminescent solvent-free liquids based on Schiff-base boron difluoride complexes with polyethylene glycol chains. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2178-2184. [PMID: 38351893 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01590d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A series of Schiff-base boron difluoride complexes with polyethylene glycol chains were synthesized and their photophysical properties were examined. These complexes maintained the solvent-free liquid state even at room temperature and their glass transition temperatures (Tg) were determined to be around -40 °C. The complexes showed blue to yellow luminescence under UV irradiation in the solvent-free liquid state with good emission quantum yields (Φ) of up to 0.26. The luminescence colour could also be tuned by dissolving organic dyes in the blue luminescent liquid sample. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations were performed to further understand the photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ikeshita
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan.
| | - Miku Ichinose
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tsuno
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan.
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5
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Stoy A, Jürgensen M, Millidoni C, Berthold C, Ramler J, Martínez S, Buchner MR, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry: Access to a Bowl-Type Macrocycle and a Barrel-Type Heptanuclear Complex Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308293. [PMID: 37522394 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) is a powerful and widely applied tool in modern synthetic chemistry, which is based on the reversible cleavage and formation of covalent bonds. One of the inherent strengths of this approach is the perspective to reversibly generate in an operationally simple approach novel structural motifs that are difficult or impossible to access with more traditional methods and require multiple bond cleaving and bond forming steps. To date, these fundamentally important synthetic and conceptual challenges in the context of DCvC have predominantly been tackled by exploiting compounds of lighter p-block elements, even though heavier p-block elements show low bond dissociation energies and appear to be ideally suited for this approach. Here we show that a dinuclear organometallic bismuth compound, containing BiMe2 groups that are connected by a thioxanthene linker, readily undergoes selective and reversible cleavage of its Bi-C bonds upon exposure to external stimuli. The exploitation of DCvC in the field of organometallic heavy p-block chemistry grants access to unprecedented macrocyclic and barrel-type oligonuclear compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stoy
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Jürgensen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Millidoni
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Chantsalmaa Berthold
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastián Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magnus R Buchner
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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6
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Paradis E. Information-energy equivalence and the emergence of self-replicating biological systems. Biosystems 2023; 226:104885. [PMID: 36935033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological processes are characterized by a decrease in entropy in apparent violation of the second law of thermodynamics. Information stored in genomes help to solve this paradox when interpreted under the relationship between information and energy stated by Brillouin in the 1950's. However, the origins of living forms from inanimate matter which have no information storage device remains an open question. In this paper, a theoretical approach is developed on this issue. The replication of a simple entity with a binary genome is assumed to require an information-equivalent energy in addition to the standard activation energy. It is found that, in some conditions, a decrease in entropy can be accomplished together with a decrease in Gibbs free energy. An equation of the total energy for the replication of this entity is derived. Three factors are predicted to lower this energy: a small number of states of the coding sequence, a lower temperature, and a high ratio of the reaction on diffusion coefficients. These factors may have favoured the emergence of evolutionary demons-information storage devices that are able to decrease entropy. It is evaluated that some short, single-stranded RNA sequences made only of G and of C may conform to this model. The consequences of this model and its predictions on the origins of life on Earth and on other planets are discussed.
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7
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Liu Y, Xing R, Li J, Yan X. Covalently triggered self-assembly of peptide-based nanodrugs for cancer theranostics. iScience 2023; 26:105789. [PMID: 36594020 PMCID: PMC9804138 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalently triggered peptide self-assembly is achieved through sequential integration of spontaneous covalent reaction and noncovalent interactions, thus both enhancing the physiological stability and extending unexpected functionality of the resulting peptide-based assemblies, different from popular supramolecular peptide self-assembly merely associated with noncovalent interactions. This review summarizes the recent progress on the development of covalently triggered peptide self-assembly for cancer theranostics. Especially, we propose the fundamental design principle of covalently triggered peptide self-assembly for constructing a variety of peptide-based assemblies including nanoparticles, nanofibers, hollow nanospheres, and other nanoarchitectures. Subsequently, the discussion is anchored in an overview of representative covalently assembled peptide-based nanodrugs for the cancer theranostics. Finally, the challenges and perspectives on the clinical potential of the covalently assembled peptide-based nanodrugs are highlighted. This review will provide new insights into construction of peptide-based nanodrugs through combination of covalent reaction and noncovalent self-assembly and prompt their clinical applications in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruirui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Lei Y, Li Z, Wu G, Zhang L, Tong L, Tong T, Chen Q, Wang L, Ge C, Wei Y, Pan Y, Sue ACH, Wang L, Huang F, Li H. A trefoil knot self-templated through imination in water. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3557. [PMID: 35729153 PMCID: PMC9213439 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of topologically nontrivial molecules is often assisted by covalent, supramolecular or coordinative templates that provide spatial pre-organization for all components. Herein, we report a trefoil knot that can be self-assembled efficiently in water without involving additional templates. The direct condensation of three equivalents of a tetraformyl precursor and six equivalents of a chiral diamine produces successfully a [3 + 6] trefoil knot whose intrinsic handedness is dictated by the stereochemical configuration of the diamine linkers. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that imine condensation is not amenable to use in water, the multivalent cooperativity between all the imine bonds within the framework makes this trefoil knot robust in the aqueous environment. Furthermore, the presence of water is proven to be essential for the trefoil knot formation. A topologically trivial macrocycle composed of two tetraformyl and four diamino building blocks is obtained when a similar reaction is performed in organic media, indicating that hydrophobic effect is a major driving force behind the scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Zhaoyong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 311231, PR China
| | - Lu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Tianyi Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Lingxiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Chenqi Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China.
