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Quiñones-Frías MC, Ocken DM, Rodal A. High-resolution imaging of presynaptic ER networks in Atlastin mutants. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.01.555994. [PMID: 37693578 PMCID: PMC10491308 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.555994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous organelle that extends to the periphery of neurons and regulates many neuronal functions including neurite outgrowth, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. Mutations in proteins that control ER shape are linked to the neurodegenerative disorder Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP). However, the ultrastructure and dynamics of the neuronal ER have been under-investigated, particularly at presynaptic terminals. Here we developed new super-resolution and live imaging methods in D. melanogaster larval motor neurons to investigate ER structure at presynaptic terminals from wild-type animals, and in null mutants of the HSP gene Atlastin. Previous studies indicated diffuse localization of an ER lumen marker at Atlastin mutant presynaptic terminals, which was attributed to ER fragmentation. By contrast, we found using an ER membrane marker that the ER in Atlastin mutants formed robust networks. Further, our high-resolution imaging results suggest that overexpression of luminal ER proteins in Atlastin mutants causes their progressive displacement to the cytosol at synapses, perhaps due to proteostatic stress and/or changes in ER membrane integrity. Remarkably, these luminal ER proteins remain correctly localized in cell bodies, axons, and other cell types such as body wall muscles, suggesting that ER tubules at synapses have unique structural and functional characteristics. This displacement phenotype has not been reported in numerous studies of Atlastin in non-neuronal cells, emphasizing the importance of conducting experiments in neurons when investigating the mechanisms leading to upper motor neuron dysfunction in HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina M. Ocken
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | - Avital Rodal
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
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Tan W, Zhang Q, Quiñones-Frías MC, Hsu AY, Zhang Y, Rodal A, Hong P, Luo HR, Xu B. Enzyme-Responsive Peptide Thioesters for Targeting Golgi Apparatus. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6709-6713. [PMID: 35404599 PMCID: PMC9069992 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus (GA) is the hub of intracellular trafficking, but selectively targeting GA remains a challenge. We show an unconventional types of peptide thioesters, consisting of an aminoethyl thioester and acting as substrates of thioesterases, for instantly targeting the GA of cells. The peptide thioesters, above or below their critical micelle concentrations, enter cells mainly via caveolin-mediated endocytosis or macropinocytosis, respectively. After being hydrolyzed by GA-associated thioesterases, the resulting thiopeptides form dimers and accumulate in the GA. After saturating the GA, the thiopeptides are enriched in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Their buildup in ER and GA disrupts protein trafficking, thus leading to cell death via multiple pathways. The peptide thioesters target the GA of a wide variety of cells, including human, murine, and Drosophila cells. Changing d-diphenylalanine to l-diphenylalanine in the peptide maintains the GA-targeting ability. In addition, targeting GA redirects protein (e.g., NRAS) distribution. This work illustrates a thioesterase-responsive and redox-active molecular platform for targeting the GA and controlling cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Qiuxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | | | - Alan Y. Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Avital Rodal
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Pengyu Hong
- Department of Computer Science, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Hongbo R. Luo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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Feng Z, Wang H, Wang S, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Rodal A, Xu B. Enzymatic Assemblies Disrupt the Membrane and Target Endoplasmic Reticulum for Selective Cancer Cell Death. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9566-9573. [PMID: 29995402 PMCID: PMC6070399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the synthesis and folding of a large number of proteins, as well as intracellular calcium regulation, lipid synthesis, and lipid transfer to other organelles, and is emerging as a target for cancer therapy. However, strategies for selectively targeting the ER of cancer cells are limited. Here we show that enzymatically generated crescent-shaped supramolecular assemblies of short peptides disrupt cell membranes and target ER for selective cancer cell death. As revealed by sedimentation assay, the assemblies interact with synthetic lipid membranes. Live cell imaging confirms that the assemblies impair membrane integrity, which is further supported by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), static light scattering (SLS), and critical micelle concentration (CMC), attaching an l-amino acid at the C-terminal of a d-tripeptide results in the crescent-shaped supramolecular assemblies. Structure-activity relationship suggests that the crescent-shaped morphology is critical for interacting with membranes and for controlling cell fate. Moreover, fluorescent imaging indicates that the assemblies accumulate on the ER. Time-dependent Western blot and ELISA indicate that the accumulation causes ER stress and subsequently activates the caspase signaling cascade for cell death. As an approach for in situ generating membrane binding scaffolds (i.e., the crescent-shaped supramolecular assemblies), this work promises a new way to disrupt the membrane and to target the ER for developing anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqianqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Avital Rodal
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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Jungmann R, Avendaño MS, Dai M, Woehrstein JB, Agasti SS, Feiger Z, Rodal A, Yin P. Quantitative super-resolution imaging with qPAINT. Nat Methods 2016; 13:439-42. [PMID: 27018580 PMCID: PMC4941813 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Counting molecules in complexes is challenging, even with super-resolution microscopy. Here, we use the programmable and specific binding of dye-labeled DNA probes to count integer numbers of targets. This method, called quantitative points accumulation in nanoscale topography (qPAINT), works independently of dye photophysics for robust counting with high precision and accuracy over a wide dynamic range. qPAINT was benchmarked on DNA nanostructures and demonstrated for cellular applications by quantifying proteins in situ and the number of single-molecule FISH probes bound to an mRNA target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Jungmann
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maier S Avendaño
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingjie Dai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johannes B Woehrstein
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary Feiger
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Avital Rodal
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peng Yin
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kelley C, Messalaar E, Eskin T, Stanishneva‐Konovalova T, Sokolova O, Rodal A. Autoregulation of the Nervous Wreck F‐BAR Domain Favors Self‐Assembly and Membrane Deformation. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.886.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Kelley
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research CenterDepartment of Biology Brandeis UniversityWalthamMAUnited States
| | - Emily Messalaar
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research CenterDepartment of Biology Brandeis UniversityWalthamMAUnited States
| | - Tania Eskin
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research CenterDepartment of Biology Brandeis UniversityWalthamMAUnited States
| | | | - Olga Sokolova
- Department of BioengineeringM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Avital Rodal
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research CenterDepartment of Biology Brandeis UniversityWalthamMAUnited States
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Abstract
We tested the model that neurons and epithelial cells use a shared mechanism for polarized protein sorting by comparing the pathways for localizing basolateral and postsynaptic proteins in C. elegans. GLR-1 glutamate receptors are localized to postsynaptic elements of central synapses and, when ectopically expressed, to basolateral membranes of epithelial cells. Proper localization of GLR-1 in both neurons and epithelia requires the PDZ protein LIN-10, defining LIN-10 as a shared component of the basolateral and postsynaptic localization pathways. Changing the GLR-1 carboxy-terminal sequence from a group I PDZ-binding consensus (-TAV) to a group II consensus (-FYV) restores GLR-1 synaptic localization in lin-10 mutants. Thus, these interneurons utilize at least two separate postsynaptic localization pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rongo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3200, USA
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