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
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9
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Sharifi S, Asenjo-Sanz I, Pomposo JA, Alegria A. Intra- vs Intermolecular Cross-Links in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Networks Containing Enamine Bonds. Macromolecules 2022; 55:3627-3636. [PMID: 35578611 PMCID: PMC9100347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The molecular dynamics
of a copolymer composed of methyl methacrylate
(MMA) and (2-acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate (AEMA) monomers and the
influence on it of intra- to intermolecular cross-links of AEMA units
with ethylenediamine (EDA) was studied by combining dielectric relaxation
experiments and thermal investigations. The dielectric spectra of
the non-cross-linked copolymer show three dynamical processes: a slow
relaxation (α) and a faster (β), both dominated by the
MMA dynamics, and an even faster secondary relaxation (γ) reflecting
the AEMA dynamics. Already for low cross-linking densities, the γ
process is very much affected and eventually disappears, increasing
the cross-linking density. The secondary β relaxation however
was nearly unaffected by cross-linking. The effect of cross-linking
on the α relaxation was very pronounced with an important increasing
of the glass transition temperature Tg. There was also an increase of the dynamic heterogeneity and the
relaxation intensity when increasing the cross-linking density (up
to the maximum explored, 9 mol % EDA). The quality of the average
time scale and Tg value have similarities
in behavior for intra- and intermolecular cross-linking, but clear
differences in the dynamic heterogeneities where observed. These differences
can be interpreted in connection with the sparse internal structure
of the collapsed single chains obtained by intramolecular cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Sharifi
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabel Asenjo-Sanz
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Angel Alegria
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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10
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Banno T, Sawada D, Toyota T. Construction of Supramolecular Systems That Achieve Lifelike Functions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:2391. [PMID: 35407724 PMCID: PMC8999524 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1987 and 2016 for research in supramolecular chemistry on the "development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity" and the "design and production of molecular machines", respectively. This confirmed the explosive development of supramolecular chemistry. In addition, attempts have been made in systems chemistry to embody the complex functions of living organisms as artificial non-equilibrium chemical systems, which have not received much attention in supramolecular chemistry. In this review, we explain recent developments in supramolecular chemistry through four categories: stimuli-responsiveness, time evolution, dissipative self-assembly, and hierarchical expression of functions. We discuss the development of non-equilibrium supramolecular systems, including the use of molecules with precisely designed properties, to achieve functions found in life as a hierarchical chemical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Banno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; (T.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Daichi Sawada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; (T.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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11
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Abstract
As the remit of chemistry expands beyond molecules to systems, new synthetic targets appear on the horizon. Among these, life represents perhaps the ultimate synthetic challenge. Building on an increasingly detailed understanding of the inner workings of living systems and advances in organic synthesis and supramolecular chemistry, the de novo synthesis of life (i.e., the construction of a new form of life based on completely synthetic components) is coming within reach. This Account presents our first steps in the journey toward this long-term goal. The synthesis of life requires the functional integration of different subsystems that harbor the different characteristics that are deemed essential to life. The most important of these are self-replication, metabolism, and compartmentalization. Integrating these features into a single system, maintaining this system out of equilibrium, and allowing it to undergo Darwinian evolution should ideally result in the emergence of life. Our journey toward de novo life started with the serendipitous discovery of a new mechanism of self-replication. We found that self-assembly in a mixture of interconverting oligomers is a general way of achieving self-replication, where the assembly process drives the synthesis of the very molecules that assemble. Mechanically induced breakage of the growing replicating assemblies resulted in their exponential growth, which is an important enabler for achieving Darwinian evolution. Through this mechanism, the self-replication of compounds containing peptides, nucleobases, and fully synthetic molecules was achieved. Several examples of evolutionary dynamics have been observed in these systems, including the spontaneous diversification of replicators allowing them to specialize on different food sets, history dependence of replicator composition, and the spontaneous emergence of parasitic behavior. Peptide-based replicator assemblies were found to organize their peptide units in space in a manner that, inadvertently, gives rise to microenvironments that are capable of catalysis of chemical reactions or binding-induced activation of cofactors. Among the reactions that can be catalyzed by the replicators are ones that produce the precursors from which these replicators grow, amounting to the first examples of the assimilation of a proto-metabolism. Operating these replicators in a chemically fueled out-of-equilibrium replication-destruction regime was found to promote an increase in their molecular complexity. Fueling counteracts the inherent tendency of replicators to evolve toward lower complexity (caused by the fact that smaller replicators tend to replicate faster). Among the remaining steps on the road to de novo life are now to assimilate compartmentalization and achieve open-ended evolution of the resulting system. Success in the synthesis of de novo life, once obtained, will have far-reaching implications for our understanding of what life is, for the search for extraterrestrial life, for how life may have originated on earth, and for every-day life by opening up new vistas in the form living technology and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Kim S, Jana B, Go EM, Lee JE, Jin S, An EK, Hwang J, Sim Y, Son S, Kim D, Kim C, Jin JO, Kwak SK, Ryu JH. Intramitochondrial Disulfide Polymerization Controls Cancer Cell Fate. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14492-14508. [PMID: 34478266 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in supramolecular chemistry research have led to the development of artificial chemical systems that can form self-assembled structures that imitate proteins involved in the regulation of cellular function. However, intracellular polymerization systems that operate inside living cells have been seldom reported. In this study, we developed an intramitochondrial polymerization-induced self-assembly system for regulating the cellular fate of cancer cells. It showed that polymeric disulfide formation inside cells occurred due to the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration of cancer mitochondria. This polymerization barely occurs elsewhere in the cell owing to the reductive intracellular environment. The polymerization of the thiol-containing monomers further increases the ROS level inside the mitochondria, thereby autocatalyzing the polymerization process and creating fibrous polymeric structures. This process induces dysfunction of the mitochondria, which in turn activates cell necroptosis. Thus, this in situ polymerization system shows great potential for cancer treatment, including that of drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangpil Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Batakrishna Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Min Go
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongeon Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Koung An
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Hwang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Youjung Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Son
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyoung Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Beaupre DM, Weiss RG. Thiol- and Disulfide-Based Stimulus-Responsive Soft Materials and Self-Assembling Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:3332. [PMID: 34206043 PMCID: PMC8199128 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties and applications of synthetic thiol- and disulfide-based materials, principally polymers, are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on soft and self-assembling materials in which interconversion of the thiol and disulfide groups initiates stimulus-responses and/or self-healing for biomedical and non-biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard G. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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14
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15
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Schnitzer T, Vantomme G. Synthesis of Complex Molecular Systems-The Foreseen Role of Organic Chemists. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2060-2070. [PMID: 33274282 PMCID: PMC7706085 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
How to control the self-assembly of complex molecular systems is unknown. Yet, these complex molecular systems are fundamental for advances in material and biomedical sciences. A step forward is to transform one-step self-assembly into multistep synthesis involving covalent and noncovalent reactions. Key to this approach is to explore the chemical space at the frontiers of advanced covalent synthesis and supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we describe a selection of such reported cases and provide a guide for current limitations and insights for future directions. This outlook is meant to trigger collaborations between synthetic organic and supramolecular chemists, to expand the repertoire of organic syntheses working with supramolecular assemblies and thereby join forces to achieve stepwise emergence of molecular complexity in supramolecular systems.
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16
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Pappas CG, Mandal PK, Liu B, Kauffmann B, Miao X, Komáromy D, Hoffmann W, Manz C, Chang R, Liu K, Pagel K, Huc I, Otto S. Emergence of low-symmetry foldamers from single monomers. Nat Chem 2020; 12:1180-1186. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Ciou JM, Zhu HF, Chang CW, Chen JY, Lin YF. Physical organic studies and dynamic covalent chemistry of picolyl heterocyclic amino aminals. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40421-40427. [PMID: 35520848 PMCID: PMC9057465 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamic covalent system of the picolyl heterocyclic amino aminals has been studied. The aminals are characterized as a metastable species and easily switch to other forms via external stimuli. The solvent, temperature, acid-base and substituent effects have been examined to evaluate the dynamic covalent system. The results reveal that a more polar solvent, a lower temperature, basic conditions and an electron-withdrawing moiety contribute to the stabilities of aminals. The existence of the n → π* interaction between acetonitrile and the C[double bond, length as m-dash]N moiety makes the N-pyrimidyl imine (4c and 4d) yield higher in CD3CN. In a similar fashion, all aminals tend to convert to the corresponding hemiaminal ethers in a methanol environment. According to these findings, we successfully synthesized the following species: (a) N-2-picolylpyrimidin-2-amine 6c obtained by reduction using acetonitrile as the specific solvent; (b) a picolyl aromatic amino aminal 3e prepared from 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and the electron withdrawing 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ming Ciou
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Hong-Feng Zhu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yun Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fan Lin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
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18
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Tan X, Chen H, Gu C, Zang J, Zhang T, Wang H, Zhao G. Converting histidine-induced 3D protein arrays in crystals into their 3D analogues in solution by metal coordination cross-linking. Commun Chem 2020; 3:151. [PMID: 36703383 PMCID: PMC9814774 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histidine (His) residues represent versatile motifs for designing protein-protein interactions because the protonation state of the imidazole group of His is the only moiety in protein to be significantly pH dependent under physiological conditions. Here we show that, by the designed His motifs nearby the C4 axes, ferritin nanocages arrange in crystals with a simple cubic stacking pattern. The X-ray crystal structures obtained at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0 in conjunction with thermostability analyses reveal the strength of the π-π interactions between two adjacent protein nanocages can be fine-tuned by pH. By using the crystal structural information as a guide, we constructed 3D protein frameworks in solution by a combination of the relatively weak His-His interaction and Ni2+-participated metal coordination with Glu residues from two adjacent protein nanocages. These findings open up a new way of organizing protein building blocks into 3D protein crystalline frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Tan
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Hai Chen
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Chunkai Gu
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
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19
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Geysens P, Evers J, Dehaen W, Fransaer J, Binnemans K. Enhancing the solubility of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones in electrolytes for organic redox flow batteries through molecular modification. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39601-39610. [PMID: 35515364 PMCID: PMC9057408 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Diaminoanthraquinones (DAAQs) are a promising class of redox-active molecules for use in nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) because they can have up to five electrochemically accessible and reversible oxidation states. However, most of the commercially available DAAQs have a low solubility in the polar organic solvents that are typically used in RFBs, in particular when supporting electrolyte salts are present. This significantly limits the energy densities that can be achieved. We have functionalized the amino groups in the DAAQ structure with three types of chains, namely alkyl chains, cationic alkyl chains and oligoethylene glycol ether chains, and measured the solubility of these derivatives in various organic solvents by quantitative UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The DAAQ derivatives with higher polarity exhibit a significantly higher solubility in commonly used organic electrolytes in comparison to apolar derivatives. Cyclic voltammetry was used to assess the viability of the DAAQs as redox-active species for RFBs. Although the cationic DAAQ derivatives have an enhanced solubility in the electrolytes, the cathodic redox reactions have a poor reversibility, most likely due to an internal decomposition reaction of their reduced forms. The oligoethylene-glycol-ether-functionalized DAAQs are the most promising compounds for use in organic RFB electrolytes because they have the optimal combination of high solubility and a high reversibility of the redox couples. The redox-active 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone structure was modified with several side chains in order to increase the solubility in organic electrolytes for redox flow batteries.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Geysens
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. box 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jorik Evers
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. box 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. box 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan Fransaer
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering Kasteelpark 44, P.O. box 2450 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Koen Binnemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. box 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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20
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Mandal R, Biradha K. Photochemical [2 + 2] polymerization of metal-organic gels of a rigid and angular diene with silver-salts of diverse anions: selective dye-sorption and luminescence by xerogels. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13744-13752. [PMID: 32996983 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two similar types of dienes, one rigid and the other flexible, were explored for their gel formation abilities with Ag(i) salts. The rigid and angular dienes have shown an exceptional ability for gel formation with silver salts of nitrate, triflate, tetrafluoro borate and hexafluorophosphate. These metal-organic gels (MOGs) and their xerogels are found to have an excellent ability to undergo the photochemical [2 + 2] polymerization reaction upon irradiation. The reactions were monitored, and the products were characterized via1H NMR and MALDI-TOF analyses. Further, the solid-state luminescence behaviour and the selective dye-sorption of the gels have been explored before and after the photo-polymerization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajorshi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Kumar Biradha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
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21
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Kieffer M, Bilbeisi RA, Thoburn JD, Clegg JK, Nitschke JR. Guest Binding Drives Host Redistribution in Libraries of Co II 4 L 4 Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11369-11373. [PMID: 32243707 PMCID: PMC7383889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two CoII 4 L4 tetrahedral cages prepared from similar building blocks showed contrasting host-guest properties. One cage did not bind guests, whereas the second encapsulated a series of anions, due to electronic and geometric effects. When the building blocks of both cages were present during self-assembly, a library of five CoII LA x LB 4-x cages was formed in a statistical ratio in the absence of guests. Upon incorporation of anions able to interact preferentially with some library members, the products obtained were redistributed in favor of the best anion binders. To quantify the magnitudes of these templation effects, ESI-MS was used to gauge the effect of each template upon library redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Kieffer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Rana A. Bilbeisi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | - John D. Thoburn
- Department of ChemistryRandolph-Macon CollegeAshlandVA23005USA
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
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22
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From self-replication to replicator systems en route to de novo life. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:386-403. [PMID: 37127968 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The process by which chemistry can give rise to biology remains one of the biggest mysteries in contemporary science. The de novo synthesis and origin of life both require the functional integration of three key characteristics - replication, metabolism and compartmentalization - into a system that is maintained out of equilibrium and is capable of open-ended Darwinian evolution. This Review takes systems of self-replicating molecules as starting points and describes the steps necessary to integrate additional characteristics of life. We analyse how far experimental self-replicators have come in terms of Darwinian evolution. We also cover models of replicator communities that attempt to solve Eigen's paradox, whereby accurate replication needs complex machinery yet obtaining such complex self-replicators through evolution requires accurate replication. Successful models rely on a collective metabolism and a way of (transient) compartmentalization, suggesting that the invention and integration of these two characteristics is driven by evolution. Despite our growing knowledge, there remain numerous key challenges that may be addressed by a combined theoretical and experimental approach.
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23
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Phan NM, Percástegui EG, Johnson DW. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry as a Facile Route to Unusual Main-Group Thiolate Assemblies and Disulfide Hoops and Cages. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1270-1282. [PMID: 32529751 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCC) - combining the robustness of covalent bonds with the self-correcting nature of supramolecular chemistry - facilitates the modular synthesis of complex molecular assemblies in high yields. Although numerous reactions form covalent bonds, only a small set of chemical transformations affect covalent bond formation reversibly under suitable conditions for DCC. Further progress in this area still requires the identification of dynamic motifs and greater insights into their reversibility. We have fruitfully employed DCC of both thiolate coordination to main-group elements and disulfide formation for the facile self-assembly of: (1) metal/metalloid-thiolate assemblies, and (2) purely organic cyclic and caged disulfides, thioethers, and even hydrocarbons, many of which have remained elusive by traditional stepwise synthesis yet form readily through our methods. In this Minireview, we highlight the approaches to prepare these unusual compounds and the factors inducing structural transformations or favoring the formation of certain products over others, given a set of external stimuli or reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Minh Phan
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - Edmundo G Percástegui
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México.,Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, C.P.50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
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24
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Gupta S, Singh I, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Ultrashort Peptide Self-Assembly: Front-Runners to Transport Drug and Gene Cargos. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:504. [PMID: 32548101 PMCID: PMC7273840 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The translational therapies to promote interaction between cell and signal come with stringent eligibility criteria. The chemically defined, hierarchically organized, and simpler yet blessed with robust intermolecular association, the peptides, are privileged to make the cut-off for sensing the cell-signal for biologics delivery and tissue engineering. The signature service and insoluble network formation of the peptide self-assemblies as hydrogels have drawn a spell of research activity among the scientists all around the globe in the past decades. The therapeutic peptide market players are anticipating promising growth opportunities due to the ample technological advancements in this field. The presence of the other organic moieties, enzyme substrates and well-established protecting groups like Fmoc and Boc etc., bring the best of both worlds. Since the large sequences of peptides severely limit the purification and their isolation, this article reviews the account of last 5 years' efforts on novel approaches for formulation and development of single molecule amino acids, ultra-short peptide self-assemblies (di- and tri- peptides only) and their derivatives as drug/gene carriers and tissue-engineering systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gupta
- Chemistry Department, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Indu Singh
- Chemistry Department, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani K. Sharma
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
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25
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26
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Naskar K, Dey A, Maity S, Ray PP, Ghosh P, Sinha C. Biporous Cd(II) Coordination Polymer via in Situ Disulfide Bond Formation: Self-Healing and Application to Photosensitive Optoelectronic Device. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5518-5528. [PMID: 32216339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A heteroporous metal-organic framework, [Cd2(2,2'-DSB)2(INH)2(H2O)2]n (1), is fabricated by the reaction of CdI2, 2-mercaptobenzoic acid (2-MBAH), and isoniazid (INH). The X-ray structure of the compound 1 shows the bridging INH and 2,2'-disulfanediyldibenzoic acid (H22,2'-DSBA) around the Cd(II) ion center. 2-MBAH has been in situ dimerized to the formation of 2,2'-DSB2- (S-S-bonded dianion), which has further extended to form the 2D network. However, supramolecular assembly via π···π and hydrogen bonds strengthens the structural motif within the 3D array. Optical stimulation generated the thiol radical under an argon environment followed by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study, but upon exposure to air, the EPR signal gradually disappeared by the formation of the S-S bond, which was commonly known as a self-healing property. Again, compound 1 exhibited as a semiconducting material with a band gap of 3.7 eV. The I-V characteristics of 1 show that the conductivity is intensified by an optical response. The Schottky diode property of 1 shows a lower barrier height, a lower resistance, and a higher conductivity upon illumination at 360 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arka Dey
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sec. III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | | | | | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata 700103, India
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27
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Li Y, Liu C, Bai X, Tian F, Hu G, Sun J. Enantiomorphic Microvortex‐Enabled Supramolecular Sensing of Racemic Amino Acids by Using Achiral Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yike Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
| | - Xuan Bai
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear MechanicsInstitute of MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fei Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Engineering MechanicsZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
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28
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Li Y, Liu C, Bai X, Tian F, Hu G, Sun J. Enantiomorphic Microvortex‐Enabled Supramolecular Sensing of Racemic Amino Acids by Using Achiral Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3486-3490. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yike Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
| | - Xuan Bai
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear MechanicsInstitute of MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fei Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Engineering MechanicsZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
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29
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Cencer MM, Greenlee AJ, Moore JS. Quantifying Error Correction through a Rule-Based Model of Strand Escape from an [n]-Rung Ladder. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:162-168. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M. Cencer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew J. Greenlee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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30
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Prigorchenko E, Kaabel S, Narva T, Baškir A, Fomitšenko M, Adamson J, Järving I, Rissanen K, Tamm T, Aav R. Formation and trapping of the thermodynamically unfavoured inverted-hemicucurbit[6]uril. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9307-9310. [PMID: 31309948 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04990h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Formation of inverted-cis-cyclohexanohemicucurbit[6]uril (i-cis-cycHC[6]), with up to 33% isolated yield, can be induced at the expense of thermodynamically favoured cis-cycHC[6]. Reaction selectivity is governed by the solution-based template-aided dynamic combinatorial chemistry and continuous precipitation of the formed macrocycles. Different binding affinities of three diastereomeric cycHC[6]s with trifluoroacetic acid is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prigorchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Triin Narva
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Anastassia Baškir
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Maria Fomitšenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Jasper Adamson
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ivar Järving
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Toomas Tamm
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
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31
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Zhao L, Li S, Liu Y, Xing R, Yan X. Kinetically Controlled Self-Assembly of Phthalocyanine–Peptide Conjugate Nanofibrils Enabling Superlarge Redshifted Absorption. CCS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.31635/ccschem.019.20180017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular assembly could in principle lead to redshifted absorption through J-aggregation of chromophores, which would be a highly promising method for achieving near-infrared materials with improved functionality and flexibility. To effectively enhance the material functionalities, one of the great challenges remaining is to achieve an aggregation state with a redshift larger than 100 nm. Conventional assemblies that are mostly thermodynamically controlled have a limited redshifted absorption of less than 30 nm. In this work, using a model phthalocyanine–peptide conjugate compound, we achieved the first fabrication of phthalocyanine-based near-infrared materials with a superlarge absorption redshift of 105 nm by a kinetically controlled self-assembly strategy. In this kinetically controlled self-assembly process, sufficient rearrangement of intermolecular aggregates to an ordered structure is revealed to be crucial to facilitate the formation of nanofibrils instead of nanoparticles, which are formed via a general rapid self-assembly pathway under thermodynamic control. The superlarge redshift in the absorbance of assembled nanofibrils originates from the orderly stacked phthalocyanine chromophores, which enable a charge transfer state through more effective intermolecular orbital overlapping. The kinetically controlled J-aggregation state of the phthalocyanine–peptide conjugate with superlarge redshifted absorption not only opens an unprecedented route toward novel near-infrared phthalocyanine materials but also holds great promise for revealing general design principles for various organic dye materials.
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Bartolec B, Leonetti G, Li J, Smit W, Altay M, Monreal Santiago G, Yan Y, Otto S. Emergence of Compartments Formed from Unconventional Surfactants in Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5787-5792. [PMID: 30943038 PMCID: PMC6495384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Assembly processes can drive the selection of self-assembling molecules in dynamic combinatorial libraries, yielding self-synthesizing materials. We now show how such selection in a dynamic combinatorial library made from an amphiphilic building block which, by itself, assembles into micelles, can yield membranous aggregates ranging from vesicles to sponge phases. These aggregates are made from a mixture of unconventional surfactant molecules, showing the power of dynamic combinatorial selection approaches for the discovery of new, not readily predictable, self-assembly motifs.
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Wang P, Zhu T, Hou X, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Yang H, Kang W. Responsive morphology transition from micelles to vesicles based on dynamic covalent surfactants. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2703-2710. [PMID: 30816889 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic covalent bond is widely used to fabricate stimuli responsive systems due to its reversible molecular recognition properties. In this study, we developed a pH-responsive morphology transition system based on a mixture of a cationic surfactant CTAB and two nonamphiphilic precursors, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HB) and octylamine (OA), at a molar ratio of 100 : 60 : 60 (CTAB/HB/OA). The morphology transition of CTAB/HB/OA was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, macroscopic appearance observation, dynamic light scattering, and rheological and cryo-TEM measurements. The phase behavior of CTAB/HB/OA solutions underwent transition from a water-like fluid to a transparent gel-like solution and then converted into a turbid low-viscosity solution upon increasing the pH. Upon increasing the pH from 4.93 to 7.99, the morphology was transformed from spherical micelles to wormlike micelles. Upon further increasing the pH to 12.02, the wormlike micelles gradually disappeared with the formation of vesicles. Thus, a morphology transition from micelles to vesicles can be triggered by varying the pH of CTAB/HB/OA solutions. This drastic variation in morphology behavior was attributed to the pH dependent ionization and formation of the anionic surfactant HB-OA-. Besides, over 3 cycles of morphological alternation among spherical micelles, wormlike micelles and vesicles of the CTAB/HB/OA solutions can be obtained by adjusting the pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry, School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
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Marrazzini G, Gabbiani C, Ciancaleoni G. Interplay between Gold(I)-Ligand Bond Components and Hydrogen Bonding: A Combined Experimental/Computational Study. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1344-1353. [PMID: 31459403 PMCID: PMC6647975 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of weak interactions on the donation/back-donation bond components in the complex [(NHC)Au(SeU)]+ (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; SeU = selenourea) has been studied by coupling experimental and theoretical techniques. In particular, NMR 1H and pulsed-field gradient spin-echo titrations allowed us to characterize the hydrogen bond (HB) between the -NH2 moieties of SeU and the anions PF6 - and ClO4 -, whereas 77Se NMR spectroscopy allowed us to characterize the Au-Se bond. Theoretically, the Au-Se and Au-C orbital interactions have been decomposed using the natural orbital for the chemical valence framework and the bond components quantified through the charge displacement analysis. This methodology provides the quantification of the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson (DCD) components for the Au-C and Au-Se bonds in the absence and presence of the second-sphere HB. The results presented here show that the anion has a dual mode action: it modifies the conformation of the cation by ion pairing (and this already influences the DCD components) and it induces new polarization effects that depend on the relative anion/cation relative orientation. The perchlorate polarizes SeU, enhancing the Se → Au σ donation and the Au → C back-donation and depressing the C → Au σ donation. On the contrary, the hexafluorophosphate depresses both the Se → Au and C → Au σ donations.
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35
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Bartolec B, Altay M, Otto S. Template-promoted self-replication in dynamic combinatorial libraries made from a simple building block. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13096-13098. [PMID: 30395138 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06253f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report dynamic combinatorial libraries made from a simple building block that is on the verge of enabling self-assembly driven self-replication. Adding a template provides a sufficient additional push yielding self-replication. Self-assembly and self-replication can emerge with building blocks that are considerably smaller than those reported thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bartolec
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Neves R, Stephens K, Smith-Carpenter JE. Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2-Dithiolane Modified Self-Assembling Peptides. J Vis Exp 2018:58135. [PMID: 30176010 PMCID: PMC6128216 DOI: 10.3791/58135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This report focuses on the synthesis of an N-terminus 1,2-dithiolane modified self-assembling peptide and the characterization of the resulting self-assembled supramolecular structures. The synthetic route takes advantage of solid-phase peptide synthesis with the on-resin coupling of the dithiolane precursor molecule, 3-(acetylthio)-2-(acetylthiomethyl)propanoic acid, and the microwave-assisted thioacetate deprotection of the peptide N-terminus before final cleavage from the resin to yield the 1,2-dithiolane modified peptide. After the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification of the 1,2-dithiolane peptide, derived from the nucleating core of the Aβ peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease, the peptide is shown to self-assemble into cross-β amyloid fibers. Protocols to characterize the amyloid fibers by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are presented. The methods of N-terminal modification with a 1,2-dithiolane moiety to well-characterized self-assembling peptides can now be explored as model systems to develop post-assembly modification strategies and explore dynamic covalent chemistry on supramolecular peptide nanofiber surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Neves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fairfield University
| | - Kailyn Stephens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fairfield University
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37
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Golovanov IS, Mazeina GS, Nelyubina YV, Novikov RA, Mazur AS, Britvin SN, Tartakovsky VA, Ioffe SL, Sukhorukov AY. Exploiting Coupling of Boronic Acids with Triols for a pH-Dependent "Click-Declick" Chemistry. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9756-9773. [PMID: 30062896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Click-like condensation of boronic acids with specifically designed triols (boronate-triol coupling) produces stable diamantane adducts in aqueous medium, which can be controllably cleaved to initial components under acidic conditions or by using boric acid as a chemical trigger. This novel "click-declick" strategy allows for the creation of temporary covalent connections between two or more modular units, which was demonstrated by the synthesis of new fluorophore-labeled natural molecules (peptides, steroids), supramolecular assemblies, modified polymers, boronic acid scavengers, solid-supported organocatalysts, biodegradable COF-like materials, and dynamic combinatorial libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Golovanov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect, 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Galina S Mazeina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect, 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia.,Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Miusskaya Sq. 9 , Moscow 125047 , Russia
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds , Vavilov Str. 28 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Roman A Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect, 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Anton S Mazur
- Center for Magnetic Resonance , St. Petersburg State University , University Av. 26 , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russia
| | - Sergey N Britvin
- Department of Crystallography , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 , St. Petersburg 199034 , Russia
| | - Vladimir A Tartakovsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect, 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Sema L Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect, 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect, 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
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38
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Keyzer EN, Sava A, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR, McConnell AJ. Post-Assembly Reactivity of N-Aryl Iminoboronates: Reversible Radical Coupling and Unusual B-N Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:12000-12005. [PMID: 29972260 PMCID: PMC6175077 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-assembly reaction of a dynamic covalent iminoboronate system following addition of Cp2 Co resulted in the formation of a series of new reductively coupled dianionic dimers via C-C bond formation. The dimers formed as a mixture of BN-containing isomeric products: diastereomers rac5 and meso5, with coupled five-membered rings, and enantiomeric rac6, with a fused six-membered ring bicyclic system from C-C bond formation and rearrangement of the B-N bonds. Each isomer was identified using 1 H NMR spectroscopy in combination with single crystal X-ray structure determination. Interestingly, interconversion between the coupled five-membered rings (rac5 ) and fused bicyclic systems (rac6 ) was found to occur through an unprecedented breaking and reforming of the B-N covalent bond. Further, the coupled products could be converted quantitatively back to their iminoboronate precursors with addition of the electron abstractor Ph3 C+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan N. Keyzer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RdCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Alexandru Sava
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RdCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RdCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | | | - Anna J. McConnell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RdCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Kiel24118KielGermany
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39
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Yang Y, Chen P, Cao Y, Huang Z, Zhu G, Xu Z, Dai X, Chen S, Miao B, Yan LT. How Implementation of Entropy in Driving Structural Ordering of Nanoparticles Relates to Assembly Kinetics: Insight into Reaction-Induced Interfacial Assembly of Janus Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9477-9488. [PMID: 30016871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to understand and exploit entropic contributions to ordering transition is of essential importance in the design of self-assembling systems with well-controlled structures. However, much less is known about the role of assembly kinetics in entropy-driven phase behaviors. Here, by combining computer simulations and theoretical analysis, we report that the implementation of entropy in driving phase transition significantly depends on the kinetic process in the reaction-induced self-assembly of newly designed nanoparticle systems. In particular, such systems comprise binary Janus nanoparticles at the fluid-fluid interface and undergo phase transition driven by entropy and controlled by the polymerization reaction initiated from the surfaces of just one component of nanoparticles. Our simulations demonstrate that the competition between the reaction rate and the diffusive dynamics of nanoparticles governs the implementation of entropy in driving the phase transition from randomly mixed phase to intercalated phase in these interfacial nanoparticle mixtures, which thereby results in diverse kinetic pathways. At low reaction rates, the transition exhibits abrupt jump in the mixing parameter, in a similar way to first-order, equilibrium phase transition. Increasing the reaction rate diminishes the jumps until the transitions become continuous, behaving as a second-order-like phase transition, where a critical exponent, characterizing the transition, can be identified. We finally develop an analytical model of the blob theory of polymer chains to complement the simulation results and reveal essential scaling laws of the entropy-driven phase behaviors. In effect, our results allow for further opportunities to amplify the entropic contributions to the materials design via kinetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yufei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zihan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Guolong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xiaobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Shi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Bing Miao
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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40
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Feng Z, Wang H, Wang S, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Rodal A, Xu B. Enzymatic Assemblies Disrupt the Membrane and Target Endoplasmic Reticulum for Selective Cancer Cell Death. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9566-9573. [PMID: 29995402 PMCID: PMC6070399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the synthesis and folding of a large number of proteins, as well as intracellular calcium regulation, lipid synthesis, and lipid transfer to other organelles, and is emerging as a target for cancer therapy. However, strategies for selectively targeting the ER of cancer cells are limited. Here we show that enzymatically generated crescent-shaped supramolecular assemblies of short peptides disrupt cell membranes and target ER for selective cancer cell death. As revealed by sedimentation assay, the assemblies interact with synthetic lipid membranes. Live cell imaging confirms that the assemblies impair membrane integrity, which is further supported by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), static light scattering (SLS), and critical micelle concentration (CMC), attaching an l-amino acid at the C-terminal of a d-tripeptide results in the crescent-shaped supramolecular assemblies. Structure-activity relationship suggests that the crescent-shaped morphology is critical for interacting with membranes and for controlling cell fate. Moreover, fluorescent imaging indicates that the assemblies accumulate on the ER. Time-dependent Western blot and ELISA indicate that the accumulation causes ER stress and subsequently activates the caspase signaling cascade for cell death. As an approach for in situ generating membrane binding scaffolds (i.e., the crescent-shaped supramolecular assemblies), this work promises a new way to disrupt the membrane and to target the ER for developing anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqianqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Avital Rodal
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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41
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Wołczański G, Cal M, Waliczek M, Lisowski M, Stefanowicz P. Self-Synthesizing Models of Helical Proteins Based on Aromatic Disulfide Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:12869-12878. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Wołczański
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marta Cal
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Georg-August University Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 2 D-37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Mateusz Waliczek
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marek Lisowski
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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Nakagawa M, Kai S, Kojima T, Hiraoka S. Energy-Landscape-Independent Kinetic Trap of an Incomplete Cage in the Self-Assembly of a Pd 2 L 4 Cage. Chemistry 2018; 24:8804-8808. [PMID: 29683217 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic trap is the metastable species that is transiently or constantly produced during the reaction by trapping in a deep energy well. In most cases, the reactivity of kinetically trapped species is relatively low under the reaction conditions. Herein, we report another type of kinetically trapped species that is an incomplete cage (IC) intermediate produced during the self-assembly of a Pd2 L4 cage from ditopic ligand (L) and PdII ions with a certain lifetime, although IC has a high enough reactivity to be converted into the cage with the reaction of free L, which was confirmed by the reaction of the isolated IC and L under the self-assembly conditions. IC was kinetically trapped not because IC lies on the bottom of a deep energy well but because the conversion of the intermediates essential for the conversion of IC to the cage preferentially takes place; IC was kinetically trapped independently of the shape of the energy landscape of the self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nakagawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shumpei Kai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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43
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Kai S, Maddala SP, Kojima T, Akagi S, Harano K, Nakamura E, Hiraoka S. Flexibility of components alters the self-assembly pathway of Pd 2L 4 coordination cages. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3258-3263. [PMID: 29442109 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly process of a Pd2L4 cage consisting of flexible ditopic ligands and Pd(ii) ions was revealed by QASAP (quantitative analysis of self-assembly process), which enables one to obtain information about the intermediates transiently produced during the self-assembly as the average composition of all the intermediates. It was found that the dominant pathway to the cage is the formation of a submicrometre-sized sheet structure, which was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), followed by the addition of free ditopic ligands to the Pd(ii) centres of the sheet structure to trigger the cage formation. This assembly process is completely different from that of a Pd2L4 cage composed of rigid ditopic ligands, indicating that the flexibility of the components strongly affects the self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Kai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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Tateishi T, Kojima T, Hiraoka S. Multiple Pathways in the Self-Assembly Process of a Pd 4L 8 Coordination Tetrahedron. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2686-2694. [PMID: 29469572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a Pd418 coordination tetrahedron (Tet) from a ditopic ligand, 1, and palladium(II) ions, [PdPy*4]2+ (Py* = 3-chloropyridine), was investigated by a 1H NMR-based quantitative approach (quantitative analysis of self-assembly process, QASAP), which allows one to monitor the average composition of the intermediates not observed by NMR spectroscopy. The self-assembly of Tet takes place mainly through three pathways and about half of the Tet structures were produced through the reaction of a kinetically produced Pd3L6 double-walled triangle (DWT) and 200-nm-sized large intermediates (IntL). In two of the three pathways, the leaving ligand (Py*), which is not a component of Tet, catalytically assisted the self-assembly. Such a multiplicity of the self-assembly process of Tet suggests that molecular self-assembly takes place on an energy landscape like a protein-folding funnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Tateishi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
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Collins MS, Phan NM, Zakharov LN, Johnson DW. Coupling Metaloid-Directed Self-Assembly and Dynamic Covalent Systems as a Route to Large Organic Cages and Cyclophanes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3486-3496. [PMID: 29412648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of large cyclic and caged disulfide structures was achieved by pnictogen-assisted iodine oxidation starting from self-assembled pnictogen thiolate complexes. The directing behavior of pnictogen enables rapid and selective syntheses of many discrete disulfide assemblies over competing oligomers/polymers, ranging from structures that are small and strained to those that are large and multifaceted, including 3D cages. Traditional cyclization reactions carried out under kinetic control are generally low-yielding, which often results in the formation of insoluble oligomers and polymers as unwanted side products. The prospect of self-assembling organic structures efficiently under thermodynamic control adds an attractive tool for the synthesis of cyclophanes and other large cage compounds. This method of metaloid-directed self-assembly within a dynamic covalent system allows for the rapid and discriminant self-assembly of disulfide cyclophanes without the consequences sometimes seen in traditional cyclophane syntheses such as poor yields, long reaction times, low ring-closing selectivity, and extensive purifications. The present paper provides an overview of this approach, explores the role of the pnictogen additive and solvent in this reaction, begins to test the limits of this strategy in complex 3D molecule formation, and extends our strategy to include one-pot syntheses that do not require the use of a pnictogen additive. This Viewpoint also includes an extended introduction to serve as a minireview highlighting the utility of a self-assembly approach to create organic cage structures. From a practical standpoint, the cyclophanes isolated from this method can serve as precursors in the production of insulating plastics (e.g., through the widely used parylene polymerization process, which uses derivatives of paracyclophane as monomers) or as potential hosts for molecular separations or capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Collins
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403-1253 , United States
| | - Ngoc-Minh Phan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403-1253 , United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403-1253 , United States.,Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon (CAMCOR) , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403-1241 , United States
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403-1253 , United States
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Zhan J, Cai Y, He S, Wang L, Yang Z. Tandem Molecular Self-Assembly in Liver Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- College of Life Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yanbin Cai
- College of Life Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shuangshuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- College of Life Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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47
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Zhan J, Cai Y, He S, Wang L, Yang Z. Tandem Molecular Self-Assembly in Liver Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1813-1816. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- College of Life Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yanbin Cai
- College of Life Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shuangshuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- College of Life Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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Chen Y, Li X, Bai J, Shi F, Xu T, Gong Q, Yang Z. A supramolecular hydrogel for spatial-temporal release of auxin to promote plant root growth. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11721-11724. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05999c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An auxin-based hydrogelator linked by a hydrolysable ester bond enabled spatial-temporal release of the plant hormone and significantly promoted root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education
- and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
| | - Xinjing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences
- College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences
- College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education
- and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
| | - Tengyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education
- and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
| | - Qingqiu Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences
- College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education
- and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
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Wang Z, Liang C, Shang Y, He S, Wang L, Yang Z. Narrowing the diversification of supramolecular assemblies by preorganization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2751-2754. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01082j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preorganization of a precursor accelerates the formation of nanostructures with narrow diversification during EISA processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
| | - Chunhui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
| | - Yuna Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
| | - Shuangshuang He
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
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Komáromy D, Tezcan M, Schaeffer G, Marić I, Otto S. Effector-Triggered Self-Replication in Coupled Subsystems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Komáromy
- Centre for Systems Chemistry; Stratingh Institute; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Meniz Tezcan
- Centre for Systems Chemistry; Stratingh Institute; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gaël Schaeffer
- Centre for Systems Chemistry; Stratingh Institute; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Marić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry; Stratingh Institute; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry; Stratingh Institute; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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